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Diwan R, Gaytan SL, Bhatt HN, Pena-Zacarias J, Nurunnabi M. Liver fibrosis pathologies and potentials of RNA based therapeutics modalities. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01551-8. [PMID: 38446352 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) occurs when the liver tissue responds to injury or inflammation by producing excessive amounts of scar tissue, known as the extracellular matrix. This buildup stiffens the liver tissue, hinders blood flow, and ultimately impairs liver function. Various factors can trigger this process, including bloodborne pathogens, genetic predisposition, alcohol abuse, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While some existing small-molecule therapies offer limited benefits, there is a pressing need for more effective treatments that can truly cure LF. RNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach, as they can potentially downregulate cytokine levels in cells responsible for liver fibrosis. Researchers are actively exploring various RNA-based therapeutics, such as mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and oligonucleotides, to assess their efficacy in animal models. Furthermore, targeted drug delivery systems hold immense potential in this field. By utilizing lipid nanoparticles, exosomes, nanocomplexes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, researchers aim to deliver therapeutic agents directly to specific biomarkers or cytokines within the fibrotic liver, increasing their effectiveness and reducing side effects. In conclusion, this review highlights the complex nature of liver fibrosis, its underlying causes, and the promising potential of RNA-based therapeutics and targeted delivery systems. Continued research in these areas could lead to the development of more effective and personalized treatment options for LF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Samantha Lynn Gaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Himanshu Narendrakumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pena-Zacarias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Hassan HA, Mohamed Abdelhamid A, Samy W, Osama Mohammed H, Mortada Mahmoud S, Fawzy Abdel Mageed A, Abbas NAT. Ameliorative effects of androstenediol against acetic acid-induced colitis in male wistar rats via inhibiting TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways through estrogen receptor β activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111414. [PMID: 38141404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
5-androstenediol (ADIOL) functions as a selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) ligand with a protective effect against many diseases. So, we conducted a novel insight into its role in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis and investigated its effect on TLR4-Mediated PI3K/Akt and NF-κB Pathways and the potential role of ERβ as contributing mechanisms. METHODS Rats were randomized into 5 Groups; Control, Colitis, Colitis + mesalazine (MLZ), Colitis + ADIOL, and Colitis + ADIOL + PHTPP (ER-β antagonist). The colitis was induced through a rectal enema of acetic acid (AA) on the 8th day. At the end of treatment, colons were collected for macroscopic assessment. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB), toll-like receptor (TLR4), and phosphorylated Protein kinase B (pAKT) were measured. Besides, Gene expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), metalloproteases 9 (Mmp9), inositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K), Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), ERβ and NLRP6 were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were also investigated. RESULTS Compared to the untreated AA group, the disease activity index (DAI) and macroscopic assessment indicators significantly decreased with ADIOL injections. Indeed, ADIOL significantly decreased colonic tissue levels of MDA, TLR4, pAKT, and NF-κB immunostainig while increased SOD activity and β catenin immunostainig. ADIOL mitigated the high genetic expressions of IL1β, NGAL, MMP9, and PI3K while increased ERβ and NLRP6 gene expression. Also, the pathological changes detected in AA groups were markedly ameliorated with ADIOL. The specific ERβ antagonist, PHTPP, largely diminished these protective effects of ADIOL. CONCLUSION ADIOL could be beneficial against AA-induced colitis mostly through activating ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Hassan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-karak 61710, Jordan.
| | - Amira Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine -Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt.
| | - Heba Osama Mohammed
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samar Mortada Mahmoud
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Amal Fawzy Abdel Mageed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine -Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt.
