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Jadli AS, Parasor A, Gomes KP, Shandilya R, Patel VB. Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Potential of Nano-Messenger. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767488. [PMID: 34869682 PMCID: PMC8632805 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health problem, due to their continued high incidences and mortality. The last few decades have witnessed new advances in clinical research which led to increased survival and recovery in CVD patients. Nevertheless, elusive and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD development perplexed researchers in identifying efficacious therapeutic interventions. Search for novel and effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for CVD has shifted research focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in recent years. By transporting molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells, EVs modulate gene expression and influence the phenotype of recipient cells, thus EVs prove to be an imperative component of intercellular signaling. Elucidation of the role of EVs in intercellular communications under physiological conditions implied the enormous potential of EVs in monitoring and treatment of CVD. The EVs secreted from the myriad of cells in the cardiovascular system such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells may facilitate the communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding EVs-mediated cellular communication may delineate the mechanism of origin and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The current review summarizes exosome-mediated paracrine signaling leading to cardiovascular disease. The mechanistic role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease will provide novel avenues in designing diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ananya Parasor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karina P Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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2
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Döring G, Bragonzi A, Paroni M, Aktürk FF, Cigana C, Schmidt A, Gilpin D, Heyder S, Born T, Smaczny C, Kohlhäufl M, Wagner TOF, Loebinger MR, Bilton D, Tunney MM, Elborn JS, Pier GB, Konstan MW, Ulrich M. BIIL 284 reduces neutrophil numbers but increases P. aeruginosa bacteremia and inflammation in mouse lungs. J Cyst Fibros 2013; 13:156-63. [PMID: 24183915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clinical study to investigate the leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4))-receptor antagonist BIIL 284 in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients was prematurely terminated due to a significantly increased risk of adverse pulmonary events. We aimed to establish the effect of BIIL284 in models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection, thereby contributing to a better understanding of what could have led to adverse pulmonary events in CF patients. METHODS P. aeruginosa DNA in the blood of CF patients during and after acute pulmonary exacerbations and in stable patients with non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB) and healthy individuals was assessed by PCR. The effect of BIIL 284 treatment was tested in an agar bead murine model of P. aeruginosa lung infection. Bacterial count and inflammation were evaluated in lung and other organs. RESULTS Most CF patients (98%) and all patients with NCFB and healthy individuals had negative P. aeruginosa DNA in their blood. Similarly, the P. aeruginosa-infected mice showed bacterial counts in the lung but not in the blood or spleen. BIIL 284 treatment decreased pulmonary neutrophils and increased P. aeruginosa numbers in mouse lungs leading to significantly higher bacteremia rates and lung inflammation compared to placebo treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Decreased airway neutrophils induced lung proliferation and severe bacteremia in a murine model of P. aeruginosa lung infection. These data suggest that caution should be taken when administering anti-inflammatory compounds to patients with bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Döring
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
| | - Moira Paroni
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Firdevs-Fatma Aktürk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Heyder
- Klinik Schillerhöhe, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Born
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kohlhäufl
- Klinik Schillerhöhe, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus, Gerlingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Konstan
- Case Western Reserve University, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Martina Ulrich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Afonso PV, Janka-Junttila M, Lee YJ, McCann CP, Oliver CM, Aamer KA, Losert W, Cicerone MT, Parent CA. LTB4 is a signal-relay molecule during neutrophil chemotaxis. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1079-91. [PMID: 22542839 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to inflammation sites purportedly depends on sequential waves of chemoattractants. Current models propose that leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), a secondary chemoattractant secreted by neutrophils in response to primary chemoattractants such as formyl peptides, is important in initiating the inflammation process. In this study we demonstrate that LTB(4) plays a central role in neutrophil activation and migration to formyl peptides. We show that LTB(4) production dramatically amplifies formyl peptide-mediated neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis by regulating specific signaling pathways acting upstream of actin polymerization and MyoII phosphorylation. Importantly, by analyzing the migration of neutrophils isolated from wild-type mice and mice lacking the formyl peptide receptor 1, we demonstrate that LTB(4) acts as a signal to relay information from cell to cell over long distances. Together, our findings imply that LTB(4) is a signal-relay molecule that exquisitely regulates neutrophil chemotaxis to formyl peptides, which are produced at the core of inflammation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Afonso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Waseda K, Miyahara N, Kanehiro A, Ikeda G, Koga H, Fuchimoto Y, Kurimoto E, Tanimoto Y, Kataoka M, Tanimoto M, Gelfand EW. Blocking the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 inhibits late-phase airway responses in established disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:851-7. [PMID: 21421908 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0455oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the studies investigating the effectiveness of blocking the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) have been performed in models of primary or acute allergen challenge. The role of the LTB4-BLT1 pathway in secondary challenge models, where airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation have been established, has not been defined. We investigated the effects of blocking BLT1 on early- and late-phase development of AHR and airway inflammation in previously sensitized and challenged mice. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized (Days 1 and 14) and challenged (primary, Days 28-30) with ovalbumin. On Day 72, mice were challenged (secondary) with a single OVA aerosol, and the early and late phases of AHR and inflammation were determined. Specific blockade of BLT1 was attained by oral administration of a BLT1 antagonist on Days 70 through 72. Administration of the antagonist inhibited the secondary ovalbumin challenge-induced alterations in airway responses during the late phase but not during the early phase, as demonstrated by decreases in AHR and in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia and eosinophilia 6 and 48 hours after secondary challenge. The latter was associated with decreased levels of KC protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and IL-17 in the airways. These data identify the importance of the LTB4-BLT1 pathway in the development of late-phase, allergen-induced airway responsiveness after secondary airway challenge in mice with established airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Waseda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Gaber F, James A, Delin I, Wetterholm A, Sampson AP, Dahlén B, Dahlén SE, Kumlin M. Assessment of in vivo 5-lipoxygenase activity by analysis of leukotriene B4 in saliva: effects of treatment with zileuton. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1267-8. [PMID: 17258303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Medoff BD, Tager AM, Jackobek R, Means TK, Wang L, Luster AD. Antibody-antigen interaction in the airway drives early granulocyte recruitment through BLT1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 290:L170-8. [PMID: 16126787 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00212.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-antigen interactions in the airway initiate inflammation in acute asthma exacerbations. This inflammatory response is characterized by the recruitment of granulocytes into the airways. In murine models of asthma, granulocyte recruitment into the lung contributes to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus production, and airway remodeling. Leukotriene B4 is a mediator released following antigen challenge that has chemotactic activity for granulocytes, mediated through its receptor, BLT1. We investigated the role of BLT1 in granulocyte recruitment following antigen challenge. Wild-type mice and BLT1-/- mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce acute allergic airway inflammation. In addition, to explore the relevance to antibody-antigen interactions, we injected OVA bound to anti-OVA IgG1 or anti-OVA IgE intratracheally into naïve wild-type and BLT1-/- mice. Cell composition of the lungs, cytokine levels, histology, and AHR were determined. After sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin, there was significantly reduced neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment into the airways of BLT1-/- mice compared with wild-type animals after one or two daily antigen challenges, but this difference was not seen after three or four daily antigen challenges. Mucus production and AHR were not affected. Intratracheal injection of OVA bound to IgG1 or IgE induced neutrophil recruitment into the airways in wild-type mice but not in the BLT1-/- mice. We conclude that BLT1 mediates early recruitment of granulocytes into the airway in response to antigen-antibody interactions in a murine model of acute asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Serio KJ, Johns SC, Luo L, Hodulik CR, Bigby TD. Lipopolysaccharide down-regulates the leukotriene C4 synthase gene in the monocyte-like cell line, THP-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:2121-8. [PMID: 12574384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.4.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of LPS on cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) synthesis and LTC(4) synthase expression in mononuclear phagocytes. Conditioning of the monocyte-like cell line, THP-1, with LPS for 7 days resulted in significantly decreased ionophore-stimulated LTC(4) release. The putative LPS receptor, Toll-like receptor 4, was expressed in THP-1 cells. LPS down-regulated LTC(4) synthase mRNA in THP-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with down-regulation observed as early as 4 h. Conditioning of actinomycin D-treated cells with LPS resulted in no change in the rate of LTC(4) synthase mRNA decay. LPS treatment of THP-1 cells, transiently transfected with a LTC(4) synthase promoter (1.35 kb)-reporter construct, decreased promoter activity. Neutralization of TNF-alpha and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase did not inhibit the effect of LPS. Treatment of cells with a Toll-like receptor 4-blocking Ab and an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation resulted in inhibition of the LPS effect, while activation of NF-kappaB and p50/p65 overexpression down-regulated the LTC(4) synthase gene. LPS down-regulates cysteinyl LT release and LTC(4) synthase gene expression in mononuclear phagocytes by an NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Calcimycin/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Drosophila Proteins
- Glutathione Transferase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glutathione Transferase/biosynthesis
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune Sera/pharmacology
- Ionophores/pharmacology
- Leukotriene C4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukotriene C4/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Monocytes/enzymology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/biosynthesis
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/drug effects
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Time Factors
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transcription Factor RelA
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Vanadium Compounds/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Serio
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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McManus LM, Bloodworth RC, Prihoda TJ, Blodgett JL, Pinckard RN. Agonist‐dependent failure of neutrophil function in diabetes correlates with extent of hyperglycemia. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.70.3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. McManus
- Departments of Pathology, San Antonio, Texas
- Departments of Periodontics, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Thomas J. Prihoda
- Departments of Pathology, San Antonio, Texas
- Departments of Psychiatry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Janet L. Blodgett
- Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - R. Neal Pinckard
- Departments of Pathology, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
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