1
|
Bergmann U. Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y. [PMID: 38619702 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core-hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freibert A, Mendive-Tapia D, Huse N, Vendrell O. Time-Dependent Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Pyrazine at the Nitrogen K-Edge: A Quantum Dynamics Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2167-2180. [PMID: 38315564 PMCID: PMC10938531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We calculate resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of pyrazine at the nitrogen K-edge in the time domain including wavepacket dynamics in both the valence and core-excited state manifolds. Upon resonant excitation, we observe ultrafast non-adiabatic population transfer between core-excited states within the core-hole lifetime, leading to molecular symmetry distortions. Importantly, our time-domain approach inherently contains the ability to manipulate the dynamics of this process by detuning the excitation energy, which effectively shortens the scattering duration. We also explore the impact of pulsed incident X-ray radiation, which provides a foundation for state-of-the-art time-resolved experiments with coherent pulsed light sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Huse
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Dijkstal P, Reiche S, Schnorr K, Prat E. Millijoule Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from an Efficient Fresh-Slice Multistage Free-Electron Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:035002. [PMID: 38307082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We present the generation of x-ray pulses with average pulse energies up to one millijoule and rms pulse durations down to the femtosecond level. We have produced these intense and short pulses by employing the fresh-slice multistage amplification scheme with a transversely tilted electron beam in a free-electron laser. In this scheme, a short pulse is produced in the first stage and later amplified by fresh parts of the electron bunch in up to a total of four stages of amplification. Our implementation is efficient, since practically the full electron beam contributes to produce the x-ray pulse. Our implementation is also compact, utilizing only 32 m of undulator. The demonstration was done at Athos, the soft x-ray beamline of SwissFEL, which was designed with high flexibility to take full advantage of the multistage amplification scheme. It opens the door for scientific opportunities following ultrafast dynamics using nonlinear x-ray spectroscopy techniques or avoiding electronic damage when capturing structures with a single intense pulse via single-particle imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garratt D, Matthews M, Marangos J. Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:010901. [PMID: 38250136 PMCID: PMC10799687 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Janesko BG. Core-Projected Hybrids Fix Systematic Errors in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Predicted Core-Electron Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37437304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely applied to valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excitations but, in its current form, makes large errors for core-electron excitations. This work demonstrates that the admixture of nonlocal exact exchange in atomic core regions significantly improves TDDFT-predicted core excitations. Exact exchange admixture is accomplished using projected hybrid density functional theory [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 837-847]. Scalar relativistic TDDFT calculations using core-projected B3LYP accurately model core excitations of second-period elements C-F and third-period elements Si-Cl, without sacrificing performance for the relative shifts of core excitation energies. Predicted K-edge X-ray near absorption edge structure (XANES) of a series of sulfur standards highlight the value of this approach. Core-projected hybrids appear to be a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for core excitations, in the way that long-range-corrected hybrids are a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for Rydberg and charge-transfer excitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Major advances in X-ray sources including the development of circularly polarized and orbital angular momentum pulses make it possible to probe matter chirality at unprecedented energy regimes and with Ångström and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolutions. We survey the theory of stationary and time-resolved nonlinear chiral measurements that can be carried out in the X-ray regime using tabletop X-ray sources or large scale (XFEL, synchrotron) facilities. A variety of possible signals and their information content are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy R Rouxel
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fouda AEA, Koulentianos D, Young L, Doumy G, Ho PJ. Resonant double-core excitations with ultrafast, intense X-ray pulses. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2133749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. A. Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dimitris Koulentianos
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Phay J. Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Observation of site-selective chemical bond changes via ultrafast chemical shifts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7170. [PMID: 36418902 PMCID: PMC9684563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The concomitant motion of electrons and nuclei on the femtosecond time scale marks the fate of chemical and biological processes. Here we demonstrate the ability to initiate and track the ultrafast electron rearrangement and chemical bond breaking site-specifically in real time for the carbon monoxide diatomic molecule. We employ a local resonant x-ray pump at the oxygen atom and probe the chemical shifts of the carbon core-electron binding energy. We observe charge redistribution accompanying core-excitation followed by Auger decay, eventually leading to dissociation and hole trapping at one site of the molecule. The presented technique is general in nature with sensitivity to chemical environment changes including transient electronic excited state dynamics. This work provides a route to investigate energy and charge transport processes in more complex systems by tracking selective chemical bond changes on their natural timescale.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen X, Cao W, Mi K, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Lu P. Decaying and revival dynamics of molecules revealed by attosecond wave-mixing spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5646-5649. [PMID: 37219292 DOI: 10.1364/ol.472372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the decaying dynamics in model molecules by using attosecond wave-mixing spectroscopy. We find that transient wave-mixing signal in molecular systems can be used to measure the lifetimes of vibrational states with attosecond time resolution. Typically, there are many vibrational states in the molecular system, and the molecular wave-mixing signal with a specific energy at a specific emitting angle is contributed by many possible wave-mixing pathways. In addition, the vibrational revival phenomenon in the previous ion detection experiments has also been observed in this all-optical approach. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, route for the decaying dynamics detection and wave packet control of molecular systems.