| | - Noha A T Abbas
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Kong Y, Yang Y, Wu S, Li W. TWEAK promotes inflammatory response in liver fibrosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23483. [PMID: 37503908 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) in liver fibrosis. The liver Kupffer cells (KCs) and mononuclear macrophages (J774A.1) were used as the objects of study to induce M1 polarization with LPS/IFN-γ. After TWEAK intervention, the M1 cell proportion and marker cytokine levels were detected. Thereafter, CD266 expression was silenced, and NLRP3 expression was inhibited by the NLRP3 inhibitor, so as to investigate the impact of TWEAK on M1 polarization of KCs. In addition, the mouse model of liver fibrosis was constructed to observe the influence of TWEAK on mouse liver fibrosis. According to our results, TWEAK promoted M1 polarization of liver KCs and J774A.1 cells, and silencing CD266 expression or treatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor suppressed the effect of TWEAK. In the mouse experiment, it was discovered that after knocking down NLRP3 expression or using NLRP3 inhibitor to antagonize the effect of TWEAK, the mouse liver function and M1 cell level in liver tissues were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Flores-Estrada J, Cano-Martínez A, Vargas-González Á, Castrejón-Téllez V, Cornejo-Garrido J, Martínez-Rosas M, Guarner-Lans V, Rubio-Ruíz ME. Hepatoprotective Mechanisms Induced by Spinach Methanolic Extract in Rats with Hyperglycemia-An Immunohistochemical Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2013. [PMID: 38001866 PMCID: PMC10669258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinach methanolic extract (SME) has a hepatoprotective effect due to its polyphenolic antioxidants; however, its action in parenchymal (PQ) and non-parenchymal (nPQ) cells remains unknown. This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of SME on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats (STZ), focusing on immunohistochemical analyses. Methods: The extract was prepared, and the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were quantified. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): normoglycemic rats (NG), STZ-induced hyperglycemic (STZ), STZ treated with 400 mg/kg SME (STZ-SME), and NG treated with SME (SME) for 12 weeks. Serum liver transaminases and lipid peroxidation levels in tissue were determined. The distribution pattern and relative levels of markers related to oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-1], of cytoprotective molecules [nuclear NRF2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], of inflammatory mediators [nuclear NF-κB, TNF-α], proliferation (PCNA), and of fibrogenesis markers [TGF-β, Smad2/3, MMP-9, and TIMP1] were evaluated. Results: SME had antioxidant capacity, and it lowered serum transaminase levels in STZ-SME compared to STZ. It reduced NOX4 staining, and lipid peroxidation levels were related to low formation of ROS. In STZ-SME, the immunostaining for antioxidant enzymes increased in nPQ cells compared to STZ. However, enzymes were also localized in extra and intracellular vesicles in STZ. Nuclear NRF2 staining and HO-1 expression in PQ and nPQ were higher in STZ-SME than in STZ. Inflammatory factors were decreased in STZ-SME and were related to the percentage decrease in NF-κB nuclear staining in nPQ cells. Similarly, TGF-β (in the sinusoids) and MMP-9 (in nPQ) were increased in the STZ-SME group compared to the other groups; however, staining for CTGF, TIMP1, and Smad2/3 was lower. Conclusions: SME treatment in hyperglycemic rats induced by STZ may have hepatoprotective properties due to its scavenger capacity and the regulation of differential expression of antioxidant enzymes between the PQ and nPQ cells, reducing inflammatory and fibrogenic biomarkers in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Álvaro Vargas-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Martín Martínez-Rosas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
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Shalaby N, Samocha-Bonet D, Kaakoush NO, Danta M. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37764895 PMCID: PMC10536540 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shalaby
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Clinical Insulin Resistance Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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6
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Dong R, Xu Y, Zhang M, Lv Q, Chen X, Liu Y. Melatonin pretreatment can improve the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. TOXIN REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2191263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Abouelezz HM, Shehatou GS, Shebl AM, Salem HA. A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14256. [PMID: 36938469 PMCID: PMC10015255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate a possible mechanism that may mediate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) against thioacetamide (THIO)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): control; PFE (150 mg/kg/day, orally); THIO (200 mg/kg, i.p, 3 times a week); and THIO and PFE-treated groups. Oral PFE treatment decreased liver/body weight ratio by 12.4%, diminished serum function levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and total bilirubin, increased serum albumin, boosted hepatic GSH (by 35.6%) and SOD (by 17.5%), and significantly reduced hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, AGEs, and RAGE in THIO-fibrotic rats relative to untreated THIO group. Moreover, PFE administration downregulated the hepatic levels of profibrotic TGF-β1 (by 23.0%, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (by 41.5%, P < 0.001), attenuated α-SMA protein expression, decreased serum HA levels (by 41.3%), and reduced the hepatic levels of the fibrosis markers hydroxyproline (by 26.0%, P < 0.001), collagen type IV (by 44.3%, P < 0.001) and laminin (by 43.4%, P < 0.001) compared to the untreated THIO group. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings, where PFE decreased hepatic nodule incidence, attenuated portal necroinflammation and reduced extent of fibrosis. These findings may suggest that oral PFE administration could slow the progression of hepatic fibrogenesis via reducing hepatic levels of AGEs, RAGE, ROS, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Abouelezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi M. Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Anwar I, Ashfaq UA. Impact of Nanotechnology on Differentiation and Augmentation of Stem Cells for Liver Therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:89-116. [PMID: 37585310 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023042400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the crucial organs of the body that performs hundreds of chemical reactions needed by the body to survive. It is also the largest gland of the body. The liver has multiple functions, including the synthesis of chemicals, metabolism of nutrients, and removal of toxins. It also acts as a storage unit. The liver has a unique ability to regenerate itself, but it can lead to permanent damage if the injury is beyond recovery. The only possible treatment of severe liver damage is liver transplant which is a costly procedure and has several other drawbacks. Therefore, attention has been shifted towards the use of stem cells that have shown the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes. Among the numerous kinds of stem cells (SCs), the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most famous. Various studies suggest that an MSC transplant can repair liver function, improve the signs and symptoms, and increase the chances of survival. This review discusses the impact of combining stem cell therapy with nanotechnology. By integrating stem cell science and nanotechnology, the information about stem cell differentiation and regulation will increase, resulting in a better comprehension of stem cell-based treatment strategies. The augmentation of SCs with nanoparticles has been shown to boost the effect of stem cell-based therapy. Also, the function of green nanoparticles in liver therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Anwar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li B, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Chen R, Xing J, He L, Salinas JM, Koyama S, Meng F, Wan Y. Current Perspectives of Neuroendocrine Regulation in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233783. [PMID: 36497043 PMCID: PMC9736734 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complicated process that involves different cell types and pathological factors. The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the formation of fibrotic scar disrupt the tissue homeostasis of the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and even liver failure. Myofibroblasts derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to the development of liver fibrosis by producing ECM in the area of injuries. It has been reported that the secretion of the neuroendocrine hormone in chronic liver injury is different from a healthy liver. Activated HSCs and cholangiocytes express specific receptors in response to these neuropeptides released from the neuroendocrine system and other neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine hormones and their receptors form a complicated network that regulates hepatic inflammation, which controls the progression of liver fibrosis. This review summarizes neuroendocrine regulation in liver fibrosis from three aspects. The first part describes the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. The second part presents the neuroendocrine sources and neuroendocrine compartments in the liver. The third section discusses the effects of various neuroendocrine factors, such as substance P (SP), melatonin, as well as α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP), on liver fibrosis and the potential therapeutic interventions for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Juan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jennifer Mata Salinas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
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Zhao J, Li R, Li J, Chen Z, Lin Z, Zhang B, Deng L, Chen G, Wang Y. CAFs-derived SCUBE1 promotes malignancy and stemness through the Shh/Gli1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:520. [DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The tumour microenvironment and cirrhotic liver are excellent sources of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which participate in carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to clarify the crosstalk between CAFs and HCC cells and the related mechanism in regulating carcinogenesis.
Methods
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from HCC patients. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting (WB) and RT–qPCR were performed to detect the expression of SCUBE1. The roles of SCUBE1 in inducing stemness features in HCC cells were explored and investigated in vitro and in vivo. Student’s t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare continuous variables, while chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables between two groups.
