1
|
Diaz-Castro J, Reyes-Olavarría D, Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Garcia-Vega JE, Ochoa JJ, Moreno-Fernandez J. Assessment of muscle endocrine function and inflammatory signalling in male school children following a physical activity programme. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:936-942. [PMID: 38422951 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regular and planned physical activity can diminish the risk of numerous illnesses. However, school children and teenagers often exercise intermittently and for brief periods, restricting potential benefits. Furthermore, previous studies mainly focused on body composition, without providing molecular mechanisms elucidating the role of physical activity in muscle tissue and inflammatory signalling. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a vigorous physical activity intervention on endocrine muscle function and cytokine output in children. METHODS 103 boys were divided into two groups: control (n = 51, did not perform additional physical activity) and exercise (n = 52, performed vigorous physical activity). Body composition measurements, endocrine muscle function and inflammatory signalling biomarkers were assessed at enrolment and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS No statistical significance was found for fractalkine, oncostatin, EGF, TNF-α and eotaxin. However, LIF, FBAP3, IL-6, FGF21 and IL-15 increased in the exercise group at the end of the protocol, though myostatin got decreased. In contrast, IFN-γ was increased in the exercise group at the beginning and end of the exercise protocol, IL-10 was also increased in this group, IL-1α decreased in the exercise group before and after the exercise protocol, and IP-10 and MCP-1 also decreased in the exercise group. CONCLUSION It can be affirmed that a physical activity programme for boys was shown to produce changes in body composition (decreased fat mass, increased lean mass) and in markers of endocrine muscle function and cytokine release. It is possible that these changes, if sustained, could reduce the risk of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Reyes-Olavarría
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Juan M Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Eulogio Garcia-Vega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preobrazenski N, Seigel J, Halliday S, Janssen I, McGlory C. Single-leg disuse decreases skeletal muscle strength, size, and power in uninjured adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:684-696. [PMID: 36883219 PMCID: PMC10067508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and CCRCT up to 30 January 2022. Studies were included in the systematic review if they (1) recruited uninjured participants; (2) were an original experimental study; (3) employed a single-leg disuse model; and (4) reported muscle strength, size, or power data following a period of single-leg disuse for at least one group without a countermeasure. Studies were excluded if they (1) did not meet all inclusion criteria; (2) were not in English; (3) reported previously published muscle strength, size, or power data; or (4) could not be sourced from two different libraries, repeated online searches, and the authors. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess risk of bias. We then performed random-effects meta-analyses on studies reporting measures of leg extension strength and extensor size. Our search revealed 6548 studies, and 86 were included in our systematic review. Data from 35 and 20 studies were then included in the meta-analyses for measures of leg extensor strength and size, respectively (40 different studies). No meta-analysis for muscle power was performed due to insufficient homogenous data. Effect sizes (Hedges' gav ) with 95% confidence intervals for leg extensor strength were all durations = -0.80 [-0.92, -0.68] (n = 429 participants; n = 68 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 78 females); ≤7 days of disuse = -0.57 [-0.75, -0.40] (n = 151); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74] (n = 206); and >14 days = -0.95 [-1.20, -0.70] (n = 72). Effect sizes for measures of leg extensor size were all durations = -0.41 [-0.51, -0.31] (n = 233; n = 32 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 42 females); ≤7 days = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.16] (n = 84); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.49 [-0.67, -0.30] (n = 102); and >14 days = -0.52 [-0.74, -0.30] (n = 47). Decreases in leg extensor strength (cast: -0.94 [-1.30, -0.59] (n = 73); brace: -0.90 [-1.18, -0.63] (n = 106)) and size (cast: -0.61[-0.87, -0.35] (n = 41); brace: (-0.48 [-1.04, 0.07] (n = 41)) following 14 days of disuse did not differ for cast and brace disuse models. Single-leg disuse in adults resulted in a decline in leg extensor strength and size that reached a nadir beyond 14 days. Bracing and casting led to similar declines in leg extensor strength and size following 14 days of disuse. Studies including females and males and adults over 40 years of age are lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Seigel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Halliday
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faraldi M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Gomarasca M, Gerosa L, Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d’Italia vertical run. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915080. [PMID: 36090046 PMCID: PMC9459384 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of gene expression profile, a first step in adaptation to exercise, leads to changes in the level of molecules associated with skeletal muscle activity and energy metabolism—such as myokines—as well as those involved in their transcriptional regulation, like microRNA. This study aimed to investigate the influence of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their possible association with myokine response. Pre-competition and post-competition plasma samples were collected from 14 male athletes participating in a vertical run (+1,000 m gain, 3,600 m length). Circulating total (t-miRNA) and extracellular vesicle-associated (EV-miRNA) miRNAs were extracted from the pooled plasma. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to investigate pre- and post-competition EV concentration and size distribution. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by qPCR and analyzed by Exiqon GenEx v6 normalized on the global mean. t-miRNA and EV-miRNAs whose level was ≥5-fold up- or down-regulated were validated for each single subject. Target prediction on MirWalk v3.0, Gene-Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis on Panther v17.0 were performed to define the potential biological role of the identified miRNAs. A panel of 14 myokines was assayed in each sample by a multiplex immunoassay. In whole plasma, five miRNAs were upregulated and two were downregulated; in the EV fraction, five miRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a similar EV size distribution in pre- and post-competition samples and a decreased concentration in post-competition samples related to pre-competition samples. Gene-Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs were potentially involved in metabolism regulation in response to exercise. Correlation between fold-change of the post-competition relative to pre-competition plasma level of both t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs and myokines further confirmed these results. This study provides an example of a systemic response to acute endurance exercise, in which circulating miRNAs play a pivotal role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Perego,
