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Handelsman DJ, Idan A, Desai R, Grainger J, Goebel C, Sleiman S, Savkovic S, Kouzios D, Jayadev V, Conway AJ. Single and multi-dose pharmacology of recombinant and urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 101:42-50. [PMID: 38446525 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human choriogonadotrophin (hCG) treatment of gonadotrophin-deficient infertile men uses hCG of urinary (uhCG) or recombinant (rhCG) origin, but these treatments have not been compared nor are there studies defining rhCG dosing in men. DESIGN hCG products were studied in randomized cross-over single-dose studies of standard (Study 1, 1500 IU and 62.5 µg, respectively) or high (Study 2, 5000 IU and 250 µg) dose and a multi-dose population pharmacology study of hCG use. PARTICIPANTS Eight (Study 1) and seven (Study 2) volunteers in cross-over and 52 gonadotrophin-deficient men in the multi-dose study MEASUREMENTS: In cross-over studies, serum testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and serum hCG, LH, FSH, SHBG and T (observational study) by immunoassays. RESULTS After standard and high-dose injection, serum hCG and testosterone responses had similar timing and peak concentrations except for a mildly lower early (<48 h) serum testosterone with uhCG. In the multi-dosing study, both hCGs had similar pharmacokinetics (pooled half-life 5.8 days, p < .001), while serum testosterone concentrations were stable after injection and did not differ between hCG products. Bench testing verified that 20% of pens from 4/10 individuals were used inappropriately. CONCLUSIONS Although hCG pharmacokinetics are not formally bioequivalent, the similar pharmacodynamic effects on serum testosterone indicate that at the doses tested both hCGs provide comparable clinical effects. The starting dose of rhCG for treating gonadotrophin-deficient men should be 62.5 µg (6 clicks) of the rhCG pen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Idan
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janelle Grainger
- Australian Sports Drug Testing Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catrin Goebel
- Australian Sports Drug Testing Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sue Sleiman
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sasha Savkovic
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dorothy Kouzios
- Diagnostic Pathology Unit, NSW Health Pathology, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Venna Jayadev
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ann J Conway
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zariñán T, Espinal-Enriquez J, De Anda-Jáuregui G, Lira-Albarrán S, Hernández-Montes G, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Rebollar-Vega RG, Bousfield GR, Butnev VY, Hernández-Lemus E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Differential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone glycoforms on the transcriptome profile of cultured rat granulosa cells as disclosed by RNA-seq. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293688. [PMID: 38843139 PMCID: PMC11156319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that variations in glycosylation on glycoprotein hormones, confer distinctly different biological features to the corresponding glycoforms when multiple in vitro biochemical readings are analyzed. We here applied next generation RNA sequencing to explore changes in the transcriptome of rat granulosa cells exposed for 0, 6, and 12 h to 100 ng/ml of four highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) glycoforms, each exhibiting different glycosylation patterns: a. human pituitary FSH18/21 (hypo-glycosylated); b. human pituitary FSH24 (fully glycosylated); c. Equine FSH (eqFSH) (hypo-glycosylated); and d. Chinese-hamster ovary cell-derived human recombinant FSH (recFSH) (fully-glycosylated). Total RNA from triplicate incubations was prepared from FSH glycoform-exposed cultured granulosa cells obtained from DES-pretreated immature female rats, and RNA libraries were sequenced in a HighSeq 2500 sequencer (2 x 125 bp paired-end format, 10-15 x 106 reads/sample). The computational workflow focused on investigating differences among the four FSH glycoforms at three levels: gene expression, enriched biological processes, and perturbed pathways. Among the top 200 differentially expressed genes, only 4 (0.6%) were shared by all 4 glycoforms at 6 h, whereas 118 genes (40%) were shared at 12 h. Follicle-stimulating hormone glycocoforms stimulated different patterns of exclusive and associated up regulated biological processes in a glycoform and time-dependent fashion with more shared biological processes after 12 h of exposure and fewer treatment-specific ones, except for recFSH, which exhibited stronger responses with more specifically associated processes at this time. Similar results were found for down-regulated processes, with a greater number of processes at 6 h or 12 h, depending on the particular glycoform. In general, there were fewer downregulated than upregulated processes at both 6 h and 12 h, with FSH18/21 exhibiting the largest number of down-regulated associated processes at 6 h while eqFSH exhibited the greatest number at 12 h. Signaling cascades, largely linked to cAMP-PKA, MAPK, and PI3/AKT pathways were detected as differentially activated by the glycoforms, with each glycoform exhibiting its own molecular signature. These data extend previous observations demonstrating glycosylation-dependent distinctly different regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FSH in granulosa cells. The results also suggest the importance of individual FSH glycoform glycosylation for the conformation of the ligand-receptor complex and induced signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa G. Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R. Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Viktor Y. Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
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Villarraza J, Antuña S, Tardivo MB, Rodríguez MC, Díaz PU, Notaro US, Ortega HH, Prieto C, Ceaglio N. Development of a biotechnology process for the production of a novel hyperglycosylated long-acting recombinant bovine follicle-stimulating hormone. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400260. [PMID: 38900054 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an important protein used for bovine ovarian hyperstimulation in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer technology (MOET). Several attempts to produce bovine FSH (bFSH) in recombinant systems have been reported, nonetheless, up to date, the most commonly used products are partially purified preparations derived from porcine or ovine (pFSH or oFSH) pituitaries. Here we describe the development of a biotechnology process to produce a novel, hyperglycosylated, long-acting recombinant bFSH (LA-rbFSH) by fusing copies of a highly O-glycosylated peptide. LA-rbFSH and a nonmodified version (rbFSH) were produced in suspension CHO cell cultures and purified by IMAC with high purity levels (>99%). LA-rbFSH presented a higher glycosylation degree and sialic acid content than rbFSH. It also demonstrated a notable improvement in pharmacokinetic properties after administration to rats, including a higher concentration in plasma and a significant (seven-fold) reduction in apparent clearance (CLapp). In addition, the in vivo specific bioactivity of LA-rbFSH in rats was 2.4-fold higher compared to rbFSH. These results postulate this new molecule as an attractive substitute for commercially available porcine pituitary-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villarraza
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Belén Tardivo
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Rodríguez
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), FBCB (Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas), Cátedra de Química Analítica II, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Uriel Díaz
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ulises Sebastián Notaro
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo Héctor Ortega
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), FBCB (Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LCC (Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Novaes LF, Flores JM, Benfante N, Schofield E, Katz DJ, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Analysis of diurnal variation in serum testosterone levels in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency. J Sex Med 2024; 21:408-413. [PMID: 38481019 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone (T) plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in men, and understanding the variations in T levels during the day is essential for diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency (TD). AIM We sought to evaluate the reduction in serum total T (TT) levels throughout the day in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and to determine the variables having an impact on the extent of this decline. METHODS The study population consisted of a group of men who within 3 months of each other had all undergone both early morning and afternoon TT level measurements. We did not include patients with a history of a prior orchiectomy, testosterone levels below 100 ng/dL or above 1000 ng/dL, a history of androgen deprivation therapy, or patients on T therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlation calculations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure TT, and a change in TT levels greater than 100 ng/dL was considered significant. Using multivariable and univariable analysis, we attempted to define predictors of a decrease in afternoon TT levels. OUTCOMES The majority of men showed no significant difference in T levels between morning and afternoon. RESULTS In total, 506 men with a median age of 65 years were analyzed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Levels of TT were measured in the morning and afternoon, and no significant differences in mean T levels based on the time of the test were found. Age was not significantly associated with T levels. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There was a weak negative correlation between age and the difference between morning and afternoon T levels, with younger men showing more significant variations in T levels. The most considerable differences in T levels were observed in men younger than 30 years. There were no predictors of the magnitude of the T decrease in the afternoon. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Strengths of the study include the number of subjects and the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for T measurement. Limitations include failure to measure morning and afternoon T levels on the same day, the retrospective nature of the study, and a smaller sample size of patients younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION In this study we found no strong link between age and daily T fluctuation, but we observed a decrease in the magnitude of variation with aging. The group experiencing the most significant decline in daily T had higher morning and consistently normal afternoon T levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Novaes
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Jose M Flores
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schofield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, United States
| | - Darren J Katz
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Chris J Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, United States
| | - John P Mulhall
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
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5
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Rachamalla M, Salahinejad A, Kodzhahinchev V, Niyogi S. Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Sex-Specific Chronic Exposure to Dietary Arsenic in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2024; 12:302. [PMID: 38668525 PMCID: PMC11053724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental effects of sex-specific chronic exposure to dietary arsenic in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to environmentally realistic doses of arsenic via diet [0 (control; no added arsenic), 30 (low), 60 (medium), and 100 (high) μg/g dry weight, as arsenite] for 90 days. Following exposure, arsenic-exposed females from each dietary treatment were mated with control males, and similarly, arsenic-exposed males from each dietary treatment were mated with control females. In females, arsenic exposure resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in reproductive performance (fecundity, fertilization success, and hatching success). Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in developmental toxicity (larval deformities and larval mortality) was observed with maternal exposure to arsenic. In contrast, in males, arsenic exposure also induced similar reproductive and developmental toxicity; however, the adverse effects were mainly evident only in the medium and high dietary arsenic treatment groups. We also examined the sex-specific effects of dietary arsenic exposure on the expression of genes that regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPG-L) axis in fish. The gene expression results indicated the downregulation of HPG-L axis genes in females irrespective of the arsenic treatment dose; however, the reduced expression of HPG-L axis genes in males was recorded only in the medium and high arsenic treatment groups. These observations suggest that chronic arsenic exposure in either females or males causes reproductive and developmental toxicity in zebrafish. However, these toxic effects are markedly higher in females than in males. Our results also suggest that arsenic can act as an endocrine disruptor and mediate reproductive and developmental toxicity by disrupting the HPG-L axis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Vladimir Kodzhahinchev
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (A.S.); (V.K.); (S.N.)
