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Francuski L, Ludoški J, Milutinović A, Krtinić B, Milankov V. Comparative Phylogeography and Integrative Taxonomy of Ochlerotatus caspius (Dipera: Culicidae) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:222-240. [PMID: 33432351 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given that accurately identifying pathogen vectors is vital for designing efficient mosquito control programs based on the proper surveillance of the epidemiologically important species, it has been suggested the complementary use of independently evolving genes and morphometric traits as a reliable approach for the characterization and delimitation of related species. Hence, we examined the spatial distribution of COI mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA variation from the historical perspective of Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas, 1771) and O. dorsalis (Meigen, 1830), while simultaneously testing the utility of the two markers in integrative species delimitation when combined with phenotypic character analyses of larvae and adults. Despite the striking difference in haplotype diversity (high in COI mtDNA, low in ITS2 rDNA), no evident phylogeographic structure was apparent in the Palearctic O. caspius. The Holarctic O. dorsalis species was subdivided into two highly distinctive COI mtDNA phylogroups which corresponded to the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Strong support for the independence of the two allopatric evolutionary lineages suggested that geographical barrier and climatic changes during Pleistocene caused vicariance of the ancestral range. COI mtDNA reliably distinguished O. caspius and O. dorsalis, while ITS2 rDNA yet again lacked the proper resolution for solving this problem. An integrative approach based on the larval and adult morphological traits have varying taxonomic applications due to their differential diagnostic values. Thus, by the implementation of an integrative taxonomic approach, we successfully detected species borders between the two epidemiologically relevant species and uncovered the presence of cryptic diversity within O. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubinka Francuski
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmina Ludoški
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milutinović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Education Subjects, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Vesna Milankov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Briolant S, Costa MM, Nguyen C, Dusfour I, Pommier de Santi V, Girod R, Almeras L. Identification of French Guiana anopheline mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS profiling using protein signatures from two body parts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234098. [PMID: 32817616 PMCID: PMC7444543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, the malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes, remains a disease of public health importance. To prevent malaria transmission, the main effective way remains Anopheles control. For an effective control, accurate Anopheles species identification is indispensable to distinguish malaria vectors from non-vectors. Although, morphological and molecular methods are largely used, an innovative tool, based on protein pattern comparisons, the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling, emerged this last decade for arthropod identification. However, the limited mosquito fauna diversity of reference MS spectra remains one of the main drawback for its large usage. The aim of the present study was then to create and to share reference MS spectra for the identification of French Guiana Anopheline species. A total of eight distinct Anopheles species, among which four are malaria vectors, were collected in 6 areas. To improve Anopheles identification, two body parts, legs and thoraxes, were independently submitted to MS for the creation of respective reference MS spectra database (DB). This study underlined that double checking by MS enhanced the Anopheles identification confidence and rate of reliable classification. The sharing of this reference MS spectra DB should make easier Anopheles species monitoring in endemic malaria area to help malaria vector control or elimination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Melo Costa
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Romain Girod
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Torres MDT, Silva AF, Pedron CN, Capurro ML, de la Fuente‐Nunez C, Junior VXO. Peptide Design Enables Reengineering of an Inactive Wasp Venom Peptide into Synthetic Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e HumanasUniversidade Federal do ABC
- Synthetic Biology Group
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsUnited States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Adriana F. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e HumanasUniversidade Federal do ABC
| | - Cibele N. Pedron
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e HumanasUniversidade Federal do ABC
| | | | - Cesar de la Fuente‐Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsUnited States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MassachusettsUnited States of America
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Silva AF, Torres MDT, Silva LS, Alves FL, de Sá Pinheiro AA, Miranda A, Capurro ML, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Oliveira VX. Angiotensin II-derived constrained peptides with antiplasmodial activity and suppressed vasoconstriction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14326. [PMID: 29085013 PMCID: PMC5662717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a natural mammalian hormone that has been described to exhibit antiplasmodial activity therefore constituting a promising alternative for the treatment of malaria. Despite its promise, the development of Ang II as an antimalarial is limited by its potent induction of vasoconstriction and its rapid degradation within minutes. Here, we used peptide design to perform targeted chemical modifications to Ang II to generate conformationally restricted (disulfide-crosslinked) peptide derivatives with suppressed vasoconstrictor activity and increased stability. Designed constrained peptides were synthesized chemically and then tested for antiplasmodial activity. Two lead constrained peptides were identified (i.e., peptides 1 and 2), each composed of 10 amino acid residues. These peptides exhibited very promising activity in both our Plasmodium gallinaceum (>80%) and Plasmodium falciparum (>40%) models, an activity that was equivalent to that of Ang II, and led to complete suppression of vasoconstriction. In addition, peptide 5 exhibited selective activity towards the pre-erythrocytic stage (98% of activity against P. gallinaceum), thus suggesting that it may be possible to design peptides that target specific stages of the malaria life cycle. The Ang II derived stable scaffolds presented here may provide the basis for development of a new generation of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farias Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.,Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leandro Souza Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio Lopes Alves
