1
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Edtmayer S, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Zdársky B, Heindl K, Weiss S, Eder T, Dutta S, Graichen U, Klee S, Sharif O, Wieser R, Győrffy B, Poli V, Casanova E, Sill H, Grebien F, Stoiber D. A novel function of STAT3β in suppressing interferon response improves outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:369. [PMID: 38806478 PMCID: PMC11133483 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently overexpressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAT3 exists in two distinct alternatively spliced isoforms, the full-length isoform STAT3α and the C-terminally truncated isoform STAT3β. While STAT3α is predominantly described as an oncogenic driver, STAT3β has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor. To elucidate the role of STAT3β in AML, we established a mouse model of STAT3β-deficient, MLL-AF9-driven AML. STAT3β deficiency significantly shortened survival of leukemic mice confirming its role as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed enhanced STAT1 expression and interferon (IFN) signaling upon loss of STAT3β. Accordingly, STAT3β-deficient leukemia cells displayed enhanced sensitivity to blockade of IFN signaling through both an IFNAR1 blocking antibody and the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Analysis of human AML patient samples confirmed that elevated expression of IFN-inducible genes correlated with poor overall survival and low STAT3β expression. Together, our data corroborate the tumor suppressive role of STAT3β in a mouse model in vivo. Moreover, they provide evidence that its tumor suppressive function is linked to repression of the STAT1-mediated IFN response. These findings suggest that the STAT3β/α mRNA ratio is a significant prognostic marker in AML and holds crucial information for targeted treatment approaches. Patients displaying a low STAT3β/α mRNA ratio and unfavorable prognosis could benefit from therapeutic interventions directed at STAT1/IFN signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Humans
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Mice
- Signal Transduction
- Interferons/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Nitriles
- Pyrazoles
- Pyrimidines
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Edtmayer
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Bernhard Zdársky
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Kerstin Heindl
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Stefanie Weiss
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe Graichen
- Division Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of General Health Studies, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Sascha Klee
- Division Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of General Health Studies, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunometabolism and Systems Biology of Obesity-Related Diseases (InSpiReD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
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2
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Piro A, Cufaro MC, Lanuti P, Brocco D, De Lellis L, Florio R, Pilato S, Pagotto S, De Fabritiis S, Vespa S, Catitti G, Verginelli F, Simeone P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, Fontana A, Grassadonia A, Di Ianni M, Cama A, Veschi S. Exploring the Immunomodulatory Potential of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through Proteomic and Functional Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1795. [PMID: 38791876 PMCID: PMC11120044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and displays resistance to immunotherapy. A better understanding of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) effects on immune responses might contribute to improved immunotherapy. EVs derived from Capan-2 and BxPC-3 PC cells isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Western blot (WB), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and label-free proteomics. Fresh PBMCs from healthy donors were treated with PC- or control-derived heterologous EVs, followed by flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated or untreated PBMCs was performed, and the IFN-γ concentration was measured by ELISA. Notably, most of the proteins identified in Capan-2 and BxPC-3 EVs by the proteomic analysis were connected in a single functional network (p = 1 × 10-16) and were involved in the "Immune System" (FDR: 1.10 × 10-24 and 3.69 × 10-19, respectively). Interestingly, the treatment of healthy donor-derived PBMCs with Capan-2 EVs but not with BxPC-3 EVs or heterologous control EVs induced early activation of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated PBMCs was consistent with their activation by Capan-2 EVs, indicating IFN-γ among the major upstream regulators, as confirmed by ELISA. The proteomic and functional analyses indicate that PC-EVs have pleiotropic effects, and some may activate early immune responses, which might be relevant for the development of highly needed immunotherapeutic strategies in this immune-cold tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piro
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone De Fabritiis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
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Yang L, Wang Y, Song Y, Li Z, Lei L, Li H, He B, Cao J, Gao H. Metal coordination nanotheranostics mediated by nucleoside metabolic inhibitors potentiate STING pathway activation for cancer metalloimmunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 370:354-366. [PMID: 38685387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is an effective way to initiate an immune response against tumors, and the research on agonists targeting STING has become a new hotspot in the development of antitumor drugs. However, as a novel STING agonist, the limited bioavailability and activation routes of manganese ions (Mn2+) significantly hinder its antitumor effects. To address these challenges, we have designed a metal-coordinated nucleoside metabolic inhibitor (gemcitabine, Gem)-induced metal nanotheranostic (MGP) with PEGylation. This formulation synergistically enhanced the immune response against cancer cells by sensitizing the cGAS-STING pathway and promoting immunogenic cell death (ICD). Modified with PEG derivatives, MGP was efficiently delivered to the tumor site and was internalized by cancer cells. Upon internalization, the release of Mn2+ triggered the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, while the release of Gem induced DNA damage. On the one hand, the damaged DNA caused by Gem leaked into the cytoplasm, synergistically amplified Mn2+-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, and induced the production of the tumor cytotoxic factor IFN-β. On the other hand, Mn2+-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) exhibited an ICD effect, which further synergized with the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway to promote dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and antigen-specific T cells infiltration. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that MGP nanotheranostics could elicit a robust antitumor effect, especially when combined with anti-PD-1. This study provided a new paradigm for intensifying immune activation by constructing metal coordination nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yujun Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zeya Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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4
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Shao R, Liu S, Liu W, Song C, Liu L, Zhu L, Peng F, Lu Y, Tang H. Interleukin-33 increases the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib through reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B signal and stemness properties. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e562. [PMID: 38737470 PMCID: PMC11082532 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) is the first-line therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). BTZ resistance largely limits its clinical application in MM. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) exerts antitumor effects through various mechanisms, including enhancing antitumor immunity and promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, the synergistic anti-MM effect of IL-33 and BTZ was verified, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that IL-33 expression levels were downregulated in MM, and that BTZ-treated MM patients with high IL-33 levels had better prognosis than those with low IL-33 levels. Moreover, the patients with high IL-33 levels had a better treatment response to BTZ. Further immune analysis suggested that IL-33 can enhance the anti-MM immunity. IL-33 and BTZ synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MM cells, which was mediated by the excessive accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, increased ROS hindered the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, thereby decreasing the transcription of target stemness-related genes (SOX2, MYC, and OCT3/4). These effects induced by the combination therapy could be reversed by eliminating ROS by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, our results indicated that IL-33 enhanced the sensitivity of MM to BTZ through ROS-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal and stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuPR China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lewei Zhu
- The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanPR China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
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Jové V, Wheeler H, Lee CW, Healy DR, Levine K, Ralph EC, Yamaguchi M, Jiang ZK, Cabral E, Xu Y, Stock J, Yang B, Giddabasappa A, Loria P, Casimiro-Garcia A, Kessler BM, Pinto-Fernández A, Frattini V, Wes PD, Wang F. Type I interferon regulation by USP18 is a key vulnerability in cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109593. [PMID: 38632987 PMCID: PMC11022047 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of Type I interferon signaling is crucial for combating infection and cancer while avoiding autoimmunity. Type I interferon signaling is negatively regulated by USP18. USP18 cleaves ISG15, an interferon-induced ubiquitin-like modification, via its canonical catalytic function, and inhibits Type I interferon receptor activity through its scaffold role. USP18 loss-of-function dramatically impacts immune regulation, pathogen susceptibility, and tumor growth. However, prior studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the relative importance of catalytic versus scaffold function. Here, we develop biochemical and cellular methods to systematically define the physiological role of USP18. By comparing a patient-derived mutation impairing scaffold function (I60N) to a mutation disrupting catalytic activity (C64S), we demonstrate that scaffold function is critical for cancer cell vulnerability to Type I interferon. Surprisingly, we discovered that human USP18 exhibits minimal catalytic activity, in stark contrast to mouse USP18. These findings resolve human USP18's mechanism-of-action and enable USP18-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Jové
