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Harris KM, Kuwajima M, Flores JC, Zito K. Synapse-specific structural plasticity that protects and refines local circuits during LTP and LTD. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230224. [PMID: 38853547 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses form trillions of connections in the brain. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are cellular mechanisms vital for learning that modify the strength and structure of synapses. Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy reveals three distinct pre- to post-synaptic arrangements: strong active zones (AZs) with tightly docked vesicles, weak AZs with loose or non-docked vesicles, and nascent zones (NZs) with a postsynaptic density but no presynaptic vesicles. Importantly, LTP can be temporarily saturated preventing further increases in synaptic strength. At the onset of LTP, vesicles are recruited to NZs, converting them to AZs. During recovery of LTP from saturation (1-4 h), new NZs form, especially on spines where AZs are most enlarged by LTP. Sentinel spines contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), have the largest synapses and form clusters with smaller spines lacking SER after LTP recovers. We propose a model whereby NZ plasticity provides synapse-specific AZ expansion during LTP and loss of weak AZs that drive synapse shrinkage during LTD. Spine clusters become functionally engaged during LTP or disassembled during LTD. Saturation of LTP or LTD probably acts to protect recently formed memories from ongoing plasticity and may account for the advantage of spaced over massed learning. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Harris
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Masaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Juan C Flores
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Karen Zito
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, CA 95618, USA
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2
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Lee P, Kim J, Choi IY, Pal R, Hui D, Marcario JK, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK. Increases in anterograde axoplasmic transport in neurons of the hyper-glutamatergic, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1) transgenic mouse: Effects of glutamate receptors on transport. J Neurochem 2024; 168:719-727. [PMID: 38124277 PMCID: PMC11102336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has a role in neuronal migration and process elongation in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of chronic glutamate hyperactivity on vesicular and protein transport within CNS neurons, that is, processes necessary for neurite growth, have not been examined previously. In this study, we measured the effects of lifelong hyperactivity of glutamate neurotransmission on axoplasmic transport in CNS neurons. We compared wild-type (wt) to transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing the glutamate dehydrogenase gene Glud1 in CNS neurons and exhibiting increases in glutamate transmitter formation, release, and synaptic activation in brain throughout the lifespan. We found that Glud1 Tg as compared with wt mice exhibited increases in the rate of anterograde axoplasmic transport in neurons of the hippocampus measured in brain slices ex vivo, and in olfactory neurons measured in vivo. We also showed that the in vitro pharmacologic activation of glutamate synapses in wt mice led to moderate increases in axoplasmic transport, while exposure to selective inhibitors of ion channel forming glutamate receptors very significantly suppressed anterograde transport, suggesting a link between synaptic glutamate receptor activation and axoplasmic transport. Finally, axoplasmic transport in olfactory neurons of Tg mice in vivo was partially inhibited following 14-day intake of ethanol, a known suppressor of axoplasmic transport and of glutamate neurotransmission. The same was true for transport in hippocampal neurons in slices from Glud1 Tg mice exposed to ethanol for 2 h ex vivo. In conclusion, endogenous activity at glutamate synapses regulates and glutamate synaptic hyperactivity increases intraneuronal transport rates in CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Ranu Pal
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Joanne K. Marcario
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Mary L. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Elias K. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Alkadhi KA. Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Ability in Experimental Adult-Onset Hypothyroidism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:150-162. [PMID: 38508752 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset hypothyroidism impairs normal brain function. Research on animal models of hypothyroidism has revealed critical information on how deficiency of thyroid hormones impacts the electrophysiological and molecular functions of the brain, which leads to the well known cognitive impairment in untreated hypothyroid patients. Currently, such information can only be obtained from experiments on animal models of hypothyroidism. This review summarizes important research findings that pertain to understanding the clinical cognitive consequences of hypothyroidism, which will provide a better guiding path for therapy of hypothyroidism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cognitive impairment occurs during adult-onset hypothyroidism in both humans and animal models. Findings from animal studies validate clinical findings showing impaired long-term potentiation, decreased CaMKII, and increased calcineurin. Such findings can only be gleaned from animal experiments to show how hypothyroidism produces clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Ron Mizrachi B, Tendler A, Karin O, Milo T, Haran D, Mayo A, Alon U. Major depressive disorder and bistability in an HPA-CNS toggle switch. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011645. [PMID: 38055769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disorder. It has a complex and heterogeneous etiology. Most treatments take weeks to show effects and work well only for a fraction of the patients. Thus, new concepts are needed to understand MDD and its dynamics. One of the strong correlates of MDD is increased activity and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which produces the stress hormone cortisol. Existing mathematical models of the HPA axis describe its operation on the scale of hours, and thus are unable to explore the dynamic on the scale of weeks that characterizes many aspects of MDD. Here, we propose a mathematical model of MDD on the scale of weeks, a timescale provided by the growth of the HPA hormone glands under control of HPA hormones. We add to this the mutual inhibition of the HPA axis and the hippocampus and other regions of the central nervous system (CNS) that forms a toggle switch. The model shows bistability between euthymic and depressed states, with a slow timescale of weeks in its dynamics. It explains why prolonged but not acute stress can trigger a self-sustaining depressive episode that persists even after the stress is removed. The model explains the weeks timescale for drugs to take effect, as well as the dysregulation of the HPA axis in MDD, based on gland mass changes. This understanding of MDD dynamics may help to guide strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ron Mizrachi
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avichai Tendler
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Karin
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Milo
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dafna Haran
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Dept. Molecular Cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Munot S, Kim N, Huang Y, Keller CJ. Direct cortical stimulation induces short-term plasticity of neural oscillations in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567302. [PMID: 38014071 PMCID: PMC10680685 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Patterned brain stimulation is commonly employed as a tool for eliciting plasticity in brain circuits and treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Although widely used in clinical settings, there remains a limited understanding of how stimulation-induced plasticity influences neural oscillations and their interplay with the underlying baseline functional architecture. To address this question, we applied 15 minutes of 10Hz focal electrical simulation, a pattern identical to 'excitatory' repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), to 14 medically-intractable epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG). We quantified the spectral features of the cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEPs) in these patients before and after stimulation. We hypothesized that for a given region the temporal and spectral components of the CCEP predicted the location and degree of stimulation-induced plasticity. Across patients, low frequency power (alpha and beta) showed the broadest change, while the magnitude of change was stronger in high frequencies (beta and gamma). Next we demonstrated that regions with stronger baseline evoked spectral responses were more likely to undergo plasticity after stimulation. These findings were specific to a given frequency in a specific temporal window. Post-stimulation power changes were driven by the interaction between direction of change in baseline power and temporal window of change. Finally, regions exhibiting early increases and late decreases in evoked baseline power exhibited power changes after stimulation and were independent of stimulation location. Together, these findings that time-frequency baseline features predict post-stimulation plasticity effects demonstrate properties akin to Hebbian learning in humans and extend this theory to the temporal and spectral window of interest. These findings can help improve our understanding of human brain plasticity and lead to more effective brain stimulation techniques. Significance Statement Brain stimulation is increasingly used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders by inducing changes in neural activity at specific brain regions. Despite their effectiveness, how these changes occur, specifically in the spectral domain, is unknown. To better understand how brain oscillations change after patterned stimulation, we performed focused stimulation in epilepsy patients and measured intracranial brain recordings. We found strong and predictable changes in brain oscillations (plasticity) after patterned stimulation. Specifically, low frequencies showing widespread effects and high frequencies exhibiting a greater magnitude of change. These changes were directly related to the temporal and spectral structure of brain responses prior to stimulation. Our study reveals that baseline brain activity patterns can predict how stimulation will induce plasticity in the spectral domain. These findings can help improve our understanding of human brain plasticity and lead to more effective brain stimulation techniques. Highlights We applied 15 minutes of repetitive 10Hz focal electrical stimulation and assessed the evoked brain-wide spectral changes with intracranial EEG.10Hz stimulation induced short-term plasticity in low frequency alpha evoked power broadly across regions and time windows and high frequency (beta, gamma) power specifically in early evoked time windows (10-50ms).Across patients, frequency bands, and time windows, brain regions with stronger baseline evoked power were more likely to undergo greater spectral changes after 10Hz stimulation.Post-stimulation spectral changes were specific; that is, for a given frequency band in a specific time window, baseline evoked power predicted post-stimulation change in the same frequency band and time window.Post-stimulation spectral change was driven by an interaction between direction of change and temporal window of baseline power; that is, regions exhibiting baseline evoked early (10-100ms) increases and late (100-200ms) decreases in power correlated with observed post-stimulation spectral changes.These results were independent of stimulation location.