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Chang C, Chen YL, Wang YW, Chen HW, Hsu CW, Lin KC, Ou YC, Liu T, Chen WL, Chu CA, Ho CL, Lee CT, Chow NH. Aberrant trophoblastic differentiation in human cancer: An emerging novel therapeutic target (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:43. [PMID: 38240107 PMCID: PMC10823338 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Various types of human cancer may develop aberrant trophoblastic differentiation, including histological changes and altered expression of β‑human chorionic gonadotropin (β‑hCG). Aberrant trophoblastic differentiation in epithelial cancer is usually associated with poor differentiation, tumor metastasis, unfavorable prognosis and treatment resistance. Since β‑hCG‑targeting vaccines have failed in an early phase II trial, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of trophoblastic differentiation in human cancer. The present review summarizes the clinical and translational research on this topic with the aim of accelerating the development of an effective targeted therapy. Ectopic expression of β‑hCG promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, vasculogenesis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, and enhances metastatic and tumorigenic capabilities in vivo. Signaling cascades modulated by β‑hCG include the TGF‑β receptor pathway, EMT‑related pathways, the c‑MET receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen‑activated protein kinase/ERK pathways, and the SMAD2/4 pathway. Taken together, these findings indicated that TGF‑β receptors, c‑MET and ERK1/2 are potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, further investigation on the molecular basis of aberrant trophoblastic differentiation is mandatory to improve the design of precision therapy for this aggressive type of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Che Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yin-Chien Ou
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsunglin Liu
- The Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-An Chu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Medicine Core Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Atre I, Mizrahi N, Hausken K, Levavi-Sivan B. In silico insights into intra- and inter-species interactions of piscine gonadotropin hormones and receptor crosstalk. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129524. [PMID: 38242398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are macromolecules secreted during specific reproductive phases and display strict specificity towards their cognate receptors. However, fish gonadotropins (GTH) and their receptors (GTHR) display diverse species-specific expression patterns, secretion patterns, and intra- and interspecies cross-activation. To uncover the molecular basis of this diversity, we generated and analyzed 29 in-silico models of intra- and inter-species combinations of sturgeon, carp, tilapia, and human gonadotropins with piscine receptors and analyzed the resulting receptor activation and signal transduction of these GTHR-GTH complexes in-vitro. Our results suggest that unlike humans, the surface charge on piscine FSH/LH β-seatbelt and N107huLHCGR/K104hFSHR homologs does not necessarily determine binding specificity. Instead, sequence and structural variations allow piscine GTHs significant conformational flexibility when binding to the receptor extracellular domain, thereby enabling cross-activation. The resulting diversity may support various reproductive strategies in different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Atre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Krist Hausken
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Piñon Gonzalez VM, Feng Y, Egertová M, Elphick MR. Neuropeptide expression and action in the reproductive system of the starfish Asterias rubens. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25585. [PMID: 38289190 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive processes are regulated by a variety of neuropeptides in vertebrates and invertebrates. In starfish (phylum Echinodermata), relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide triggers oocyte maturation and spawning. However, little is known about other neuropeptides as potential regulators of reproduction in starfish. To address this issue, here, we used histology and immunohistochemistry to analyze the reproductive system of the starfish Asterias rubens at four stages of the seasonal reproductive cycle in male and female animals, investigating the expression of eight neuropeptides: the corticotropin-releasing hormone-type neuropeptide ArCRH, the calcitonin-type neuropeptide ArCT, the pedal peptide-type neuropeptides ArPPLN1b and ArPPLN2h, the vasopressin/ocytocin-type neuropeptide asterotocin, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-type neuropeptide ArGnRH, and the somatostatin/allatostatin-C-type neuropeptides ArSS1 and ArSS2. The expression of five neuropeptides, ArCRH, ArCT, ArPPLN1b, ArPPLN2h, and asterotocin, was detected in the gonoducts and/or gonads. For example, extensive ArPPLN2h expression was revealed in the coelomic epithelial layer of the gonads throughout the seasonal reproductive cycle in both males and females. However, seasonal and/or sexual differences in the patterns of neuropeptide expression were also observed. Informed by these findings, the in vitro pharmacological effects of neuropeptides on gonad preparations from male and female starfish were investigated. This revealed that ArSS1 causes gonadal contraction and that ArPPLN2h causes gonadal relaxation, with both neuropeptides being more effective on ovaries than testes. Collectively, these findings indicate that multiple neuropeptide signaling systems are involved in the regulation of reproductive function in starfish, with some neuropeptides exerting excitatory or inhibitory effects on gonad contractility that may be physiologically relevant when gametes are expelled during spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuling Feng
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Zariñán T, Espinal-Enriquez J, De Anda-Jáuregui G, Lira-Albarrán S, Hernández-Montes G, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Rebollar-Vega RG, Bousfield GR, Butnev VY, Hernández-Lemus E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Differential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone glycoforms on the transcriptome profile of cultured rat granulosa cells as disclosed by RNA-seq. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562995. [PMID: 37905087 PMCID: PMC10614937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented that variations in glycosylation on glycoprotein hormones, confer distinctly different biological features to the corresponding glycoforms when multiple in vitro biochemical readings are analyzed. We here applied next generation RNA sequencing to explore changes in the transcriptome of rat granulosa cells exposed for 0, 6, and 12 h to 100 ng/ml of four highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) glycoforms, each exhibiting different glycosylation patterns: human pituitary FSH18/21 and equine FSH (eqFSH) (hypo-glycosylated), and human FSH24 and chinese-hamster ovary cell-derived human recombinant FSH (recFSH) (fully-glycosylated). Total RNA from triplicate incubations was prepared from FSH glycoform-exposed cultured granulosa cells obtained from DES-pretreated immature female rats, and RNA libraries were sequenced in a HighSeq 2500 sequencer (2 × 125 bp paired-end format, 10-15 × 106 reads/sample). The computational workflow focused on investigating differences among the four FSH glycoforms at three levels: gene expression, enriched biological processes, and perturbed pathways. Among the top 200 differentially expressed genes, only 4 (0.6%) were shared by all 4 glycoforms at 6 h, whereas 118 genes (40%) were shared at 12 h. Follicle-stimulating hormone glycocoforms stimulated different patterns of exclusive and associated up regulated biological processes in a glycoform and time-dependent fashion with more shared biological processes after 12 h of exposure and fewer treatment-specific ones, except for recFSH, which exhibited stronger responses with more specifically associated processes at this time. Similar results were found for down-regulated processes, with a greater number of processes at 6 h or 12 h, depending on the particular glycoform. In general, there were fewer downregulated than upregulated processes at both 6 h and 12 h, with FSH18/21 exhibiting the largest number of down-regulated associated processes at 6 h while eqFSH exhibited the greatest number at 12 h. Signaling cascades, largely linked to cAMP-PKA, MAPK, and PI3/AKT pathways were detected as differentially activated by the glycoforms, with each glycoform exhibiting its own molecular signature. These data extend previous observations demonstrating glycosylation-dependent differential regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FSH in granulosa cells. The results also suggest the importance of individual FSH glycoform glycosylation for the conformation of the ligand-receptor complex and induced signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa G. Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R. Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, 67260, USA
| | - Viktor Y. Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, 67260, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Aizen J, Sharma S, Elizur A, Joy KP, Chaube R. Regulation of steroid production and key genes in catfish Heteropneustes fossilis using recombinant gonadotropins. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:911-923. [PMID: 37548828 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The two gonadotropins, FSH and LH, stimulate growth and development of the gonads through gonadal biosynthesis of steroid hormones and growth factors. To date, cDNA sequences encoding gonadotropin subunits have been isolated and characterized from a large number of fish species. Recently, we successfully cloned and characterized gonadotropins (LHβ, FSHβ, and GPα) from the pituitary glands of the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. In the present study, we describe herein the production of recombinant stinging catfish, H. fossilis (hf) FSH (rhfFSH) and LH (rhfLH) using the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris expression system. We further explored the hypothesis that the recombinant gonadotropins can modulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis genes (avt, it, gnrh2, kiss2, and cyp19a1a) and regulate their transcriptional profile and steroid levels in relation to their annual developmental stage during preparatory and pre-spawning phases under in-vitro conditions. We found that the different concentrations of recombinant rhfFSH and rhfLH significantly stimulated E2 levels in the preparatory and prespawning season, and also upregulated gonadal aromatase gene expression in a dose dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the yeast expression system produced biologically active recombinant catfish gonadotropins, enabling the study of their function in the catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aizen
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel.
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Radha Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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12
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Jin H, Yang H, Zheng J, Zhou J, Yu R. Post-trigger luteinizing hormone concentration to positively predict oocyte yield in the antagonist protocol and its association with genetic variants of LHCGR. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:189. [PMID: 37691102 PMCID: PMC10494325 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/ luteinizing hormone (LH) after triggering is generally accepted as a predictor of the normal ovarian response to the trigger, but few studies have explored the distribution model of concentration and its impact on oocyte yield. Genetic variations in LHCGR, known as a receptor for hCG and LH, also play a role in oocyte maturation and retrieval. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of hCG/LH after triggering on oocyte yield and its association with genetic variants of LHCGR. METHODS A retrospective cohort study including 372 antagonist IVF cycles, in which 205 received the recombinant hCG trigger and 167 received the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) trigger, was conducted. The post-trigger concentrations of hCG/LH and the LHCGR N312S (rs2293275) genotype were evaluated in patients to analyse the impact of these factors on oocyte yield. RESULTS The oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) increased significantly among the low-, medium- and high-hCG-concentration groups (0.91 ± 0.25, 0.99 ± 0.23 and 1.08 ± 0.19, P < 0.001) and among the low-, medium- and high-LH-concentration groups (0.80 ± 0.29, 0.95 ± 0.21 and 1.07 ± 0.19, P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the post-trigger hCG concentration and ORR was 0.242 (P < 0.001), and that between the LH concentration and ORR was 0.454 (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, high post-trigger LH concentrations remained associated with the significantly higher ORRs (adjusted R2 = 0.541, P < 0.001). Patients with the AG genotype of LHCGR N312S were more likely to have low post-trigger LH concentrations (46.10 IU/L versus 60.91 IU/L, P < 0.001) and a significantly lower ORR (0.85 versus 0.96, P = 0.042) than patients with the GG genotype after the GnRH-a trigger. CONCLUSIONS The post-trigger LH concentration can positively predict oocyte yield in antagonist IVF cycles, and patients with the AG genotype of LHCGR rs2293275 could have a suboptimal oocyte yield using the GnRH-a trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- The Urological Surgical Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- The Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, No. 96, Fuxue Road, Lucheng District
| | - Jiujia Zheng
- The Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, No. 96, Fuxue Road, Lucheng District
| | - Jiechun Zhou
- The Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, No. 96, Fuxue Road, Lucheng District
| | - Rong Yu
- The Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, No. 96, Fuxue Road, Lucheng District.