| | - M. Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Gerosa
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - N. Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tim-Yun Ong M, Fu SC, Mok SW, Franco-Obregón A, Lok-Sze Yam S, Shu-Hang Yung P. Persistent quadriceps muscle atrophy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is associated with alterations in exercise-induced myokine production. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2022; 29:35-42. [PMID: 35847192 PMCID: PMC9263390 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistent quadriceps muscle atrophy is observed in a subset of patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) despite the completion of comprehensive rehabilitation. Critically, quadriceps muscle atrophy correlates with muscle weakness and quadriceps strength deficits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise on myokine levels and muscle atrophy status in ACLR patients with persistent quadriceps muscle atrophy. Methods Sixteen participants between the ages of 18–39 with a Tegner score of >6 and who had undergone ACLR with hamstring graft were recruited for the study. Quadriceps muscle thicknesses were ascertained by ultrasonography and isokinetic strength assessments were made prior to commencing a single bout of resistance exercise training (RET). Blood samples were taken before and after RET and assayed for myokine expression. Self-reported activity level and knee function questionnaires were completed and recorded. Results Clustering by quadriceps muscle size measurements created a non-atrophy group of 9 subjects and an atrophy group of 7 subjects. There were no significant between-group differences in anthropometric measurements, time post operation and knee function questionnaires, but the atrophic group comprised of patients with lower pre-injury sporting levels. The atrophy group exhibited significant lower side-to-side muscle thickness ratios and a decreasing trend in quadriceps strength deficits. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was up-regulated in response to RET in non-atrophy group, but a negative fold change was detected in the atrophy group. Conclusion The dysregulation in myokines plays an important role in patients failing to regain muscle mass after ACLR leading to persistent quadriceps muscle atrophy, which may potentiate greater strength deficits and poor functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Chuen Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,BioIonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems (BICEPS) Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacy Lok-Sze Yam
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Deminice R, Krüger K, Seelaender M, Rosa‐Neto JC, Lira FS. Costly immunometabolic remodelling in disused muscle buildup through physical exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13782. [PMID: 34990078 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the immunometabolic disturbances during skeletal muscle atrophy caused by a plethora of circumstances ranging from hospitalization to spaceflight missions remain unknown. Here, we outline the possible pathways that might be dysregulated in such conditions and assess the potential of physical exercise to mitigate and promote the recovery of muscle morphology, metabolism and function after intervals of disuse. Studies applying exercise to attenuate disuse-induced muscle atrophy have shown a pivotal role of circulating myokines in the activation of anabolic signalling pathways. These muscle-derived factors induce accretion of contractile proteins in the myofibers, and at the same time decrease protein breakdown and loss. Regular exercise plays a crucial role in re-establishing adequate immunometabolism and increasing the migration and presence in the muscle of macrophages with an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) after disease-induced muscle loss. Additionally, the switch in metabolic pathways (glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]) is important for achieving rapid metabolic homeostasis during muscle regeneration. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of the immunometabolic response elicited by exercise during skeletal muscle regeneration. There is not, nevertheless, consensus on a single optimal intensity of exercise required to improve muscle strength, mass and functional capacity owing to the wide range of exercise protocols studied so far. Despite the absence of agreement on the specific strategy, physical exercise appears as a powerful complementary strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of muscle disuse in different scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Post‐graduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Post‐graduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise Department of Physical Education Faculty of Physical Education and Sport State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy University of Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group Department of Surgery LIM26‐HC Medical School University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa‐Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabio S. Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Post‐graduation Program in Movement Sciences Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McFarland AJ, Ray PR, Bhai S, Levine BD, Price TJ. RNA sequencing on muscle biopsy from a 5-week bed rest study reveals the effect of exercise and potential interactions with dorsal root ganglion neurons. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15176. [PMID: 35133080 PMCID: PMC8823189 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle, chronic disease, or microgravity can cause muscle deconditioning that then has an impact on other physiological systems. An example is the nervous system, which is adversely affected by decreased physical activity resulting in increased incidence of neurological problems such as chronic pain. We sought to better understand how this might occur by conducting RNA sequencing experiments on muscle biopsies from human volunteers in a 5-week bed-rest study with an exercise intervention arm. We also used a computational method for examining ligand-receptor interactions between muscle and human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the latter of which play a key role in nociception and are generators of signals responsible for chronic pain. We identified 1352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in bed rest subjects without an exercise intervention but only 132 DEGs in subjects with the intervention. Among 591 upregulated muscle genes in the no intervention arm, 26 of these were ligands that have receptors that are expressed by human DRG neurons. We detected a specific splice variant of one of these ligands, placental growth factor (PGF), in deconditioned muscle that binds to neuropilin 1, a receptor that is highly expressed in DRG neurons and known to promote neuropathic pain. We conclude that exercise intervention protects muscle from deconditioning transcriptomic changes, and prevents changes in the expression of ligands that might sensitize DRG neurons, or act on other cell types throughout the body. Our work creates a set of actionable hypotheses to better understand how deconditioned muscle may influence the function of sensory neurons that innervate the entire body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J. McFarland
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Salman Bhai
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Benjamin D. Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasDallasTexasUSA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasTexasUSA
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasDallasTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou L, Guo S, Wang Y, Nie X, Yang P, Ding D, Li B, Kang L, Wang X. Neuropeptide ACP facilitates lipid oxidation and utilization during long-term flight in locusts. eLife 2021; 10:65279. [PMID: 34151772 PMCID: PMC8324298 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term flight depends heavily on intensive energy metabolism in animals; however, the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying efficient substrate utilization remain elusive. Here, we report that the adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) can facilitate muscle lipid utilization in a famous long-term migratory flighting species, Locusta migratoria. By peptidomic analysis and RNAi screening, we identified brain-derived ACP as a key flight-related neuropeptide. ACP gene expression increased notably upon sustained flight. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ACP gene and ACP receptor gene (ACPR) significantly abated prolonged flight of locusts. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further revealed that genes and metabolites involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation were notably downregulated in the flight muscle of ACP mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that a fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) mediated the effects of ACP in regulating muscle lipid metabolism during long-term flight in locusts. Our results elucidated a previously undescribed neuroendocrine mechanism underlying efficient energy utilization associated with long-term flight. Flight allows insects to find food or seek a better environment. Some insects have developed the ability of ‘long-term flight’, which allows them to make continuous journeys over large distances. For example, one locust species regularly crosses the Red Sea which is up to 300 km wide – a spectacular feat for insects only a few inches long. However, flight is an energy-intensive activity, and insects’ muscles need the right sort of chemical fuel to work properly. Previous work has shown that this ‘fuel consumption’ is highly dynamic and happens in two stages. First, immediately after take-off, the muscles rapidly consume carbohydrates (sugars); then, during the prolonged phase of the flight, muscles switch to exclusively consume lipids (fats). How the flight muscles ‘know’ when to start using fats for energy remains largely unclear. It has been suggested that this switch may involve hormone-like chemicals made in the brain called neuroendocrine peptides. Hou et al. therefore set out to test this hypothesis, using the locust species Locusta migratoria as a representative migratory insect. Initial experiments used an abundance detection technique to determine which of the neuroendocrine peptides were active in adult locusts. Further analysis, looking specifically at locusts that had just been flying, revealed that the gene for a peptide called ACP became much more active after one hour of continuous flight. Further evidence that the ACP hormone could indeed be helping to power long-term flight came from locusts with a mutated, ‘switched-off’ version of the gene. These insects could only fly for half the time, and half the distance, compared to locusts that did not have mutations in the gene for ACP. Biochemical studies of the ACP mutant locusts confirmed that their flight muscle cells could not transport and break down fatty acids normally. These experiments also showed that ACP was acting through a type of carrier protein called FABP, which is present in many different insects and normally ‘ferries’ lipids to the places they are needed. These findings shed new light on the biological mechanisms that control long-term flight in migratory insects. The ability to move over long distances is key to the outbreak of locust plagues, which in turn cause widespread crop damage around the world. Hou et al. therefore hope that this knowledge will one day help develop effective strategies for locust pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Makhnovskii PA, Bokov RO, Kolpakov FA, Popov DV. Transcriptomic Signatures and Upstream Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle Adapted to Disuse and Aerobic Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031208. [PMID: 33530535 PMCID: PMC7866200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Regular aerobic exercise is broadly used as a key intervention to prevent and treat these pathological conditions. In our meta-analysis we aimed to identify and compare (i) the transcriptomic signatures related to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise in human skeletal muscle and (ii) the biological effects and transcription factors associated with these transcriptomic changes. A standardized workflow with robust cut-off criteria was used to analyze 27 transcriptomic