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KASAI H. Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:254-305. [PMID: 37821392 PMCID: PMC10749395 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent research extends our understanding of brain processes beyond just action potentials and chemical transmissions within neural circuits, emphasizing the mechanical forces generated by excitatory synapses on dendritic spines to modulate presynaptic function. From in vivo and in vitro studies, we outline five central principles of synaptic mechanics in brain function: P1: Stability - Underpinning the integral relationship between the structure and function of the spine synapses. P2: Extrinsic dynamics - Highlighting synapse-selective structural plasticity which plays a crucial role in Hebbian associative learning, distinct from pathway-selective long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). P3: Neuromodulation - Analyzing the role of G-protein-coupled receptors, particularly dopamine receptors, in time-sensitive modulation of associative learning frameworks such as Pavlovian classical conditioning and Thorndike's reinforcement learning (RL). P4: Instability - Addressing the intrinsic dynamics crucial to memory management during continual learning, spotlighting their role in "spine dysgenesis" associated with mental disorders. P5: Mechanics - Exploring how synaptic mechanics influence both sides of synapses to establish structural traces of short- and long-term memory, thereby aiding the integration of mental functions. We also delve into the historical background and foresee impending challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo KASAI
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Bartesaghi R. Brain circuit pathology in Down syndrome: from neurons to neural networks. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:365-423. [PMID: 36170842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a genetic pathology caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by brain hypotrophy and impairment of cognition starting from infancy. While studies in mouse models of DS have elucidated the major neuroanatomical and neurochemical defects of DS, comparatively fewer investigations have focused on the electrophysiology of the DS brain. Electrical activity is at the basis of brain functioning. Therefore, knowledge of the way in which brain circuits operate in DS is fundamental to understand the causes of behavioral impairment and devise targeted interventions. This review summarizes the state of the art regarding the electrical properties of the DS brain, starting from individual neurons and culminating in signal processing in whole neuronal networks. The reported evidence derives from mouse models of DS and from brain tissues and neurons derived from individuals with DS. EEG data recorded in individuals with DS are also provided as a key tool to understand the impact of brain circuit alterations on global brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Sun W, Li J, Li X, Chen X, Mei Y, Yang Y, An L. Aluminium oxide nanoparticles compromise spatial memory performance and proBDNF-mediated neuronal function in the hippocampus of rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:34. [PMID: 35538555 PMCID: PMC9087928 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alumina nanoparticles (aluminaNPs), which are widely used in a range of daily and medical fields, have been shown to penetrate blood-brain barrier, and distribute and accumulate in different brain areas. Although oral treatment of aluminaNPs induces hippocampus-dependent learning and memory impairments, characteristic effects and exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, male adult rats received a single bilateral infusion of aluminaNPs (10 or 20 µg/kg of body weight) into the hippocampal region, and their behavioral performance and neural function were assessed. Results The results indicated that the intra-hippocampus infusions at both doses of aluminaNPs did not cause spatial learning inability but memory deficit in the water maze task. This impairment was attributed to the effects of aluminaNP on memory consolidation phase through activation of proBDNF/RhoA pathway. Inhibition of the increased proBDNF by hippocampal infusions of p75NTR antagonist could effectively rescue the memory impairment. Incubation of aluminaNPs exaggerated GluN2B-dependent LTD induction with no effects on LTD expression in hippocampal slices. AluminaNP could also depress the amplitude of NMDA-GluN2B EPSCs. Meanwhile, increased reactive oxygen specie production was reduced by blocking proBDNF-p75NTR pathway in the hippocampal homogenates. Furthermore, the neuronal correlate of memory behavior was drastically weakened in the aluminaNP-infused groups. The dysfunction of synaptic and neuronal could be obviously mitigated by blocking proBDNF receptor p75NTR, implying the involvement of proBDNF signaling in aluminaNP-impaired memory process. Conclusions Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that the accumulation of aluminaNPs in the hippocampus exaggeratedly activates proBDNF signaling, which leads to neural and memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.,Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.,Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yazi Mei
- Graduate School of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China. .,Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China. .,Graduate School of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Goto JI, Fujii S, Fujiwara H, Mikoshiba K, Yamazaki Y. Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons of mice lacking inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-binding protein released with IP 3 (IRBIT). Learn Mem 2022; 29:110-119. [PMID: 35351819 PMCID: PMC8973391 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053542.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In hippocampal CA1 neurons of wild-type mice, a short tetanus (15 or 20 pulses at 100 Hz) or a standard tetanus (100 pulses at 100 Hz) to a naive input pathway induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of the responses. Low-frequency stimulation (LFS; 1000 pulses at 1 Hz) 60 min after the standard tetanus reverses LTP (depotentiation [DP]), while LFS applied 60 min prior to the standard tetanus suppresses LTP induction (LTP suppression). We investigated LTP, DP, and LTP suppression of both field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and population spikes in CA1 neurons of mice lacking the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R)-binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT). The mean magnitudes of LTP induced by short and standard tetanus were not different in mutant and wild-type mice. In contrast, DP and LTP suppression were attenuated in mutant mice, whereby the mean magnitude of responses after LFS or tetanus were significantly greater than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that, in hippocampal CA1 neurons, IRBIT is involved in DP and LTP suppression, but is not essential for LTP. The attenuation of DP and LTP suppression in mice lacking IRBIT indicates that this protein, released during or after priming stimulations, determines the direction of LTP expression after the delivery of subsequent stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Goto
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujiwara
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Science, Riken, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Stojanovic T, Velarde Gamez D, Schuld GJ, Bormann D, Cabatic M, Uhrin P, Lubec G, Monje FJ. Age-Dependent and Pathway-Specific Bimodal Action of Nicotine on Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Mice Lacking the miR-132/212 Genes. Cells 2022; 11:261. [PMID: 35053378 PMCID: PMC8774101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction develops predominantly during human adolescence through smoking. Self-administration experiments in rodents verify this biological preponderance to adolescence, suggesting evolutionary-conserved and age-defined mechanisms which influence the susceptibility to nicotine addiction. The hippocampus, a brain region linked to drug-related memory storage, undergoes major morpho-functional restructuring during adolescence and is strongly affected by nicotine stimulation. However, the signaling mechanisms shaping the effects of nicotine in young vs. adult brains remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerged recently as modulators of brain neuroplasticity, learning and memory, and addiction. Nevertheless, the age-dependent interplay between miRNAs regulation and hippocampal nicotinergic signaling remains poorly explored. We here combined biophysical and pharmacological methods to examine the impact of miRNA-132/212 gene-deletion (miRNA-132/212-/-) and nicotine stimulation on synaptic functions in adolescent and mature adult mice at two hippocampal synaptic circuits: the medial perforant pathway (MPP) to dentate yrus (DG) synapses (MPP-DG) and CA3 Schaffer collaterals to CA1 synapses (CA3-CA1). Basal synaptic transmission and short-term (paired-pulse-induced) synaptic plasticity was unaltered in adolescent and adult miRNA-132/212-/- mice hippocampi, compared with wild-type controls. However, nicotine stimulation promoted CA3-CA1 synaptic potentiation in mature adult (not adolescent) wild-type and suppressed MPP-DG synaptic potentiation in miRNA-132/212-/- mice. Altered levels of CREB, Phospho-CREB, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression were further detected in adult miRNA-132/212-/- mice hippocampi. These observations propose miRNAs as age-sensitive bimodal regulators of hippocampal nicotinergic signaling and, given the relevance of the hippocampus for drug-related memory storage, encourage further research on the influence of miRNAs 132 and 212 in nicotine addiction in the young and the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - David Velarde Gamez
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabor Jorrid Schuld
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Department of Surgery, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Research Laboratories Vienna General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maureen Cabatic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
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Yildiz CB, Zimmer-Bensch G. Role of DNMTs in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:363-394. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Role of hippocampal NF-κB and GluN2B in the memory acquisition impairment of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20033. [PMID: 34625609 PMCID: PMC8501066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine can induce severe neurobehavioral changes, among others, the ones involved in learning and memory processes. It is known that during drug consumption, cocaine-associated memory and learning processes take place. However, much less is known about the effects of this drug upon the mechanisms involved in forgetting.The present report focuses on the mechanisms by which cocaine affects memory consolidation of experiences acquired prior to drug administration. We also study the involvement of hippocampus in these processes, with special interest on the role of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor 2B (GluN2B), and their relationship with other proteins, such as cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). For this purpose, we developed a rat experimental model of chronic cocaine administration in which spatial memory and the expression or activity of several proteins in the hippocampus were assessed after 36 days of drug administration. We report an impairment in memory acquisition of experiences gathered prior to cocaine administration, associated to an increase in GluN2B expression in the hippocampus. We also demonstrate a decrease in NF-κB activity, as well as in the expression of the active form of CREB, confirming the role of these transcription factors in the cocaine-induced memory impairment.