Collapse
|
11
|
Schwickert D, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Przystawik A, Skruszewicz S, Sumfleth M, Braune M, Bocklage L, Carretero L, Czwalinna MK, Diaman D, Düsterer S, Kuhlmann M, Palutke S, Röhlsberger R, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Toleikis S, Usenko S, Viefhaus J, Vorobiov A, Martins M, Kip D, Averbukh V, Marangos JP, Laarmann T. Charge-induced chemical dynamics in glycine probed with time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:064301. [PMID: 36389279 PMCID: PMC9646253 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present contribution, we use x-rays to monitor charge-induced chemical dynamics in the photoionized amino acid glycine with femtosecond time resolution. The outgoing photoelectron leaves behind the cation in a coherent superposition of quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced coherence through resonant x-ray absorption that induces Auger decay. Temporal modulation of the Auger electron signal correlated with specific ions is observed, which is governed by the initial electronic coherence and subsequent vibronic coupling to nuclear degrees of freedom. In the time-resolved x-ray absorption measurement, we monitor the time-frequency spectra of the resulting many-body quantum wave packets for a period of 175 fs along different reaction coordinates. Our experiment proves that by measuring specific fragments associated with the glycine dication as a function of the pump-probe delay, one can selectively probe electronic coherences at early times associated with a few distinguishable components of the broad electronic wave packet created initially by the pump pulse in the cation. The corresponding coherent superpositions formed by subsets of electronic eigenstates and evolving along parallel dynamical pathways show different phases and time periods in the range of ( - 0.3 ± 0.1 ) π ≤ ϕ ≤ ( 0.1 ± 0.2 ) π and 18.2 - 1.4 + 1.7 ≤ T ≤ 23.9 - 1.1 + 1.2 fs. Furthermore, for long delays, the data allow us to pinpoint the driving vibrational modes of chemical dynamics mediating charge-induced bond cleavage along different reaction coordinates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schwickert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Sumfleth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luis Carretero
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dian Diaman
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Vorobiov
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Kip
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uhl D, Wituschek A, Michiels R, Trinter F, Jahnke T, Allaria E, Callegari C, Danailov M, Di Fraia M, Plekan O, Bangert U, Dulitz K, Landmesser F, Michelbach M, Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Spampinati S, Penco G, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Laarmann T, Mudrich M, Prince KC, Cerullo G, Giannessi L, Stienkemeier F, Bruder L. Extreme Ultraviolet Wave Packet Interferometry of the Autoionizing HeNe Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8470-8476. [PMID: 36054027 PMCID: PMC9486932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet wave packet interferometry (XUV-WPI) was applied to study resonant interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) in the HeNe dimer. The high demands on phase stability and sensitivity for vibronic XUV-WPI of molecular-beam targets are met using an XUV phase-cycling scheme. The detected quantum interferences exhibit vibronic dephasing and rephasing signatures along with an ultrafast decoherence assigned to the ICD process. A Fourier analysis reveals the molecular absorption spectrum with high resolution. The demonstrated experiment shows a promising route for the real-time analysis of ultrafast ICD processes with both high temporal and high spectral resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uhl
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wituschek
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Michiels
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Molecular
Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ulrich Bangert
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Landmesser
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Michelbach
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Spampinati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard James Squibb
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR
and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico
di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori
Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Freixas VM, Keefer D, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mukamel S. Ultrafast coherent photoexcited dynamics in a trimeric dendrimer probed by X-ray stimulated-Raman signals. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6373-6384. [PMID: 35733898 PMCID: PMC9159119 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced ultrafast coherent inter-chromophore energy redistribution in a triarylamine trimer is explored using nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics followed by simulations of X-ray Raman signals. The nitrogencentered system ensures strong interchromophore interactions and, thus, the presence of coherences. Nevertheless, the multitude of non-deterministic photoinduced pathways during the ultrafast inter-branch migration of the excitation results in random confinement on some branches and, therefore, spatial exciton scrambling and loss of phase information at long times. We show that the vibronic coherence dynamics evolving into the incoherent scrambling mechanism on ultrafast 50 fs timescale, is accurately probed by the TRUECARS X-ray stimulated Raman signal. In combination with previous results, where the technique has revealed long-lived coherences in a rigid heterodimer, the signal is most valuable for detecting ultrafast molecular coherences or their absence. We demonstrate that X-ray Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool in the chemical design of functional molecular building blocks. The photoinduced ultrafast coherent inter-chromophore energy redistribution in a triarylamine trimer is explored using nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics followed by simulations of X-ray Raman signals.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Nisoli M. Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:066401. [PMID: 35294930 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Makarov DN, Makarova KA, Kharlamova AA. Specificity of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses by molecules with polyatomic structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4976. [PMID: 35322132 PMCID: PMC8942989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses (USP) is the basis of diffraction analysis of matter using modern USP sources. At present, the peculiarities of interaction of USP with complex structures are not well developed. In general, the research focuses on the features of the interaction of USP with simple systems, these are atoms and simple molecules. Here we present a theory of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses on molecules with a multi-atomic structure, taking into account the specifics of the interaction of USP with such a substance. The simplicity of the obtained expressions allows them to be used in diffraction analysis. As an example, the scattering spectra of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are presented. It is shown that the theory developed here is more general in the scattering theory and passes into the previously known one if we consider the duration of the USP to be sufficiently long.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Makarov
- Laboratory of Diagnostics of Carbon Materials and Spin-Optical Phenomena in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002.