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Acácia de Sá Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margareth Lara Capurro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Torres MDT, Silva AF, Alves FL, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Cordeiro RM, Oliveira Junior VX. Evidences for the action mechanism of angiotensin II and its analogs on Plasmodium sporozoite membranes. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:132-42. [PMID: 26856687 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease responsible for approximately one million deaths annually. Oligopeptides such as angiotensin II (AII) and its analogs are known to have antimalarial effects against Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium falciparum. However, their mechanism of action is still not fully understood at the molecular level. In the work reported here, we investigated this issue by comparing the antimalarial activity of AII with that of (i) its diastereomer formed by only d-amino acids; (ii) its isomer with reversed sequence; and (iii) its analogs restricted by lactam bridges, the so-called VC5 peptides. Data from fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the antiplasmodial activities of both all-D-AII and all-D-VC5 were as high as those of the related peptides AII and VC5, respectively. In contrast, retro-AII had no significant effect against P. gallinaceum. Conformational analysis by circular dichroism suggested that AII and its active analogs usually adopted a β-turn conformation in different solutions. In the presence of membrane-mimetic micelles, AII had also a β-turn conformation, while retro-AII was random. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the AII chains were slightly more bent than retro-AII at the surface of a model membrane. At the hydrophobic membrane interior, however, the retro-AII chain was severely coiled and rigid. AII was much more flexible and able to experience both straight and coiled conformations. We took it as an indication of the stronger ability of AII to interact with membrane headgroups and promote pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Farias Silva
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Lopes Alves
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Miranda
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Genetic deviation in geographically close populations of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): influence of environmental barriers in South India. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1149-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Silva AF, Torres MDT, Silva LDS, Alves FL, Pinheiro AADS, Miranda A, Capurro ML, Oliveira VX. New linear antiplasmodial peptides related to angiotensin II. Malar J 2015; 14:433. [PMID: 26537730 PMCID: PMC4634797 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiplasmodial activities of angiotensin II and its analogues have been extensively investigated in Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium falciparum parasite species. Due to its vasoconstrictor property angiotensin II cannot be used as an anti-malarial drug. Methods This work presents the solid-phase syntheses and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry characterization of ten linear peptides related to angiotensin II against mature P. gallinaceum sporozoites and erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. Conformational analyses were performed by circular dichroism. IC50 assays were performed to identify the ideal concentration used on the biological tests and haemolytical erythrocytic assays were made to verify the viability of the biological experiments. The contractile responses of the analogues were made to evaluate if they are promising candidates to be applied as antiplasmodial drugs. Results The results indicate two short-peptides constituted by hydrophobic residues (5 and 6) with antiplasmodial activity in these models, 89 and 94 % of biological activity against P. gallinaceum sporozoite, respectively, and around 50 % of activity against P. falciparum. Circular dichroism spectra suggested that all the peptides adopted β-turn conformation in different solutions, except peptide 3. Besides the biological assays IC50, the haemolysis assays and contractile response activities were applied for peptides 5 and 6, which did not present expressive results. Conclusions The hydrophobic portion and the arginine, tyrosine, proline, and phenylalanine, when present on peptide primary sequence, tend to increase the antiplasmodial activity. This class of peptides can be explored, as anti-malarial drugs, after in vivo model tests.The most active peptide presented 94 % activity on P. gallinaceum sporozoites and 53 % inhibited P. falciparum ring forms invasion ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0974-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farias Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil.
| | - Leandro de Souza Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Lopes Alves
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Acácia de Sá Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Margareth Lara Capurro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil.
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Behura SK. Insect phylogenomics. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:403-11. [PMID: 25963452 PMCID: PMC4503476 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenomics, the integration of phylogenetics with genome data, has emerged as a powerful approach to study the evolution and systematics of species. Recently, several studies employing phylogenomic tools have provided better insights into insect evolution. Next-generation sequencing methods are now increasingly used by entomologists to generate genomic and transcript sequences of various insect species and strains. These data provide opportunities for comparative genomics and large-scale multigene phylogenies of diverse lineages of insects. Phy-logenomic investigations help us to better understand systematic and evolutionary relationships of insect species that play important roles as herbivores, predators, detritivores, pollinators and disease vectors. It is important that we critically assess the prospects and limitations of phylogenomic methods. In this review, I describe the current status, outline the major challenges and remark on potential future applications of phylogenomic tools in studying insect systematics and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Behura
- Eck Institute for Global Health and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Rozo-Lopez P, Mengual X. Mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) in three ecosystems from the Colombian Andes: identification through DNA barcoding and adult morphology. Zookeys 2015; 513:39-64. [PMID: 26257568 PMCID: PMC4524277 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.513.9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia, one of the world's megadiverse countries, has a highly diverse mosquito fauna and a high prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. In order to provide relevant information about the diversity and taxonomy of mosquito species in Colombia and to test the usefulness of DNA barcodes, mosquito species collected at different elevations in the departments of Antioquia and Caldas were identified combining adult morphology and barcode sequences. A total of 22 mosquito species from eight genera were identified using these combined techniques. We generated 77 barcode sequences with 16 species submitted as new country records for public databases. We examined the usefulness of DNA barcodes to discriminate mosquito species from the Neotropics by compiling 1,292 sequences from a total of 133 species and using the tree-based methods of neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood. Both methodologies provided similar results by resolving 105 species of mosquitoes separated into distinct clusters. This study shows the importance of combining classic morphological methodologies with molecular tools to accurately identify mosquitoes from Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rozo-Lopez
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Anti-plasmodial activity of bradykinin and analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3311-3. [PMID: 26077496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To find effective new candidate antimalarial drugs, bradykinin and its analogs were synthesized and tested for effectiveness against Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites and Plasmodium falciparum on erythrocytes. Among them, bradykinin and its P2 analog presented high activity against Plasmodium gallinaceum, but they degrade in plasma. On the other hand, RI-BbKI did not degrade and reached high activity. No analog was active against Plasmodium falciparum.