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of review
As fields such as neurotoxicity evaluation and neuro-related drug research are increasing in popularity, there is a demand for the expansion of neurotoxicity research. Currently, neurotoxicity is assessed by measuring changes in weight and behavior. However, measurement of such changes does not allow the detection of subtle and inconspicuous neurotoxicity. In this review, methods for advancing neurotoxicity research are divided into molecule-, cell-, circuit-, and animal model-based methods, and the results of previous studies assessing neurotoxicity are provided and discussed.
Recent findings
In coming decades, cooperation between universities, national research institutes, industrial research institutes, governments, and the private sector will become necessary when identifying alternative methods for neurotoxicity evaluation, which is a current goal related to improving neurotoxicity assessment and an appropriate approach to neurotoxicity prediction. Many methods for measuring neurotoxicity in the field of neuroscience have recently been reported. This paper classifies the supplementary and complementary experimental measures for evaluating neurotoxicity.
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14
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Missaire M, Fraize N, Comte JC, Truchet B, Parmentier R, Salin PA, Malleret G. Working and Reference Memory Tasks Trigger Opposed Long-Term Synaptic Changes in the Rat Dentate Gyrus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2980-2992. [PMID: 33506269 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term storage of information into memory is supposed to rely on long-term synaptic plasticity processes. The detection of such synaptic changes after training in long-term/reference memory (RM) tasks has yet been scarce, variable and only studied on a short time scale. Short-term or working memory (WM) is largely known to depend on persistent neuronal activity or short-term plasticity. However, processing information into WM could also involve long-term synaptic changes that could be responsible for the erasure/forgetting of items previously stored in WM and acting as proactive interference. In order to study long-term synaptic changes associated with RM or WM, we trained chronically implanted rats in 3 different radial maze tasks: a classical RM task and 2 WM tasks involving different levels of proactive interference. Synaptic responses in the dentate gyrus were recorded during 2 × 24 h in freely moving rats after training. We found that consolidation of long-term information leads first to a delayed synaptic potentiation, occurring 9 h after RM training that is replaced by a synaptic depression once the RM rule is fully acquired. In contrast, optimal information processing into WM triggers a synaptic depression immediately after training and lasting 3 h that could act as a mechanism for interference erasure/forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Missaire
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Nicolas Fraize
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Bruno Truchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille F-13331, France
| | - Régis Parmentier
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Salin
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Gaël Malleret
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
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15
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Stojanovic T, Benes H, Awad A, Bormann D, Monje FJ. Nicotine abolishes memory-related synaptic strengthening and promotes synaptic depression in the neurogenic dentate gyrus of miR-132/212 knockout mice. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12905. [PMID: 32293776 PMCID: PMC7988623 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are highly evolutionarily conserved short-length/noncoding RNA molecules that modulate a wide range of cellular functions in many cell types by regulating the expression of a variety of targeted genes. miRNAs have also recently emerged as key regulators of neuronal genes mediating the effects of psychostimulant drugs and memory-related neuroplasticity processes. Smoking is a predominant addictive behaviour associated with millions of deaths worldwide, and nicotine is a potent natural psychoactive agonist of cholinergic receptors, highly abundant in cigarettes. The influence of miRNAs modulation on cholinergic signalling in the nervous system remains however poorly explored. Using miRNA knockout mice and biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches, we examined the effects of miR-132/212 gene disruption on the levels of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, total ERK and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and MeCP2 protein levels, and studied the impact of nicotine stimulation on hippocampal synaptic transmission and synaptic depression and strengthening. miR-132/212 deletion significantly altered α7-nAChR and pERK protein levels, but not total ERK or MeCP2, and resulted in both exacerbated synaptic depression and virtually abolished memory-related synaptic strengthening upon nicotine stimulation. These observations reveal a functional miRNAs/nicotinergic signalling interplay critical for nicotinic-receptor expression and neuroplasticity in brain structures relevant for drug addiction and learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Hannah Benes
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Amena Awad
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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16
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Effects of SSRI treatment on GABA and glutamate levels in an associative relearning paradigm. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117913. [PMID: 33657450 PMCID: PMC7610796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive flexibility represents a widespread symptom in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), a disease, characterized by an imbalance of neuro-transmitter concentrations. While memory formation is mostly associated with glutamate, also gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin show attributions in a complex interplay between neurotransmitter systems. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) does not solely affect the serotonergic system but shows downstream effects on GABA- and glutamatergic neurotransmission, potentially helping to restore cognitive function via neuroplastic effects. Hence, this study aims to elaborate the effects of associative relearning and SSRI treatment on GABAergic and glutamatergic function within and between five brain regions using magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI). In this study, healthy subjects were randomized into four groups which underwent three weeks of an associative relearning paradigm, with or without emotional connotation, under SSRI (10mg escitalopram) or placebo administration. MRSI measurements, using a spiral-encoded, 3D-GABA-edited MEGA-LASER sequence at 3T, were performed on the first and last day of relearning. Mean GABA+/tCr (GABA+ = GABA + macromolecules; tCr = total creatine) and Glx/tCr (Glx = glutamate + glutamine) ratios were quantified in a ROI-based approach for the hippocampus, insula, putamen, pallidum and thalamus, using LCModel. A total of 66 subjects ((37 female, mean age ± SD = 25.4±4.7) for Glx/tCr and 58 subjects (32 female, mean age ± SD = 25.1±4.7) for GABA+/tCr were included in the final analysis. A significant measurement by region and treatment (SSRI vs placebo) interaction on Glx/tCr ratios was found (pcor=0.017), with post hoc tests confirming differential effects on hippocampus and thalamus (pcor=0.046). Moreover, treatment by time comparison, for each ROI independently, showed a reduction of hippocampal Glx/tCr ratios after SSRI treatment (puncor=0.033). No significant treatment effects on GABA+/tCr ratios or effects of relearning condition on any neurotransmitter ratio could be found. Here, we showed a significant SSRI- and relearning-driven interaction effect of hippocampal and thalamic Glx/tCr levels, suggesting differential behavior based on different serotonin transporter and receptor densities. Moreover, an indication for Glx/tCr adaptions in the hippocampus after three weeks of SSRI treatment could be revealed. Our findings are in line with animal studies reporting glutamate adaptions in the hippocampus following chronic SSRI intake. Due to the complex interplay of serotonin and hippocampal function, involving multiple serotonin receptor subtypes on glutamatergic cells and GABAergic interneurons, the interpretation of underlying neurobiological actions remains challenging.