| | - K A Makarova
- Laboratory of Diagnostics of Carbon Materials and Spin-Optical Phenomena in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002
| | - A A Kharlamova
- Laboratory of Diagnostics of Carbon Materials and Spin-Optical Phenomena in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Kroll T, Weninger C, Michine Y, Fuller FD, Zhu D, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D, Lutman AA, Halavanau A, Pellegrini C, Benediktovitch A, Yabashi M, Inoue I, Inubushi Y, Osaka T, Yamada J, Babu G, Salpekar D, Sayed FN, Ajayan PM, Kern J, Yano J, Yachandra VK, Yoneda H, Rohringer N, Bergmann U. Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119616119. [PMID: 35290124 PMCID: PMC8944280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119616119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. The experimental realization of such techniques will strongly benefit from access to intense, coherent pairs of femtosecond X-ray pulses. We have observed phase-stable X-ray pulse pairs containing more than 3 × 107 photons at 5.9 keV (2.1 Å) with ∼1 fs duration and 2 to 5 fs separation. The highly directional pulse pairs are manifested by interference fringes in the superfluorescent and seeded stimulated manganese Kα emission induced by an X-ray free-electron laser. The fringes constitute the time-frequency X-ray analog of Young’s double-slit interference, allowing for frequency domain X-ray measurements with attosecond time resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 224 84, Sweden
| | - Yurina Michine
- Institute for Laser Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu,Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Franklin D. Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Alberto A. Lutman
- Linac & FEL Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Aliaksei Halavanau
- Accelerator Research Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Claudio Pellegrini
- Accelerator Research Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Andrei Benediktovitch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taito Osaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ganguli Babu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Devashish Salpekar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Farheen N. Sayed
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hitoki Yoneda
- Institute for Laser Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu,Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Nina Rohringer
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Multidimensional optical spectra are measured from the response of a material system to a sequence of laser pulses and have the capacity to elucidate specific molecular interactions and dynamics whose influences are absent or obscured in a conventional linear absorption spectrum. Interpretation of complex spectra is supported by theoretical modeling of the spectroscopic observable, requiring implementation of quantum dynamics for coupled electrons and nuclei. Performing numerically correct quantum dynamics in this context may pose computational challenges, particularly in the condensed phase. Semiclassical methods based on calculating classical trajectories offer a practical alternative. Here I review the recent application of some semiclassical, trajectory-based methods to nonlinear molecular vibrational and electronic spectra. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger F. Loring
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kochetov V, Bokarev SI. RhoDyn: A ρ-TD-RASCI Framework to Study Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:46-58. [PMID: 34965135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the program module RhoDyn as part of the OpenMOLCAS project intended to study ultrafast electron dynamics within the density-matrix-based time-dependent restricted active space configuration interaction framework (ρ-TD-RASCI). The formalism allows for the treatment of spin-orbit coupling effects, accounts for nuclear vibrations in the form of a vibrational heat bath, and naturally incorporates (auto)ionization effects. Apart from describing the theory behind and the program workflow, the paper also contains examples of its application to the simulations of the linear L2,3 absorption spectra of a titanium complex, high harmonic generation in the hydrogen molecule, ultrafast charge migration in benzene and iodoacetylene, and spin-flip dynamics in the core excited states of iron complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Makarov D, Kharlamova A. Scattering of X-ray Ultrashort Pulses by Complex Polyatomic Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010163. [PMID: 35008584 PMCID: PMC8745671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The scattering of X-ray ultrashort pulses (USPs) is an important aspect of the diffraction analysis of matter using modern USP sources. The theoretical basis, which considers the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with complex polyatomic structures, is currently not well developed. In general, research is focused on the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with simple systems—these are atoms and simple molecules. In this work, a theory of scattering of X-ray ultrashort pulses by complex polyatomic structures is developed, considering the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with such a substance. The obtained expressions have a rather simple analytical form, which allows them to be used in diffraction analysis. As an example, it is shown that the obtained expressions can be used to study the structures of deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) acids.