datasets for the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy humans subjected to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise. We evaluated the role of transcriptional regulation in the phenotypic changes described in the literature. The responses to chronic interventions (disuse and regular training) partially correspond to the phenotypic effects. Acute exercise induces changes that are mainly related to the regulation of gene expression, including a strong enrichment of several transcription factors (most of which are related to the ATF/CREB/AP-1 superfamily) and a massive increase in the expression levels of genes encoding transcription factors and co-activators. Overall, the adaptation strategies of skeletal muscle to decreased and increased levels of physical activity differ in direction and demonstrate qualitative differences that are closely associated with the activation of different sets of transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Roman O. Bokov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Castro GS, Correia-Lima J, Simoes E, Orsso CE, Xiao J, Gama LR, Gomes SP, Gonçalves DC, Costa RGF, Radloff K, Lenz U, Taranko AE, Bin FC, Formiga FB, de Godoy LGL, de Souza RP, Nucci LHA, Feitoza M, de Castro CC, Tokeshi F, Alcantara PSM, Otoch JP, Ramos AF, Laviano A, Coletti D, Mazurak VC, Prado CM, Seelaender M. Myokines in treatment-naïve patients with cancer-associated cachexia. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2443-2455. [PMID: 33190987 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss and systemic inflammation. Muscle loss and fatty infiltration into muscle are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines, factors with autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine action, which may be modified by or play a role in cachexia. This study examined myokine content in the plasma, skeletal muscle and tumor homogenates from treatment-naïve patients with gastric or colorectal stages I-IV cancer with cachexia (CC, N = 62), or not (weight stable cancer, WSC, N = 32). Myostatin, interleukin (IL) 15, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein content in samples was measured with Multiplex technology; body composition and muscle lipid infiltration were evaluated in computed tomography, and quantification of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the skeletal muscle. Cachectic patients presented lower muscle FSTL-1 expression (p = 0.047), higher FABP3 plasma content (p = 0.0301) and higher tumor tissue expression of FABP3 (p = 0.0182), IL-15 (p = 0.007) and irisin (p = 0.0110), compared to WSC. Neither muscle TAG content, nor muscle attenuation were different between weight stable and cachectic patients. Lumbar adipose tissue (AT) index, visceral AT index and subcutaneous AT index were lower in CC (p = 0.0149, p = 0.0455 and p = 0.0087, respectively), who also presented lower muscularity in the cohort (69.2% of patients; p = 0.0301), compared to WSC. The results indicate the myokine profile in skeletal muscle, plasma and tumor is impacted by cachexia. These findings show that myokines eventually affecting muscle wasting may not solely derive from the muscle itself (as the tumor also may contribute to the systemic scenario), and put forward new perspectives on cachexia treatment targeting myokines and associated receptors and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joanna Correia-Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila E Orsso
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Jingjie Xiao
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada; Covenant Health Palliative Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leonardo R Gama
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia & Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio P Gomes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Cirurgia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caetano Gonçalves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, Santos, Brazil
| | - Raquel G F Costa
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrin Radloff
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Lenz
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna E Taranko
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fang Chia Bin
- Santa Casa de Misericoria de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis H A Nucci
- Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Feitoza
- Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio C de Castro
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose P Otoch
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Ramos
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia & Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola de Artes, Ciencias e Humanidades, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A, Paris, France; Department of AHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
10 km running race induces an elevation in the plasma myokine level of nonprofessional runners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
11
|
Andreux PA, Blanco-Bose W, Ryu D, Burdet F, Ibberson M, Aebischer P, Auwerx J, Singh A, Rinsch C. The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans. Nat Metab 2019; 1:595-603. [PMID: 32694802 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a natural dietary, microflora-derived metabolite shown to stimulate mitophagy and improve muscle health in old animals and in preclinical models of aging1. Here, we report the results of a first-in-human clinical trial in which we administered UA, either as a single dose or as multiple doses over a 4-week period, to healthy, sedentary elderly individuals. We show that UA has a favourable safety profile (primary outcome). UA was bioavailable in plasma at all doses tested, and 4 weeks of treatment with UA at doses of 500 mg and 1,000 mg modulated plasma acylcarnitines and skeletal muscle mitochondrial gene expression in elderly individuals (secondary outcomes). These observed effects on mitochondrial biomarkers show that UA induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health following regular oral consumption in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Frédéric Burdet
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Bâtiment Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Singh
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rinsch