Results
SCUBE1 was confirmed to be highly expressed in CAFs in HCC and had a strong connection with stemness and a poor prognosis. In addition, CAFs were found to secrete SCUBE1 to enhance the malignancy of HCC cells and increase the proportion of CD133-positive cells. Silencing SCUBE1 expression had the opposite effect. The Shh pathway was activated by SCUBE1 stimulation. Inhibition of cyclopamine partially reversed the stimulating effect of SCUBE1 both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, based on the RT–qPCR, ELISA and WB results, a high SCUBE1 expression level was found in HCC tissue and serum.
Conclusion
This study revealed that CAFs-derived SCUBE1 can enhance the malignancy and stemness of HCC cells through the Shh pathway. This study aims to provide new perspectives for future HCC studies and provide new strategies for HCC treatment.
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Gharbia S, Nazarie SR, Dinescu S, Balta C, Herman H, Peteu VE, Gherghiceanu M, Hermenean A, Costache M. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) Supplemented with Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) Attenuate Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Chemical-Induced Liver Fibrosis Associated with Diabetes. Cells 2022; 11:3338. [PMID: 36359733 PMCID: PMC9653841 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can develop on the background of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. However, xenobiotic-related factors may accelerate diabetes-associated liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the antfibrotic effect of ADSC and HGF therapy and to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, TGF-β1-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cocultured with ADSCs or HGF, and the expression of several fibrosis markers was investigated. The antifibrotic effect of the ADSCs, HGF, and ADSCs supplemented with HGF was further assessed in vivo on diabetic mice with liver fibrosis experimentally induced. In vitro results showed the inhibition of HSC proliferation and decrease in fibrogenesis markers. Coadministration of ADSCs and HGF on diabetic mice with liver fibrosis enhanced antifibrotic effects confirmed by the downregulation of Col I, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and Smad2, while Smad7 was upregulated. Moreover, stem cell therapy supplemented with HGF considerably attenuated inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, decreased collagen deposits, and alleviated liver fibrosis. In conclusion, the HGF-based ADSC therapy might be of interest for the treatment of liver fibrosis in diabetic patients, consecutive aggression exerts by different environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Simona-Rebeca Nazarie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1/Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136897. [PMID: 35805898 PMCID: PMC9267054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) remains a challenge, and identifying effective treatments is a major unmet medical need. In the current review we focus on the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1)/delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) axis as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of these pathological conditions. PTTG1 is a proto-oncogene involved in proliferation and metabolism. PTTG1 expression has been related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in cancer and experimental fibrosis. On the other hand, DLK1 has been identified as one of the most abundantly expressed PTTG1 targets in adipose tissue and has shown to contribute to hepatic fibrosis by promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Here, we extensively analyze the increasing amount of information pointing to the PTTG1/DLK1 signaling pathway as an important player in the regulation of these disturbances. These data prompted us to hypothesize that activation of the PTTG1/DLK1 axis is a key factor upregulating the tissue remodeling mechanisms characteristic of CLDs. Therefore, disruption of this signaling pathway could be useful in the therapeutic management of CLDs.