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13
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Kenis S, Istiban MN, Van Damme S, Vandewyer E, Watteyne J, Schoofs L, Beets I. Ancestral glycoprotein hormone-receptor pathway controls growth in C. elegans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1200407. [PMID: 37409228 PMCID: PMC10319355 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, thyrostimulin is a highly conserved glycoprotein hormone that, besides thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), is a potent ligand of the TSH receptor. Thyrostimulin is considered the most ancestral glycoprotein hormone and orthologs of its subunits, GPA2 and GPB5, are widely conserved across vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Unlike TSH, however, the functions of the thyrostimulin neuroendocrine system remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify a functional thyrostimulin-like signaling system in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that orthologs of GPA2 and GPB5, together with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) related neuropeptides, constitute a neuroendocrine pathway that promotes growth in C. elegans. GPA2/GPB5 signaling is required for normal body size and acts through activation of the glycoprotein hormone receptor ortholog FSHR-1. C. elegans GPA2 and GPB5 increase cAMP signaling by FSHR-1 in vitro. Both subunits are expressed in enteric neurons and promote growth by signaling to their receptor in glial cells and the intestine. Impaired GPA2/GPB5 signaling causes bloating of the intestinal lumen. In addition, mutants lacking thyrostimulin-like signaling show an increased defecation cycle period. Our study suggests that the thyrostimulin GPA2/GPB5 pathway is an ancient enteric neuroendocrine system that regulates intestinal function in ecdysozoans, and may ancestrally have been involved in the control of organismal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Damme
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Vandewyer
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Watteyne
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Thompson RE, Meyers MA, Palmer J, Veeramachaneni DNR, Magee C, de Mestre AM, Antczak DF, Hollinshead FK. Production of Mare Chorionic Girdle Organoids That Secrete Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119538. [PMID: 37298490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The equine chorionic girdle is comprised of specialized invasive trophoblast cells that begin formation approximately 25 days after ovulation (day 0) and invade the endometrium to become endometrial cups. These specialized trophoblast cells transition from uninucleate to differentiated binucleate trophoblast cells that secrete the glycoprotein hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; formerly known as pregnant mare serum gonadotropin or PMSG). This eCG has LH-like activity in the horse but variable LH- and FSH-like activity in other species and has been utilized for these properties both in vivo and in vitro. To produce eCG commercially, large volumes of whole blood must be collected from pregnant mares, which negatively impacts equine welfare due to repeated blood collections and the birth of an unwanted foal. Attempts to produce eCG in vitro using long-term culture of chorionic girdle explants have not been successful beyond 180 days, with peak eCG production at 30 days of culture. Organoids are three-dimensional cell clusters that self-organize and can remain genetically and phenotypically stable throughout long-term culture (i.e., months). Human trophoblast organoids have been reported to successfully produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and proliferate long-term (>1 year). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether organoids derived from equine chorionic girdle maintain physiological functionality. Here we show generation of chorionic girdle organoids for the first time and demonstrate in vitro production of eCG for up to 6 weeks in culture. Therefore, equine chorionic girdle organoids provide a physiologically representative 3D in vitro model for chorionic girdle development of early equine pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Thompson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mindy A Meyers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer Palmer
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - D N Rao Veeramachaneni
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christianne Magee
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amanda M de Mestre
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fiona K Hollinshead
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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15
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Xu B, Qin W, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhou S, Huang J, Ma L, Yan X. Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-ovary axis contributed to the follicular development difference between Meishan and Landrace × Yorkshire sows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37122038 PMCID: PMC10150527 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which Meishan (MS) sows are superior to white crossbred sows in ovarian follicle development remains unclear. Given gut microbiota could regulate female ovarian function and reproductive capacity, this study aimed to determine the role of gut microbiota-ovary axis on follicular development in sows. METHODS We compared the ovarian follicular development, gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and follicular fluid metabolome between MS and Landrace × Yorkshire (L × Y) sows. A H2O2-induced cell apoptosis model was used to evaluate the effects of multi-omics identified metabolites on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. RESULTS Compared with L × Y sows, MS sows have greater ovary weight and improved follicular development, including the greater counts of large follicles of diameter ≥ 5 mm, secondary follicles, and antral follicles, but lesser atretic follicles. The ovarian granulosa cells in MS sows had alleviated apoptosis, which was indicated by the increased BCL-2, decreased caspases-3, and decreased cleaved caspases-3 than in L × Y sows. The ovarian follicular fluid of MS sows had higher concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and insulin like growth factor 1 than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota of MS sows formed a distinct cluster and had improved alpha diversity, including increased Shannon and decreased Simpson than those of L × Y sows. Corresponding to the enhanced function of carbohydrate metabolism and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces, the differential metabolites in plasma between MS and L × Y sows are also mainly enriched in pathways of fatty acid metabolism. There were significant correlations among SCFAs with follicular development, ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis, and follicular fluid hormones, respectively. Noteworthily, compared with L × Y sows, MS sows had higher follicular fluid SCFAs concentrations which could ameliorate H2O2-induced porcine granulosa cells apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION MS sows have more secondary and antral follicles, but fewer atretic follicles and apoptotic ovarian granulosa cells, as well as harbored a distinctive gut microbiota than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota may participate in regulating ovarian follicular development via SCFAs affecting granulosa cells apoptosis in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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16
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Guibourdenche J, Leguy MC, Pidoux G, Hebert-Schuster M, Laguillier C, Anselem O, Grangé G, Bonnet F, Tsatsaris V. Biochemical Screening for Fetal Trisomy 21: Pathophysiology of Maternal Serum Markers and Involvement of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087669. [PMID: 37108840 PMCID: PMC10146970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that maternal serum markers are often abnormal in fetal trisomy 21. Their determination is recommended for prenatal screening and pregnancy follow-up. However, mechanisms leading to abnormal maternal serum levels of such markers are still debated. Our objective was to help clinicians and scientists unravel the pathophysiology of these markers via a review of the main studies published in this field, both in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the six most widely used markers (hCG, its free subunit hCGβ, PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, and inhibin A) as well as cell-free feto-placental DNA. Analysis of the literature shows that mechanisms underlying each marker's regulation are multiple and not necessarily directly linked with the supernumerary chromosome 21. The crucial involvement of the placenta is also highlighted, which could be defective in one or several of its functions (turnover and apoptosis, endocrine production, and feto-maternal exchanges and transfer). These defects were neither constant nor specific for trisomy 21, and might be more or less pronounced, reflecting a high variability in placental immaturity and alteration. This explains why maternal serum markers can lack both specificity and sensitivity, and are thus restricted to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guibourdenche
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Christelle Laguillier
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- UMR-S1139, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Grangé
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
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17
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Kushwaha B, Srivastava N, Kumar MS, Kumar R. Protein-protein networks analysis of differentially expressed genes unveils the key phenomenon of biological process with respect to reproduction in endangered catfish, C. Magur. Gene 2023; 860:147235. [PMID: 36731619 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clarias magur (magur) is an important freshwater catfish with high potential in the aquaculture sector in its geographical ranges of distribution. One of the impediments to realise its full aquaculture potential is the lack of understanding key genes involved in its reproduction pathways. Nonetheless, very limited information is available on brain and gonads, with respect to reproduction related issues of magur at molecular level. The present study was aimed at understanding the interaction of the brain-gonad system by analysing differentially expressed genes (DEG) in brains and gonads of male and female magur using a protein-protein network interaction study. In brief, 641, 541, 225 and 245 DEGs, respectively, in ovary, testis and female brain and male-brain of magur were used as input in String database 11.0 and Cytoscape v 3.8.0 plug-in Network Analyzer for PPI network construction followed by network superimposition, network merging and analysis. A total of 13 key genes in female brain & ovary and 12 key genes in male brain & testis were obtained based on the network topological parameter betweenness centrality and nodes degree. Among them, cyp19a1b and amh genes in male brain-testis and Tp53 and exo1 genes in female brain-ovary were identified as hub genes having a high level of interaction and expression with other key genes in the network. Further, functional annotation study of these genes revealed their active involvement in important pathways related to reproduction. This is the first report exploring the interaction of brain and gonads in the regulation of magur reproduction through a protein-protein interaction network. The 25 key genes identified in the combined network are involved in various pathways, like neuropeptide signalling pathway, oxytocin receptor-mediated signalling pathway, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor signalling pathway and reproduction process, which could lead to a better understanding of the magur reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neha Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali S Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Kumar C, Idicula-Thomas S. FSHR activation through small molecule modulators: Mechanistic insights from MD simulations. Comput Biol Med 2023; 154:106588. [PMID: 36746114 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a glycoprotein hormone receptor that plays a vital role in reproduction, cancer progression and osteoporosis. Owing to its therapeutic importance, several small molecule modulators have been identified by researchers through high throughput studies that usually include virtual screening of chemical libraries followed by in vitro validation through radio-ligand binding assays, cAMP accumulation and luciferase-based luminescence assays. The binding site of these modulators and structural changes that accompany modulator binding remains elusive. Here, we address these aspects through molecular docking and MD simulations on well-studied FSHR modulators and comparing the domain motions between agonist/FSH bound and antagonist bound FSHR structures. It was observed that agonist and antagonist modulators bind to the same site, but interact with distinct residues in transmembrane domain(TMD). FSHR(TMD) residues Ile522, Ala595, Ile602 and Val604 were found to interact only with agonist. Notably, these residues are conserved in the close homolog luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and participate in interaction with its agonist Org43553. We observed distinctly prominent domain motions and conformational changes in TM helices 3, 4 and 6 for agonist bound FSHR structure. These structural changes have also been reported for LHCGR, and few GPCR members suggesting an important and well conserved mechanism of GPHR activation that could be exploited for design of novel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Yang LK, Zhang J, Liu D, Han TY, Qin QS, Wang AQ, Dong B. Ancestral glycoprotein hormone and its cognate receptor present in primitive chordate ascidian: Molecular identification and functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:401-412. [PMID: 36592853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein hormone (GPH) system is fundamentally significant in regulating the physiology of chordates, such as thyroid activity and gonadal function. However, the knowledge of the GPH system in the primitive chordate ascidian species is largely lacking. Here, we reported an ancestral GPH system in the ascidian (Styela clava), which consists of GPH α subunit (Sc-GPA2), GPH β subunit (Sc-GPB5), and the cognate leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (Sc-GPHR). Comparative structure analysis revealed that distinct from vertebrate GPH β subunits, Sc-GPB5 was less conserved, showing an atypical N-terminal sequence with a type II transmembrane domain instead of a typical signal peptide. By investigating the presence of recombinant Sc-GPA2 and Sc-GPB5 in cell lysates and culture media of HEK293T cells, we confirmed that these two subunits could be secreted out of the cells via distinct secretory pathways. The deglycosylation experiments demonstrated that N-linked glycosylation only occurred on the conserved cysteine residue (N78) of Sc-GPA2, whereas Sc-GPB5 was non-glycosylated. Although Sc-GPB5 exhibited distinct topology and biochemical properties in contrast to its chordate counterparts, it could still interact with Sc-GPA2 to form a heterodimer. The Sc-GPHR was then confirmed to be activated by tethered Sc-GPA2/GPB5 heterodimer on the Gs-cAMP pathway, suggesting that Sc-GPA2/GPB5 heterodimer-initiated Gs-cAMP signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in chordates. Furthermore, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR results revealed the co-expression patterns of Sc-GPA2 and Sc-GPB5 with Sc-GPHR transcripts, respectively in ascidian larvae and adults, highlighting the potential functions of Sc-GPA2/GPB5 heterodimer as an autocrine/paracrine neurohormone in regulating metamorphosis of larvae and physiological functions of adults. Our study systematically investigated the GPA2/GPB5-GPHR system in ascidian for the first time, which offers insights into understanding the function and evolution of the GPH system within the chordate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Yang
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Di Liu
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tong-Ye Han
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi-Shu Qin