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Graham ZA, Siedlik JA, Harlow L, Sahbani K, Bauman WA, Tawfeek HA, Cardozo CP. Key Glycolytic Metabolites in Paralyzed Skeletal Muscle Are Altered Seven Days after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2722-2731. [PMID: 30869558 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in rapid muscle atrophy and an oxidative-to-glycolytic fiber-type shift. Those with chronic SCI are more at risk for developing insulin resistance and reductions in glucose clearance than able-bodied individuals, but how glucose metabolism is affected after SCI is not well known. An untargeted metabolomics approach was utilized to investigate changes in whole-muscle metabolites at an acute (7-day) and subacute (28-day) time frame after a complete T9 spinal cord transection in 20-week-old female C57BL/6 mice. Two hundred one metabolites were detected in all samples, and 83 had BinBase IDs. A principal components analysis showed the 7-day group as a unique cluster. Further, 36 metabolites were altered after 7- and/or 28-day post-SCI (p values <0.05), with 12 passing further false discovery rate exclusion criteria; of those 12 metabolites, three important glycolytic molecules-glucose and downstream metabolites pyruvic acid and lactic acid-were reduced at 7 days compared to those values in sham and/or 28-day animals. These changes were associated with altered expression of proteins associated with glycolysis, as well as monocarboxylate transporter 4 gene expression. Taken together, our data suggest an acute disruption of skeletal muscle glucose uptake at 7 days post-SCI, which leads to reduced pyruvate and lactate levels. These levels recover by 28 days post-SCI, but a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase protein expression at 28 days post-SCI implies disruption in downstream oxidation of glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Graham
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Lauren Harlow
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Karim Sahbani
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - William A Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hesham A Tawfeek
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmassani ZS, Reidy PT, McKenzie AI, Stubben C, Howard MT, Drummond MJ. Disuse-induced insulin resistance susceptibility coincides with a dysregulated skeletal muscle metabolic transcriptome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1419-1429. [PMID: 30763167 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01093.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term muscle disuse is characterized by skeletal muscle insulin resistance, although this response is divergent across subjects. The mechanisms regulating inactivity-induced insulin resistance between populations that are more or less susceptible to disuse-induced insulin resistance are not known. RNA sequencing was conducted on vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from subjects before and after bed rest (n = 26) to describe the transcriptome of inactivity-induced insulin resistance. Subjects were separated into Low (n = 14) or High (n = 12) Susceptibility Groups based on the magnitude of change in insulin sensitivity after 5 days of bed rest. Both groups became insulin-resistant after bed rest, and there were no differences between groups in nonmetabolic characteristics (body mass, body mass index, fat mass, and lean mass). The High Susceptibility Group had more genes altered >1.5-fold (426 high versus 391 low) and more than twofold (73 high versus 55 low). Twenty-four genes were altered more than twofold in the High Susceptibility Group that did not change in the Low Susceptibility Group. 95 gene changes correlated with the changes in insulin sensitivity; 6 of these genes changed more than twofold in the High Susceptibility Group. Participants in the High Susceptibility Group were uniquely characterized with muscle gene responses described by a decrease in pathways responsible for lipid uptake and oxidation, decreased capacity for triglyceride export (APOB), increased lipogenesis (i.e., PFKFB3, FASN), and increased amino acid export (SLC43A1). These transcriptomic data provide a comprehensive examination of pathways and genes that may be useful biomarkers, or novel targets to offset muscle disuse-induced insulin resistance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-term muscle disuse results in skeletal muscle insulin resistance through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Following a 5-day bed rest intervention, subjects were divided into High and Low Susceptibility Groups to inactivity-induced insulin resistance. This was followed by a genome-wide transcriptional analysis on muscle biopsy samples to gain insight on divergent insulin sensitivity responses. Our primary finding was that the skeletal muscle of subjects who experienced the most inactivity-induced insulin resistance (high susceptibility) was characterized by a decreased preference for lipid oxidation, increased lipogenesis, and increased amino acid export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource at the Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael T Howard
- Department of Genetics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gorgey AS, Witt O, O’Brien L, Cardozo C, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Graham ZA. Mitochondrial health and muscle plasticity after spinal cord injury. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:315-331. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
15
|
Strength Training Session Induces Important Changes on Physiological, Immunological, and Inflammatory Biomarkers. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9675216. [PMID: 30046617 PMCID: PMC6038656 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9675216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strength exercise is a strategy applied in sports and physical training processes. It may induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The hypertrophy is dependent on the eccentric muscle actions and on the inflammatory response. Here, we evaluate the physiological, immunological, and inflammatory responses induced by a session of strength training with a focus on predominance of the eccentric muscle actions. Twenty volunteers were separated into two groups: the untrained group (UTG) and the trained group (TG). Both groups hold 4 sets of leg press, knee extensor, and leg curl at 65% of personal one-repetition maximum (1RM), 90 s of recovery, and 2″conc/3″eccen of duration of execution in each repetition. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after, 2 hours after, and 24 h after the end of the exercise session. The single session of strength training elevated the heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), visual analog scale (VAS), and lactate blood level in UTG and TG. Creatine kinase (CK) levels were higher at 2 and 24 h after the end of the exercise in UTG and, in TG, only at 24 h. The number of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils increased in UTG and TG, post and 2 h after exercise. Lymphocytes increased postexercise but reduced 2 h after exercise in both groups, while the number of monocytes increased only immediately after the exercise session in UTG and TG. The strength training session elevated the levels of apelin and fatty acid-binding proteins-3 (FABP3) in both groups and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in TG. The single exercise session was capable of inducing elevated HR, RPE, lactate level, and CK levels. This protocol changed the count/total number of circulating immune cells in both groups (UTG and TG) and also increased the level of plasmatic apelin, BDNF, and FLTS1 only in TG and FABP3 myokines in both groups.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitochondrial function is impaired in the skeletal muscle of pre-frail elderly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8548. [PMID: 29867098 PMCID: PMC5986740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a gradual decline in both muscle mass and strength over time, which can eventually lead to pathologies, such as frailty and sarcopenia. While these two conditions are well characterized, further investigation of the early biological signs present in pre-frail elderly is still needed to help identify strategies for preventative therapeutic intervention. The goal of the present clinical study was to evaluate the level of mitochondrial (dys)function in a well-defined population of pre-frail elderly (>60 years of age). Pre-frail elderly were compared with an age-matched population of active elderly. Muscle mitochondrial function was assessed in vivo using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and a comprehensive set of biological biomarkers were measured ex vivo in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. In pre-frail subjects, phosphocreatine recovery was impaired and mitochondrial respiratory complex protein and activity levels were significantly lower when compared with active elderly. Analysis of microarray data showed that mitochondrial genes were also significantly down-regulated in muscle of pre-frail compared to active elderly. These results show that mitochondrial impairment is a hallmark of pre-frailty development and the onset of decline in muscle function in the elderly.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mannerås-Holm L, Schönke M, Brozinick JT, Vetterli L, Bui HH, Sanders P, Nascimento EBM, Björnholm M, Chibalin AV, Zierath JR. Diacylglycerol kinase ε deficiency preserves glucose tolerance and modulates lipid metabolism in obese mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:907-915. [PMID: 28246337 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) catalyze the phosphorylation and conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid. DGK isozymes have unique primary structures, expression patterns, subcellular localizations, regulatory mechanisms, and DAG preferences. DGKε has a hydrophobic segment that promotes its attachment to membranes and shows substrate specificity for DAG with an arachidonoyl acyl chain in the sn-2 position of the substrate. We determined the role of DGKε in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in relation to diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity using DGKε-KO and wild-type mice. Lipidomic analysis revealed elevated unsaturated and saturated DAG species in skeletal muscle of DGKε KO mice, which was paradoxically associated with increased glucose tolerance. Although skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was unaltered, whole-body respiratory exchange ratio was reduced, and abundance of mitochondrial markers was increased, indicating a greater reliance on fat oxidation and intracellular lipid metabolism in DGKε KO mice. Thus, the increased intracellular lipids in skeletal muscle from DGKε KO mice may undergo rapid turnover because of increased mitochondrial function and lipid oxidation, rather than storage, which in turn may preserve insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, DGKε plays a role in glucose and energy homeostasis by modulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mannerås-Holm
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Schönke
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Laurène Vetterli
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hai-Hoang Bui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Philip Sanders
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Darr RL, Savage KJ, Baker M, Wilding GE, Raswalsky A, Rideout T, Browne RW, Horvath PJ. Vitamin D supplementation affects the IGF system in men after acute exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 30-31:45-51. [PMID: 27863277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contradictory data between the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System (IGF) system and exercise may be due to alteration in IGF binding proteins. Vitamin D (D) deficiency has been related to muscle weakness and Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3). A Vit. D and acute exercise merge is proposed to modify the IGF system. DESIGN D insufficient and deficient men (39.0±8.6yo with serum D (25OH D) 20.0±7.7ng/mL) did 1h of stretching (ST), aerobic (AB), and resistance (RT) exercises, before and after 28d of 4000IU/d Vit. D3 (D, n=6) or Placebo (P, n=7). ST, a time/attention control visit, interchanged unreceptive movements. AB was moderate intensity treadmill walking. RT rotated moderate strength 50% 1-RM repetitions (15, 10) of squat, bench press, leg press, and lat pull down. Serum Total IGF1 (TIGF1), Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP1), and IGFBP3 were measured before (T1, fasting), immediately after (T2), and 2h post (T3) exercise. RESULTS After ST, IGFBP3 was greater in the D group at T2 (2948, 2130ng/mL; p<0.03) and T3 (3087, 2212; p<0.02). During RT, TIGF1 decreased in the Placebo (P) group from T1 to T3 (151.4, 107.3ng/mL; p<0.05), while IGFBP1 increased in the D group from T1 to T3 (26.5, 96.2ng/mL; p<0.05). RT IGFBP3 was greater at T1, T2, and T3 in the D group (2932.5, 2110.7; p<0.03), (3163.9, 2392.5; p<0.04), and (3355.3, 2353.1; p<0.01). In AB, IGFBP3 was greater in the D group at T2 (3128.6, 2226.3.0; p<0.04) and T3 (2949.7, 2135.1; p<0.05). CONCLUSION D supplementation amplified IGFBP3 after low or moderate activity which may increase the delivery of IGF1 to tissues. Resistance exercise with D not only increased IGFBP3 and IGFBP1 levels but also conserved TIGF1 levels, possibly shifting the IGF system for enriched muscle well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Darr
- Department of Kinesiology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, GN205 7400 Bay Rd. University Center, MI 48710, USA; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Savage