Collapse
|
21
|
Loe CM, Liekhus-Schmaltz C, Govind N, Khalil M. Spectral Signatures of Ultrafast Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer from Computational Multi-edge Transient X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9840-9847. [PMID: 34606267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is a fundamental chemical process with several applications. Ultrafast ESIPT involves coupled electronic and atomic motions and has been primarily studied using femtosecond optical spectroscopy. X-ray spectroscopy is particularly useful because it is element-specific and enables direct, individual probes of the proton-donating and -accepting atoms. Herein, we report a computational study to resolve the ESIPT in 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ), an intramolecularly hydrogen bonded compound. We use linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) combined with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) computations to track the ultrafast excited-state dynamics. Our results reveal clear X-ray spectral signatures of coupled electronic and atomic motions during and following ESIPT at the oxygen and nitrogen K-edge, paving the way for future experiments at X-ray free electron lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Loe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ratner D, Christie F, Cryan JP, Edelen A, Lutman A, Zhang X. Recovering the phase and amplitude of X-ray FEL pulses using neural networks and differentiable models. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:20336-20352. [PMID: 34266125 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics experiments are an important use-case for X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), but time-domain measurements of the X-ray pulses themselves remain a challenge. Shot-by-shot X-ray diagnostics could enable a new class of simpler and potentially higher-resolution pump-probe experiments. Here, we report training neural networks to combine low-resolution measurements in both the time and frequency domains to recover X-ray pulses at high-resolution. Critically, we also recover the phase, opening the door to coherent-control experiments with XFELs. The model-based generative neural-network architecture can be trained directly on unlabeled experimental data and is fast enough for real-time analysis on the new generation of MHz XFELs.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fouda AEA, Ho PJ. Site-specific generation of excited state wavepackets with high-intensity attosecond x rays. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224111. [PMID: 34241215 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity attosecond x rays can produce coherent superpositions of valence-excited states through two-photon Raman transitions. The broad-bandwidth, high-field nature of the pulses results in a multitude of accessible excited states. Multiconfigurational quantum chemistry with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is used to examine population transfer dynamics in stimulated x-ray Raman scattering of the nitric oxide oxygen and nitrogen K-edges. Two pulse schemes initiate wavepackets of different characters and demonstrate how chemical differences between core-excitation pathways affect the dynamics. The population transfer to valence-excited states is found to be sensitive to the electronic structure and pulse conditions, highlighting complexities attributed to the Rabi frequency. The orthogonally polarized two-color-pulse setup has increased selectivity while facilitating longer, less intense pulses than the one-pulse setup. Population transfer in the 1s → Rydberg region is more effective but less selective at the nitrogen K-edge; the selectivity is reduced by double core-excited states. Result interpretation is aided by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E A Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Stooß V, Magunia A, Birk P, Borisova GD, da Costa Castanheira C, Rupprecht P, Mi Y, Gaumnitz T, Loh ZH, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV pump-XUV probe transient absorption spectroscopy at FELs. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:519-536. [PMID: 33575691 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of ultra-intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) has opened the door for the experimental realization of non-linear XUV and X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Here we demonstrate an experimental setup for an all-XUV transient absorption spectroscopy method for gas-phase targets at the FEL. The setup combines a high spectral resolving power of E/ΔE ≈ 1500 with sub-femtosecond interferometric resolution, and covers a broad XUV photon-energy range between approximately 20 and 110 eV. We demonstrate the feasibility of this setup firstly on a neon target. Here, we intensity- and time-resolve key aspects of non-linear XUV-FEL light-matter interactions, namely the non-resonant ionization dynamics and resonant coupling dynamics of bound states, including XUV-induced Stark shifts of energy levels. Secondly, we show that this setup is capable of tracking the XUV-initiated dissociation dynamics of small molecular targets (oxygen and diiodomethane) with site-specific resolution, by measuring the XUV transient absorption spectrum. In general, benefitting from a single-shot detection capability, we show that the setup and method provides single-shot phase-locked XUV pulse pairs. This lays the foundation to perform, in the future, experiments as a function of the XUV interferometric time delay and the relative phase, which enables advanced coherent non-linear spectroscopy schemes in the XUV and X-ray spectral range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peuss-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peuss-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gu B, Cavaletto SM, Nascimento DR, Khalil M, Govind N, Mukamel S. Manipulating valence and core electronic excitations of a transition-metal complex using UV/Vis and X-ray cavities. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8088-8095. [PMID: 34194698 PMCID: PMC8208133 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how optical cavities can be exploited to control both valence- and core-excitations in a prototypical model transition metal complex, ferricyanide ([Fe(iii)(CN)6]3-), in an aqueous environment. The spectroscopic signatures of hybrid light-matter polariton states are revealed in UV/Vis and X-ray absorption, and stimulated X-ray Raman signals. In an UV/Vis cavity, the absorption spectrum exhibits the single-polariton states arising from the cavity photon mode coupling to both resonant and off-resonant valence-excited states. We further show that nonlinear stimulated X-ray Raman signals can selectively probe the bipolariton states via cavity-modified Fe core-excited states. This unveils the correlation between valence polaritons and dressed core-excitations. In an X-ray cavity, core-polaritons are generated and their correlations with the bare valence-excitations appear in the linear and nonlinear X-ray spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Daniel R Nascimento