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White VL, Endersby NM, Chan J, Hoffmann AA, Weeks AR. Developing Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing (EPIC) markers for population genetic studies in three Aedes disease vectors. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:409-423. [PMID: 24895297 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, Aedes notoscriptus, and Aedes albopictus are important vectors of many arboviruses implicated in human disease such as dengue fever. Genetic markers applied across vector species can provide important information on population structure, gene flow, insecticide resistance, and taxonomy, however, robust microsatellite markers have proven difficult to develop in these species and mosquitoes generally. Here we consider the utility and transferability of 15 Ribosome protein (Rp) Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing (EPIC) markers for population genetic studies in these 3 Aedes species. Rp EPIC markers designed for Ae. aegypti also successfully amplified populations of the sister species, Ae. albopictus, as well as the distantly related species, Ae. notoscriptus. High SNP and good indel diversity in sequenced alleles plus support for amplification of the same regions across populations and species were additional benefits of these markers. These findings point to the general value of EPIC markers in mosquito population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Linley White
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nancy Margaret Endersby
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Janice Chan
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Raymond Weeks
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Tchouassi DP, Bastos ADS, Sole CL, Diallo M, Lutomiah J, Mutisya J, Mulwa F, Borgemeister C, Sang R, Torto B. Population genetics of two key mosquito vectors of Rift Valley Fever virus reveals new insights into the changing disease outbreak patterns in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3364. [PMID: 25474018 PMCID: PMC4256213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in Kenya have increased in frequency and range to include northeastern Kenya where viruses are increasingly being isolated from known (Aedes mcintoshi) and newly-associated (Ae. ochraceus) vectors. The factors contributing to these changing outbreak patterns are unclear and the population genetic structure of key vectors and/or specific virus-vector associations, in particular, are under-studied. By conducting mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses on >220 Kenyan specimens of Ae. mcintoshi and Ae. ochraceus, we uncovered high levels of vector complexity which may partly explain the disease outbreak pattern. Results indicate that Ae. mcintoshi consists of a species complex with one of the member species being unique to the newly-established RVF outbreak-prone northeastern region of Kenya, whereas Ae. ochraceus is a homogeneous population that appears to be undergoing expansion. Characterization of specimens from a RVF-prone site in Senegal, where Ae. ochraceus is a primary vector, revealed direct genetic links between the two Ae. ochraceus populations from both countries. Our data strongly suggest that unlike Ae. mcintoshi, Ae. ochraceus appears to be a relatively recent, single 'introduction' into Kenya. These results, together with increasing isolations from this vector, indicate that Ae. ochraceus will likely be of greater epidemiological importance in future RVF outbreaks in Kenya. Furthermore, the overall vector complexity calls into question the feasibility of mosquito population control approaches reliant on genetic modification. Despite the threat posed by Rift Valley fever (RVF), poor understanding of the disease epidemiology exists with respect to vector population structure in relation to differential outbreak patterns and future vector genetic control. Here, nuclear and mtDNA data reveal genetic complexities of RVF key vectors (Aedes mcintoshi and Ae. ochraceus) partly explaining the disease outbreak pattern in Kenya. While anticipating population differentiation, we found that the hitherto known Ae. mcintoshi in fact comprises a species complex, with one unique species restricted to northeastern Kenya where outbreaks have increased in frequency with evidence for new involvement of Ae. ochraceus in RVF epidemiology. We infer a relatively recent, single “introduction” of Ae. ochraceus into Kenya with genetic links to a RVF hotspot in Senegal. Ultimately, our findings provide an understanding of how the two primary mosquito vector species impact RVF, which is critical to the potential prediction of the emergence and spread of the disease in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Armanda D. S. Bastos
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Catherine L. Sole
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Joel Lutomiah
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mutisya
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Mulwa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
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Dieme C, Yssouf A, Vega-Rúa A, Berenger JM, Failloux AB, Raoult D, Parola P, Almeras L. Accurate identification of Culicidae at aquatic developmental stages by MALDI-TOF MS profiling. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:544. [PMID: 25442218 PMCID: PMC4273427 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of mosquito vectors is generally based on morphological criteria, but for aquatic stages, morphological characteristics may be missing, leading to incomplete or incorrect identification. The high cost of molecular biology techniques requires the development of an alternative strategy. In the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has proved to be efficient for arthropod identification at the species level. Methods To investigate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of mosquitoes at aquatic stages, optimizations of sample preparation, diet, body parts and storage conditions were tested. Protein extracts of whole specimens from second larval stage to pupae were selected for the creation of a reference spectra database. The database included a total of 95 laboratory-reared specimens of 6 mosquito species, including Anopheles gambiae (S form), Anopheles coluzzi (M form), Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus, Aedes aegypti and 2 colonies of Aedes albopictus. Results The present study revealed that whole specimens at aquatic stages produced reproducible and singular spectra according to the mosquito species. Moreover, MS protein profiles appeared weakly affected by the diet provided. Despite the low diversity of some MS profiles, notably for cryptic species, clustering analyses correctly classified all specimens tested at the species level followed by the clustering of early vs. late aquatic developmental stages. Discriminant mass peaks were recorded for the 6 mosquito species analyzed at larval stage 3 and the pupal stage. Querying against the reference spectra database of 149 new specimens at different aquatic stages from the 6 mosquito species revealed that 147 specimens were correctly identified at the species level and that early and late developmental stages were also distinguished. Conclusions The present work highlights that MALDI-TOF MS profiling may be useful for the rapid and reliable identification of mosquito species at aquatic stages. With this proteomic tool, it becomes now conceivable to survey mosquito breeding sites prior to the mosquitoes’ emergence and to adapt anti-vectorial measures according to the mosquito fauna detected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0544-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constentin Dieme
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France. .,Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Amina Yssouf
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Berenger
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO collaborative center for rickettsioses and other arthropod borne bacterial diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
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Marcelo Der Torossian T, Silva AF, Alves FL, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Vani Xavier O. Highly Potential Antiplasmodial Restricted Peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:163-71. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana F. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André Brazil
| | - Flávio L. Alves
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Margareth L. Capurro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Oliveira Vani Xavier