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - An-Qi Wang
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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20
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Duan J, Xu P, Zhang H, Luan X, Yang J, He X, Mao C, Shen DD, Ji Y, Cheng X, Jiang H, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Xu HE. Mechanism of hormone and allosteric agonist mediated activation of follicle stimulating hormone receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:519. [PMID: 36720854 PMCID: PMC9889800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is an essential glycoprotein hormone for human reproduction, which functions are mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR. Aberrant FSH-FSHR signaling causes infertility and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Here we report cryo-EM structures of FSHR in both inactive and active states, with the active structure bound to FSH and an allosteric agonist compound 21 f. The structures of FSHR are similar to other glycoprotein hormone receptors, highlighting a conserved activation mechanism of hormone-induced receptor activation. Compound 21 f formed extensive interactions with the TMD to directly activate FSHR. Importantly, the unique residue H6157.42 in FSHR plays an essential role in determining FSHR selectivity for various allosteric agonists. Together, our structures provide a molecular basis of FSH and small allosteric agonist-mediated FSHR activation, which could inspire the design of FSHR-targeted drugs for the treatment of infertility and controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of medicine, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for life science, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Lingang Laboratory, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of medicine, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for life science, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Guan T, Wang L, Ma X, Zhu C, Wang H, Li J. Metamifop as an estrogen-like chemical affects the pituitary-hypothalamic-gonadal (HPG) axis of female rice field eels ( Monopterus albus). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1088880. [PMID: 36744025 PMCID: PMC9892845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1088880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metamifop (MET) is a widely used herbicide. It is likely for it to enter water environment when utilized, thus potential impacts may be produced on aquatic animals. Little information is available about its effects on the endocrine system of fish to date. In the current study, female rice field eels (Monopterus albus) were exposed to different MET concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg L -1) for 96 h to examine the effect of MET on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and sexual reversal. The results showed that high concentrations of MET exposure increased vitellogenin (VTG) levels in liver and plasma, but plasma sex hormone levels were not affected by MET exposure. MET exposure increased the expression of CYP19A1b and CYP17 that regulate sex hormone production in the brain, but the expression of genes (CYP19A1a, CYP17, FSHR, LHCGR, hsd11b2, 3β-HSD) associated with sex hormone secretion in the ovary and the estrogen receptor genes (esr1, esr2a, esr2b) in the liver were all suppressed. In addition, the expression of sex-related gene (Dmrt1) was suppressed. This study revealed for the first time that MET has estrogen-like effects and has a strong interference with the expression of HPG axis genes. MET did not show the ability to promote the sexual reversal in M. albus, on the contrary, the genes expression showed that the occurrence of male pathway was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Guan
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Ma
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Chuankun Zhu
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China,*Correspondence: Hui Wang,
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Sun J, Zhang P, Wang D, Zhu S, Ma X, Du Z, Zhang J, Yang S, Huang H, Jiang R, Tian Y, Li W, Kang X, Yan F, Sun G, Li D. Integrative analyses of the mRNA expression profile reveal the involvement of STC1 in chicken folliculogenesis. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad295. [PMID: 37656166 PMCID: PMC10503649 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient ovarian follicle development, maturation, and ovulation are critical for egg production performance. Previous research has underscored the importance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in regulating development and folliculogenesis in chicken ovarians. However, the molecular mechanism is not fully understood, especially in the late period of the laying cycle. In the present study, ovarian tissues from 80-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers (three with high and three with low rates of egg laying) were collected for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, at a false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P-value < 0.05 and a log2|fold change| (log2|FC|) ≥1.5. Among these DEGs, stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) was mainly related to cellular processes, single-organism processes, biological regulation, metabolic processes, developmental processes, and reproductive processes. Then, we further investigated the regulation of STC1 during chicken follicle development and found that STC1 inhibited the proliferation and stimulated the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (GCs), and decreased the expression of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Collectively, these results suggest that STC1 plays an important role in chicken follicle development by decreasing GC proliferation and steroidogenesis and stimulating GC apoptosis. This study contributes to the understanding of the reproductive biology of laying hens in the late period of the laying cycle and further lays a foundation for the improvement of egg production in poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuaipeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangfei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenwei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiechang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuangyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hetian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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23
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Ohga H, Ohta K, Matsuyama M. Long-day stimulation increases thyroid-stimulating hormone expression and affects gonadal development in chub mackerel. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111334. [PMID: 36280226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For seasonal breeders, photoperiodic changes are important signals that mark the start of the breeding season. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein hormone that not only promotes the secretion of thyroid hormone but also plays a key role in regulating seasonal reproduction in birds and mammals. However, whether TSH activation has been implicated as a seasonal indicator in fish breeding has not been fully investigated. In this study, we isolated tshb as a starting point to elucidate the effect of photoperiodic changes on the activation of the reproductive axis of chub mackerel. The isolated tshb was classified as tshba, which is widely conserved in vertebrates. The quantitative PCR results showed that tshb was strongly expressed in the pituitary. When female and male chub mackerel with immature gonads were reared for six weeks under different photoperiodic conditions, the gonads developed substantially in the long-day (LD) reared fish compared to those in the short-day reared fish. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression level of tshb in the pituitary gland was significantly elevated in the LD group. Although there was no difference in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 gene expression level in the preoptic area of the brain, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone gene expression levels in the pituitary were also significantly elevated in the LD group. In conclusion, TSH is a potential mediator of seasonal information in the reproductive endocrine axis and may induce gonadal development during the breeding season of chub mackerel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ohga
- Aqua-Bioresource Innovation Center (ABRIC) Karatsu Satellite, Kyushu University, Saga 847-0132, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ohta
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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24
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Al-Dailami AN, Orchard I, Lange AB. Investigating the role of glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 signaling in reproduction in adult female Rhodnius prolixus. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:1096089. [PMID: 38468806 PMCID: PMC10926448 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.1096089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein hormones are essential for regulating various physiological activities in vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, the classical glycoprotein hormones include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which have crucial roles in growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. In female mammals, FSH stimulates egg production in the ovaries, whereas LH and CG act as the triggers for follicular ovulation. The more recently discovered heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 (called thyrostimulin in vertebrates) is suggested to be involved in reproductive processes in arthropods. Here, we focus on understanding the role of GPA2/GPB5 and its receptor, LGR1, in the reproductive success of adult female Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. qPCR was used to monitor the expression of GPA2 and GPB5 transcripts and their receptor in different tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the distribution of GPB5 in the nervous system and reproductive system, and RNA interference was used to disrupt the glycoprotein hormone signaling pathway. Both subunit transcripts, GPA2 and GPB5, are present in a variety of tissues, with the greatest expression in the central nervous system; whereas the LGR1 transcript is present in peripheral tissues, including the fat body and the reproductive system of adult females. In the adult female, GPB5-like immunoreactive axonal projections are present in the trunk nerves extending onto the reproductive tissues, with processes overlaying the ovaries, oviducts, spermatheca, and bursa, indicating the possibility of neural control by neurons containing GPA2/GPB5. In addition, GPB5-like immunostaining is present in muscles encircling the ovarioles, and in the cytoplasm of trophocytes (nurse cells) located in the tropharium. GPB5-like immunoreactive processes and blebs are also localized to the previtellogenic follicles, suggesting an involvement of this glycoprotein hormone signaling in oocyte development. LGR1 transcript expression increases in the adult female reproductive system post-feeding, a stimulus that initiates reproductive development, adding further support to an involvement in reproduction. We have investigated the effect of LGR1 downregulation on reproductive processes, monitoring the number and the quality of eggs laid, hatching ratio, and production of vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein for developing eggs. Downregulation of LGR1 leads to increases in transcript expression of vitellogenin, RhoprVg1, in the fat body and the vitellogenin receptor, RhoprVgR, in the ovaries. Total protein in the fat body and hemolymph of dsLGR1-injected insects increased compared to controls and associated with this effect was a significant increase in vitellogenin in these tissues. dsLGR1-injection leads to accelerated oogenesis, an increase in the number of eggs produced and laid, an increase in egg size and a reduction in hatching rate. Our results indicate that GPA2/GPB5 signaling acts to delay egg production in adult female R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej N. Al-Dailami
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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25
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Nyuji M, Hamaguchi M, Shimizu A, Isu S, Yoneda M, Matsuyama M. Development of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for chub mackerel Scomber japonicus gonadotropins and regulation of their secretion in female reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114103. [PMID: 35940318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary gonadotropins (Gths), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh), play critical roles in regulating gonadal development and sexual maturation in vertebrates. We developed non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure Fsh and Lh in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, which is a commercially important scombrid species. Mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for Fsh and Lh, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against both Gths were produced by immunization with hormones purified from chub mackerel pituitaries. These monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used as capture and detection antibodies in the developed sandwich ELISAs. The ELISAs were reproducible, sensitive, and specific for chub mackerel Fsh and Lh. Parallelism between the standard curve and serial dilutions of chub mackerel serum and pituitary extract was observed for both Fsh and Lh ELISAs. Comparison between vitellogenic and immature females revealed that Fsh is secreted during vitellogenesis and Lh is barely released during immaturity. After gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) injection, vitellogenic females showed increases in serum Lh, whereas serum levels of Fsh did not vary. Moreover, the serum steroid profiles revealed that estradiol-17β was continuously produced after GnRHa treatment, whereas 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one secretion was transiently induced. These results indicate that, in vitellogenic females, GnRHa stimulates the release of Lh, but not Fsh, which results in acceleration of vitellogenesis and induction of oocyte maturation via steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Nyuji
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
| | - Masami Hamaguchi
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hatsukaichi Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Sayoko Isu
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Michio Yoneda
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hakatajima Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Imabari 794-2305, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsuyama
- Aqua-Bioresource Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Hormone- and antibody-mediated activation of the thyrotropin receptor. Nature 2022; 609:854-859. [PMID: 35940204 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), through activation of its G protein-coupled thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), controls the synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH), an essential metabolic hormone1-3. Aberrant signaling of TSHR by autoantibodies causes Graves' disease and hypothyroidism that affect millions of patients worldwide4. Here we report the active structures of TSHR with TSH and an activating autoantibody M225, both bound to an allosteric agonist ML-1096, as well as an inactivated TSHR structure with inhibitory antibody K1-707. Both TSH and M22 push the extracellular domain (ECD) of TSHR into the upright active conformation. In contrast, K1-70 blocks TSH binding and is incapable of pushing the ECD to the upright conformation. Comparisons of the active and inactivated structures of TSHR with those of the luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) reveal a universal activation mechanism of glycoprotein hormone receptors, in which a conserved 10-residue fragment (P10) from the hinge C-terminal loop mediates ECD interactions with the TSHR transmembrane domain8. One surprisingly feature is that there are over 15 cholesterols surrounding TSHR, supporting its preferential location in lipid rafts9. These structures also highlight a similar ECD-push mechanism for TSH and autoantibody M22 to activate TSHR, thus providing the molecular basis for Graves' disease.