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17
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Jamjoom AAB, Rhodes J, Andrews PJD, Grant SGN. The synapse in traumatic brain injury. Brain 2021; 144:18-31. [PMID: 33186462 PMCID: PMC7880663 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of TBI has focused on the impact of injury on the neuron. However, recent advances have shown that TBI has a major impact on synapse structure and function through a combination of the immediate mechanical insult and the ensuing secondary injury processes, leading to synapse loss. In this review, we highlight the role of the synapse in TBI pathophysiology with a focus on the confluence of multiple secondary injury processes including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary insult triggers a cascade of events in each of these secondary processes and we discuss the complex interplay that occurs at the synapse. We also examine how the synapse is impacted by traumatic axonal injury and the role it may play in the spread of tau after TBI. We propose that astrocytes play a crucial role by mediating both synapse loss and recovery. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the field including synapse molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers and therapeutics. In particular, we discuss advances in our understanding of synapse diversity and suggest that the new technology of synaptome mapping may prove useful in identifying synapses that are vulnerable or resistant to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimun A B Jamjoom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jonathan Rhodes
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Peter J D Andrews
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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18
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Ferrazzoli D, Ortelli P, Volpe D, Cucca A, Versace V, Nardone R, Saltuari L, Sebastianelli L. The Ties That Bind: Aberrant Plasticity and Networks Dysfunction in Movement Disorders-Implications for Rehabilitation. Brain Connect 2021; 11:278-296. [PMID: 33403893 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Movement disorders encompass various conditions affecting the nervous system. The pathological processes underlying movement disorders lead to aberrant synaptic plastic changes, which in turn alter the functioning of large-scale brain networks. Therefore, clinical phenomenology does not only entail motor symptoms but also cognitive and motivational disturbances. The result is the disruption of motor learning and motor behavior. Due to this complexity, the responsiveness to standard therapies could be disappointing. Specific forms of rehabilitation entailing goal-based practice, aerobic training, and the use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could "restore" neuroplasticity at motor-cognitive circuitries, leading to clinical gains. This is probably associated with modulations occurring at both molecular (synaptic) and circuitry levels (networks). Several gaps remain in our understanding of the relationships among plasticity and neural networks and how neurorehabilitation could promote clinical gains is still unclear. Purposes: In this review, we outline first the networks involved in motor learning and behavior and analyze which mechanisms link the pathological synaptic plastic changes with these networks' disruption in movement disorders. Therefore, we provide theoretical and practical bases to be applied for treatment in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrazzoli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
| | - Paola Ortelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
| | - Daniele Volpe
- Fresco Parkinson Center, Villa Margherita, S. Stefano Riabilitazione, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Cucca
- Fresco Parkinson Center, Villa Margherita, S. Stefano Riabilitazione, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Neurology, The Marlene & Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
| | - Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital (SABES-ASDAA), Merano-Meran, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
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Sumner RL, Spriggs MJ, Shaw AD. Modelling thalamocortical circuitry shows that visually induced LTP changes laminar connectivity in human visual cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008414. [PMID: 33476341 PMCID: PMC7853500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is essential to learning and memory in the brain; it has therefore also been implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, making measuring the state of neuroplasticity of foremost importance to clinical neuroscience. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a key mechanism of neuroplasticity and has been studied extensively, and invasively in non-human animals. Translation to human application largely relies on the validation of non-invasive measures of LTP. The current study presents a generative thalamocortical computational model of visual cortex for investigating and replicating interlaminar connectivity changes using non-invasive EEG recording of humans. The model is combined with a commonly used visual sensory LTP paradigm and fit to the empirical EEG data using dynamic causal modelling. The thalamocortical model demonstrated remarkable accuracy recapitulating post-tetanus changes seen in invasive research, including increased excitatory connectivity from thalamus to layer IV and from layer IV to II/III, established major sites of LTP in visual cortex. These findings provide justification for the implementation of the presented thalamocortical model for ERP research, including to provide increased detail on the nature of changes that underlie LTP induced in visual cortex. Future applications include translating rodent findings to non-invasive research in humans concerning deficits to LTP that may underlie neurological and psychiatric disease. The brain’s ability to learn and form memories is governed by neuroplasticity. One of the major mechanisms of neuroplasticity is long-term potentiation (LTP). To study LTP in detail necessitates implanting electrodes in the brain of non-human animals. However, to translate this knowledge to humans requires a non-invasive method. Neural mass models use mathematical equations to describe the brain’s neural architecture and function over time. Fitting these models to real data, using methods such as dynamic causal modelling (DCM), helps to elucidate the connectivity and major channel changes that could have plausibly caused the observed effects in electroencephalography data recorded non-invasively from the scalp. The current study presents a thalamocortical model of the neural architecture of the visual system combined with a thalamic compartment. The model is able to represent the basic transfer of visual information to the cortex, mediated by major receptor types. We combined the thalamocortical model with a visual processing task that uses black and white grating images to induce and measure LTP in visual cortex. We hypothesised that the changes in the model would be consistent with what is seen in animal invasive recordings. The model demonstrated remarkable accuracy in recapitulating changes to neural architecture consistent with the induction of LTP in visual cortex. Additionally, the result demonstrated specificity to the visual input that induced LTP. Future applications include translating animal findings that are beginning to determine how disordered LTP may underlie neurological and psychiatric disease (for example depression, schizophrenia, autism, and dementia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L. Sumner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Meg J. Spriggs
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D. Shaw
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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Aponte-Santiago NA, Littleton JT. Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons. Front Physiol 2020; 11:611982. [PMID: 33391026 PMCID: PMC7772194 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining neuronal cell types and their associated biophysical and synaptic diversity has become an important goal in neuroscience as a mechanism to create comprehensive brain cell atlases in the post-genomic age. Beyond broad classification such as neurotransmitter expression, interneuron vs. pyramidal, sensory or motor, the field is still in the early stages of understanding closely related cell types. In both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, one well-described distinction related to firing characteristics and synaptic release properties are tonic and phasic neuronal subtypes. In vertebrates, these classes were defined based on sustained firing responses during stimulation (tonic) vs. transient responses that rapidly adapt (phasic). In crustaceans, the distinction expanded to include synaptic release properties, with tonic motoneurons displaying sustained firing and weaker synapses that undergo short-term facilitation to maintain muscle contraction and posture. In contrast, phasic motoneurons with stronger synapses showed rapid depression and were recruited for short bursts during fast locomotion. Tonic and phasic motoneurons with similarities to those in crustaceans have been characterized in Drosophila, allowing the genetic toolkit associated with this model to be used for dissecting the unique properties and plasticity mechanisms for these neuronal subtypes. This review outlines general properties of invertebrate tonic and phasic motoneurons and highlights recent advances that characterize distinct synaptic and plasticity pathways associated with two closely related glutamatergic neuronal cell types that drive invertebrate locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Aponte-Santiago
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J. Troy Littleton
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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21
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Lea-Carnall CA, Williams SR, Sanaei-Nezhad F, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Montemurro MA, El-Deredy W, Parkes LM. GABA Modulates Frequency-Dependent Plasticity in Humans. iScience 2020; 23:101657. [PMID: 33163932 PMCID: PMC7599432 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex, together with perceptual changes, arises following repetitive sensory stimulation. Here, we investigate the role of GABA in this process. We co-stimulated two finger tips and measured GABA and Glx using magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at the beginning and end of the stimulation. Participants performed a perceptual learning task before and after stimulation. There were 2 sessions with stimulation frequency either at or above the resonance frequency of the primary somatosensory cortex (23 and 39 Hz, respectively). Perceptual learning occurred following above resonance stimulation only, while GABA reduced during this condition. Lower levels of early GABA were associated with greater perceptual learning. One possible mechanism underlying this finding is that cortical disinhibition “unmasks” lateral connections within the cortex to permit adaptation to the sensory environment. These results provide evidence in humans for a frequency-dependent inhibitory mechanism underlying learning and suggest a mechanism-based approach for optimizing neurostimulation frequency. In the context of repetitive sensory stimulation, GABA release is frequency dependent Stimulating above the resonance frequency of the somatosensory cortex reduces GABA Perceptual learning is associated with a reduction in GABA Early GABA reduction opens a window for plasticity and learning
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Lea-Carnall
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Faezeh Sanaei-Nezhad
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nelson J. Trujillo-Barreto
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcelo A. Montemurro
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Corresponding author
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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22
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Sumi T, Harada K. Mechanism underlying hippocampal long-term potentiation and depression based on competition between endocytosis and exocytosis of AMPA receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14711. [PMID: 32895399 PMCID: PMC7477194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of signal transmission form neural circuits and thus are thought to underlie learning and memory. These mechanisms are mediated by AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in postsynaptic neurons. However, the regulatory mechanism of bidirectional plasticity at excitatory synapses remains unclear. We present a network model of AMPAR trafficking for adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which reproduces both LTP and LTD. We show that the induction of both LTP and LTD is regulated by the competition between exocytosis and endocytosis of AMPARs, which are mediated by the calcium-sensors synaptotagmin 1/7 (Syt1/7) and protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1), respectively. Our result indicates that recycling endosomes containing AMPAR are always ready for Syt1/7-dependent exocytosis of AMPAR at peri-synaptic/synaptic membranes. This is because molecular motor myosin Vb constitutively transports the recycling endosome toward the membrane in a Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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23