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Heather Wheeler
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - David R. Healy
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kymberly Levine
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erik C. Ralph
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Edward Cabral
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yingrong Xu
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stock
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Paula Loria
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Adán Pinto-Fernández
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Véronique Frattini
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul D. Wes
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Jia X, Ju J, Li Z, Peng X, Wang J, Gao F. Inhibition of spinal BRD4 alleviates pyroptosis and M1 microglia polarization via STING-IRF3 pathway in morphine-tolerant rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176428. [PMID: 38432572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine tolerance has been a challenging medical issue. Neuroinflammation is considered as a critical mechanism for the development of morphine tolerance. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a key regulator in cell damage and inflammation, participates in the development of chronic pain. However, whether BRD4 is involved in morphine tolerance and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS The morphine-tolerant rat model was established by intrathecal administration of morphine twice daily for 7 days. Behavior test was assessed by a tail-flick latency test. The roles of BRD4, pyroptosis, microglia polarization and related signaling pathways in morphine tolerance were elucidated by Western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Repeated morphine administration upregulated BRD4 level, induced pyroptosis, and promoted microglia M1-polarization in spinal cord, accompanied by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. JQ-1, a BRD4 antagonist, alleviated the development of morphine tolerance, diminished pyroptosis and induced the switch of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, stimulator of interferon gene (STING)- interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway was activated and the protective effect of JQ-1 against morphine tolerance was at least partially mediated by inhibition of STING-IRF3 pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that spinal BRD4 contributes to pyroptosis and switch of microglia polarization via STING-IRF3 signaling pathway during the development of morphine tolerance, which extend the understanding of the neuroinflammation mechanism of morphine tolerance and provide an alternative strategy for the precaution against of this medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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7
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Colangelo NW, Gerber NK, Vatner RE, Cooper BT. Harnessing the cGAS-STING pathway to potentiate radiation therapy: current approaches and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383000. [PMID: 38659582 PMCID: PMC11039815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the current understanding of how radiation therapy, which uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells, mediates an anti-tumor immune response through the cGAS-STING pathway, and how STING agonists might potentiate this. We examine how cGAS-STING signaling mediates the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA entering the cytoplasm. The significance of this in the context of cancer is explored, such as in response to cell-damaging therapies and genomic instability. The contribution of the immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is considered. This review also discusses the burgeoning understanding of STING signaling that is independent of inflammatory cytokine release and the various mechanisms by which cancer cells can evade STING signaling. We review the available data on how ionizing radiation stimulates cGAS-STING signaling as well as how STING agonists may potentiate the anti-tumor immune response induced by ionizing radiation. There is also discussion of how novel radiation modalities may affect cGAS-STING signaling. We conclude with a discussion of ongoing and planned clinical trials combining radiation therapy with STING agonists, and provide insights to consider when planning future clinical trials combining these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Colangelo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naamit K. Gerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ralph E. Vatner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Chen KC, Dhar T, Chen CR, Chen ECY, Peng CC. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase modulates PD-L1 in bladder cancer and enhances immunotherapeutic sensitivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167106. [PMID: 38428685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide with a high mortality rate and poor response to immunotherapy in patients expressing lower programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from nicotinamide was reported to be overexpressed in various cancers; however, the role of NAMPT in BLCA is obscure. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays, a real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, proliferation assay, NAD+ quantification, transwell-migration assay, and colony-formation assay were performed to measure NAMPT and PD-L1 expression levels in patients and the effect of NAMPT inhibition on T24 cells. Our study revealed that NAMPT expression was upregulated in BLCA patients with different grades and associated with poor T-cell infiltration. Notably, FK866-mediated NAMPT inhibition decreased cell viability by depleting NAD+, and reducing the migration ability and colony-formation ability of T24 cells. Interestingly, NAMPT negatively regulated PD-L1 under an interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated microenvironment. However, exogenous NAMPT activator has no effect on PD-L1. NAD+ supplementation also only increased PD-L1 in the absence of IFN-γ. Conclusively, NAMPT is crucial for BLCA tumorigenic properties, and it regulates expression of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint protein. NAMPT could be considered a target for modulating sensitivity to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Zhong-He District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Trayee Dhar
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Rong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Chang-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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9
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Guo M, Liu MYR, Brooks DG. Regulation and impact of tumor-specific CD4 + T cells in cancer and immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:303-313. [PMID: 38508931 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are crucial in generating and sustaining immune responses. They orchestrate and fine-tune mammalian innate and adaptive immunity through cell-based interactions and the release of cytokines. The role of these cells in contributing to the efficacy of antitumor immunity and immunotherapy has just started to be uncovered. Yet, many aspects of the CD4+ T cell response are still unclear, including the differentiation pathways controlling such cells during cancer progression, the external signals that program them, and how the combination of these factors direct ensuing immune responses or immune-restorative therapies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding CD4+ T cell regulation during cancer progression and the importance of CD4+ T cells in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Yi Ran Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Lee M, Ahmad SF, Xu J. Regulation and function of transposable elements in cancer genomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:157. [PMID: 38556602 PMCID: PMC10982106 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over half of human genomic DNA is composed of repetitive sequences generated throughout evolution by prolific mobile genetic parasites called transposable elements (TEs). Long disregarded as "junk" or "selfish" DNA, TEs are increasingly recognized as formative elements in genome evolution, wired intimately into the structure and function of the human genome. Advances in sequencing technologies and computational methods have ushered in an era of unprecedented insight into how TE activity impacts human biology in health and disease. Here we discuss the current views on how TEs have shaped the regulatory landscape of the human genome, how TE activity is implicated in human cancers, and how recent findings motivate novel strategies to leverage TE activity for improved cancer therapy. Given the crucial role of methodological advances in TE biology, we pair our conceptual discussions with an in-depth review of the inherent technical challenges in studying repeats, specifically related to structural variation, expression analyses, and chromatin regulation. Lastly, we provide a catalog of existing and emerging assays and bioinformatic software that altogether are enabling the most sophisticated and comprehensive investigations yet into the regulation and function of interspersed repeats in cancer genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place - MS 345, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place - MS 345, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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11
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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12
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Nguyen DC, Song K, Jokonya S, Yazdani O, Sellers DL, Wang Y, Zakaria ABM, Pun SH, Stayton PS. Mannosylated STING Agonist Drugamers for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:666-675. [PMID: 38559305 PMCID: PMC10979423 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite recent advances, therapies targeting the STING pathway are often limited by routes of administration, suboptimal STING activation, or off-target toxicity. Here, we report a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted polymeric prodrug platform (polySTING) that is designed to optimize intracellular delivery of a diamidobenzimidazole (diABZI) small-molecule STING agonist while minimizing off-target toxicity after parenteral administration. PolySTING incorporates mannose targeting ligands as a comonomer, which facilitates its uptake in CD206+/mannose receptor+ professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The STING agonist is conjugated through a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine (VA) linker for selective intracellular drug release after receptor-mediated endocytosis. When administered intravenously in tumor-bearing mice, polySTING selectively targeted CD206+/mannose receptor+ APCs in the TME, resulting in increased cross-presenting CD8+ DCs, infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the TME as well as maturation across multiple DC subtypes in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN). Systemic administration of polySTING slowed tumor growth in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model as well as a 4T1 murine breast cancer model with an acceptable safety profile. Thus, we demonstrate that polySTING delivers STING agonists to professional APCs after systemic administration, generating efficacious DC-driven antitumor immunity with minimal side effects. This new polymeric prodrug platform may offer new opportunities for combining efficient targeted STING agonist delivery with other selective tumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Chuong Nguyen