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Omony JB, Biran J, Kahwa D, Aizen J, Golan M, Nyatia E, Levavi-Sivan B, Rutaisire J. Cloning of gonadotropin Gph-alpha, FSH-beta and LH-beta subunits and seasonal profiles of steroid hormones in wild-caught Nile perch, Lates niloticus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114035. [PMID: 35395227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Nile perch (np; Lates niloticus) is a freshwater teleost species with a potential for aquaculture in freshwater surroundings. However, wild-caught breeders have persistently failed to spawn spontaneously in captivity. Cloning of the gonadotropin subunits and analysing seasonal variation in reproductive hormone levels for a 1-year period were done to gain knowledge on the physiological basis underlying the reproductive biology of np. The β-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-β) and β-luteinizing hormone (LH-β) subunits and their common α-glycoprotein (Gph-α) subunit were cloned using 3' and 5' RACE-PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the npgph-α, npfsh-β, and nplh-β subunits were 664, 580 and 675 nucleotides in length, encoding peptides of 124, 120 and 148 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of each mature subunit showed high similarity with its counterparts in other teleost. Sequence analysis showed that npFSH-β is more similar to higher vertebrate FSH-βs than to higher vertebrate LH-βs. Heterologous immunoassay was calibrated to analyse pituitary LH levels. While the LH immunoassay showed parallelism of npLH with that of tilapia (ta), no parallelism for FSH was found. Levels of pituitary LH were higher in females at gonadal stages of vitellogenic oocytes, mature secondary oocytes and mature tertiary oocytes with migrating nucleus than in pre-vitellogenic oocytes and early and late perinucleolus oocytes. Using competitive steroid ELISA, variations in the levels of the steroid hormones 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in males and E2 in females were characterized in relation to month and reproductive index of Nile perch. Our findings show that in females, gonadosomatic index and plasma E2 were highly correlated (R2 = 0.699, n = 172) and peaked from September to November while in males, the gonadosomatic index and plasma 11-KT peaked from October to November. In female fish, both steroid hormones were detected in the plasma but greatly varied in concentrations. E2 in particular, increased with the developmental stage of the gonads. The levels of steroid hormones, E2 and 11-KT in females and males respectively increased with fish size (total lengths) and suggest that females mature at a body length of 40-59 cm than their counter part males that mature at a total length of 60-70 cm. Taken together, we describe seasonal endocrine differences in wild-caught adult Nile perch which could potentially be exploited to manipulate the reproductive axis in cultured breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Omony
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
| | - Jakob Biran
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Center, Rishon Letzion 7528809, Israel.
| | - David Kahwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Aizen
- The Faculty of Marine Science, Ruppin Academic Centre, Michmoret 4029700, Israel.
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Center, Rishon Letzion 7528809, Israel.
| | - Edward Nyatia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Justus Rutaisire
- Directorate of Corporate Services, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Secretariat (NAROSEC), Plot 1-3 Lugard Avenue, P.O Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
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Zhang W, Ren W, Han D, Zhao G, Wang H, Guo H, Zheng Y, Ji Z, Gao W, Yuan B. LncRNA-m18as1 competitively binds with miR-18a-5p to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone secretion through the Smad2/3 pathway in rat primary pituitary cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:502-514. [PMID: 35686528 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in different species and different tissues, and perform different functions, but little is known about their involvement in the synthesis or secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In general, we have revealed lncRNA‒microRNA (miRNA)‒messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions that may play important roles in rat primary pituitary cells. In this study, a new lncRNA was identified for the first time. First, we analyzed the gene expression of lncRNA-m18as1 in different tissues and different stages by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and observed the localization of lncRNA-m18as1 with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which indicated that this lncRNA was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Next, we used RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze the regulation of FSH synthesis and secretion after overexpression or knockdown of lncRNA-m18as1 and found that lncRNA-m18as1 was positively correlated with FSH synthesis and secretion. In addition, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) was highly expressed in our sequencing results. We also screened miR-18a-5p from our sequencing results as a miRNA that may bind to lncRNA-m18as1 and Smad2. We used RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) and/or dual luciferase assays to confirm that lncRNA-m18as1 interacted with miR-18a-5p and miR-18a-5p interacted with Smad2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that lncRNA-m18as1 and miR-18a-5p were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Finally, we determined the relationship among lncRNA-m18as1, miR-18a-5p, and the Smad2/3 pathway. Overall, we found that lncRNA-m18as1 acts as a molecular sponge of miR-18a-5p to regulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH through the Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guokun Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haixiang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhonghao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Bao Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. ,
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Huang H, Pan R, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhu H, Wang S, Khan AA, Wang J, Liu X. L3MBTL2-mediated CGA transcriptional suppression promotes pancreatic cancer progression through modulating autophagy. iScience 2022; 25:104249. [PMID: 35521536 PMCID: PMC9061862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L3MBTL2 is a crucial component of ncPRC1.6 and has been implicated in transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction. However, the repression mechanism of L3MBTL2 and its biological functions are largely undefined. Here, we found that L3MBTL2 plays a distinct oncogenic role in tumor development. We demonstrated that L3MBTL2 repressed downstream CGA through an H2AK119ub1-dependent mechanism. Importantly, the binding of the MGA/MAX heterodimer to the E-box on the CGA promoter enhanced the specific selective repression of CGA by L3MBTL2. CGA encodes the alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones; however, we showed that CGA plays an individual tumor suppressor role in PDAC. Moreover, CGA-transcript1 (T1) was identified as the major transcript, and the tumor suppression function of CGA-T1 depends on its own glycosylation. Furthermore, glycosylated CGA-T1 inhibited PDAC, partly by repression of autophagy through multiple pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR and TP53INP2 pathways. These findings reveal the important roles of L3MBTL2 and CGA in tumor development. L3MBTL2 plays a distinct oncogenic role in tumor development L3MBTL2 represses CGA transcription mainly by mediating ubiquitination of H2A CGA plays an individual tumor suppressor role in pancreatic cancer Glycosylated CGA inhibited PDAC partly through repression of autophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Ruining Pan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Huan Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huiyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Aamir Ali Khan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Corresponding author
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30
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Al-Dailami AN, Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange AB. Exploring the role of glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 in the medically important insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Peptides 2022; 149:170710. [PMID: 34915093 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein hormones are formed by the heterodimerization of alpha and beta subunits. In vertebrates, there are five glycoprotein hormones, four of which have a common alpha subunit (GPA1) bound to a specific beta subunit (GPB1, GPB2, GPB3, or GPB4), and the fifth, thyrostimulin, is formed by the dimerization of GPA2 and GPB5 subunits. These hormones mediate physiological events such as development, metabolism, and reproduction, although the functional role of thyrostimulin in vertebrates has not been fully elucidated. Recent reports in invertebrates, specifically in holometabolous insects, suggest that GPA2/GPB5 plays a critical role in development, diuresis, and reproduction. In this study, we clone and characterize the transcripts for the glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 and its receptor (LGR1) in fifth instar Rhodnius prolixus, a hemimetabolous insect vector of Chagas disease. Sequence analyses reveals considerable identity and similarity between GPA2/GPB5 and LGR1 and those reported in other arthropod species. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) shows that both subunit transcripts, GPA2 and GPB5, and LGR1 transcripts are present in a variety of tissues, with greatest expression of the subunits in the central nervous system (CNS) and highest LGR1 expression in the Malpighian tubules (MT). Results from temporal qPCR analyses reveal a decrease in transcript expression 24 h after feeding, followed by an increase as the days post-feeding advance. Using immunohistochemistry, we show that GPB5 is expressed throughout the CNS, and importantly is present in neurosecretory cells in the brain and abdominal neuromeres and their neurohemal organs, indicating a neurohormonal role for this signaling pathway. A reduction in LGR1 transcript expression (via RNA interference) led to a greater weight loss and mortality rate in unfed insects. In addition, when a blood meal is offered, the insects with reduced LGR1 consume a significantly smaller blood meal and have higher mortality rates as the days post-feeding advance. Overall, the results suggest that the GPA2/GPB5 signaling pathway may play roles during a prolonged unfed state and in feeding-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej N Al-Dailami
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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31
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Soyano K, Amagai T, Yamaguchi T, Mushirobira Y, Xu WG, Phạm NT, Murata R. Endocrine Regulation of Maturation and Sex Change in Groupers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050825. [PMID: 35269447 PMCID: PMC8909327 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Groupers are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, are key species to coastal ecosystems, and valuable fishery targets. To facilitate artificial seed production technology for grouper aquaculture, the mechanisms of reproduction and gonad development are being elucidated for these important species. In addition, since groupers are sexually dimorphic fish with female-first maturity (protogynous hermaphrodite fish), research is being conducted to clarify the ecological mechanism of sex change and their reproductive physiology, focusing on the endocrine system. In recent years, research on groupers has also been conducted to understand changes in the coastal environment caused by ocean warming and man-made chemicals. However, due to difficulties associated with conducting research using wild populations for breeding experiments, knowledge of the physiology and ecology of these fish is lacking, especially their reproductive physiology. In this review, we present information on the reproductive physiology and endocrinology of groupers obtained to date, together with the characteristics of their life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Sciences and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.M.); (N.T.P.); (R.M.)