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Arroyo-García LE, Prius-Mengual J, Andrade-Talavera Y, Armengol JA, Pérez-Villegas EM, Duque-Feria P, Flores G, Rodríguez-Moreno A. Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Developmental Loss of Spike Timing-Dependent Depression in the Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3266-3281. [PMID: 30169759 PMCID: PMC6644873 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical periods of synaptic plasticity facilitate the reordering and refining of neural connections during development, allowing the definitive synaptic circuits responsible for correct adult physiology to be established. Presynaptic spike timing-dependent long-term depression (t-LTD) exists in the hippocampus, which depends on the activation of NMDARs and that probably fulfills a role in synaptic refinement. This t-LTD is present until the third postnatal week in mice, disappearing in the fourth week of postnatal development. We were interested in the mechanisms underlying this maturation related loss of t-LTD and we found that at CA3–CA1 synapses, presynaptic NMDA receptors (pre-NMDARs) are tonically active between P13 and P21, mediating an increase in glutamate release during this critical period of plasticity. Conversely, at the end of this critical period (P22–P30) and coinciding with the loss of t-LTD, these pre-NMDARs are no longer tonically active. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we demonstrated the existence of pre-NMDARs at Schaffer collateral synaptic boutons, where a decrease in the number of pre-NMDARs during development coincides with the loss of both tonic pre-NMDAR activation and t-LTD. Interestingly, this t-LTD can be completely recovered by antagonizing adenosine type 1 receptors (A1R), which also recovers the tonic activation of pre-NMDARs at P22–P30. By contrast, the induction of t-LTD was prevented at P13–P21 by an agonist of A1R, as was tonic pre-NMDAR activation. Furthermore, we found that the adenosine that mediated the loss of t-LTD during the fourth week of development is supplied by astrocytes. These results provide direct evidence for the mechanism that closes the window of plasticity associated with t-LTD, revealing novel events probably involved in synaptic remodeling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis E Arroyo-García
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Prius-Mengual
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Armengol
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Pérez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Duque-Feria
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Sumner RL, Spriggs MJ, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Kirk IJ. The role of Hebbian learning in human perception: a methodological and theoretical review of the human Visual Long-Term Potentiation paradigm. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:220-237. [PMID: 32562886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one of the most widely studied forms of neural plasticity, and is thought to be the principle mechanism underlying long-term memory and learning in the brain. Sensory paradigms utilising electroencephalography (EEG) and sensory stimulation to induce LTP have allowed translation from rodent and primate invasive research to non-invasive human investigations. This review focusses on visual sensory LTP induced using repetitive visual stimulation, resulting in changes in the visually evoked response recorded at the scalp with EEG. Across 15 years of use and replication in humans several major paradigm variants for eliciting visual LTP have emerged. The application of different paradigms, and the broad implementation of visual LTP across different populations combines to provide a rich and sensitive account of Hebbian LTP, and potentially non-Hebbian plasticity mechanisms. This review will conclude with a discussion of how these findings have advanced existing theories of perceptual learning by positioning Hebbian learning both alongside and within other major theories such as Predictive Coding and The Free Energy Principle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meg J Spriggs
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Ian J Kirk
- Brain Research, New Zealand; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Peyrache A, Seibt J. A mechanism for learning with sleep spindles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190230. [PMID: 32248788 PMCID: PMC7209910 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindles are ubiquitous oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A growing body of evidence points to a possible link with learning and memory, and the underlying mechanisms are now starting to be unveiled. Specifically, spindles are associated with increased dendritic activity and high intracellular calcium levels, a situation favourable to plasticity, as well as with control of spiking output by feed-forward inhibition. During spindles, thalamocortical networks become unresponsive to inputs, thus potentially preventing interference between memory-related internal information processing and extrinsic signals. At the system level, spindles are co-modulated with other major NREM oscillations, including hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) and neocortical slow waves, both previously shown to be associated with learning and memory. The sequential occurrence of reactivation at the time of SWRs followed by neuronal plasticity-promoting spindles is a possible mechanism to explain NREM sleep-dependent consolidation of memories. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Julie Seibt
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Escobar I, Xu J, Jackson CW, Perez-Pinzon MA. Altered Neural Networks in the Papez Circuit: Implications for Cognitive Dysfunction after Cerebral Ischemia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:425-446. [PMID: 30584147 PMCID: PMC6398564 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although the incidence of death has decreased over the years, surviving patients may suffer from long-term cognitive impairments and have an increased risk for dementia. Unfortunately, research aimed toward developing therapies that can improve cognitive outcomes following cerebral ischemia has proved difficult given the fact that little is known about the underlying processes involved. Nevertheless, mechanisms that disrupt neural network activity may provide valuable insight, since disturbances in both local and global networks in the brain have been associated with deficits in cognition. In this review, we suggest that abnormal neural dynamics within different brain networks may arise from disruptions in synaptic plasticity processes and circuitry after ischemia. This discussion primarily concerns disruptions in local network activity within the hippocampus and other extra-hippocampal components of the Papez circuit, given their role in memory processing. However, impaired synaptic plasticity processes and disruptions in structural and functional connections within the Papez circuit have important implications for alterations within the global network, as well. Although much work is required to establish this relationship, evidence thus far suggests there is a link. If pursued further, findings may lead toward a better understanding of how deficits in cognition arise, not only in cerebral ischemia, but in other neurological diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Escobar
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Britten RA, Duncan VD, Fesshaye A, Rudobeck E, Nelson GA, Vlkolinsky R. Altered Cognitive Flexibility and Synaptic Plasticity in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex after Exposure to Low (≤15 cGy) Doses of 28Si Radiation. Radiat Res 2020; 193:223-235. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15458.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emil Rudobeck
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92354
| | - Gregory A. Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92354
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92354
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28
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Chin Fatt CR, Jha MK, Cooper CM, Fonzo G, South C, Grannemann B, Carmody T, Greer TL, Kurian B, Fava M, McGrath PJ, Adams P, McInnis M, Parsey RV, Weissman M, Phillips ML, Etkin A, Trivedi MH. Effect of Intrinsic Patterns of Functional Brain Connectivity in Moderating Antidepressant Treatment Response in Major Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:143-154. [PMID: 31537090 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder is associated with aberrant resting-state functional connectivity across multiple brain networks supporting emotion processing, executive function, and reward processing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patterns of resting-state connectivity between brain regions predict differential outcome to antidepressant medication (sertraline) compared with placebo. METHODS Participants in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study underwent structural and resting-state functional MRI at baseline. Participants were then randomly assigned to receive either sertraline or placebo treatment for 8 weeks (N=279). A region of interest-based approach was utilized to compute functional connectivity between brain regions. Linear mixed-model intent-to-treat analyses were used to identify brain regions that moderated (i.e., differentially predicted) outcomes between the sertraline and placebo arms. RESULTS Prediction of response to sertraline involved several within- and between-network connectivity patterns. In general, higher connectivity within the default mode network predicted better outcomes specifically for sertraline, as did greater between-network connectivity of the default mode and executive control networks. In contrast, both placebo and sertraline outcomes were predicted (in opposite directions) by between-network hippocampal connectivity. CONCLUSIONS This study identified specific functional network-based moderators of treatment outcome involving brain networks known to be affected by major depression. Specifically, functional connectivity patterns of brain regions between and within networks appear to play an important role in identifying a favorable response for a drug treatment for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherise R Chin Fatt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Crystal M Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Gregory Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Charles South
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Bruce Grannemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Thomas Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Tracy L Greer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Benji Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Phillip Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Myrna Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Chin Fatt, Jha, Cooper, South, Grannemann, Carmody, Greer, Kurian, Trivedi); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Jha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Fonzo, Etkin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Fava); New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York (McGrath, Adams, Weissman); Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (McInnis); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y. (Parsey); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Phillips)
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Moriya F, Shimba K, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Change in Evoked Response of Mature Neuronal Network to Spatial Pattern Stimulation by Immature Neurons. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2141-2144. [PMID: 31946324 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is known to enhance pattern separation. However, the effect of adult neurogenesis on spatial pattern separation at the cellular assembly level is unclear. In order to elucidate how newborn and immature neurons change learning of spatial pattern of mature neuronal network, we evaluated evoked response to two types of spatial patterns of the cultured hippocampal network with or without added neural stem cells by using electrical stimulation on microelectrode array. Results show that the existence of newborn and immature neurons changed evoked response of mature neuronal network to both trained and untrained patterns, suggesting that the presence of immature neurons may contribute to production of the change that mature neuronal network enhances LTP and excitation to stimuli.