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kefan Song
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Simbarashe Jokonya
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Omeed Yazdani
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Drew L. Sellers
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - ABM Zakaria
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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13
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Wang M, Chen S, He X, Yuan Y, Wei X. Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38520006 PMCID: PMC10960486 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore the potential role of inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, and metastasis to the resistance of tumors to treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate the potential to suppress cancer development, but also to improve the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities. In this review, we describe the highly dynamic and complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with discussion on key inflammation mediators in cancer including inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and their downstream intracellular pathways. In addition, we especially address the role of inflammation in cancer development and highlight the action mechanisms of inflammation-targeted therapies in antitumor response. Finally, we summarize the results from both preclinical and clinical studies up to date to illustrate the translation potential of inflammation-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Song K, Pun SH. Design and Evaluation of Synthetic Delivery Formulations for Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0038. [PMID: 38515636 PMCID: PMC10956738 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the recent advances in neoantigen identification, peptide-based cancer vaccines offer substantial potential in the field of immunotherapy. However, rapid clearance, low immunogenicity, and insufficient antigen-presenting cell (APC) uptake limit the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. This review explores the barriers hindering vaccine efficiency, highlights recent advancements in synthetic delivery systems, and features strategies for the key delivery steps of lymph node (LN) drainage, APC delivery, cross-presentation strategies, and adjuvant incorporation. This paper also discusses the design of preclinical studies evaluating vaccine efficiency, including vaccine administration routes and murine tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, USA
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15
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Švajger U, Kamenšek U. Interleukins and interferons in mesenchymal stromal stem cell-based gene therapy of cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00021-2. [PMID: 38508954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is importantly shaped by various cytokines, where interleukins (ILs) and interferons (IFNs) shape the balance of immune activity within tumor niche and associated lymphoid organs. Their importance in activation and tuning of both innate and adaptive immune responses prompted their use in several clinical trials, albeit with limited therapeutic efficacy and risk of toxicity due to systemic administration. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that local delivery of ILs and IFNs could significantly increase their effectiveness, while simultaneously attenuate the known side effects and issues related to their biological activity. A prominent way to achieve this is to use cell-based delivery vehicles. For this purpose, mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are considered an almost ideal candidate. Namely, MSCs can be obtained in large quantities and from obtainable sources (e.g. umbilical cord or adipose tissue), their ex vivo expansion is relatively straightforward compared to other cell types and they possess very low immunogenicity making them suitable for allogeneic use. Importantly, MSCs have shown an intrinsic capacity to respond to tumor-directed chemotaxis. This review provides a focused and detailed discussion on MSC-based gene therapy using ILs and IFNs, engineering techniques and insights on potential future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Šlajmerjeva Ulica 6, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Kamenšek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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16
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Shen Y, Connolly E, Aiello M, Zhou C, Chappa P, Song H, Tippitak P, Clark T, Cardenas M, Prokhnevska N, Mariniello A, Pagadala MS, Dhere VR, Rafiq S, Kesarwala AH, Orthwein A, Thomas SN, Khan MK, Brandon Dixon J, Lesinski GB, Lowe MC, Kissick H, Yu DS, Paulos CM, Schmitt NC, Buchwald ZS. Radiation and anti-PD-L1 synergize by stimulating a stem-like T cell population in the tumor-draining lymph node. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3921977. [PMID: 38496632 PMCID: PMC10942568 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3921977/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) and anti-PD-L1 synergize to enhance local and distant (abscopal) tumor control. However, clinical results in humans have been variable. With the goal of improving clinical outcomes, we investigated the underlying synergistic mechanism focusing on a CD8+ PD-1+ Tcf-1+ stem-like T cell subset in the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN). Using murine melanoma models, we found that RT + anti-PD-L1 induces a novel differentiation program in the TdLN stem-like population which leads to their expansion and differentiation into effector cells within the tumor. Our data indicate that optimal synergy between RT + anti-PD-L1 is dependent on the TdLN stem-like T cell population as either blockade of TdLN egress or specific stem-like T cell depletion reduced tumor control. Together, these data demonstrate a multistep stimulation of stem-like T cells following combination therapy which is initiated in the TdLN and completed in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Erin Connolly
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Meili Aiello
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chengjing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Prasanthi Chappa
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haorui Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patan Tippitak
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tarralyn Clark
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nataliya Prokhnevska
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ICMMS), New York City, NY, USA
| | - Annapaola Mariniello
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meghana S. Pagadala
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Vishal R. Dhere
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan N. Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad K. Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael C. Lowe
- Department of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David S. Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C. Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary S. Buchwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lead contact
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17
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Xu B, Sun H, Liu S, Liao L, Song X, Wu Y, Hou Y, Jin W. IFI35 limits antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer via CCL2 secretion. Oncogene 2024; 43:693-702. [PMID: 38216673 PMCID: PMC10907302 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis due to the lack of therapeutic targets. Although immunotherapy brings survival benefits to patients diagnosed with TNBC, it remains limited and treatment resistance is widespread. Here we demonstrate that IFI35 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and can be induced by Interferon-γ in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. In xenograft models, we reveal that IFI35 dramatically increases myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration in tumors, along with depletion and anergy of CD8+T cells. IFI35 ablation leads to prolonged survival of the mice. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing reveals that IFI35 promotes CCL2 secretion, resulting in the remodeling of TNBC immune microenvironment. Ablation of IFI35 promotes the infiltration of effector CD8+T cells, and thereby sensitizes TNBC to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our data suggest that IFI35 limits antitumor immunity and may be expected to become a new immunotherapy target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Hefen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Simeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Yu Z, Vieyra-Garcia P, Benezeder T, Crouch JD, Kim IR, O'Malley JT, Devlin PM, Gehad A, Zhan Q, Gudjonsson JE, Sarkar MK, Kahlenberg JM, Gerard N, Teague JE, Kupper TS, LeBoeuf NR, Larocca C, Tawa M, Pomahac B, Talbot SG, Orgill DP, Wolf P, Clark RA. Phototherapy Restores Deficient Type I IFN Production and Enhances Antitumor Responses in Mycosis Fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:621-632.e1. [PMID: 37716650 PMCID: PMC10922223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling demonstrated markedly reduced type I IFN gene expression in untreated mycosis fungoides (MF) skin lesions compared with that in healthy skin. Type I IFN expression in MF correlated with antigen-presenting cell-associated IRF5 before psoralen plus UVA therapy and epithelial ULBP2 after therapy, suggesting an enhancement of epithelial type I IFN. Immunostains confirmed reduced baseline type I IFN production in MF and increased levels after psoralen plus UVA treatment in responding patients. Effective tumor clearance was associated with increased type I IFN expression, enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells into skin lesions, and expression of genes associated with antigen-specific T-cell activation. IFNk, a keratinocyte-derived inducer of type I IFNs, was increased by psoralen plus UVA therapy and expression correlated with upregulation of other type I IFNs. In vitro, deletion of keratinocyte IFNk decreased baseline and UVA-induced expression of type I IFN and IFN response genes. In summary, we find a baseline deficit in type I IFN production in MF that is restored by psoralen plus UVA therapy and correlates with enhanced antitumor responses. This may explain why MF generally develops in sun-protected skin and suggests that drugs that increase epithelial type I IFNs, including topical MEK and EGFR inhibitors, may be effective therapies for MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pablo Vieyra-Garcia