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-850-7701; Fax: +81-95-840-1881
| | - Takafumi Amagai
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Sciences and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.M.); (N.T.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Tomofumi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 148 Fukaiota, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0451, Japan
| | - Yuji Mushirobira
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Sciences and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.M.); (N.T.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Wen-Gang Xu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan RD, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Nhan Thành Phạm
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Sciences and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.M.); (N.T.P.); (R.M.)
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Ryosuke Murata
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Sciences and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.M.); (N.T.P.); (R.M.)
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Hu Sheep Pituitary Gland Prolificacy at the Follicular and Luteal Phases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030440. [PMID: 35327994 PMCID: PMC8949571 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland directly regulates the reproduction of domestic animals. Research has increasingly focused on the potential regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA in pituitary development. Little is known about the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs in Hu sheep, a famous sheep breed with high fecundity, and its role in the pituitary gland between the follicular phase and luteal phase. Herein, to identify the transcriptomic differences of the sheep pituitary gland during the estrus cycle, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed. The results showed that 3529 lncRNAs and 16,651 mRNAs were identified in the pituitary gland. Among of them, 144 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA transcripts and 557 DE mRNA transcripts were screened in the follicular and luteal phases. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that 39 downregulated and 22 upregulated genes interacted with pituitary functions and reproduction. Lastly, the interaction of the candidate lncRNA XR_001039544.4 and its targeted gene LHB were validated in sheep pituitary cells in vitro. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 and LHB showed high expression levels in the luteal phase in Hu sheep. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 is mainly located in the cytoplasm, as determined by FISH analysis, indicating that XR_001039544.4 might act as competing endogenous RNAs for miRNAs to regulate LHB. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 knockdown significantly inhibited LH secretion and cell proliferation. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 may regulate the secretion of LH in the luteal-phase pituitary gland via affecting cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings provided genome-wide lncRNA- and mRNA-expression profiles for the sheep pituitary gland between the follicular and luteal phases, thereby contributing to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of pituitary function.
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Randomized Pharmacokinetic Study of a Highly Purified Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and of a Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Following Single Subcutaneous Administration in Healthy Women. Clin Drug Investig 2022; 42:199-206. [PMID: 35137345 PMCID: PMC8930902 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-022-01118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) acts on the final phase of the follicle maturation. Choriomon®, a highly purified hCG formulation, is approved in many European and extra-European countries for the induction of ovulation after stimulation of follicular development. The present study compares hCG bioavailability of Choriomon® (Test product) versus a recombinant hCG preparation (Ovitrelle®; Reference product). Methods In this randomized, two-way cross-over study, 26 healthy women received a single dose of Choriomon® (10,000 IU) and Ovitrelle® (250 µg; 6500 IU) by subcutaneous injection. hCG was determined in serum up to 192 h post-dose. Dose-normalized peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve up to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t) and extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) were calculated and compared between the two treatments. Results Serum hCG concentrations increased rapidly with a very similar pharmacokinetic curve for the two products. The test/reference geometric means ratio (GMR) for AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ corresponded to 121.31 and 119.81%, and the upper limits of the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) (130.21% and 128.51%, for AUC0–t and AUC0–∞, respectively) exceeded the 125% bioequivalence threshold. Cmax GMR was 146.89%, indicating a rate of hCG absorption approximately 50% greater for the test product (90% CI 132.30–163.10). Half-life (t1/2) was very similar (36.77 ± 5.11 h and 38.63 ± 6.08 h), whereas time to achieve Cmax (tmax) significantly differed, with median values of 16 h and 24 h for Choriomon® and Ovitrelle®, respectively, (p = 0.0023). Conclusions The differences between Choriomon® and Ovitrelle® pharmacokinetic parameters can be ascribed to the different raw source of the products and are reflected in the approved dose regimens of the two hCG formulations. The observed lack of bioequivalence between the two compounds at the given doses is not clinically relevant, as results from Phase III studies indicated similar clinical efficacy and safety. The safety data are in line with the known safety profile of the two products. Clinicaltrials.gov registration no NCT03735030.
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WEDYAN M, MESLOUB I, QNAIS E, BSEISO YG, ALQUDAH A, HUSSEIN E, AL GHENAIMI S. The correlation between serum leptin level and thyroid hormones in Jordanian hypothyroidism patients. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Male Pheromones Induce Ovulation in Female Honeycomb Groupers ( Epinephelus merra): A Comprehensive Study of Spawning Aggregation Behavior and Ovarian Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030484. [PMID: 35159292 PMCID: PMC8833890 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the spawning phenomena of the honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra), which is a lunar-synchronized spawner that spawns a few days after full moon. To elucidate the aggregation characteristics of wild honeycomb groupers, the numbers of males and females at the spawning grounds were counted before and after the full moon. Approximately 20 males were consistently observed at the spawning grounds throughout the study period. Females appeared several days after full moon and rapidly increased in number, peaking four days after full moon (41 individuals). The maturation status of the females aggregating at the spawning grounds was investigated. The gonadosomatic index increased rapidly three days after full moon, and ovulation was confirmed. Individuals with ovulatory eggs were present for three days, after which the number of females at the spawning grounds decreased. Additionally, the role of males in final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation in females during the spawning phase was investigated in captivity. FOM was induced in females reared in water with mature males, suggesting that male pheromones in the water induced FOM via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This suggests that spawning at the natural spawning grounds was the result of male–female interactions via pheromones.
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Roles of Gonadotropin Receptors in Sexual Development of Medaka. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030387. [PMID: 35159197 PMCID: PMC8834109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are secreted from the pituitary and bind to the FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) to regulate gonadal development in vertebrates. Previously, using fshr-knockout (KO) medaka (Oryzias latipes), we demonstrated that FSH regulates ovarian development by elevating estrogen levels. However, the lhr-KO phenotype in medaka is poorly characterized. Here, we generated lhr-KO medaka using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique. We analyzed its phenotype and that of fshr-KO, lhr;fshr double-heterozygotes (double-hetero), and double-KO fish. All genetically male medaka displayed normal testes and were fertile, whereas fshr-KO and double-KO genetically female fish displayed small ovaries containing many early pre-vitellogenic oocytes and were infertile. Although lhr-KO genetically female fish had normal ovaries with full-grown oocytes, ovulation did not occur. Levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which is required for meiotic maturation of oocytes and sperm maturation in teleost fish, were significantly decreased in all KO female medaka ovaries except for double-heteros. Further, 17β-estradiol levels in fshr-KO and double-KO ovaries were significantly lower than those in double-heteros. These findings indicate that LH is necessary for oocyte maturation and FSH is necessary for follicle development, but that neither are essential for spermatogenesis in medaka.