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Fujii S, Yamazaki Y, Goto JI, Fujiwara H, Mikoshiba K. Depotentiation depends on IP 3 receptor activation sustained by synaptic inputs after LTP induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:52-66. [PMID: 31949037 PMCID: PMC6970427 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050344.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In CA1 neurons of guinea pig hippocampal slices, long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced in field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) or population spikes (PSs) by the delivery of high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 100 pulses at 100 Hz) to CA1 synapses, and was reversed by the delivery of a train of low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 1000 pulses at 2 Hz) at 30 min after HFS (depotentiation), and this effect was inhibited when test synaptic stimulation was halted for a 19-min period after HFS or for a 20-min period after LFS or applied over the same time period in the presence of an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), or inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Depotentiation was also blocked by the application of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor or a calcineurin inhibitor applied in the presence of test synaptic input for a 10-min period after HFS or for a 20-min period after LFS. These results suggest that, in postsynaptic neurons, the coactivation of NMDARs and group I mGluRs due to sustained synaptic activity following LTP induction results in the activation of IP3Rs and CaMKII, which leads to the activation of calcineurin after LFS and depotentiation of CA1 synaptic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Goto
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujiwara
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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31
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Kumar A. Calcium Signaling During Brain Aging and Its Influence on the Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:985-1012. [PMID: 31646542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are highly versatile intracellular signaling molecules and are universal second messenger for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological functions including synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ homeostasis in the central nervous system endures subtle dysregulation with advancing age. Research has provided abundant evidence that brain aging is associated with altered neuronal Ca2+ regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during aging. The current chapter takes a specific perspective, assessing various Ca2+ sources and the influence of aging on Ca2+ sources and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity mechanisms will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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32
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Spurny B, Seiger R, Moser P, Vanicek T, Reed MB, Heckova E, Michenthaler P, Basaran A, Gryglewski G, Klöbl M, Trattnig S, Kasper S, Bogner W, Lanzenberger R. Hippocampal GABA levels correlate with retrieval performance in an associative learning paradigm. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116244. [PMID: 31606475 PMCID: PMC7610791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity is a complex process dependent on neurochemical underpinnings. Next to the glutamatergic system which contributes to memory formation via long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA is crucially involved in neuroplastic processes. Hence, we investigated changes in glutamate and GABA levels in the brain in healthy participants performing an associative learning paradigm. Twenty healthy participants (10 female, 25 ± 5 years) underwent paired multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging before and after completing 21 days of a facial associative learning paradigm in a longitudinal study design. Changes of GABA and glutamate were compared to retrieval success in the hippocampus, insula and thalamus. No changes in GABA and glutamate concentration were found after 21 days of associative learning. However, baseline hippocampal GABA levels were significantly correlated with initial retrieval success (pcor = 0.013, r = 0.690). In contrast to the thalamus and insula (pcor>0.1), higher baseline GABA levels in the hippocampus were associated with better retrieval performance in an associative learning paradigm. Therefore, our findings support the importance of hippocampal GABA levels in memory formation in the human brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spurny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Seiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Moser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Murray B Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Heckova
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alim Basaran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Lai TKY, Zhai D, Su P, Jiang A, Boychuk J, Liu F. The receptor-receptor interaction between mGluR1 receptor and NMDA receptor: a potential therapeutic target for protection against ischemic stroke. FASEB J 2019; 33:14423-14439. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence K. Y. Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongxu Zhai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Boychuk
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Pinto-Duarte A, Roberts AJ, Ouyang K, Sejnowski TJ. Impairments in remote memory caused by the lack of Type 2 IP 3 receptors. Glia 2019; 67:1976-1989. [PMID: 31348567 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) is paramount for signal transduction in biological cells, mediating Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Of the three isoforms of IP3 receptors identified in the nervous system, Type 2 (IP3 R2) is the main isoform expressed by astrocytes. The complete lack of IP3 R2 in transgenic mice was shown to significantly disrupt Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes, while leaving neuronal intracellular pathways virtually unperturbed. Whether and how this predominantly nonneuronal receptor might affect long-term memory function has been a matter of intense debate. In this work, we found that the absence of IP3 R2-mediated signaling did not disrupt normal learning or recent (24-48 h) memory. Contrary to expectations, however, mice lacking IP3 R2 exhibited remote (2-4 weeks) memory deficits. Not only did the lack of IP3 R2 impair remote recognition, fear, and spatial memories, but it also prevented naturally occurring post-encoding memory enhancements consequent to memory consolidation. Consistent with the key role played by the downscaling of synaptic transmission in memory consolidation, we found that NMDAR-dependent long-term depression was abnormal in ex vivo hippocampal slices acutely prepared from IP3 R2-deficient mice, a deficit that could be prevented upon supplementation with D-serine - an NMDA-receptor co-agonist whose synthesis depends upon astrocytes' activity. Our results reveal that IP3 R2 activation, which in the brain is paramount for Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes, but not in neurons, can help shape brain plasticity by enhancing the consolidation of newly acquired information into long-term memories that can guide remote cognitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pinto-Duarte
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.,Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.,Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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35
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which long-term synaptic plasticity is expressed remains an important objective in neuroscience. From a physiological perspective, the strength of a synapse can be considered a consequence of several parameters including the probability that a presynaptic action potential (AP) evokes the release of neurotransmitter, the mean number of quanta of transmitter released when release is evoked, and the mean amplitude of a postsynaptic response to a single quantum. Various methods have been employed to estimate these quantal parameters from electrophysiological recordings; such "quantal analysis" has been used to support competing accounts of mechanisms of expression of long-term plasticity. Because electrophysiological recordings, even with minimal presynaptic stimulation, can reflect responses arising at multiple synaptic sites, these methods are open to alternative interpretations. By combining intracellular electrical recording with optical detection of transmission at individual synapses, however, it is possible to eliminate such ambiguity. Here, we describe methods for such combined optical and electrical monitoring of synaptic transmission in brain slice preparations and illustrate how quantal analyses thereby obtained permit more definitive conclusions about the physiological changes that underlie long-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Fine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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36
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Abraham WC, Jones OD, Glanzman DL. Is plasticity of synapses the mechanism of long-term memory storage? NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2019; 4:9. [PMID: 31285847 PMCID: PMC6606636 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-019-0048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic adaptation during learning. Hebb's seminal work foreshadowed some of the great neuroscientific discoveries of the following decades, including the discovery of long-term potentiation and other lasting forms of synaptic plasticity, and more recently the residence of memories in synaptically connected neuronal assemblies. Our understanding of the processes underlying learning and memory has been dominated by the view that synapses are the principal site of information storage in the brain. This view has received substantial support from research in several model systems, with the vast majority of studies on the topic corroborating a role for synapses in memory storage. Yet, despite the neuroscience community's best efforts, we are still without conclusive proof that memories reside at synapses. Furthermore, an increasing number of non-synaptic mechanisms have emerged that are also capable of acting as memory substrates. In this review, we address the key findings from the synaptic plasticity literature that make these phenomena such attractive memory mechanisms. We then turn our attention to evidence that questions the reliance of memory exclusively on changes at the synapse and attempt to integrate these opposing views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wickliffe C. Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - Owen D. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - David L. Glanzman
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Physiology, and Neurobiology, and the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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37