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jack D Crouch
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ira R Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John T O'Malley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip M Devlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Gehad
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nega Gerard
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Teague
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole R LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia Larocca
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianne Tawa
- Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Simon G Talbot
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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Lira MC, Vanpouille-Box C, Galluzzi L. Adaptive inhibition of CGAS signaling by TREX1. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:177-179. [PMID: 38355355 PMCID: PMC11075008 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cells react to the accumulation of double-stranded (ds)DNA in the cytosol by secreting antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines, notably type I interferon (IFN). Recent data reported by Tani et al. demonstrate that overactivation of this pathway is prevented by an adaptive feedback mechanism elicited by type I IFN receptors and executed by the exonuclease three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Lira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Bastard P, Gervais A, Le Voyer T, Philippot Q, Cobat A, Rosain J, Jouanguy E, Abel L, Zhang SY, Zhang Q, Puel A, Casanova JL. Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:98-112. [PMID: 38193358 PMCID: PMC10950543 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Human autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs were first discovered in a woman with disseminated shingles and were described by Ion Gresser from 1981 to 1984. They have since been found in patients with diverse conditions and are even used as a diagnostic criterion in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1). However, their apparent lack of association with viral diseases, including shingles, led to wide acceptance of the conclusion that they had no pathological consequences. This perception began to change in 2020, when they were found to underlie about 15% of cases of critical COVID-19 pneumonia. They have since been shown to underlie other severe viral diseases, including 5%, 20%, and 40% of cases of critical influenza pneumonia, critical MERS pneumonia, and West Nile virus encephalitis, respectively. They also seem to be associated with shingles in various settings. These auto-Abs are present in all age groups of the general population, but their frequency increases with age to reach at least 5% in the elderly. We estimate that at least 100 million people worldwide carry auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs. Here, we briefly review the history of the study of these auto-Abs, focusing particularly on their known causes and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistante Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France, EU
| | - Adrian Gervais
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, APHP, Paris, France, EU
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21
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Durand A, Bonilla N, Level T, Ginestet Z, Lombès A, Guichard V, Germain M, Jacques S, Letourneur F, Do Cruzeiro M, Marchiol C, Renault G, Le Gall M, Charvet C, Le Bon A, Martin B, Auffray C, Lucas B. Type 1 interferons and Foxo1 down-regulation play a key role in age-related T-cell exhaustion in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1718. [PMID: 38409097 PMCID: PMC10897180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxo family transcription factors are critically involved in multiple processes, such as metabolism, quiescence, cell survival and cell differentiation. Although continuous, high activity of Foxo transcription factors extends the life span of some species, the involvement of Foxo proteins in mammalian aging remains to be determined. Here, we show that Foxo1 is down-regulated with age in mouse T cells. This down-regulation of Foxo1 in T cells may contribute to the disruption of naive T-cell homeostasis with age, leading to an increase in the number of memory T cells. Foxo1 down-regulation is also associated with the up-regulation of co-inhibitory receptors by memory T cells and exhaustion in aged mice. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we show that the age-dependent down-regulation of Foxo1 in T cells is mediated by T-cell-extrinsic cues, including type 1 interferons. Taken together, our data suggest that type 1 interferon-induced Foxo1 down-regulation is likely to contribute significantly to T-cell dysfunction in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durand
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Bonilla
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Théo Level
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Zoé Ginestet
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lombès
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Guichard
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Germain
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Marchiol
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Céline Charvet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Le Bon
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Martin
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Auffray
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France.
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22
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi H, Liu K, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen H, Shi Y, Wang R. Immune modulatory roles of radioimmunotherapy: biological principles and clinical prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357101. [PMID: 38449871 PMCID: PMC10915027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) not only can directly kill tumor cells by causing DNA double-strand break, but also exerts anti-tumor effects through modulating local and systemic immune responses. The immunomodulatory effects of RT are generally considered as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, RT effectively enhances the immunogenicity of tumor cells, triggers type I interferon response, induces immunogenic cell death to activate immune cell function, increases the release of proinflammatory factors, and reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby positively promoting anti-tumor immune responses. On the other hand, RT stimulates tumor cells to express immunosuppressive cytokines, upregulates the function of inhibitory immune cells, leads to lymphocytopenia and depletion of immune effector cells, and thus negatively suppresses immune responses. Nonetheless, it is notable that RT has promising abscopal effects and may achieve potent synergistic effects, especially when combined with immunotherapy in the daily clinical practice. This systematic review will provide a comprehensive profile of the latest research progress with respect to the immunomodulatory effects of RT, as well as the abscopal effect of radioimmunotherapy combinations, from the perspective of biological basis and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongyun Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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23
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Todorović-Raković N, Whitfield JR. Therapeutic implications of the interplay between interferons and ER in breast cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:119-125. [PMID: 38296759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The involvement of interferons (IFNs) in various diseases, including breast cancer, has sparked controversy due to their diverse roles in immunity and significant impact on pathological mechanisms. In the context of breast cancer, the heightened expression of endogenous IFNs has been linked to anti-tumor activity and a favorable prognosis for patients. Within the tumor tissue and microenvironment, IFNs initiate a cascade of molecular events involving numerous factors, which can lead to either cooperative or repressive interactions. The specific functions of IFNs in breast cancer vary depending on the two major disease phenotypes: hormone dependent (or responsive) and hormone independent (or unresponsive) breast cancer. Hormone dependence is determined by the presence of estrogen receptors (ERs). The interplay between the IFN and ER signaling pathways, and the involvement of intermediate factors such as NFκB, are areas that have been somewhat under-researched, but that hold potential importance for the understanding and treatment of breast cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the actions of IFNs in breast cancer, particularly in relation to the different breast cancer phenotypes and the significance of comprehending the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the use of IFN-based therapies in cancer treatment remains a topic of debate and has not yet gained widespread acceptance. However, emerging discoveries may redirect focus towards the potential of IFN-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Todorović-Raković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Carrer Natzaret 115, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Park R, Yu J, Shahzad M, Lee S, Ji JD. The immune regulatory function of B7-H3 in malignancy: spotlight on the IFN-STAT1 axis and regulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09458-9. [PMID: 38265550 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a member of the B7 superfamily and a putative inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. Several early-phase clinical trials have reported promising anti-tumor activity and safety of anti-cancer drugs targeting B7-H3, suggesting that it may be a promising target for a potential next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitor. Despite ongoing clinical studies, most B7-H3-targeted drugs being currently investigated rely on direct cytotoxicity as their mechanisms of action rather than modulating its function as an immune checkpoint, at least in part due to its incompletely understood immune regulatory function. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of B7-H3 in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence suggests that B7-H3 may regulate the interferon-STAT1 axis in the TME and promote immune suppression. Similarly, increasing evidence shows B7-H3 may be implicated in promoting M1 to M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). There is also accumulating evidence suggesting that B7-H3 may play a role in the heterotypic fusion of cancer stem cells and macrophages, thereby promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of B7-H3 cancer immunobiology with a focus on highlighting its potential role in the interferon priming of TAMs and the heterotypic fusion of TAMs with cancer stem cells and suggest future direction in elucidating its immune checkpoint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James Yu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Moazzam Shahzad