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Liu Y, Wang P, Zhou Z, He X, Tao L, Jiang Y, Lan R, Hong Q, Chu M. Expression Profile Analysis to Identify Circular RNA Expression Signatures in the Prolificacy Trait of Yunshang Black Goat Pituitary in the Estrus Cycle. Front Genet 2022; 12:801357. [PMID: 35140742 PMCID: PMC8820483 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.801357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is an important organ. It is a complex area of the brain involved in endocrine function and reproductive regulation. However, the function of the pituitary in goat reproduction is still unclear. Herein, RNA sequencing was used to explore the expression patterns of circle RNAs (circRNAs) in the pituitary of Yunshang black goats during the various estrus phases. Then the host genes of the circRNAs were predicted, and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. The results showed a total of 6,705 circRNAs in the pituitary of Yunshang black goats, among which 388 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs (214 were upregulated, while 174 were downregulated) were identified between high- and low-yield Yunshang black goats in the follicular phase (HF vs. LF); moreover, 361 DE circRNAs (136 were upregulated, while 225 were downregulated) were identified between high- and low-yield Yunshang black goats in the luteal phase (HL vs. LL). There were 65 DE circRNAs targeting 40 miRNAs in the HF vs. LF comparison and 46 DE circRNAs targeting 31 miRNAs in the HL vs. LL comparison. We identified chi_circ_0030920, chi_circ_0043017, chi_circ_0008353, chi_circ_0041580, and chi_circ_0016478 as the key circRNAs through functional enrichment analysis. The ceRNA network analysis showed that chi_circ_0031209 and chi_circ_0019448 might play an important role in reproduction by influencing the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in high- and low-yielding goats during the luteal phase, whereas chi_circ_0014542 regulates the expression of WNT5A during the follicular phase. Our study provided the overall expression profiles of circRNAs in the goat pituitary during the estrus phase, which provides new insight into the mechanism of high-yield goats, which can be helpful to guide goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zuyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Lan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qionghua Hong, ; Mingxing Chu,
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qionghua Hong, ; Mingxing Chu,
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Haldar S, Agrawal H, Saha S, Straughn AR, Roy P, Kakar SS. Overview of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptors in reproduction and in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:675-692. [PMID: 35002517 PMCID: PMC8741861 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) have been reported to be responsible for several physiological functions and cancers. The responsiveness of stem cells and cancer stem cells towards the FSH-FSHR system make the function of FSH and its receptors more interesting in the context of cancer biology. This review is comprised of comprehensive information on FSH-FSHR signaling in normal physiology, gonadal stem cells, cancer cells, and potential options of utilizing FSH-FSHR system as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Current address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Kozlov AP. Mammalian tumor-like organs. 1. The role of tumor-like normal organs and atypical tumor organs in the evolution of development (carcino-evo-devo). Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35012580 PMCID: PMC8751115 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier I hypothesized that hereditary tumors might participate in the evolution of multicellular organisms. I formulated the hypothesis of evolution by tumor neofunctionalization, which suggested that the evolutionary role of hereditary tumors might consist in supplying evolving multicellular organisms with extra cell masses for the expression of evolutionarily novel genes and the origin of new cell types, tissues, and organs. A new theory—the carcino-evo-devo theory—has been developed based on this hypothesis. Main text My lab has confirmed several non-trivial predictions of this theory. Another non-trivial prediction is that evolutionarily new organs if they originated from hereditary tumors or tumor-like structures, should recapitulate some tumor features in their development. This paper reviews the tumor-like features of evolutionarily novel organs. It turns out that evolutionarily new organs such as the eutherian placenta, mammary gland, prostate, the infantile human brain, and hoods of goldfishes indeed have many features of tumors. I suggested calling normal organs, which have many tumor features, the tumor-like organs. Conclusion Tumor-like organs might originate from hereditary atypical tumor organs and represent the part of carcino-evo-devo relationships, i.e., coevolution of normal and neoplastic development. During subsequent evolution, tumor-like organs may lose the features of tumors and the high incidence of cancer and become normal organs without (or with almost no) tumor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kozlov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Gubkina Street, Moscow, Russia, 117971. .,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251.
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Xiang T, Zhang S, Li Q, Li L, Liu H, Chen C, Yang G, Yang M. GPHB5 Is a Biomarker in Women With Metabolic Syndrome: Results From Cross-Sectional and Intervention Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893142. [PMID: 35757403 PMCID: PMC9218212 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have found that GPHB5 has a similar effect on system metabolism as TSH. However, the relationship between GPHB5 and metabolic diseases remains unknown. This study investigates the relationship between GPHB5 and MetS in young women. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between GPHB5 and metabolic-related genes and signaling pathways. EHC and OGTT were performed on all individuals. Lipid-infusion, physical activity, and cold-exposure tests were performed on healthy individuals. Serum GPHB5 concentrations were measured by an ELISA kit. RESULTS PPI network showed that 11 genes interacted with GPHB5, in which POMC and KISS1R were involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. GO analysis showed 56 pathways for BP and 16 pathways for MF, in which OPRM1 and MCR families were related to energy metabolism. KEGG analysis found that GPHB5 is associated with lipolysis and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. The levels of circulating GPHB5 were significantly increased, while serum adiponectin levels were lower in MetS women compared with healthy women. Obese/overweight individuals had lower adiponectin levels and higher GPHB5 levels. Circulating GPHB5 levels were positively correlated with BMI, WHR, blood pressure, FBG, 2 h-BG, HbA1c, FIns, 2h-Ins, LDL-C, FFA, HOMA-IR, and AUCg, etc. but negatively correlated with HDL-C, adiponectin, and M-values. Serum GPHB5 levels did not change significantly during the OGTT, EHC, and lipid infusion. Physical activity and cold-exposure tests did not lead to changes in GPHB5 levels. GLP-1RA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum GPHB5 levels. CONCLUSIONS GPHB5 may be a biomarker for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinge Li
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in the Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in the Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Endocrinology, School of Biomedical Science (SBMS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Gangyi Yang, ; Mengliu Yang,
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Gangyi Yang, ; Mengliu Yang,
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Wahl M, Levy T, Manor R, Aflalo ED, Sagi A, Aizen J. Genes Encoding the Glycoprotein Hormone GPA2/GPB5 and the Receptor LGR1 in a Female Prawn. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:823818. [PMID: 35399936 PMCID: PMC8990981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.823818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate reproduction, metabolism, growth and development, essential roles are played by glycoprotein hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), all of which are heterodimers consisting of two subunits, a structurally identical alpha subunit, and a variable beta subunit, which provides specificity. A 'new' glycoprotein hormone heterodimer identified in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including decapod crustaceans, was shown to be composed of the glycoprotein alpha 2 (GPA2) and glycoprotein beta 5 (GPB5) subunits. The putative receptor for GPA2/GPB5 in invertebrates is the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 1 (LGR1). In this study in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, we identified and characterized the GPA2 (MrGPA2), GPB5 (MrGPB5) and LGR1 (MrLGR1) encoding genes and revealed their spatial expression patterns in female animals. Loss-of-function RNA interference (RNAi) experiments in M. rosenbergii females demonstrated a negative correlation between MrGPA2/MrGPB5 silencing and MrLGR1 transcript levels, suggesting a possible ligand-receptor interaction. The relative transcript levels of M. rosenbergii vitellogenin (MrVg) in the hepatopancreas were significantly reduced following MrGPA2/MrGPB5 knockdown. MrLGR1 loss-of-function induced MrVg receptor (MrVgR) transcript levels in the ovary and resulted in significantly larger oocytes in the silenced group compared to the control group. Our results provide insight into the possible role of GPA2/GPB5-LGR1 in female reproduction, as shown by its effect on MrVg and MrVgR expression and on the oocyte development. Here, we suggest that the GPA2/GPB5 heterodimer act as a gonad inhibiting factor in the eyestalk-hepatopancreas-ovary endocrine axis in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Wahl
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tom Levy
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rivka Manor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eliahu D. Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Amir Sagi, ; Joseph Aizen,
| | - Joseph Aizen
- The Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
- *Correspondence: Amir Sagi, ; Joseph Aizen,
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Fernández Sánchez M, Višnová H, Larsson P, Yding Andersen C, Filicori M, Blockeel C, Pinborg A, Khalaf Y, Mannaerts B. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1161-1174. [PMID: 35451013 PMCID: PMC9156848 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION SUMMARY ANSWER WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernández Sánchez
- IVI-RMA Seville, Seville, Spain
- Departament of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Fundacion IVI, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Per Larsson
- Global Biometrics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yacoub Khalaf
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bernadette Mannaerts
- Correspondence address. Reproductive Medicine & Maternal Health, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Amager Strandvej 405, 2770 Kastrup, Denmark. E-mail:
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Toufaily C, Fortin J, Alonso CA, Lapointe E, Zhou X, Santiago-Andres Y, Lin YF, Cui Y, Wang Y, Devost D, Roelfsema F, Steyn F, Hanyaloglu AC, Hébert TE, Fiordelisio T, Boerboom D, Bernard DJ. Addition of a carboxy terminal tail to the normally tailless gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor impairs fertility in female mice. eLife 2021; 10:72937. [PMID: 34939930 PMCID: PMC8741216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary neuropeptide controlling reproduction in vertebrates. GnRH stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis via a G-protein-coupled receptor, GnRHR, in the pituitary gland. In mammals, GnRHR lacks a C-terminal cytosolic tail (Ctail) and does not exhibit homologous desensitization. This might be an evolutionary adaptation that enables LH surge generation and ovulation. To test this idea, we fused the chicken GnRHR Ctail to the endogenous murine GnRHR in a transgenic model. The LH surge was blunted, but not blocked in these mice. In contrast, they showed reductions in FSH production, ovarian follicle development, and fertility. Addition of the Ctail altered the nature of agonist-induced calcium signaling required for normal FSH production. The loss of the GnRHR Ctail during mammalian evolution is unlikely to have conferred a selective advantage by enabling the LH surge. The adaptive significance of this specialization remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Toufaily
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jérôme Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carlos Ai Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evelyne Lapointe
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Universite de Montreal, Ste-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yorgui Santiago-Andres
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yeu-Farn Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yiming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- 3epartamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Universite de Montreal, Ste-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Brûlé E, Wang Y, Li Y, Lin YF, Zhou X, Ongaro L, Alonso CAI, Buddle ERS, Schneyer AL, Byeon CH, Hinck CS, Mendelev N, Russell JP, Cowan M, Boehm U, Ruf-Zamojski F, Zamojski M, Andoniadou CL, Sealfon SC, Harrison CA, Walton KL, Hinck AP, Bernard DJ. TGFBR3L is an inhibin B co-receptor that regulates female fertility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl4391. [PMID: 34910520 PMCID: PMC8673766 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a key regulator of ovarian function, is often used in infertility treatment. Gonadal inhibins suppress FSH synthesis by pituitary gonadotrope cells. The TGFβ type III receptor, betaglycan, is required for inhibin A suppression of FSH. The inhibin B co-receptor was previously unknown. Here, we report that the gonadotrope-restricted transmembrane protein, TGFBR3L, is the elusive inhibin B co-receptor. TGFBR3L binds inhibin B but not other TGFβ family ligands. TGFBR3L knockdown or overexpression abrogates or confers inhibin B activity in cells. Female Tgfbr3l knockout mice exhibit increased FSH levels, ovarian follicle development, and litter sizes. In contrast, female mice lacking both TGFBR3L and betaglycan are infertile. TGFBR3L’s function and cell-specific expression make it an attractive new target for the regulation of FSH and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brûlé
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yeu-Farn Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carlos A. I. Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Evan R. S. Buddle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Chang-Hyeock Byeon