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André Brazil
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Ashfaq M, Hebert PDN, Mirza JH, Khan AM, Zafar Y, Mirza MS. Analyzing mosquito (Diptera: culicidae) diversity in Pakistan by DNA barcoding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97268. [PMID: 24827460 PMCID: PMC4036727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although they are important disease vectors mosquito biodiversity in Pakistan is poorly known. Recent epidemics of dengue fever have revealed the need for more detailed understanding of the diversity and distributions of mosquito species in this region. DNA barcoding improves the accuracy of mosquito inventories because morphological differences between many species are subtle, leading to misidentifications. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sequence variation in the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene was used to identify mosquito species, reveal genetic diversity, and map the distribution of the dengue-vector species in Pakistan. Analysis of 1684 mosquitoes from 491 sites in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2010-2013 revealed 32 species with the assemblage dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus (61% of the collection). The genus Aedes (Stegomyia) comprised 15% of the specimens, and was represented by six taxa with the two dengue vector species, Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, dominant and broadly distributed. Anopheles made up another 6% of the catch with An. subpictus dominating. Barcode sequence divergence in conspecific specimens ranged from 0-2.4%, while congeneric species showed from 2.3-17.8% divergence. A global haplotype analysis of disease-vectors showed the presence of multiple haplotypes, although a single haplotype of each dengue-vector species was dominant in most countries. Geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus showed the later species was dominant and found in both rural and urban environments. CONCLUSIONS As the first DNA-based analysis of mosquitoes in Pakistan, this study has begun the construction of a barcode reference library for the mosquitoes of this region. Levels of genetic diversity varied among species. Because of its capacity to differentiate species, even those with subtle morphological differences, DNA barcoding aids accurate tracking of vector populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jawwad H. Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif M. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Zafar
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Silva AF, Bastos EL, Torres MDT, Costa-da-Silva AL, Ioshino RS, Capurro ML, Alves FL, Miranda A, de Freitas Fischer Vieira R, Oliveira VX. Antiplasmodial activity study of angiotensin II via Ala scan analogs. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:640-8. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farias Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Erick Leite Bastos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - André Luis Costa-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Rafaella Sayuri Ioshino
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Margareth Lara Capurro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Flávio Lopes Alves
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
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Der Torossian Torres M, Silva AF, Alves FL, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Oliveira Junior VX. The Importance of Ring Size and Position for the Antiplasmodial Activity of Angiotensin II Restricted Analogs. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sim S, Ramirez JL, Dimopoulos G. Molecular discrimination of mosquito vectors and their pathogens. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 9:757-65. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Díaz-Nieto LM, Maciá A, Parisi G, Farina JL, Vidal-Domínguez ME, Perotti MA, Berón CM. Distribution of mosquitoes in the south east of Argentina and first report on the analysis based on 18S rDNA and COI sequences. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75516. [PMID: 24098700 PMCID: PMC3787072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Mar del Plata is the most important city on the Atlantic coast of Argentina, mosquitoes inhabiting such area are almost uncharacterized. To increase our knowledge in their distribution, we sampled specimens of natural populations. After the morphological identification based on taxonomic keys, sequences of DNA from small ribosomal subunit (18S rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes were obtained from native species and the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences were done. Fourteen species from the genera Uranotaenia, Culex, Ochlerotatus and Psorophora were found and identified. Our 18S rDNA and COI-based analysis indicates the relationships among groups at the supra-species level in concordance with mosquito taxonomy. The introduction and spread of vectors and diseases carried by them are not known in Mar del Plata, but some of the species found in this study were reported as pathogen vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M. Díaz-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Maciá
- División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Departamento de Ciência y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan L. Farina
- Area Entomología, Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales "Lorenzo Scaglia", Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María E. Vidal-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Alejandra Perotti
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Corina M. Berón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Chamlian M, Bastos EL, Maciel C, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Silva AF, Torres MDT, Oliveira VX. A study of the anti-plasmodium activity of angiotensin II analogs. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:575-80. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Chamlian
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Erick L. Bastos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ceres Maciel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Margareth L. Capurro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Adriana F. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo Der T. Torres
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Vani X. Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
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Abstract
The whole-genome sequencing of mosquitoes has facilitated our understanding of fundamental biological processes at their basic molecular levels and holds potential for application to mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne disease transmission. Draft genome sequences are available for Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Collectively, these represent the major vectors of African malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, and lymphatic filariasis, respectively. Rapid advances in genome technologies have revealed detailed information on genome architecture as well as phenotype-specific transcriptomics and proteomics. These resources allow for detailed comparative analyses within and across populations as well as species. Next-generation sequencing technologies will likely promote a proliferation of genome sequences for additional mosquito species as well as for individual insects. Here we review the current status of genome research in mosquitoes and identify potential areas for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Severson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Medici A, Carrieri M, Scholte EJ, Maccagnani B, Dindo ML, Bellini R. Studies on Aedes albopictus larval mass-rearing optimization. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:266-273. [PMID: 21404867 DOI: 10.1603/ec10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To set up a sterile male technique program to control Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in areas in northern Italy, a pilot mass-rearing facility is under development. For this purpose, experiments were carried out to find the optimal larval density for the optimization of the rearing parameters, i.e., to obtain the fastest larval development, the highest larval and pupal survival rate, and large-sized pupae. Several different larval densities, from 40 to 2874 larvae per liter, were tested. For densities from 40 to 600 larvae per liter significant size differences were found among pupae obtained under different larval densities. The larvae raised at the lowest density tended to be smaller and to develop most slowly, i.e., longer pupation time. Also, increasing water volume and depth seemed to negatively affect the pupation success. Compared with the other larval densities tested, the larvae reared at a density of 2874 larvae per liter developed slightly faster and showed higher survival rates, indicating this density as appropriate for the development of a mass rearing, at least using the current larval diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Medici