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Arias-Cavieres A, Barrientos GC, Sánchez G, Elgueta C, Muñoz P, Hidalgo C. Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Release Has a Key Role in Hippocampal LTD Induction. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:403. [PMID: 30459562 PMCID: PMC6232521 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission entails pre- and postsynaptic Ca2+ signals, which represent transient increments in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. In diverse synapse types, Ca2+ release from intracellular stores contributes to amplify the Ca2+ signals initially generated by activation of neuronal Ca2+ entry pathways. Here, we used hippocampal slices from young male rats to evaluate whether pharmacological activation or inhibition of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels modifies LTD induction at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Pre-incubation of slices with ryanodine (1 μM, 1 h) or caffeine (1 mM, 30 min) to promote RyR-mediated Ca2+ release facilitated LTD induction by low frequency stimulation (LFS), but did not affect the amplitude of synaptic transmission, the profiles of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) or the paired-pulse (PP) responses. Conversely, treatment with inhibitory ryanodine (20 μM, 1 h) to suppress RyR-mediated Ca2+ release prevented LTD induction, but did not affect baseline synaptic transmission or PP responses. Previous literature reports indicate that LTD induction requires presynaptic CaMKII activity. We found that 1 h after applying the LTD induction protocol, slices displayed a significant increase in CaMKII phosphorylation relative to the levels exhibited by un-stimulated (naïve) slices. In addition, LTD induction (1 h) enhanced the phosphorylation of the presynaptic protein Synapsin I at a CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation site, indicating that LTD induction stimulates presynaptic CaMKII activity. Pre-incubation of slices with 20 μM ryanodine abolished the increased CaMKII and Synapsin I phosphorylation induced by LTD, whereas naïve slices pre-incubated with inhibitory ryanodine displayed similar CaMKII and Synapsin I phosphorylation levels as naïve control slices. We posit that inhibitory ryanodine suppressed LTD-induced presynaptic CaMKII activity, as evidenced by the suppression of Synapsin I phosphorylation induced by LTD. Accordingly, we propose that presynaptic RyR-mediated Ca2+ signals contribute to LTD induction at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arias-Cavieres
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genaro C Barrientos
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Elgueta
- Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, Physiology Institute I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Pathology and Physiology Department, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience and Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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38
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Duda P, Wiśniewski J, Wójtowicz T, Wójcicka O, Jaśkiewicz M, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Rakus D, McCubrey JA, Gizak A. Targeting GSK3 signaling as a potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:833-848. [PMID: 30244615 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1526925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is at the center of cellular signaling and controls various aspects of brain functions, including development of the nervous system, neuronal plasticity and onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Areas covered: In this review, recent efforts in elucidating the roles of GSK3 in neuronal plasticity and development of brain pathologies; Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and age-related neurodegeneration are described. The effect of microglia and astrocytes on development of the pathological states is also discussed. Expert opinion: GSK3β and its signaling pathway partners hold great promise as therapeutic target(s) for a multitude of neurological disorders. Activity of the kinase is often elevated in brain disorders. However, due to the wide range of GSK3 cellular targets, global inhibition of the kinase leads to severe side-effects and GSK3 inhibitors rarely reach Phase-2 clinical trials. Thus, a selective modulation of a specific cellular pool of GSK3 or specific down- or upstream partners of the kinase might provide more efficient anti-neurodegenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Wiśniewski
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Olga Wójcicka
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Michał Jaśkiewicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dominika Drulis-Fajdasz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Kamiki E, Boehringer R, Polygalov D, Ohshima T, McHugh TJ. Inducible Knockout of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Activator p35 Alters Hippocampal Spatial Coding and Neuronal Excitability. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:138. [PMID: 29867369 PMCID: PMC5966581 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
p35 is an activating co-factor of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a protein whose dysfunction has been implicated in a wide-range of neurological disorders including cognitive impairment and disease. Inducible deletion of the p35 gene in adult mice results in profound deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and synaptic physiology, however the impact of the loss of p35 function on hippocampal in vivo physiology and spatial coding remains unknown. Here, we recorded CA1 pyramidal cell activity in freely behaving p35 cKO and control mice and found that place cells in the mutant mice have elevated firing rates and impaired spatial coding, accompanied by changes in the temporal organization of spiking both during exploration and rest. These data shed light on the role of p35 in maintaining cellular and network excitability and provide a physiological correlate of the spatial learning deficits in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Kamiki
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Roman Boehringer
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Denis Polygalov
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
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40
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Sun DG, Kang H, Tetteh H, Su J, Lee J, Park SW, He J, Jo J, Yang S, Yang S. Long term potentiation, but not depression, in interlamellar hippocampus CA1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5187. [PMID: 29581468 PMCID: PMC5979950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the lamellar CA3 to CA1 circuitry has been extensively studied while interlamellar CA1 to CA1 connections have not yet received much attention. One of our earlier studies demonstrated that axons of CA1 pyramidal neurons project to neighboring CA1 neurons, implicating information transfer along a longitudinal interlamellar network. Still, it remains unclear whether long-term synaptic plasticity is present within this longitudinal CA1 network. Here, we investigate long-term synaptic plasticity between CA1 pyramidal cells, using in vitro and in vivo extracellular recordings and 3D holography glutamate uncaging. We found that the CA1-CA1 network exhibits NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) without direction or layer selectivity. By contrast, we find no significant long-term depression (LTD) under various LTD induction protocols. These results implicate unique synaptic properties in the longitudinal projection suggesting that the interlamellar CA1 network could be a promising structure for hippocampus-related information processing and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Gyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeri Kang
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hannah Tetteh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Junfeng Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. .,NeuroMedical Convergence Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea.
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41
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Edelmann E, Lessmann V. Dopaminergic innervation and modulation of hippocampal networks. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:711-727. [PMID: 29470647 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamine dopamine plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent plasticity and related learning and memory processes. Dopamine secretion in the hippocampus is activated by, e.g., salient or novel stimuli, thereby helping to establish and to stabilize hippocampus-dependent memories. Disturbed dopaminergic function in the hippocampus leads to severe pathophysiological conditions. While the role and importance of dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal networks have been unequivocally proven, there is still a lack of detailed molecular and cellular mechanistic understanding of how dopamine orchestrates these hippocampal processes. In this chapter of the special issue "Hippocampal structure and function," we will discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic modulation of basal synaptic transmission and long-lasting, activity-dependent potentiation or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Edelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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42
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Lisman J. Glutamatergic synapses are structurally and biochemically complex because of multiple plasticity processes: long-term potentiation, long-term depression, short-term potentiation and scaling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0260. [PMID: 28093558 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are complex because they perform multiple functions, including at least six mechanistically different forms of plasticity. Here, I comment on recent developments regarding these processes. (i) Short-term potentiation (STP), a Hebbian process that requires small amounts of synaptic input, appears to make strong contributions to some forms of working memory. (ii) The rules for long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in CA3 have been clarified: induction does not depend obligatorily on backpropagating sodium spikes but, rather, on dendritic branch-specific N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) spikes. (iii) Late LTP, a process that requires a dopamine signal (and is therefore neoHebbian), is mediated by trans-synaptic growth of the synapse, a growth that occurs about an hour after LTP induction. (iv) LTD processes are complex and include both homosynaptic and heterosynaptic forms. (v) Synaptic scaling produced by changes in activity levels are not primarily cell-autonomous, but rather depend on network activity. (vi) The evidence for distance-dependent scaling along the primary dendrite is firm, and a plausible structural-based mechanism is suggested.Ideas about the mechanisms of synaptic function need to take into consideration newly emerging data about synaptic structure. Recent super-resolution studies indicate that glutamatergic synapses are modular (module size 70-80 nm), as predicted by theoretical work. Modules are trans-synaptic structures and have high concentrations of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. These modules function as quasi-independent loci of AMPA-mediated transmission and may be independently modifiable, suggesting a new understanding of quantal transmission.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity.'