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ferrante C, Principi E, Marini A, Batignani G, Fumero G, Virga A, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Simoncig A, Spezzani C, Masciovecchio C, Scopigno T. Non-linear self-driven spectral tuning of Extreme Ultraviolet Femtosecond Pulses in monoatomic materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:92. [PMID: 33911069 PMCID: PMC8080687 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-action nonlinearity is a key aspect - either as a foundational element or a detrimental factor - of several optical spectroscopies and photonic devices. Supercontinuum generation, wavelength converters, and chirped pulse amplification are just a few examples. The recent advent of Free Electron Lasers (FEL) fostered building on nonlinearity to propose new concepts and extend optical wavelengths paradigms for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray regimes. No evidence for intrapulse dynamics, however, has been reported at such short wavelengths, where the light-matter interactions are ruled by the sharp absorption edges of core electrons. Here, we provide experimental evidence for self-phase modulation of femtosecond FEL pulses, which we exploit for fine self-driven spectral tunability by interaction with sub-micrometric foils of selected monoatomic materials. Moving the pulse wavelength across the absorption edge, the spectral profile changes from a non-linear spectral blue-shift to a red-shifted broadening. These findings are rationalized accounting for ultrafast ionization and delayed thermal response of highly excited electrons above and below threshold, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carino Ferrante
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Principi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Batignani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fumero
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Virga
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tullio Scopigno
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lüttig J, Brixner T, Malý P. Anisotropy in fifth-order exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154202. [PMID: 33887932 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional (EEI2D) spectroscopy is a fifth-order variant of 2D electronic spectroscopy. It can be used to probe biexciton dynamics in molecular systems and to observe exciton diffusion in extended systems such as polymers or light-harvesting complexes. The exciton transport strongly depends on the geometrical and energetic landscape and its perturbations. These can be of both local character, such as molecular orientation and energetic disorder, and long-range character, such as polymer kinks and structural domains. In the present theoretical work, we investigate the anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy. We introduce a general approach for how to calculate the anisotropy by using the response-function formalism in an efficient way. In numerical simulations, using a Frenkel exciton model with Redfield-theory dynamics, we demonstrate how the measurement of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy can be used to identify various geometrical effects on exciton transport in dimers and polymers. Investigating a molecular heterodimer as an example, we demonstrate the utility of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy for disentangling dynamic localization and annihilation. We further calculate the annihilation in extended systems such as conjugated polymers. In a polymer, a change in the anisotropy provides a unique signature for exciton transport between differently oriented sections. We analyze three types of geometry variations in polymers: a kink, varying geometric and energetic disorder, and different geometric domains. Our findings underline that employing anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy provides a way to distinguish between different geometries and can be used to obtain a better understanding of long-range exciton transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duris JP, MacArthur JP, Glownia JM, Li S, Vetter S, Miahnahri A, Coffee R, Hering P, Fry A, Welch ME, Lutman A, Decker FJ, Bohler D, Mock JA, Xu C, Gumerlock K, May JE, Cedillos A, Kraft E, Carrasco MA, Smith BE, Chieffo LR, Xu JZ, Cryan JP, Huang Z, Zholents A, Marinelli A. Controllable X-Ray Pulse Trains from Enhanced Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:104802. [PMID: 33784160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the demonstration of optical compression of an electron beam and the production of controllable trains of femtosecond, soft x-ray pulses with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser (FEL). This is achieved by enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission with a 2 μm laser and a dechirper device. Optical compression was achieved by modulating the energy of an electron beam with the laser and then compressing with a chicane, resulting in high current spikes on the beam which we observe to lase. A dechirper was then used to selectively control the lasing region of the electron beam. Field autocorrelation measurements indicate a train of pulses, and we find that the number of pulses within the train can be controlled (from 1 to 5 pulses) by varying the dechirper position and undulator taper. These results are a step toward attosecond spectroscopy with x-ray FELs as well as future FEL schemes relying on optical compression of an electron beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sharon Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Miahnahri
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philippe Hering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Marc E Welch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Dorian Bohler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeremy A Mock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Karl Gumerlock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Justin E May
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Antonio Cedillos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Eugene Kraft
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Manuel A Carrasco
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Brian E Smith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Joseph Z Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Coherent control of quantum dynamics is key to a multitude of fundamental studies and applications1. In the visible or longer-wavelength domains, near-resonant light fields have become the primary tool with which to control electron dynamics2. Recently, coherent control in the extreme-ultraviolet range was demonstrated3, with a few-attosecond temporal resolution of the phase control. At hard-X-ray energies (above 5–10 kiloelectronvolts), Mössbauer nuclei feature narrow nuclear resonances due to their recoilless absorption and emission of light, and spectroscopy of these resonances is widely used to study the magnetic, structural and dynamical properties of matter4,5. It has been shown that the power and scope of Mössbauer spectroscopy can be greatly improved using various control techniques6–16. However, coherent control of atomic nuclei using suitably shaped near-resonant X-ray fields remains an open challenge. Here we demonstrate such control, and use the tunable phase between two X-ray pulses to switch the nuclear exciton dynamics between coherent enhanced excitation and coherent enhanced emission. We present a method of shaping single pulses delivered by state-of-the-art X-ray facilities into tunable double pulses, and demonstrate a temporal stability of the phase control on the few-zeptosecond timescale. Our results unlock coherent optical control for nuclei, and pave the way for nuclear Ramsey spectroscopy17 and spin-echo-like techniques, which should not only advance nuclear quantum optics18, but also help to realize X-ray clocks and frequency standards19. In the long term, we envision time-resolved studies of nuclear out-of-equilibrium dynamics, which is a long-standing challenge in Mössbauer science20. Suitably shaped X-ray pulses are used to coherently steer the quantum dynamics of atoms’ nuclei rather than their electrons, with few-zeptosecond temporal stability of the phase control.