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Department-Centro Agricoltura Ambiente Giorgio Nicoli, Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014 Crevalcore (BO), Italy
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Mohanty A, Swain S, Kar SK, Hazra RK. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of Anopheles species, subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) and using it to define the relationship of morphologically similar species. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1204-24. [PMID: 19577013 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the relationship of various vectors and non-vectors of malaria from the evolutionary point of view are important. Use of molecular methods to define phylogeny helps to understand the interrelationship among the members of the anophelines and elucidate the ambiguity that has arisen from improper classification. It could also help to design molecular markers for species differentiation, particularly in those which pose difficulty when classified, based on morphological features. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the anophelines of subgenus Cellia are inferred from the mitochondrial genes COI and COII, the ribosomal RNA gene, in particular the D3 region, and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region. The molecular phylogeny obtained in this work matches with that of the classical morphological taxonomy reasonably well, and was useful in properly defining species positions and resolving the ambiguity that normally arises due to morphological taxonomy. The correct arrangement of the various anopheline taxa as per the traditional morphological character-based classification of anophelines was there when we considered the D3 region of 28S rRNA gene and ITS2 region of rDNA. However, the arrangement of the taxa did not match with that of the morphological classification in some aspects, when we considered the COI and COII region of mitochondrial DNA. It may have been due to the variable degree of the rate of evolution of the different genes within the organism. Thus, a proper selection of those particular genes that evolve at the rate that is reflected at the species differentiation level, could help to construct the correct phylogenetic relationship among the anophelines and could be used to correlate with the grouping pattern done from the morphological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitav Mohanty
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Maciel C, de Oliveira Junior VX, Fázio MA, Nacif-Pimenta R, Miranda A, Pimenta PFP, Capurro ML. Anti-plasmodium activity of angiotensin II and related synthetic peptides. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3296. [PMID: 18820728 PMCID: PMC2546444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium species are the causative agents of malaria, the most devastating insect-borne parasite of human populations. Finding and developing new drugs for malaria treatment and prevention is the goal of much research. Angiotensins I and II (ang I and ang II) and six synthetic related peptides designated Vaniceres 1-6 (VC1-VC6) were assayed in vivo and in vitro for their effects on the development of the avian parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum. Ang II and VC5 injected into the thoraces of the insects reduced mean intensities of infection in the mosquito salivary glands by 88% and 76%, respectively. Although the mechanism(s) of action is not completely understood, we have demonstrated that these peptides disrupt selectively the P.gallinaceum cell membrane. Additionally, incubation in vitro of sporozoites with VC5 reduced the infectivity of the parasites to their vertebrate host. VC5 has no observable agonist effects on vertebrates, and this makes it a promising drug for malaria prevention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Maciel
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, René Rachou Institute of Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation–FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo F. P. Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, René Rachou Institute of Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation–FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Margareth Lara Capurro
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Banerjee AK, Kiran K, Murty USN, Venkateswarlu C. Classification and identification of mosquito species using artificial neural networks. Comput Biol Chem 2008; 32:442-7. [PMID: 18838305 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An artificial neural network method is presented for classification and identification of Anopheles mosquito species based on the internal transcribed spacer2 (ITS2) data of ribosomal DNA string. The method is implemented in two different multi-layered feed-forward neural network model forms, namely, multi-input single-output neural network (MISONN) and multi-input multi-output neural network (MIMONN). A number of data sequences in varying sizes of different Anopheline malarial vectors and their corresponding species coding are employed to develop the neural network models. The classification efficiency of the network models for untrained data sequences is evaluated in terms of quantitative performance criteria. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the neural network models to extract the genetic information in ITS2 sequences and to adapt to new data. The method of MISONN is found to exhibit superior performance over MIMONN in distinguishing and identification of the mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Banerjee
- Bioinformatics Group, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India
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CONDON MARTY, ADAMS DEANC, BANN DARRIN, FLAHERTY KACIE, GAMMONS JOHN, JOHNSON JESSICA, LEWIS MATTHEWL, MARSTELLER SARA, SCHEFFER SONJAJ, SERNA FRANCISCO, SWENSEN SUSAN. Uncovering tropical diversity: six sympatric cryptic species of Blepharoneura (Diptera: Tephritidae) in flowers of Gurania spinulosa (Cucurbitaceae) in eastern Ecuador. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rafael MS, Santos IP, Tadei WP, Carvalho KA, Recco-Pimente SM, Sallum MAM, Forattini OP. Cytogenetic study of Anopheles albitarsis (Diptera: Culicidae) by C-banding and in situ hybridization. Hereditas 2007; 143:62-7. [PMID: 17362336 DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0018-0661.01926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-banding pattern and the size and location of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are described for the first time in Brazilian populations of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis sensu lato. C-banding revealed variation in the size of the centromeric heterochromatic blocks in autosomal chromosomes and in the acrocentric (X) and puntiform (Y) sex chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the NORs were located in the pericentromeric region of the sex (XX/XY) chromosomes and that this coincided with the number and location of centromeric constitutive heterochromatin blocks previously revealed by C-banding. The NORs varied in size among the homologues of the three populations. These findings of the populations studied support the hypothesis that the stability of NORs in the A. albitarsis complex is characterized by the presence of clustered and conserved sites in a unique pair of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rafael