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sunggon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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25
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Rannikko JH, Bono P, Hynninen J, Hollmén M. Bexmarilimab Activates Human Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Support Adaptive Immune Responses in Interferon-Poor Immune Microenvironments. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:48-59. [PMID: 37922365 PMCID: PMC10762336 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show substantially greater efficacy in inflamed tumors characterized by preexisting T-cell infiltration and IFN signaling than in noninflamed "cold" tumors, which often remain immunotherapy resistant. The cancer immunotherapy bexmarilimab, which inhibits the scavenger receptor Clever-1 to release macrophage immunosuppression and activate adaptive immunity, has shown treatment benefit in subsets of patients with advanced solid malignancies. However, the mechanisms that determine bexmarilimab therapy outcome in individual patients are unknown. Here we characterized bexmarilimab response in ovarian cancer ascites macrophages ex vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing and demonstrated increased IFN signaling and CXCL10 secretion following bexmarilimab treatment. We further showed that bexmarilimab was most efficacious in macrophages with low baseline IFN signaling, as chronic IFNγ priming abolished bexmarilimab-induced TNFα release. These results highlight an approach to target immunologically cold tumors and to increase the likelihood of their subsequent response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H. Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Vitale I, Galassi C, Galluzzi L. Chromosomal instability drives immunosuppression and metastatic dissemination. Cell Res 2024; 34:7-8. [PMID: 37739994 PMCID: PMC10770350 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Galassi C, Klapp V, Yamazaki T, Galluzzi L. Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by radiation therapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:20-32. [PMID: 37679959 PMCID: PMC11075037 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune responses against dead cell-associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not perfectly covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), (2) cell death occurs along with the emission of immunostimulatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that actively engage immune effector mechanisms (adjuvanticity), and (3) the microenvironment of dying cells is permissive for the initiation of adaptive immunity. Finally, ICD-driven immune responses can only operate and exert cytotoxic effector functions if the microenvironment of target cancer cells enables immune cell infiltration and activity. Multiple forms of radiation, including non-ionizing (ultraviolet) and ionizing radiation, elicit bona fide ICD as they increase both the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Here, we review the molecular determinants of ICD as elicited by radiation as we critically discuss strategies to reinforce the immunogenicity of cancer cells succumbing to clinically available radiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Holicek P, Guilbaud E, Klapp V, Truxova I, Spisek R, Galluzzi L, Fucikova J. Type I interferon and cancer. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:115-127. [PMID: 37667466 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a class of proinflammatory cytokines with a dual role on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy. On the one hand, robust, acute, and resolving type I IFN responses have been shown to mediate prominent anticancer effects, reflecting not only their direct cytostatic/cytotoxic activity on (at least some) malignant cells, but also their pronounced immunostimulatory functions. In line with this notion, type I IFN signaling has been implicated in the antineoplastic effects of various immunogenic therapeutics, including (but not limited to) immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). On the other hand, weak, indolent, and non-resolving type I IFN responses have been demonstrated to support tumor progression and resistance to therapy, reflecting the ability of suboptimal type I IFN signaling to mediate cytoprotective activity, promote stemness, favor tolerance to chromosomal instability, and facilitate the establishment of an immunologically exhausted tumor microenvironment. Here, we review fundamental aspects of type I IFN signaling and their context-dependent impact on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Hormann FM, Mooij EJ, van de Mheen M, Beverloo HB, den Boer ML, Boer JM. The impact of an additional copy of chromosome 21 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23217. [PMID: 38087879 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A common finding in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCPALL) is that chromosome 21 is never lost and an extra chromosome 21 is often gained. This implies an important role for chromosome 21 in the pathobiology of BCPALL, emphasized by the increased risk of BCPALL in children with Down syndrome. However, model systems of chromosome 21 gain are lacking. We therefore developed a BCPALL cell line (Nalm-6, DUX4-rearranged) with an additional chromosome 21 by means of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. FISH, PCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and whole exome sequencing showed that an additional chromosome 21 was successfully transferred to the recipient cells. Transcription of some but not all genes on chromosome 21 was increased, indicating tight transcriptional regulation. Nalm-6 cells with an additional chromosome 21 proliferated slightly slower compared with parental Nalm-6 and sensitivity to induction chemotherapeutics was mildly increased. The extra copy of chromosome 21 did not confer sensitivity to targeted signaling inhibitors. In conclusion, a BCPALL cell line with an additional human chromosome 21 was developed, validated, and subjected to functional studies, which showed a minor but potentially relevant effect in vitro. This cell line offers the possibility to study further the role of chromosome 21 in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M Hormann
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Mooij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - H Berna Beverloo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Sausen DG, Poirier MC, Spiers LM, Smith EN. Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289313. [PMID: 38179040 PMCID: PMC10764432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world's population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong infection. T cells, as important contributors to cell-mediated immunity, make an attractive target for these immunoevasive strategies. Indeed, EBV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate T cell responses. For example, it can augment expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which inhibits T cell function, and downregulates the interferon response, which has a strong impact on T cell regulation. It also modulates interleukin secretion and can influence major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and presentation. In addition to facilitating persistent EBV infection, these immunoregulatory mechanisms have significant implications for evasion of the immune response by tumor cells. This review dissects the mechanisms through which EBV avoids detection by host T cells and discusses how these mechanisms play into tumor survival. It concludes with an overview of cancer treatments targeting T cells in the setting of EBV-associated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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31
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Castillo Cabrera J, Dang H, Graves A, Zhang Z, Torres-Castillo J, Li K, King Z, Liu P, Aubé J, Bear JE, Damania B, Hagan RS, Baldwin AS. AGC kinase inhibitors regulate STING signaling through SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1601-1616.e6. [PMID: 37939709 PMCID: PMC10842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 IFN expression is critical in the innate immune response, but aberrant expression is associated with autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we identify N-[4-(1H46 pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-6-yl)-phenyl]-sulfonamide (Sanofi-14h), a compound with preference for inhibition of the AGC family kinase SGK3, as an inhibitor of Ifnb1 gene expression in response to STING stimulation of macrophages. Sanofi-14h abrogated SGK activity and also impaired activation of the critical TBK1/IRF3 pathway downstream of STING activation, blocking interaction of STING with TBK1. Deletion of SGK1/3 in a macrophage cell line did not block TBK1/IRF3 activation but decreased expression of transcription factors, such as IRF7 and STAT1, required for the innate immune response. Other AGC kinase inhibitors blocked TBK1 and IRF3 activation suggesting common action on a critical regulatory node in the STING pathway. These studies reveal both SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms in the innate immune response and indicate an approach to block aberrant Ifnb1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Castillo Cabrera
- Pathobiology and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Graves
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zayna King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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32