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lisman
- Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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Aidil-Carvalho M, Carmo A, Ribeiro J, Cunha-Reis D. Mismatch novelty exploration training enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity: A tool for cognitive stimulation? Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:240-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lea-Carnall CA, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Montemurro MA, El-Deredy W, Parkes LM. Evidence for frequency-dependent cortical plasticity in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8871-8876. [PMID: 28765375 PMCID: PMC5565407 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620988114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent plasticity (FDP) describes adaptation at the synapse in response to stimulation at different frequencies. Its consequence on the structure and function of cortical networks is unknown. We tested whether cortical "resonance," favorable stimulation frequencies at which the sensory cortices respond maximally, influenced the impact of FDP on perception, functional topography, and connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex using psychophysics and functional imaging (fMRI). We costimulated two digits on the hand synchronously at, above, or below the resonance frequency of the somatosensory cortex, and tested subjects' accuracy and speed on tactile localization before and after costimulation. More errors and slower response times followed costimulation at above- or below-resonance, respectively. Response times were faster after at-resonance costimulation. In the fMRI, the cortical representations of the two digits costimulated above-resonance shifted closer, potentially accounting for the poorer performance. Costimulation at-resonance did not shift the digit regions, but increased the functional coupling between them, potentially accounting for the improved response time. To relate these results to synaptic plasticity, we simulated a network of oscillators incorporating Hebbian learning. Two neighboring patches embedded in a cortical sheet, mimicking the two digit regions, were costimulated at different frequencies. Network activation outside the stimulated patches was greatest at above-resonance frequencies, reproducing the spread of digit representations seen with fMRI. Connection strengths within the patches increased following at-resonance costimulation, reproducing the increased fMRI connectivity. We show that FDP extends to the cortical level and is influenced by cortical resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lea-Carnall
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
| | - Nelson J Trujillo-Barreto
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A Montemurro
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2366103, Chile
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Phillips C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Physical Activity: Making the Neuroplastic Connection. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:7260130. [PMID: 28928987 PMCID: PMC5591905 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7260130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that is vital to the survival, growth, and maintenance of neurons in key brain circuits involved in emotional and cognitive function. Convergent evidence indicates that neuroplastic mechanisms involving BDNF are deleteriously altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and animal models of stress. Herein, clinical and preclinical evidence provided that stress-induced depressive pathology contributes to altered BDNF level and function in persons with MDD and, thereby, disruptions in neuroplasticity at the regional and circuit level. Conversely, effective therapeutics that mitigate depressive-related symptoms (e.g., antidepressants and physical activity) optimize BDNF in key brain regions, promote neuronal health and recovery of function in MDD-related circuits, and enhance pharmacotherapeutic response. A greater knowledge of the interrelationship between BDNF, depression, therapeutic mechanisms of action, and neuroplasticity is important as it necessarily precedes the derivation and deployment of more efficacious treatments.
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Gandolfi D, Cerri S, Mapelli J, Polimeni M, Tritto S, Fuzzati-Armentero MT, Bigiani A, Blandini F, Mapelli L, D'Angelo E. Activation of the CREB/ c-Fos Pathway during Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum Granular Layer. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:184. [PMID: 28701927 PMCID: PMC5487453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) is thought to trigger gene expression and protein synthesis, leading to consolidation of synaptic and neuronal changes. However, while LTP and LTD have been proposed to play important roles for sensori-motor learning in the cerebellum granular layer, their association with these mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we have investigated phosphorylation of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and activation of the immediate early gene c-Fos pathway following the induction of synaptic plasticity by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in acute cerebellar slices. LTP and LTD were localized using voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi). At two time points following TBS (15 min and 120 min), corresponding to the early and late phases of plasticity, slices were fixed and processed to evaluate CREB phosphorylation (P-CREB) and c-FOS protein levels, as well as Creb and c-Fos mRNA expression. High levels of P-CREB and Creb/c-Fos were detected before those of c-FOS, as expected if CREB phosphorylation triggered gene expression followed by protein synthesis. No differences between control slices and slices stimulated with TBS were observed in the presence of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist. Interestingly, activation of the CREB/c-Fos system showed a relevant degree of colocalization with long-term synaptic plasticity. These results show that NMDAR-dependent plasticity at the cerebellum input stage bears about transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes potentially contributing to cerebellar learning and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gandolfi
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy
| | - Jonathan Mapelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Polimeni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Human Anatomy Unit, University of PaviaPavia Italy
| | - Simona Tritto
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Marie-Therese Fuzzati-Armentero
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy
| | - Albertino Bigiani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy.,Museo Storico Della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico FermiRome, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy
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Flashing Lights Induce Prolonged Distortions in Visual Cortical Responses and Visual Perception. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0304-16. [PMID: 28508035 PMCID: PMC5429040 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0304-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary sensory neocortex generates an internal representation of the environment, and its circuit reorganization is thought to lead to a modification of sensory perception. This reorganization occurs primarily through activity-dependent plasticity and has been well documented in animals during early developmental stages. Here, we describe a new method for the noninvasive induction of long-term plasticity in the mature brain: simple transient visual stimuli (i.e., flashing lights) can be used to induce prolonged modifications in visual cortical processing and visually driven behaviors. Our previous studies have shown that, in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice, a flashing light stimulus evokes a long-delayed response that persists for seconds. When the mice were repetitively presented with drifting grating stimuli (conditioned stimuli) during the flash stimulus-evoked delayed response period, the V1 neurons exhibited a long-lasting decrease in responsiveness to the conditioned stimuli. The flash stimulus-induced underrepresentation of the grating motion was specific to the direction of the conditioned stimuli and was associated with a decrease in the animal's ability to detect the motion of the drifting gratings. The neurophysiological and behavioral plasticity both persisted for at least several hours and required N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation in the visual cortex. We propose that flashing light stimuli can be used as an experimental tool to investigate the visual function and plasticity of neuronal representations and perception after a critical period of neocortical plasticity.
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Phillips C. Physical Activity Modulates Common Neuroplasticity Substrates in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorder. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:7014146. [PMID: 28529805 PMCID: PMC5424494 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7014146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders (MDs) are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although the biogenic amine model has provided some clinical utility, a need remains to better understand the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to neuroplasticity deficits in MDs and the means by which various therapeutics mitigate them. Of those therapeutics being investigated, physical activity (PA) has shown clear and consistent promise. Accordingly, the aims of this review are to (1) explicate key modulators, processes, and interactions that impinge upon multiple susceptibility points to effectuate neuroplasticity deficits in MDs; (2) explore the putative mechanisms by which PA mitigates these features; (3) review protocols used to induce the positive effects of PA in MDs; and (4) highlight implications for clinicians and researchers.
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Bhattacharya S, Kimble W, Buabeid M, Bhattacharya D, Bloemer J, Alhowail A, Reed M, Dhanasekaran M, Escobar M, Suppiramaniam V. Altered AMPA receptor expression plays an important role in inducing bidirectional synaptic plasticity during contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 139:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Fraize N, Hamieh AM, Joseph MA, Touret M, Parmentier R, Salin PA, Malleret G. Differential changes in hippocampal CaMKII and GluA1 activity after memory training involving different levels of adaptive forgetting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:86-94. [PMID: 28096498 PMCID: PMC5238719 DOI: 10.1101/lm.043505.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of CaMKII and AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit has been shown to play a major role in hippocampal-dependent long-term/reference memory (RM) and in the expression of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). In contrast, it has been proposed that dephosphorylation of these proteins could be involved in the opposite phenomenon of hippocampal long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and in adaptive forgetting. Adaptive forgetting allows interfering old memories to be forgotten to give new ones the opportunity to be stored in memory, and in particular in short-term/working memory (WM) that was shown to be very sensitive to proactive interference. To determine the role of CaMKII and GluA1 in adaptive forgetting, we adopted a comparative approach to assess the relative quantity and phosphorylation state of these proteins in the brain of rats trained in one of three radial maze paradigms: a RM task, a WM task involving a high level of adaptive forgetting, or a WM involving a low level of adaptive forgetting. Surprisingly, Western blot analyses revealed that training in a WM task involving a high level of adaptive forgetting specifically increased the expression of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit and the activity of CaMKII in the dentate gyrus. These results highlight that WM with proactive interference involves mechanisms of synaptic plasticity selectively in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fraize
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Al Mahdy Hamieh
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mickaël Antoine Joseph
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Monique Touret
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France.,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Régis Parmentier
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Paul Antoine Salin
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gaël Malleret
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, 69007 Lyon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1028, 69007 Lyon, France
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