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related to “The Risk of a Rift Valley Fever Incursion and its Persistence within the Community”. EFSA J 2005. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2005.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Boulesteix M, Biémont C. Transposable elements in mosquitoes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 110:500-9. [PMID: 16093703 DOI: 10.1159/000084983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the current state of knowledge about transposable elements (TEs) in different mosquito species. DNA-based elements (class II elements), non-LTR retrotransposons (class I elements), and MITEs (Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements) are found in the three genera, Anopheles, Aedes and Culex, whereas LTR retrotransposons (class I elements) are found only in Anopheles and Aedes. Mosquitoes were the first insects in which MITEs were reported; they have several LTR retrotransposons belonging to the Pao family, which is distinct from the Gypsy-Ty3 and Copia-Ty1 families. The number of TE copies shows huge variations between classes of TEs within a given species (from 1 to 1000), in sharp contrast to Drosophila, which shows only relatively minor differences in copy number between elements (from 1 to 100). The genomes of these insects therefore display major differences in the amount of TEs and therefore in their structure and global composition. We emphasize the need for more population genetic data about the activity of TEs, their distribution over chromosomes and their frequencies in natural populations of mosquitoes, to further the current attempts to develop a transgenic mosquito unable to transmit malaria that is intended to replace the natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boulesteix
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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REINERT JOHNF, HARBACH RALPHE, KITCHING IANJ. Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages. Zool J Linn Soc 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gaunt CMT, Mutebi JP, Munstermann LE. Biochemical taxonomy and enzyme electrophoretic profiles during development, for three morphologically similar Aedes species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the subgenus Stegomyia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2004; 41:23-32. [PMID: 14989342 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) cretinus is a rarely documented mosquito with a Mediterranean distribution, whereas Aedes (S.) albopictus has spread worldwide in the past two decades because of its anthropogenic associations. A third closely related species, Aedes (S.) flavopictus, is sympatric with A. albopictus in northeast Asia. The three species are characterized by a striking mid-thoracic white stripe and, consequently, field-collected individuals may be difficult to separate by morphology. Sixteen biochemical markers were described for laboratory strains representing the three species; these provided the first biochemical genetic profile for A. cretinus and A. flavopictus. Diagnostic enzymes for identifying each species pair were determined. A biochemical key was provided to distinguish among adults of the three species. Several enzyme loci that were diagnostic for the adult stage proved unreliable for identifying immature stages. Voucher specimens for link-reared series of larva, pupa, adult male, and adult female stages of the A. cretinus Crete strain (n = 88) and the A. albopictus Nepal strain (n = 105) were deposited at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT.
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Posso CE, González R, Cárdenas H, Gallego G, Duque MC, Suarez MF. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae) from Western and northeastern Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:469-76. [PMID: 12937756 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze 119 DNA samples of three Colombian Anopheles nuneztovari populations to study genetic variation and structure. Genetic diversity, estimated from heterozygosity, averaged 0.34. Genetic flow was greater between the two populations located in Western Colombia (F ST: 0.035; Nm: 6.8) but lower between these two and the northeastern population (F ST: 0.08; Nm: 2.8). According to molecular variance analysis, the genetic distance between populations was significant (phi ST 0.1131, P < 0.001). The variation among individuals within populations (phi ST 0.8869, P < 0.001)was also significant, suggesting a greater degree of population subdivision, not considered in this study. Both the parameters evaluated and the genetic flow suggest that Colombian An. nuneztovari populations are co-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elisa Posso
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia.
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Abstract
Human malaria is truly a disease of global proportions and is one of the most broadly distributed vector-borne infections. Anopheline mosquitoes are the exclusive vectors of human malaria. A handful of species predominate as the most notorious malaria vectors, but the species and forms involved in the transmission of human malaria world-wide are incredibly diverse. Many of the anophelines that vector malaria exist as members of species complexes that often contain vector and non-vector species. Additionally, single anopheline species often exhibit significant heterogeneity across the species' range. This phenotypic and genotypic plasticity exacerbates the difficulties in identification of vector populations and implementation of effective surveillance and control strategies. Polytene chromosome investigations were among the first to provide researchers with tangible genetic markers that could be used to differentiate between what are now recognised as species and chromosomal forms of anopheline mosquitoes. The advent of the polymerase chain reaction gave access to the molecular genetics of genomes and the techniques that followed have facilitated investigation of the genetics of individual specimens or population size samples. The variety and number of genetic markers available for the study of malaria vectors has literally exploded in the last 10 years. Markers have expanded from the 'traditional tools' to include a vast array of molecular markers. Contemporary markers range from what are now referred to as 'classical genetic markers' to methods used to detect and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and finally to highly polymorphic markers. One of the greatest advantages of this wide variety of genetic markers is that researchers may choose to utilise any combination of markers or techniques to address multifaceted questions relating to malaria transmission. These molecular markers have proven useful in a wide variety of applications including molecular taxonomy, evolutionary systematics, population genetics, genetic mapping, and investigation of defined phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Norris
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Krzywinski J, Besansky NJ. Molecular systematics of Anopheles: from subgenera to subpopulations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2002; 48:111-139. [PMID: 12208816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The century-old discovery of the role of Anopheles in human malaria transmission precipitated intense study of this genus at the alpha taxonomy level, but until recently little attention was focused on the systematics of this group. The application of molecular approaches to systematic problems ranging from subgeneric relationships to relationships at and below the species level is helping to address questions such as anopheline phylogenetics and biogeography, the nature of species boundaries, and the forces that have structured genetic variation within species. Current knowledge in these areas is reviewed, with an emphasis on the Anopheles gambiae model. The recent publication of the genome of this anopheline mosquito will have a profound impact on inquiries at all taxonomic levels, supplying better tools for estimating phylogeny and population structure in the short term, and ultimately allowing the identification of genes and/or regulatory networks underlying ecological differentiation, speciation, and vectorial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Krzywinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Abstract
Molecular techniques are increasingly being used to study the ecology of a variety of organisms. These techniques represent important tools for the study of the systematics, population genetics, biogeography and ecology of parasites. Here, we review the techniques that have been employed to study the ecology and systematics of parasites (including bacteria and viruses). Particular emphasis is placed on the techniques of isoenzyme electrophoresis, in situ hybridisation and nucleic acid amplification to characterise parasite/microbial communities. The application of these techniques will be exemplified using ticks, bacterial endosymbionts and parasitic protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Monis
- Microbiology Unit, Australian Water Quality Centre, Private Mail Bag 3, South Australia 5108, Salisbury, Australia.