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Yofe I, Shami T, Cohen N, Landsberger T, Sheban F, Stoler-Barak L, Yalin A, Phan TS, Li B, Monteran L, Scharff Y, Giladi A, Elbaz M, David E, Gurevich-Shapiro A, Gur C, Shulman Z, Erez N, Amit I. Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Breast Cancer Lung Metastases Identify TREM2 Macrophages as Regulators of the Metastatic Boundary. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2610-2631. [PMID: 37756565 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer mortality primarily stems from metastatic recurrence, emphasizing the urgent need for developing effective metastasis-targeted immunotherapies. To better understand the cellular and molecular events shaping metastatic niches, we used a spontaneous breast cancer lung metastasis model to create a single-cell atlas spanning different metastatic stages and regions. We found that premetastatic lungs are infiltrated by inflammatory neutrophils and monocytes, followed by the accumulation of suppressive macrophages with the emergence of metastases. Spatial profiling revealed that metastasis-associated immune cells were present in the metastasis core, with the exception of TREM2+ regulatory macrophages uniquely enriched at the metastatic invasive margin, consistent across both murine models and human patient samples. These regulatory macrophages (Mreg) contribute to the formation of an immune-suppressive niche, cloaking tumor cells from immune surveillance. Our study provides a compendium of immune cell dynamics across metastatic stages and niches, informing the development of metastasis-targeting immunotherapies. SIGNIFICANCE Temporal and spatial single-cell analysis of metastasis stages revealed new players in modulating immune surveillance and suppression. Our study highlights distinct populations of TREM2 macrophages as modulators of the microenvironment in metastasis, and as the key immune determinant defining metastatic niches, pointing to myeloid checkpoints to improve therapeutic strategies. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Yofe
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Shami
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Landsberger
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fadi Sheban
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Stoler-Barak
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Yalin
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lea Monteran
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ye'ela Scharff
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miriam Elbaz
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Chamutal Gur
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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33
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A Heieis G, Everts B. O-GlcNAcylation at the center of antitumor immunity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103009. [PMID: 37863017 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification known as O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dysregulated process in tumors, and a key contributor to malignant transformation. In contrast, after three decades since its discovery, very little has been revealed about this process in the immune system. With the prospect of targeting O-GlcNAcylation as tumor therapy, greater understanding of how it regulates immune responses in the context of the tumor microenvironment will be needed. Here, we discuss recent discoveries from which a picture is emerging that O-GlcNAcylation, in either tumors or in immune cells, could negatively impact overall antitumor immune responses. We propose that interference with O-GlcNAcylation thus holds promise for cancer treatment from both perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Heieis
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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34
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Kerzel T, Giacca G, Beretta S, Bresesti C, Notaro M, Scotti GM, Balestrieri C, Canu T, Redegalli M, Pedica F, Genua M, Ostuni R, Kajaste-Rudnitski A, Oshima M, Tonon G, Merelli I, Aldrighetti L, Dellabona P, Coltella N, Doglioni C, Rancoita PMV, Sanvito F, Naldini L, Squadrito ML. In vivo macrophage engineering reshapes the tumor microenvironment leading to eradication of liver metastases. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1892-1910.e10. [PMID: 37863068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases are associated with poor response to current pharmacological treatments, including immunotherapy. We describe a lentiviral vector (LV) platform to selectively engineer liver macrophages, including Kupffer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), to deliver type I interferon (IFNα) to liver metastases. Gene-based IFNα delivery delays the growth of colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma liver metastases in mice. Response to IFNα is associated with TAM immune activation, enhanced MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation and reduced exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Conversely, increased IL-10 signaling, expansion of Eomes CD4+ T cells, a cell type displaying features of type I regulatory T (Tr1) cells, and CTLA-4 expression are associated with resistance to therapy. Targeting regulatory T cell functions by combinatorial CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade and IFNα LV delivery expands tumor-reactive T cells, attaining complete response in most mice. These findings support a promising therapeutic strategy with feasible translation to patients with unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kerzel
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giacca
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Bioinformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bresesti
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Notaro
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Scotti
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Redegalli
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions and Innate Immunity to Gene Transfer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- Bioinformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Coltella
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola M V Rancoita
- CUSSB University Center for Statistics in the Biomedical Science, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; GLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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35
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Zefferino R, Conese M. A Vaccine against Cancer: Can There Be a Possible Strategy to Face the Challenge? Possible Targets and Paradoxical Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 38006033 PMCID: PMC10674257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to have an available vaccine that eradicates cancer? Starting from this question, this article tries to verify the state of the art, proposing a different approach to the issue. The variety of cancers and different and often unknown causes of cancer impede, except in some cited cases, the creation of a classical vaccine directed at the causative agent. The efforts of the scientific community are oriented toward stimulating the immune systems of patients, thereby preventing immune evasion, and heightening chemotherapeutic agents effects against cancer. However, the results are not decisive, because without any warning signs, metastasis often occurs. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on a vaccine that must be administered to a patient in order to prevent metastasis; metastasis is an event that leads to death, and thus, preventing it could transform cancer into a chronic disease. We underline the fact that the field has not been studied in depth, and that the complexity of metastatic processes should not be underestimated. Then, with the aim of identifying the target of a cancer vaccine, we draw attention to the presence of the paradoxical actions of different mechanisms, pathways, molecules, and immune and non-immune cells characteristic of the tumor microenvironment at the primary site and pre-metastatic niche in order to exclude possible vaccine candidates that have opposite effects/behaviors; after a meticulous evaluation, we propose possible targets to develop a metastasis-targeting vaccine. We conclude that a change in the current concept of a cancer vaccine is needed, and the efforts of the scientific community should be redirected toward a metastasis-targeting vaccine, with the increasing hope of eradicating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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36
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Joachim L, Göttert S, Sax A, Steiger K, Neuhaus K, Heinrich P, Fan K, Orberg ET, Kleigrewe K, Ruland J, Bassermann F, Herr W, Posch C, Heidegger S, Poeck H. The microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine enhances T-cell priming and cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104834. [PMID: 37865045 PMCID: PMC10597767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-individual differences in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remain a major challenge in cancer treatment. The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with differential ICI outcome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and therapeutic modulation challenging. METHODS We established an in vivo model to treat C57Bl/6j mice with the type-I interferon (IFN-I)-modulating, bacterial-derived metabolite desaminotyrosine (DAT) to improve ICI therapy. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used to mimic gut microbial dysbiosis and associated ICI resistance. We utilized genetic mouse models to address the role of host IFN-I in DAT-modulated antitumour immunity. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed using 16S-rRNA sequencing analyses. FINDINGS We found that oral supplementation of mice with the microbial metabolite DAT delays tumour growth and promotes ICI immunotherapy with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1. DAT-enhanced antitumour immunity was associated with more activated T cells and natural killer cells in the tumour microenvironment and was dependent on host IFN-I signalling. Consistent with this, DAT potently enhanced expansion of antigen-specific T cells following vaccination with an IFN-I-inducing adjuvant. DAT supplementation in mice compensated for the negative effects of broad-spectrum antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on anti-CTLA-4-mediated antitumour immunity. Oral administration of DAT altered the gut microbial composition in mice with increased abundance of bacterial taxa that are associated with beneficial response to ICI immunotherapy. INTERPRETATION We introduce the therapeutic use of an IFN-I-modulating bacterial-derived metabolite to overcome resistance to ICI. This approach is a promising strategy particularly for patients with a history of broad-spectrum antibiotic use and associated loss of gut microbial diversity. FUNDING Melanoma Research Alliance, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, German Cancer Aid, Wilhelm Sander Foundation, Novartis Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Joachim
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Göttert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Sax
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kaiji Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Centre for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Heidegger
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany; Centre for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology (CITO), Regensburg, Germany; Bavarian Cancer Research Centre (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany.