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalia Mendelev
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P. Russell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mitra Cowan
- McGill Integrated Core for Animal Modeling (MICAM), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederique Ruf-Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig A. Harrison
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Walton
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Bernard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Duan J, Xu P, Cheng X, Mao C, Croll T, He X, Shi J, Luan X, Yin W, You E, Liu Q, Zhang S, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Xu HE. Structures of full-length glycoprotein hormone receptor signalling complexes. Nature 2021; 598:688-692. [PMID: 34552239 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are glycoprotein hormones that are related to follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone1,2. Luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are essential to human reproduction and are important therapeutic drugs3-6. They activate the same G-protein-coupled receptor, luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), by binding to the large extracellular domain3. Here we report four cryo-electron microscopy structures of LHCGR: two structures of the wild-type receptor in the inactive and active states; and two structures of the constitutively active mutated receptor. The active structures are bound to chorionic gonadotropin and the stimulatory G protein (Gs), and one of the structures also contains Org43553, an allosteric agonist7. The structures reveal a distinct 'push-and-pull' mechanism of receptor activation, in which the extracellular domain is pushed by the bound hormone and pulled by the extended hinge loop next to the transmembrane domain. A highly conserved 10-residue fragment (P10) from the hinge C-terminal loop at the interface between the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain functions as a tethered agonist to induce conformational changes in the transmembrane domain and G-protein coupling. Org43553 binds to a pocket of the transmembrane domain and interacts directly with P10, which further stabilizes the active conformation. Together, these structures provide a common model for understanding the signalling of glycoprotein hormone receptors and a basis for drug discovery for endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zheijang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tristan Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erli You
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zheijang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang M, Wang C, Fei X, Lin Z. Pregnancy confirmed after controlled ovarian stimulation for infertility: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27140. [PMID: 34664838 PMCID: PMC8447983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONAL Induction of ovarian stimulation by use of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) long protocol in the luteal phase is a common practice and results in stable pregnancy and live births; it is often used in patients with normal ovarian function. Some patients with normal ovulation may be pregnant before ovulation induction, which can be easily confirmed by asking the patient about cessation of menstruation. However, some pregnancy complications may cause vaginal bleeding along with normal menstrual blood loss; in such a situation, hormone levels can often mirror that seen in pituitary down-regulation and the value of β-HCG may be less than 5 mIU/mL. Under these conditions, the physician might start the cycle of ovarian stimulation. During ovarian stimulation, the increase in β-HCG can cause premature luteinization and follicle maturation disorder, and poor embryo quality, which can easily be overlooked. In this study, we report a case of pregnancy at the end of controlled ovarian stimulation induced by GnRHa long protocol in the luteal phase, followed by follicle maturation disorder and poor embryo quality. This case provided a reference and served as a cautionary note that could perhaps obviate occurrence of similar cases. PATIENT CONCERNS A 30-year-old woman with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility was scheduled for in vitro fertilization embryo culture (IVF) at our clinic. Pregnancy was confirmed at the end of controlled ovarian stimulation, which was followed by follicular maturation disorder and poor embryo quality. DIAGNOSIS The patient with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility was scheduled for IVF at our clinic. INTERVENTIONS Oocyte retrieval was still arranged for her after confirmation of pregnancy. As per the β-HCG level and the trans-vaginal ultrasound examination findings, we considered 2 possibilities: an adverse intrauterine pregnancy or extra-uterine pregnancy. Therefore, we decided to terminate the pregnancy; hence, 50 mg/d of mifepristone was given for 2 days, combined with 200 μg misoprostol. OUTCOMES Elevated β-HCG level had an adverse effect on maturation and fertilization of oocytes, and even embryo quality. CONCLUSION Once pregnancy is confirmed, ovulation induction should be terminated as soon as possible.
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Lee SY, Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kang HJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Roles of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites in the activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin in cells expressing rat luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 34482828 PMCID: PMC8419929 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), which comprises highly glycosylated α-subunit and β-subunit, is a unique member of the glycoprotein hormone family as it elicits both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like responses in non-equid species. To examine the biological function of glycosylated sites in eCG, the following glycosylation site mutants were constructed: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of Asn56 of α-subunit with Gln; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation site at the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) region of the β-subunit; eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. The recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) mutants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. The FSH-like and LH-like activities of the mutants were examined using CHO-K1 cells expressing rat lutropin/CG receptor (rLH/CGR) and rat FSH receptor (rFSHR). Results Both rec-eCGβ/α and rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 were efficiently secreted into the CHO-S cell culture medium on day 1 post-transfection. However, the secretion of eCGβ-D/α and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, which lack approximately 12 O-linked glycosylation sites, was slightly delayed. The expression levels of all mutants were similar (200–250 mIU/mL) from days 3 to 7 post-transfection. The molecular weight of rec-eCGβ/α, rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 and rec-eCG β-D/α were in the ranges of 40–45, 37–42, and 34–36 kDa, respectively. Treatment with peptide-N-glycanase F markedly decreased the molecular weight to approximately 5–10 kDa. Rec-eCGβ/αΔ56 exhibited markedly downregulated LH-like activity. The signal transduction activity of both double mutants was completely impaired. This indicated that the glycosylation site at Asn56 of the α-subunit plays a pivotal role in the LH-like activity of eCG. Similarly, the FSH-like activity of the mutants was markedly downregulated. eCGβ-D/α exhibited markedly downregulated LH-like and FSH-like activities. Conclusions Rec-eCGβ/α exhibits potent biological activity in cells expressing rLH/CGR and rFSHR. The findings of this study suggest that the LH-like and FSH-like activities of eCG are regulated by the N-linked glycosylation site at Asn56 of the eCG α-subunit and/or by the O-linked glycosylation sites of the eCG β-subunit. These findings improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both LH-like and FSH-like activities of eCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Han-Ju Kang
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea. .,School of Animal Life Biotechnology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea.
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Yamaguchi Y, Nagata J, Nishimiya O, Kawasaki T, Hiramatsu N, Todo T. Molecular characterization of fshb and lhb subunits and their expression profiles in captive white-edged rockfish, Sebastes taczanowskii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 261:111055. [PMID: 34389493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental knowledge on the regulation of reproduction by gonadotropins (Gths) is quite limited in viviparous fishes. In the present study, we performed molecular cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding two Gth subunits (fshb and lhb) from the pituitaries of viviparous white-edged rockfish, Sebastes taczanowskii; expression profiles of both gene transcripts were elucidated in the pituitaries of reproductive males and females which were kept in a captive environment. The cloned fshb and lhb fragments exhibited high sequence identities with corresponding β-subunit sequences from black rockfish, S. schlegelii. Notably, the fshb of white-edged rockfish appeared to lack a putative N-glycosylation site, whereas lhb conserved it. Expression of fshb and lhb transcripts in the rockfish pituitaries largely changed in synchrony but for minor exceptions. In males, levels of both transcripts increased with progression of spermatogenesis, although the peak for fshb (October) appeared slightly earlier than that for lhb (November). In females, both gene transcripts exhibited synchronous bimodal changes. High expression of fshb and lhb transcripts in the female pituitary during the gestation period, followed by the drastic decrease at parturition, suggest their possible involvement in regulation of gestation of this species. The knowledge gained for Sebastes in this study superimposes fundamental information necessary for further physiological understanding of viviparity in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Nagata
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimiya
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawasaki
- Mariculture Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, 1-156-3 Hunami, Muroran, Hokkaido 051-0013, Japan
| | - Naoshi Hiramatsu
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Todo
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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Horie Y, Takahashi C. Influence of salinity on physiological development and zinc toxicity in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1138-1149. [PMID: 34106375 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is a suitable model organism for evaluating the effects of environmental chemicals on marine teleosts, we examined the effect of salinity on physiological development and zinc toxicity. Growth as measured by total body length was significantly lower in fresh water compared to brackish water. Reproductive success was also significantly reduced in fresh water, although we observed cells in the pituitary producing gonadotropins such as Gpa (common glycoprotein hormone α), Fshb (follicle stimulating hormone β), and Lhb (luteinizing hormone β) at all salinities. These results indicate that O. melastigma is adaptable to various salinities from fresh to seawater, and brackish water is best for physiological processes including growth performance and reproduction. When zinc was dissolved in saltwater, a white precipitate formed immediately, and the dissolved concentration decreased in the supernatant and increased at precipitate. We performed zinc toxicity tests on early life stage and adult stage in fresh water, brackish water, and seawater. Among adults, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (15.3 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (>48 mg/L) or seawater (>48 mg/L). Similarly, among embryos and larvae, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (4.8 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (48 mg/L) or seawater (48 mg/L). These results highlight the importance of using marine organisms to evaluate the ecological effects of marine pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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Effect of Fishmeal Content in the Diet on the Growth and Sexual Maturation of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthysolivaceus) at a Typical Fish Farm. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072055. [PMID: 34359181 PMCID: PMC8300409 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing demand for an efficient and economic fishmeal feed for sustainable aquaculture has urged the aquafeed sector to seek an optimum fish-feed formulation. This study investigated the physiological response in olive flounder fed various fishmeal diets in a typical fish farm. The fish were farmed for 20 weeks, using the following experimental feeds: a control feed (CON), a replacement by 20% (F20), and 30% (F30) of the fish meal content of the CON. All groups showed no significant difference in growth and survival rates. However, due to investigating hormone expression associated with maturation, high expression of PSS-I and low expression of FSH-β, ER-α, and ER-β in FM30 compared to other experimental groups were observed. Therefore, up to 30% fishmeal replacement does not affect growth, but it appears to have a slight effect on the sexual development of olive flounder. Abstract Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a commercially important and valuable species for aquaculture in Korea. Due to the unstable supply of fishmeal for farmed fish, an optimum fish-feed formulation should be researched to ensure the sustainability of P. olivaceus aquaculture. This study investigated the effect of three experimental diets: Con (basal diet); FM20 (20% fishmeal replacement of CON); and FM30 (30% fishmeal replacement of CON) on P. olivaceus over 20 weeks at a typical farm by monitoring the growth and factors relating to sexual maturation. The results showed that no differences in growth were observed between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Gonadal oocyte development was similar between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Moreover, sbGnRH and GH expression did not differ between the CON and diet-replacement groups. The levels of Erβ and Vtg expression were significantly higher in the FM20 group than in the CON and FM30 groups after the experimental period. The expression of PSS-I was significantly higher in the FM30 group than in the CON and FM20 groups. Therefore, although growth occurred when 30% of the fishmeal was replaced, such high dietary protein replacement may be ill-advised during the maturation of olive flounder at the commercial fish farm.
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