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Rey D, Després L, Schaffner F, Meyran JC. Mapping of resistance to vegetable polyphenols among Aedes taxa (Diptera, Culicidae) on a molecular phylogeny. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2001; 19:317-25. [PMID: 11341813 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2001.0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To recover some evolutionary aspects of the interaction between culicine larvae and dietary polyphenols of the vegetation surrounding mosquito breeding sites, we constructed a phylogeny of the most common French Aedes species, chosen as reference species. We also evaluated the differential resistance of these larval taxa to the polyphenols of leaf litter from the riparian vegetation used as a food source. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis was performed among 14 different taxa and ecotypes (Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. cantans, Ae. caspius, Ae. cataphylla, Ae. cinereus, Ae. detritus, Ae. geniculatus, Ae. mariae, Ae. pullatus, Ae. punctor, Ae. rusticus, Ae. sticticus, and Ae. vexans) through direct sequencing of a 763-base segment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Phylogenetic analysis, based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences, was conducted by means of parsimony and distance methods. The differential tolerance of larvae to vegetable leaf litter was comparatively tested by use of 10-month-old alder leaf litter as an experimental standard. The absence of correlation between resistance to polyphenols and molecular phylogeny suggests that larval adaptation to polyphenol-rich vegetable breeding sites is a labile character. The acquisition of such resistance appears not to be ancestrally inherited, but rather to be a dynamic adaptation to the environment. Molecular data also support the classical morphological classification within the Aedes genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rey
- Ecosystèmes et Changements Environnementaux, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38041, France
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Abstract
A great deal of information has been accumulated on chromosome numbers and heterochromatin distribution as well as on genome size and organization in the mosquito family Culicidae. A number of trends in genome evolution emerge when these data are reviewed in light of recent cladistic phylogenies of Culicidae and its sister families. Anophelinae have heteromorphic sex chromosomes and a small genome size, and repetitive elements are distributed in a long-period interspersion pattern. In contrast, Culicinae have homomorphic sex chromosomes, and repetitive DNA is organized in a short-period interspersion pattern. There has been a general increase in genome size during the evolution of culicine tribes. The organization of the ancestral culicid genome remains uncertain awaiting studies on genome organization in Chaoboridae-Corethrellidae taxa. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosomes and genome organization in Culicidae would be that homomorphic sex chromosomes and a long-period interspersion pattern was ancestral in lineages leading to Toxorhynchitinae and Culcinae. Larger genomes developed in subsequent culicine lineages through accumulation of short-period interspersed repetitive elements. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved early in the evolution of Anophelinae, and a long-period interspersion pattern was retained. The alternative scenario proposed by Rao and Rai (1987a) is that Culicidae arose from a chaoborid Mochlonyx-like ancestor with heteromorphic sex chromosomes and possibly short-period interspersion. This scenario would require the loss of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the lineage leading to Toxorhynchitinae and Culicinae and the "shedding" of repetitive elements in the lineage leading to Anophelinae. Several interesting patterns have emerged from studies of C-banding, and the distribution of heterochromatin in Culicidae and phylogenies derived from these studies are supported by the modern cladistic analyses. Recent intensive multipoint linkage map studies suggest that recombination frequencies per genome have remained relatively constant over the course of culicid evolution such that Anophelinae, with a relatively small genome size, has a linkage map of similar size to Aedini. As a consequence, taxa in Anophelinae have higher amounts of recombination per haploid genome size than Culicinae. Although several key questions have yet to be addressed, the Culicidae remain one of the best-studied systems of genome evolution in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Krzywinski J, Wilkerson RC, Besansky NJ. Evolution of mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequences in anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for phylogeny reconstruction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2001; 18:479-87. [PMID: 11277639 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two mitochondrial genes, cyt b and ND5, and the D2 expansion segment of the 28S nuclear ribosomal gene were used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the mosquito subfamily Anophelinae. The ingroup consisted of all three genera of Anophelinae and five of six subgenera of Anopheles. Six genera of Culicinae were used as the outgroup. Extreme conservation at the protein level coupled with rapid saturation of synonymous positions probably accounted for the lack of meaningful phylogenetic signal in the cyt b gene. In contrast, abundant variation at all codon positions of the ND5 gene allowed recovery of the basal and most of the recent relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of D2 produced results consistent with those of ND5. Combined analysis indicated well-supported monophyletic Anophelinae (with Chagasia basal), Anopheles + Bironella, and subgeneric clades within the genus Anopheles. Moreover, subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia were supported as a monophyletic lineage. The Kishino-Hasegawa test could not reject the monophyly of Anopheles, whereas the recently proposed hypothesis of close affinity of Bironella to the subgenus Anopheles was rejected by the analyses of ND5 and combined data sets. The lack of resolution of Bironella and Anopheles clades, or basal relationships among subgeneric clades within Anopheles, suggests their rapid diversification. Recovery of relationships consistent with morphology and previous molecular studies provides evidence of substantial phylogenetic signal in D2 and ND5 genes at levels of divergence from closely related species to subfamily in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krzywinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