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Holicek P, Fucikova J, Galluzzi L. Interferon signaling restrains renal cell carcinoma heterogeneity. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:871-873. [PMID: 37658022 PMCID: PMC11075004 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is central to cancer surveillance as it mediates both direct and immune-mediated oncosuppressive effects. A recent study by Perelli et al. suggests that the ability of renal cancer cells to tolerate complex karyotypic alterations elicited by chromosomal instability (CIN), and ultimately acquire full metastatic potential, is also negatively regulated by IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech a.s., Prague, Czech Republic; Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech a.s., Prague, Czech Republic; Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Mu M, Niu W, Chu F, Dong Q, Hu S, Niu C. CircSOBP suppresses the progression of glioma by disrupting glycolysis and promoting the MDA5-mediated immune response. iScience 2023; 26:107897. [PMID: 37766977 PMCID: PMC10520879 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, an aggressively growing and highly malignant brain tumor, poses substantial therapeutic challenges due to its resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recent research has identified circRNAs as pivotal players in glioma formation and development. However, the roles of circRNA in the metabolic and immune regulation of glioma are unclear. In this study, circSOBP expression was significantly downregulated in glioma cells and specimens. Functionally, enhanced circSOBP expression mitigated cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and glycolysis in gliomas. Mechanistically, circSOBP inhibited glycolysis and activated the MDA5-mediated IKKε/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway by binding TKFC proteins. Furthermore, the elevated levels of IFN-I induced by the MDA5 pathway increased the number and activity of CD8+ T and NK cells in the immune response of the animal models. In summary, our findings have emphasized the critical role of circSOBP in binding and modulating TKFC protein, offering potential therapeutic avenue for targeting glioma metabolism and immunological reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Wanxiang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qingsheng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Falcone N, Ermis M, Tamay DG, Mecwan M, Monirizad M, Mathes TG, Jucaud V, Choroomi A, de Barros NR, Zhu Y, Vrana NE, Kraatz HB, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Peptide Hydrogels as Immunomaterials and Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301096. [PMID: 37256647 PMCID: PMC10615713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogel biomaterials have emerged as an excellent strategy for immune system modulation. Peptide-based hydrogels are supramolecular materials that self-assemble into various nanostructures through various interactive forces (i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions) and respond to microenvironmental stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature). While they have been reported in numerous biomedical applications, they have recently been deemed promising candidates to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies and treatments. Immunotherapies seek to harness the body's immune system to preemptively protect against and treat various diseases, such as cancer. However, their low efficacy rates result in limited patient responses to treatment. Here, the immunomaterial's potential to improve these efficacy rates by either functioning as immune stimulators through direct immune system interactions and/or delivering a range of immune agents is highlighted. The chemical and physical properties of these peptide-based materials that lead to immuno modulation and how one may design a system to achieve desired immune responses in a controllable manner are discussed. Works in the literature that reports peptide hydrogels as adjuvant systems and for the delivery of immunotherapies are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and possible developments based on peptide hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilara Goksu Tamay
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Mahsa Monirizad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Tess Grett Mathes
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- SPARTHA Medical, CRBS 1 Rue Eugene Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
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Qin Z, Liu H, Sheng Q, Dan J, Wu X, Li H, Wang L, Zhang S, Yuan C, Yuan H, Wang H, Zhou R, Luo Y, Xie X. Mutant p53 leads to low-grade IFN-I-induced inflammation and impairs cGAS-STING signalling in mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250211. [PMID: 37377275 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a class of proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to viruses and environmental stimulations, resulting in chronic inflammation and even carcinogenesis. However, the connection between IFN-I and p53 mutation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated IFN-I status in the context of mutant p53 (p53N236S , p53S). We observed significant cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) derived from nuclear heterochromatin in p53S cells, along with an increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Further study revealed that p53S promoted cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and IFN-regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) expression, thus activating the IFN-I pathway. However, p53S/S mice were more susceptible to herpes simplex virus 1 infection, and the cGAS-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway showed a decline trend in p53S cells in response to poly(dA:dT) accompanied with decreased IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes, whereas the IRF9 increased in response to IFN-β stimulation. Our results illustrated the p53S mutation leads to low-grade IFN-I-induced inflammation via consistent low activation of the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis, and STAT1-IRF9 pathway, therefore, impairs the protective cGAS-STING signalling and IFN-I response encountered with exogenous DNA attack. These results suggested the dual molecular mechanisms of p53S mutation in inflammation regulation. Our results could be helping in further understanding of mutant p53 function in chronic inflammation and provide information for developing new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Qin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qihuan Sheng
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuojie Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Development on Common Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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41
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Grandits M, Chauhan J, Bax HJ. Anti-PD1 therapy outcome can be predicted by pre-therapy IFN-I responsiveness of T eff cells. Allergy 2023; 78:2562-2564. [PMID: 37119458 DOI: 10.1111/all.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Grandits
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Trono P, Tocci A, Palermo B, Di Carlo A, D'Ambrosio L, D'Andrea D, Di Modugno F, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Corleone G, Warren S, Paolini F, Panetta M, Sperduti I, Baldari S, Visca P, Carpano S, Cappuzzo F, Russo V, Tripodo C, Zucali P, Gregorc V, Marchesi F, Nistico P. hMENA isoforms regulate cancer intrinsic type I IFN signaling and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in NSCLC. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006913. [PMID: 37612043 PMCID: PMC10450042 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how cancer signaling pathways promote an immunosuppressive program which sustains acquired or primary resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a crucial step in improving immunotherapy efficacy. Among the pathways that can affect ICB response is the interferon (IFN) pathway that may be both detrimental and beneficial. The immune sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) induces IFN activation and secretion and is activated by actin cytoskeleton disturbance. The actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein hMENA, along with its isoforms, is a key signaling hub in different solid tumors, and recently its role as a regulator of transcription of genes encoding immunomodulatory secretory proteins has been proposed. When hMENA is expressed in tumor cells with low levels of the epithelial specific hMENA11a isoform, identifies non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor prognosis. Aim was to identify cancer intrinsic and extrinsic pathways regulated by hMENA11a downregulation as determinants of ICB response in NSCLC. Here, we present a potential novel mechanism of ICB resistance driven by hMENA11a downregulation. METHODS Effects of hMENA11a downregulation were tested by RNA-Seq, ATAC-Seq, flow cytometry and biochemical assays. ICB-treated patient tumor tissues were profiled by Nanostring IO 360 Panel enriched with hMENA custom probes. OAK and POPLAR datasets were used to validate our discovery cohort. RESULTS Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the depletion of hMENA11a induces IFN pathway activation, the production of different inflammatory mediators including IFNβ via RIG-I, sustains the increase of tumor PD-L1 levels and activates a paracrine loop between tumor cells and a unique macrophage subset favoring an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, when we translated our results in a clinical setting of NSCLC ICB-treated patients, transcriptomic analysis revealed that low expression of hMENA11a, high expression of IFN target genes and high macrophage score identify patients resistant to ICB therapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data establish a new function for the actin cytoskeleton regulator hMENA11a in modulating cancer cell intrinsic type I IFN signaling and extrinsic mechanisms that promote protumoral macrophages and favor EMT. These data highlight the role of actin cytoskeleton disturbance in activating immune suppressive pathways that may be involved in resistance to ICB in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Trono
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Carlo
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corleone
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francesca Paolini
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panetta
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Carpano
- Second Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Second Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucali
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nistico
- Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Ding H, Zhou Y, Yin Z, Tai S. Role of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cardiometabolic diseases. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1086-1097. [PMID: 37724412 PMCID: PMC10930035 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease is a common clinical syndrome with exact causal relationship between the aberrant of glucose/lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disfunction, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway regulates the activation of innate immunity by sensing intracellular double stranded DNA. Metabolic risk factors drive the activation of cGAS-STING pathway through mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway triggers chronic sterile inflammation, excessive activation of autophagy, senescence and apoptosis in related cells of cardiovascular system. These changes induced by cGAS-STING pathway might be implicated in the onset and deterioration of cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, the targeting intervention of cGAS-STING signaling pathway may emerge as a novel treatment for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan Hunan 411199