Collapse
|
30
|
Eseev MK, Goshev AA, Makarova KA, Makarov DN. X-ray diffraction analysis of matter taking into account the second harmonic in the scattering of powerful ultrashort pulses of an electromagnetic field. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3571. [PMID: 33574452 PMCID: PMC7878778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the scattering of ultrashort pulses (USPs) of an electromagnetic field in the X-ray frequency range can be used in diffraction analysis. When such USPs are scattered by various polyatomic objects, a diffraction pattern appears from which the structure of the object can be determined. Today, there is a technical possibility of creating powerful USP sources and the analysis of the scattering spectra of such pulses is a high-precision instrument for studying the structure of matter. As a rule, such scattering occurs at a frequency close to the carrier frequency of the incident USP. In this work, it is shown that for high-power USPs, where the magnetic component of USPs cannot be neglected, scattering at the second harmonic appears. The scattering of USPs by the second harmonic has a characteristic diffraction pattern which can be used to judge the structure of the scattering object; combining the scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics therefore greatly enhances the diffraction analysis of matter. Scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics are shown for various polyatomic objects: examples considered are 2D and 3D materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and hybrid structures consisting of nanotubes. The theory developed in this work can be applied to various multivolume objects and is quite simple for X-ray structural analysis, because it is based on analytical expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Eseev
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002
| | - A A Goshev
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002
| | - K A Makarova
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002
| | - D N Makarov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gu B, Nenov A, Segatta F, Garavelli M, Mukamel S. Manipulating Core Excitations in Molecules by X-Ray Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:053201. [PMID: 33605757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Core excitations on different atoms are highly localized and therefore decoupled. By placing molecules in an x-ray cavity the core transitions become coupled via the exchange of cavity photons and form delocalized hybrid light-matter excitations known as core polaritons. We demonstrate these effects for the two inequivalent carbon atoms in 1,1-difluoroethylene. Polariton signatures in the x-ray absorption, two-photon absorption, and multidimensional four-wave mixing signals are predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Measuring the frequency chirp of extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses by transient absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:643. [PMID: 33510142 PMCID: PMC7843717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity ultrashort pulses at extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and x-ray photon energies, delivered by state-of-the-art free-electron lasers (FELs), are revolutionizing the field of ultrafast spectroscopy. For crossing the next frontiers of research, precise, reliable and practical photonic tools for the spectro-temporal characterization of the pulses are becoming steadily more important. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a technique for the direct measurement of the frequency chirp of extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses based on fundamental nonlinear optics. It is implemented in XUV-only pump-probe transient-absorption geometry and provides in-situ information on the time-energy structure of FEL pulses. Using a rate-equation model for the time-dependent absorbance changes of an ionized neon target, we show how the frequency chirp can be directly extracted and quantified from measured data. Since the method does not rely on an additional external field, we expect a widespread implementation at FELs benefiting multiple science fields by in-situ on-target measurement and optimization of FEL-pulse properties. Free-electron laser pulses generated from self-amplification of spontaneous emission scheme vary from one another in their characteristics. Here the authors demonstrate a transient absorption spectroscopy method to characterize the frequency chirp of the FEL pulses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mi K, Cao W, Xu H, Zhang Q, Lu P. Method for high precision measurement of decaying dynamics using attosecond wave-mixing spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2798-2808. [PMID: 33726469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast wave-mixing spectroscopies involving extreme ultraviolet (EUV) attosecond pulses provide unprecedented insight into electronic dynamics. Here, we proposed a versatile lifetime-detection method for doubly excited states with odd or even parities by mixing an attosecond EUV pulse with two few-cycle near infrared (NIR) pulses in atomic helium under a noncollinear geometry. By properly choosing the time order of the pulse sequence, the spatially resolved nonlinear signals carry significant information of the decaying dynamics of excited states, which can be utilized to retrieve the lifetimes of states with different parities in a single measurement. The validity and robustness of the method has been verified by numerical simulations based on a few-level model of helium including the spatial distribution of atoms. The accuracy of the lifetime measurement method is better than a few hundred attoseconds. It provides a powerful tool for probing decaying dynamics of the electronic wave packet with superb resolution.
Collapse
|
34
|
Eichmann U, Rottke H, Meise S, Rubensson JE, Söderström J, Agåker M, Såthe C, Meyer M, Baumann TM, Boll R, De Fanis A, Grychtol P, Ilchen M, Mazza T, Montano J, Music V, Ovcharenko Y, Rivas DE, Serkez S, Wagner R, Eisebitt S. Photon-recoil imaging: Expanding the view of nonlinear x-ray physics. Science 2020; 369:1630-1633. [PMID: 32973029 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Addressing the ultrafast coherent evolution of electronic wave functions has long been a goal of nonlinear x-ray physics. A first step toward this goal is the investigation of stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (SXRS) using intense pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser. Earlier SXRS experiments relied on signal amplification during pulse propagation through dense resonant media. By contrast, our method reveals the fundamental process in which photons from the primary radiation source directly interact with a single atom. We introduce an experimental protocol in which scattered neutral atoms rather than scattered photons are detected. We present SXRS measurements at the neon K edge and a quantitative theoretical analysis. The method should become a powerful tool in the exploration of nonlinear x-ray physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Eichmann
- Max Born Institute, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - H Rottke
- Max Born Institute, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Meise
- Max Born Institute, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J-E Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Söderström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Agåker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.,MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Såthe
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - R Boll
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A De Fanis
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P Grychtol
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Ilchen
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany.,Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J Montano
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - V Music