- Department of Biology, St. John Fisher College, ISHS 212 3690 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
| | - Mark Baker
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, B1148 Center for Tomorrow, Amherst, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Gregory E Wilding
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, B1148 Center for Tomorrow, Amherst, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Amy Raswalsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St. Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Todd Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St. Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, 26 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Peter J Horvath
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nightingale TE, Walhin JP, Turner JE, Thompson D, Bilzon JLJ. The influence of a home-based exercise intervention on human health indices in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (HOMEX-SCI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:284. [PMID: 27278276 PMCID: PMC4898470 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) creates a complex pathology that can lead to an increase in sedentary behaviours and deleterious changes in body composition. Consequently, individuals with SCI are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus. While the role of physical activity on the reduction of chronic disease risk is well documented in non-disabled individuals the evidence is less conclusive for persons with SCI. The aim of this methodological paper is to outline the design of a study that will assess the role of a home-based exercise intervention on biomarkers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in persons with SCI: the HOMEX-SCI study. METHODS/DESIGN Eligible participants will be inactive (physical activity level ≤1.60) individuals, with a chronic (more than 1 year) spinal cord lesion between the second thoracic and the fifth lumbar vertebrae, and aged between 18 and 65 years. Following baseline laboratory testing and lifestyle monitoring, participants will be randomly allocated to a control (CON) group or a 6-week home-based exercise intervention (INT) group. The INT consists of 45 minutes of moderate-intensity (60-65 % peak oxygen uptake) arm-crank exercise four times per week. Participants assigned to the CON group will be asked to maintain their normal lifestyle. The main outcomes of this study (biomarkers of metabolic and cardiovascular health) are obtained from venous blood samples, collected in the fasted and postprandial state. Eight other measurement categories will be assessed: (1) body composition, (2) physical activity, (3) energy intake, (4) measures of health and wellbeing, (5) resting metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure, (6) aerobic capacity, (7) immune function, and (8) adipose tissue gene expression. DISCUSSION This study will explore the feasibility of home-based moderate-intensity exercise and ascertain its impact on metabolic and cardiovascular health in comparison to a lifestyle maintenance CON group. Findings from this study may help to inform new evidence-based physical activity guidelines and also help to elucidate the physiological mechanisms whereby exercise might exert beneficial effects in persons with chronic SCI. The results will also act as a scientific platform for further intervention studies in other diverse and at-risk populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN57096451 . Registered on 11 July 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tesch PA, Lundberg TR, Fernandez-Gonzalo R. Unilateral lower limb suspension: From subject selection to “omic” responses. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1207-14. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01052.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) method was developed, introduced, and validated in the quest for a simple, effective, and highly reliable human analog to study the consequences of spaceflight on muscle size and function. Because withdrawal of weight bearing for no more than 2–3 days is sufficient to inflict disturbances in protein metabolism of postural muscles, it is imperative ULLS serves as a very powerful method to manifest skeletal muscle adaptations similar to those experienced in 0 g. Thus the rate of global muscle loss appears rather constant over the first 2 mo, amounting to about 2–3% per week. At the microscopic level, these changes are accompanied by a corresponding decrease in individual muscle fiber size. ULLS alters metabolism favoring more carbohydrate over fat substrate utilization. Altogether, these changes result in impaired work and endurance capacity of muscles being subjected to ULLS. Maximal voluntary force decreases out of proportion to the muscle loss, suggesting motor control is modified. Past reviews offer near exhaustive information on ULLS-induced responses with regard to the above changes. Hence, the current brief review describes more broadly the evolution of the ULLS model, from issues of subject recruitment and compliance control, to recent advances unraveling molecular mechanisms facilitating unloading-induced muscle wasting. Such knowledge is critical in designing future studies aimed at exploring and developing exercise countermeasures or other means to combat the debilitating effects on muscle experienced by astronauts during long-haul missions in Orbit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per A. Tesch
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Tommy R. Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Teng Z, Zhang X, Ding M, Zhang Z, Chen J, Xu Y. DNA Microarray Analysis in Screening Features of Genes Involved in Spinal Cord Injury. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1571-81. [PMID: 27160807 PMCID: PMC4913819 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most critical complication of spinal injury. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to find associated pathways that may function as targets for SCI prognosis and therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven gene microarray expression profiles, downloaded from the GEO database (ID: GSE33886), were used to screen the DEGs of leg tissue and to compare these between SCI patients and corresponding normal specimens. Then, GO enrichment analysis was performed on these selected DEGs. Afterwards, interactions among these DEGs were analyzed by String database and then a PPI network was constructed to obtain topology character and modules in the PPI network. Finally, roles of the critical proteins in the pathway were explained by comparing the enrichment results of the genes in sub-modules and all the DEGs. RESULTS A total of 113 DEGs were determined. We found that 21 up-regulated genes were enriched in 7 biological processes, while 9 down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in 4 KEGG pathways. The PPI network was constructed, including 40 interacting genes and 73 interactions. Three obvious function modules were identified by exploring the PPI network, and ACTC1 was identified as the critical protein in the 3 enriched signal pathways. However, no obvious difference was found in the signal pathway in which both the 11 genes in module 1 and all 113 DEGs participated. CONCLUSIONS Core proteins in the signal pathway associated with spinal cord injury may serve as potential prognostic and predictive markers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Wang
- , Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Yuxi, Yunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Min Ding
- , Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanli Xu
- , Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang L, Zhou H, Peng Q, Jiang W, Qiao W, Wang G. Fatty acid binding protein 3 is associated with skeletal muscle strength in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 20:252-260. [PMID: 26891180 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology; Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Qinglin Peng
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Senior Ward; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Guochun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan HWS, Sim AYL, Huang SL, Leng Y, Long YC. HC toxin (a HDAC inhibitor) enhances IRS1-Akt signalling and metabolism in mouse myotubes. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:197-207. [PMID: 26373795 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances numerous signalling pathways and activates substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Small molecule compounds that activate these cellular responses have been shown to recapitulate the metabolic benefits of exercise. In this study, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, HC toxin, was investigated as a small molecule compound that activates exercise-induced adaptations. In C2C12 myotubes, HC toxin treatment activated two exercise-stimulated pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt pathways. HC toxin increased the protein content and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as the activation of downstream Akt signalling. The effects of HC toxin on IRS1-Akt signalling were PI3K-dependent as wortmannin abolishes its effects on IRS1 protein accumulation and Akt phosphorylation. HC toxin-induced Akt activation was sufficient to enhance downstream mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling including p70S6K and S6, which were consistently abolished by PI3K inhibition. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation were also enhanced in HC toxin-treated myotubes. When myotubes were challenged with serum starvation for the induction of atrophy, HC toxin treatment prevented the induction of genes that are involved in autophagy and proteasomal proteolysis. Conversely, IRS1-Akt signalling was not induced by HC toxin in several hepatoma cell lines, providing evidence for a favourable safety profile of this small molecule. These data highlight the potential of HDAC inhibitors as a novel class of small molecules for the induction of exercise-like signalling pathways and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Weng Siong Tan
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arthur Yi Loong Sim
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Su Ling Huang
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Leng
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chau Long
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Thumser AE, Moore JB, Plant NJ. Fatty acid binding proteins: tissue-specific functions in health and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:124-9. [PMID: 24500438 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review recent evidence for the role of the cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) as central regulators of whole-body metabolic control. RECENT FINDINGS Dysregulated FABPs have been associated with a number of diseases, including obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (FABP1, FABP2, FABP4), cardiovascular risk (FABP3) and cancer (FABP5, FABP7). As underlying mechanisms become better understood, FABPs may represent novel biomarkers for therapeutic targets. In addition, the role of FABPs as important signalling molecules has also been highlighted in recent years; for example, FABP3 may act as a myokine, matching whole-body metabolism to muscular energy demands and FABP4 functions as an adipokine in regulating macrophage and adipocyte interactions during inflammation. SUMMARY In addition to their traditional role as fatty acid trafficking proteins, increasing evidence supports the role of FABPs as important controllers of global metabolism, with their dysregulation being linked to a host of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred E Thumser
- aDepartment of Biochemistry and Physiology bDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dempsey PC, Owen N, Biddle SJH, Dunstan DW. Managing sedentary behavior to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14:522. [PMID: 25052856 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern human environments are vastly different from those of our forebears. Rapidly advancing technology in transportation, communications, workplaces, and home entertainment confer a wealth of benefits, but increasingly come with costs to human health. Sedentary behavior-too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity-contributes adversely to cardiometabolic health outcomes and premature mortality. Findings from observational epidemiology have been synthesized in meta-analyses, and evidence is now shifting into the realm of experimental trials with the aim of identifying novel mechanisms and potential causal relationships. We discuss recent observational and experimental evidence that makes a compelling case for reducing and breaking up prolonged sitting time in both the primary prevention and disease management contexts. We also highlight future research needs, the opportunities for developing targeted interventions, and the potential of population-wide initiatives designed to address too much sitting as a health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. In order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although their proper function replenishes building blocks needed for metabolic reactions, dysfunctional SLC25 proteins are involved in pathological states. It is the purpose of the present review to cover the current knowledge on the role of SLC25 transporters in health and disease.
Collapse
|