| | - Zhiyi Yin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shi Tai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
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44
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Carter EB, Pugh-Toole M, Kabil A, Boudreau JE, Nersesian S. The Canadian Society for Immunology's 34th annual meeting 2022: symposia minireview. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:79-83. [PMID: 36805942 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Immunology 2022 Annual Meeting (June 17-20, 2022) brought together immunologists from across the country to discuss current topics and cutting-edge research in immunology. Here we highlight the published work presented during three thematic symposia (1) Immune Development and Layered Immunity; (2) Primary Immune Deficiencies from Thymic Developmental Defects to Dysregulation and Inflammation; and (3) Opposing Inflammatory and Suppressive Regulation of Anti-Tumor Immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Carter
- The Trainee Engagement Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
| | - Morgan Pugh-Toole
- The Trainee Engagement Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kabil
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- The Trainee Engagement Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R5, Canada
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45
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Ying-Rui M, Bu-Fan B, Deng L, Rong S, Qian-Mei Z. Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199152. [PMID: 37448962 PMCID: PMC10338072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high occurrence rate globally and its treatment has demonstrated clinical efficacy with the use of systemic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Insufficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells within tumours are the primary factors responsible for the inadequate clinical effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) represents a pivotal protein in the innate immune response. Upon activation, STING triggers the activation and enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions, resulting in therapeutic benefits for malignant tumours. The STING signalling pathway in breast cancer is influenced by various factors such as deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, tumour immune microenvironment, and mitochondrial function. The use of STING agonists is gaining momentum in breast cancer research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-STING pathway, its agonists, and the latest findings related to their application in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ying-Rui
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai Bu-Fan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Deng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Rong
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qian-Mei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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46
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Weir SA, Kc K, Shoaib S, Yusuf N. The Immunotherapeutic Role of Type I and III Interferons in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1310. [PMID: 37374093 DOI: 10.3390/life13061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in various skin cancers, specifically squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and melanoma. The precise mechanism through which type I IFNs exert their antitumor effects in skin cancers is still being studied. However, intralesional type I IFN can be used as an alternative to surgery for select patient populations, and high-dose systemic IFN therapy has been shown to be promising in patients with operable high-risk or metastatic melanoma. Despite the therapeutic potential of IFNs in skin cancer treatment, the toxicity profile often prevents the completion of treatment and further expansion of its clinical application. Type I and III IFNs use the same Janus Kinases (JAKs) for signal transduction, which are pathways initiated at a cell surface receptor that mediates the activation of target genes in the nucleus, based on this shared signaling pathway. Due to selective tumor targeting and the ability to generate both innate and adaptive immune responses, we concluded that type III IFNs have minimal side effects compared with established treatments due to selective tumor targeting. While IFN-λ, a type III IFN, shows therapeutic potential as stand-alone or in combination with another IFN, further studies need to be conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of IFN-λ in skin cancer and the underlying physiological roles and mechanisms of action. In this review, we evaluate whether treatment of skin cancer with type III IFN will have minimal side effects compared with established treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A Weir
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kailash Kc
- School of Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL 36303, USA
| | - Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, UP, India
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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47
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Andrews LJ, Davies P, Herbert C, Kurian KM. Pre-diagnostic blood biomarkers for adult glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163289. [PMID: 37265788 PMCID: PMC10229864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults, of which, glioblastoma is the most prevalent and malignant entity. Glioma is often diagnosed at a later stage of disease progression, which means it is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, there is a need for earlier diagnosis of these tumours, which would require sensitive and specific biomarkers. These biomarkers could better predict glioma onset to improve diagnosis and therapeutic options for patients. While liquid biopsies could provide a cheap and non-invasive test to improve the earlier detection of glioma, there is little known on pre-diagnostic biomarkers which predate disease detection. In this review, we examine the evidence in the literature for pre-diagnostic biomarkers in glioma, including metabolomics and proteomics. We also consider the limitations of these approaches and future research directions of pre-diagnostic biomarkers for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily J. Andrews
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Davies
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Herbert
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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48
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Wotman KL, Chow L, Martabano B, Pezzanite LM, Dow S. Novel ocular immunotherapy induces tumor regression in an equine model of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1185-1198. [PMID: 36367558 PMCID: PMC10992022 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the major cause of corneal cancer in man and horses worldwide, and the prevalence of OSSN is increasing due to greater UVB exposure globally. Currently, there are no approved treatments for OSSN in either species, and most patients are managed with surgical excision or off-label treatment with locally injected interferon alpha, or topically applied cytotoxic drugs such as mitomycin C. A more broadly effective and readily applied immunotherapy could exert a significant impact on management of OSSN worldwide. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of a liposomal TLR complex (LTC) immunotherapy, which previously demonstrated strong antiviral activity in multiple animal models following mucosal application, for ocular antitumor activity in a horse spontaneous OSSN model. In vitro studies demonstrated strong activation of interferon responses in horse leukocytes by LTC and suppression of OSSN cell growth and migration. In a trial of 8 horses (9 eyes), treatment with topical or perilesional LTC resulted in an overall tumor response rate of 67%, including durable regression of large OSSN tumors. Repeated treatment with LTC ocular immunotherapy was also very well tolerated clinically. We conclude therefore that ocular immunotherapy with LTC warrants further investigation as a novel approach to management of OSSN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wotman
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brittany Martabano
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lynn M Pezzanite
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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49
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Su HC, Jing H, Zhang Y, Casanova JL. Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:561-585. [PMID: 37126418 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons. They are also congruent with cellular studies and mouse models that found that type I interferons can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo, while their absence or diminution unleashes viral growth. Collectively, these findings point to insufficient type I interferon during the first days of infection as a general mechanism underlying critical COVID-19 pneumonia, with implications for treatment and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Huie Jing
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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50
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Holicek P, Truxova I, Rakova J, Salek C, Hensler M, Kovar M, Reinis M, Mikyskova R, Pasulka J, Vosahlikova S, Remesova H, Valentova I, Lysak D, Holubova M, Kaspar P, Prochazka J, Kasikova L, Spisek R, Galluzzi L, Fucikova J. Type I interferon signaling in malignant blasts contributes to treatment efficacy in AML patients. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:209. [PMID: 36964168 PMCID: PMC10039058 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
While type I interferon (IFN) is best known for its key role against viral infection, accumulating preclinical and clinical data indicate that robust type I IFN production in the tumor microenvironment promotes cancer immunosurveillance and contributes to the efficacy of various antineoplastic agents, notably immunogenic cell death inducers. Here, we report that malignant blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) release type I IFN via a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent mechanism that is not driven by treatment. While in these patients the ability of type I IFN to stimulate anticancer immune responses was abolished by immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by malignant blasts, type I IFN turned out to exert direct cytostatic, cytotoxic and chemosensitizing activity in primary AML blasts, leukemic stem cells from AML patients and AML xenograft models. Finally, a genetic signature of type I IFN signaling was found to have independent prognostic value on relapse-free survival and overall survival in a cohort of 132 AML patients. These findings delineate a clinically relevant, therapeutically actionable and prognostically informative mechanism through which type I IFN mediates beneficial effects in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Cyril Salek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Reinis
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Mikyskova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Hana Remesova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Valentova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaspar
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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