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany.,Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - D E Rivas
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Serkez
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R Wagner
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Eisebitt
- Max Born Institute, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wituschek A, Bruder L, Allaria E, Bangert U, Binz M, Callegari C, Cinquegrana P, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Di Fraia M, Feifel R, Laarmann T, Michiels R, Mudrich M, Nikolov I, Piseri P, Plekan O, Charles Prince K, Przystawik A, Rebernic Ribič P, Sigalotti P, Stranges S, Uhl D, Giannessi L, Stienkemeier F. High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29976-29990. [PMID: 33114885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collinear double-pulse seeding of the High-Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) process in a free-electron laser (FEL) is a promising approach to facilitate various coherent nonlinear spectroscopy schemes in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. However, in collinear arrangements using a single nonlinear medium, temporally overlapping seed pulses may introduce nonlinear mixing signals that compromise the experiment at short time delays. Here, we investigate these effects in detail by extending the analysis described in a recent publication (Wituschek et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 883, 2020). High-order fringe-resolved autocorrelation and wave packet interferometry experiments at photon energies > 23 eV are performed, accompanied by numerical simulations. It turns out that both the autocorrelation and the wave-packet interferometry data are very sensitive to saturation effects and can thus be used to characterize saturation in the HGHG process. Our results further imply that time-resolved spectroscopy experiments are feasible even for time delays smaller than the seed pulse duration.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wasielewski MR, Forbes MDE, Frank NL, Kowalski K, Scholes GD, Yuen-Zhou J, Baldo MA, Freedman DE, Goldsmith RH, Goodson T, Kirk ML, McCusker JK, Ogilvie JP, Shultz DA, Stoll S, Whaley KB. Exploiting chemistry and molecular systems for quantum information science. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:490-504. [PMID: 37127960 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The power of chemistry to prepare new molecules and materials has driven the quest for new approaches to solve problems having global societal impact, such as in renewable energy, healthcare and information science. In the latter case, the intrinsic quantum nature of the electronic, nuclear and spin degrees of freedom in molecules offers intriguing new possibilities to advance the emerging field of quantum information science. In this Perspective, which resulted from discussions by the co-authors at a US Department of Energy workshop held in November 2018, we discuss how chemical systems and reactions can impact quantum computing, communication and sensing. Hierarchical molecular design and synthesis, from small molecules to supramolecular assemblies, combined with new spectroscopic probes of quantum coherence and theoretical modelling of complex systems, offer a broad range of possibilities to realize practical quantum information science applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malcolm D E Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Natia L Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Karol Kowalski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc A Baldo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin L Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James K McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - David A Shultz
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li X, Govind N, Isborn C, DePrince AE, Lopata K. Real-Time Time-Dependent Electronic Structure Theory. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9951-9993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christine Isborn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
O'Neal JT, Champenois EG, Oberli S, Obaid R, Al-Haddad A, Barnard J, Berrah N, Coffee R, Duris J, Galinis G, Garratt D, Glownia JM, Haxton D, Ho P, Li S, Li X, MacArthur J, Marangos JP, Natan A, Shivaram N, Slaughter DS, Walter P, Wandel S, Young L, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum PH, Picón A, Marinelli A, Cryan JP. Electronic Population Transfer via Impulsive Stimulated X-Ray Raman Scattering with Attosecond Soft-X-Ray Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073203. [PMID: 32857563 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron lasers provide a source of x-ray pulses short enough and intense enough to drive nonlinearities in molecular systems. Impulsive interactions driven by these x-ray pulses provide a way to create and probe valence electron motions with high temporal and spatial resolution. Observing these electronic motions is crucial to understand the role of electronic coherence in chemical processes. A simple nonlinear technique for probing electronic motion, impulsive stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (ISXRS), involves a single impulsive interaction to produce a coherent superposition of electronic states. We demonstrate electronic population transfer via ISXRS using broad bandwidth (5.5 eV full width at half maximum) attosecond x-ray pulses produced by the Linac Coherent Light Source. The impulsive excitation is resonantly enhanced by the oxygen 1s→2π^{*} resonance of nitric oxide (NO), and excited state neutral molecules are probed with a time-delayed UV laser pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T O'Neal
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Solène Oberli
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Andre Al-Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Barnard
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gediminas Galinis
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Garratt
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Phay Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - James MacArthur
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jon P Marangos
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Scott Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou L, Tian L, Zhang WK. Experimental consideration of two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lie Tian
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-kai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Scattering of Ultrashort X-ray Pulses by Various Nanosystems. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071355. [PMID: 32664416 PMCID: PMC7408419 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the study of the scattering of ultrashort X-ray pulses (USPs) by various objects is an urgent task, in connection with the creation of powerful sources of USP generation. In this paper, the theory of the scattering of attosecond pulses by polyatomic structures is developed taking into account the magnetic component of USPs. It is shown that the scattering spectra depend not only on the structure of the target, but also on other characteristics of USPs. Results are presented of the calculation of the scattering spectra on various nanosystems, such as rings, groups of rings, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and groups of co-directed CNTs (forest CNTs). The calculation results are presented in an analytical form, which allows a general analysis of the expressions. It was found that taking the magnetic component of the momentum into the scattering spectra into account leads to the generation of the second harmonic. In this case, the spectra have characteristic features and differ from the scattering spectra at the carrier frequency, which can complement ultra-high-resolution X-ray analysis. It is shown that the scattering spectra of some structures, for example, forest CNTs, have a strictly specified radiation direction and such material in the field of such USPs is non-reflective (completely black).