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Beebe NW, Cooper RD, Morrison DA, Ellis JT. Subset partitioning of the ribosomal DNA small subunit and its effects on the phylogeny of the Anopheles punctulatus group. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 9:515-520. [PMID: 11029670 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A phylogenetic study, based on maximum parsimony, of ten species in the Anopheles punctulatus group of malaria vectors from the south-west Pacific was performed using structural and similarity-based DNA sequence alignments of the nuclear small ribosomal subunit (SSU = 18S). The structural alignment proved to be more informative than a computer generated similarity-based alignment. Analyses involving the full structural sequence alignment (2169 bp) and the helical regions (1547 bp) resolved a single tree of the same topology, while analyses using the similarity based alignment could not resolve the group. Studies on the three structural domains of the nuclear rDNA SSU identified domain 2 (769 bp) as the only region informative at the sibling-species level and resulted in the same tree as the full structural sequence and helical regions. The main conclusions of these studies were that the An. punctulatus group formed two clades: a Farauti clade containing members displaying an all black scaled proboscis (An. farauti 1-3 and 5-7) and a Punctulatus clade containing members that display some degree of white scaling on the proboscis (An. farauti 4, An. punctulatus and An. species near punctulatus). Anopheles koliensis can display either proboscis morphology and was positioned basal to the Farauti Clade. These results do not fully concord with those derived from the mitochondrial COII gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Beebe
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Holbrook FR, Tabachnick WJ, Schmidtmann ET, McKinnon CN, Bobian RJ, Grogan WL. Sympatry in the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a taxonomic reassessment. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2000; 37:65-76. [PMID: 15218909 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report sympatry among larval populations of the Culicoides variipennis complex in widespread and diverse aquatic habitats throughout the United States. Six sites in California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas were co-inhabited by C. v. occidentalis and C. v. sonorensis, whereas 8 sites in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, and Texas were co-occupied by C. v. sonorensis and C. v. variipennis. No intermediate forms were identified either electrophoretically or morphologically in adults reared from field-collected larvae and pupae. The absence of intergrades in zones of sympatry represents sufficient evidence to confirm species status for Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) and Culicoides occidentalis Wirth & Jones, and to elevate Culicoides sonorensis to species rank (NEW STATUS). Culicoides v. albertensis Wirth & Jones is a synonym of C. sonorensis (NEW SYNONYMY); C. v. australis Wirth & Jones also is confirmed as a synonym of C. sonorensis. We also demonstrated a correlation between population taxonomic status as determined by electrophoresis and adult morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Holbrook
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, University Station, Laramie, WY 82071-3965, USA
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Conn JE, Mitchell SE, Cockburn AF. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari. Genome 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/g98-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Restriction endonucleases were used to test an hypothesis, based on cytological data, proposing the existence of two races in Anopheles nuneztovari, one Venezuelan-Colombian and the other Amazonian, and to examine variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 263 individual A. nuneztovari mosquitoes from 12 sites in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Suriname, and Venezuela. Cladistic analysis of the mtDNA data using three outgroups suggests that A. nuneztovari is monophyletic. However, this analysis is poorly resolved by parsimony, probably caused by extensive homoplasy. Analysis of the relationships among haplotypes, based on genetic distances, results in five haplotype lineages, three of which are in the Amazon Basin. Relationships among the 12 populations reveal distinctive lineages, one in Venezuela-Colombia and two within the Amazon Basin. Molecular variance components and F statistics (phi) among neotropical biomes, among populations/biomes, among cytotypes, among populations/cytotypes, and within populations all demonstrate significant subdivision and strongly support multiple lineages, which could be interpreted as recently evolved species, within A. nuneztovari. The Mantel analysis showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances, suggesting that it is biomes and cytotypes that contribute most strongly to subdivision.Key words: mtDNA lineages, anopheline mosquito, gene flow, genetic diversity, neotropical.
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Foley DH, Bryan JH, Yeates D, Saul A. Evolution and systematics of Anopheles: insights from a molecular phylogeny of Australasian mosquitoes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1998; 9:262-75. [PMID: 9562985 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1997.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Relationships among the genus Anopheles and its many sibling species-groups are obscure despite the importance of anophelines as the vectors of human malaria. For the first time, the interrelationships and the origin of Australasian members of the subgenus Cellia are investigated by a cladistic analysis of sequence variation within the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene. Estimated divergence times between many Australasian and Oriental taxa predate the mid Miocene collision of Australasia and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that two-way exchanges with Oriental mosquitoes rather than only immigration may have been a characteristic of anopheline paleobiogeography in Australasia. The Australasian fauna is mostly included in a large clade. The medically important Punctulatus Group is monophyletic and appears derived from Oriental stock. Populations within this group from as far apart as Australia and Vanuatu were in contact in the recent past (i.e., 0.35-2.44 mya), supporting dispersal rather than vicariance explanations. Some support for the monophyly of the Myzomyia, Neomyzomyia, and Pyretophorus Series was found. However, the subgenera Anopheles and Cellia and the Neocellia Series are paraphyletic, but branch support at these taxonomic levels was poor. The COII gene shows promise for questions concerning alpha taxonomy but appears to be of limited use for resolving deeper relationships within the Anopheles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Foley
- Tropical Health Program ACITHN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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