Collapse
|
41
|
Fidler AP, Warrick ER, Marroux HJB, Bloch E, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Self-heterodyned detection of dressed state coherences in helium by noncollinear extreme ultraviolet wave mixing with attosecond pulses. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Noncollinear wave-mixing spectroscopies with attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses provide unprecedented insight into electronic dynamics. In infrared and visible regimes, heterodyne detection techniques utilize a reference field to amplify wave-mixing signals while simultaneously allowing for phase-sensitive measurements. Here, we implement a self-heterodyned detection scheme in noncollinear wave-mixing measurements with a short attosecond XUV pulse train and two few-cycle near infrared (NIR) pulses. The initial spatiotemporally overlapped XUV and NIR pulses generate a coherence of both odd (1snp) and even (1sns and 1snd) parity states within gaseous helium. A variably delayed noncollinear NIR pulse generates angularly-dependent four-wave mixing signals that report on the evolution of this coherence. The diffuse angular structure of the XUV harmonics underlying these emission signals is used as a reference field for heterodyne detection, leading to cycle oscillations in the transient wave-mixing spectra. With this detection scheme, wave-mixing signals emitting from at least eight distinct light-induced, or dressed, states can be observed, in contrast to only one light induced state identified in a similar homodyne wave-mixing measurement. In conjunction with the self-heterodyned detection scheme, the noncollinear geometry permits the conclusive identification and angular separation of distinct wave-mixing pathways, reducing the complexity of transient spectra. These results demonstrate that the application of heterodyne detection schemes can provide signal amplification and phase-sensitivity, while maintaining the versatility and selectivity of noncollinear attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopies. These techniques will be important tools in the study of ultrafast dynamics within complex chemical systems in the XUV regime.
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang S, Dorfman K. Detecting electronic coherences by time-domain high-harmonic spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9776-9781. [PMID: 32300011 PMCID: PMC7211971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919360117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopy is capable of monitoring electronic and vibrational states. For electronic states a few eV apart, an X-ray laser source is required. We propose an alternative method based on the time-domain high-order harmonic spectroscopy where a coherent superposition of the electronic states is first prepared by the strong optical laser pulse. The coherent dynamics can then be probed by the higher-order harmonics generated by the delayed probe pulse. The high nonlinearity typically modeled by the three-step mechanism introduced by Lewenstein and Corkum can serve as a recipe for generation of the coherent excitation with broad bandwidth. The main advantage of the method is that only optical (non-X-ray) lasers are needed. A semiperturbative model based on the Liouville space superoperator approach is developed for the bookkeeping of the different orders of the nonlinear response for the high-order harmonic generation using multiple pulses. Coherence between bound electronic states is monitored in the harmonic spectra from both first- and second-order responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Konstantin Dorfman
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thurston R, Brister MM, Belkacem A, Weber T, Shivaram N, Slaughter DS. Time-resolved ultrafast transient polarization spectroscopy to investigate nonlinear processes and dynamics in electronically excited molecules on the femtosecond time scale. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:053101. [PMID: 32486703 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel experimental technique to investigate ultrafast dynamics in photoexcited molecules by probing the 3rd-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. A non-collinear 3-pulse scheme is developed to probe the ultrafast dynamics of excited electronic states using the optical Kerr effect. Optical homodyne and optical heterodyne detections are demonstrated to measure the 3rd-order nonlinear optical response for the S1 excited state of liquid nitrobenzene, which is populated by 2-photon absorption of a 780 nm 40 fs excitation pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Thurston
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matthew M Brister
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ali Belkacem
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thorsten Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tracking attosecond electronic coherences using phase-manipulated extreme ultraviolet pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 32060288 PMCID: PMC7021897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent light sources bears great potential for a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter. Promising routes are advanced coherent control and nonlinear spectroscopy schemes in the XUV energy range, yielding unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, their implementation has been hampered by the experimental challenge of generating XUV pulse sequences with precisely controlled timing and phase properties. In particular, direct control and manipulation of the phase of individual pulses within an XUV pulse sequence opens exciting possibilities for coherent control and multidimensional spectroscopy, but has not been accomplished. Here, we overcome these constraints in a highly time-stabilized and phase-modulated XUV-pump, XUV-probe experiment, which directly probes the evolution and dephasing of an inner subshell electronic coherence. This approach, avoiding any XUV optics for direct pulse manipulation, opens up extensive applications of advanced nonlinear optics and spectroscopy at XUV wavelengths.
Collapse
|
45
|
Maiuri M, Garavelli M, Cerullo G. Ultrafast Spectroscopy: State of the Art and Open Challenges. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:3-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bruner A, Cavaletto SM, Govind N, Mukamel S. Resonant X-ray Sum-Frequency-Generation Spectroscopy of K-Edges in Acetyl Fluoride. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6832-6839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bruner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stefano M. Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
X-ray Spectroscopies of High Energy Density Matter Created with X-ray Free Electron Lasers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress in the development of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allows for the delivery of over 1011 high-energy photons to solid-density samples in a femtosecond time scale. The corresponding peak brightness of XFEL induces a nonlinear response of matter in a short-wavelength regime. The absorption of an XFEL pulse in a solid also results in the creation of high energy density (HED) matter. The electronic structure and related fundamental properties of such HED matter can be investigated with the control of XFEL and various X-ray spectroscopic techniques. These experimental data provide unique opportunities to benchmark theories and models for extreme conditions and to guide further advances. In this article, the current progress in spectroscopic studies on intense XFEL–matter interactions and HED matter are reviewed, and future research opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Inhester L, Greenman L, Rudenko A, Rolles D, Santra R. Detecting coherent core-hole wave-packet dynamics in N2 by time- and angle-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Loren Greenman
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bokarev SI, Kühn O. Theoretical X‐ray spectroscopy of transition metal compounds. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Physik Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
After presenting the basic theoretical models of excitation energy transfer and charge transfer, I describe some of the novel experimental methods used to probe them. Finally, I discuss recent results concerning ultrafast energy and charge transfer in biological systems, in chemical systems and in photovoltaics based on sensitized transition metal oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|