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Hameed S, Ur Rehman A, Massey S, Syed NIH, Anwar F, Ahmed D, Ahmad S. Grevillea robusta Delayed the Progression of Experimentally Induced Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats by Attenuating the Expression of Smooth Muscle Actin, Collagen, and TGF-β. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904584. [PMID: 35784733 PMCID: PMC9240227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic damage to the liver causes fibrosis, especially when different proteins are accumulated in the liver, which is the basic characteristic of chronic liver damage. The excessive accumulation of the matrix protein such as collagen causes liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal vein hypertension. Plants having antioxidants, free radical scavenging activities, and anti-inflammatory constituents are believed to be hepatoprotective in nature. Grevillea robusta (GR) is native to the subtropical environment. Its in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, and free radical scavenging activities are known, while the effect on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of Grevillea robusta plant. GR leaf extract (GREE) was prepared from the hydroethanolic extract (70%). Polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. In vivo hepatitis was induced in Wistar rats by continual IP injections of CCl4. GREE was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Variations in rat’s body weight, liver-to-body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, liver histology, and cellular markers of liver fibrosis were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) (p < 0.001) were decreased in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. RBC count was increased (p < 0.001) in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. The expression of alpha-SMA was downregulated to 40% (p < 0.05) and that of collagen was decreased by 9% (p < 0.05) compared with the disease control group. Extracellular matrix deposition and necrotic areas were also decreased as compared to the disease control group. It can be concluded that GR possesses hepatoprotective action by virtue of antioxidant constituents and delays the progression of liver cirrhosis by suppressing the activation of extracellular matrix–producing cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaid Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Atta Ur Rehman, ; Fareeha Anwar,
| | - Shazma Massey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Atta Ur Rehman, ; Fareeha Anwar,
| | - Dildar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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14
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Angosto-Bazarra D, Molina-López C, Pelegrín P. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of NLRP6: pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. Commun Biol 2022; 5:524. [PMID: 35650327 PMCID: PMC9160023 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) protein family consists of important immune sensors that form inflammasomes, a cytosolic multi-protein platform that induces caspase-1 activation and is involved in different inflammatory pathologies. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) is a receptor that can signal by forming inflammasomes, but which can also play an important role without forming inflammasomes. NLRP6 regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammation, but also is involved in cancer, the nervous system or liver diseases, with both protective and deleterious consequences. In the present article, we review the different roles of NLRP6 in these processes and offer new insights into NLRP6 activation. This review discusses emerging roles for the NLR family pyrin domain containing 6 receptor (NLRP6) in intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, cancer, the nervous system and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Angosto-Bazarra
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Molina-López
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Marañón P, Fernández-García CE, Isaza SC, Rey E, Gallego-Durán R, Montero-Vallejo R, de Cía JR, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, García-Monzón C, González-Rodríguez Á. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a new molecular target linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with potential value as non-invasive screening tool. Biomark Res 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35614516 PMCID: PMC9131682 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, being non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) its most clinically relevant form. Given the risks associated with taking a liver biopsy, the design of accurate non-invasive methods to identify NASH patients is of upmost importance. BMP2 plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis; however, little is known about its involvement in NAFLD onset and progression. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of BMP2 in NAFLD pathophysiology. METHODS Hepatic and circulating levels of BMP2 were quantified in serum and liver specimens from 115 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 75 subjects with histologically normal liver (NL). In addition, BMP2 content and release was determined in cultured human hepatocytes upon palmitic acid (PA) overload. RESULTS We found that BMP2 expression was abnormally increased in livers from NAFLD patients than in subjects with NL and this was reflected in higher serum BMP2 levels. Notably, we observed that PA upregulated BMP2 expression and secretion by human hepatocytes. An algorithm based on serum BMP2 levels and clinically relevant variables to NAFLD showed an AUROC of 0.886 (95%CI, 0.83-0.94) to discriminate NASH. We used this algorithm to develop SAN (Screening Algorithm for NASH): a SAN < 0.2 implied a low risk and a SAN ≥ 0.6 indicated high risk of NASH diagnosis. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study shows BMP2 as a new molecular target linked to NAFLD and introduces SAN as a simple and efficient algorithm to screen individuals at risk for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marañón
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ernesto Fernández-García
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephania C Isaza
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rey
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez de Cía
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Farooq M, Simoes Eugénio M, Piquet-Pellorce C, Dion S, Raguenes-Nicol C, Santamaria K, Kara-Ali GH, Larcher T, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Samson M, Le Seyec J. Receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 ablation in liver parenchymal cells promotes liver fibrosis in murine NASH without affecting other symptoms. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1027-1038. [PMID: 35476028 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a chronic liver disease that emerged in industrialized countries, can further progress into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the next decade, NASH is predicted to become the leading cause of liver transplantation, the only current interventional therapeutic option. Hepatocyte death, triggered by different death ligands, plays key role in its progression. Previously, we showed that the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) in hepatocytes exhibits a protective role in ligand-induced death. Now, to decipher the role of RIPK1 in NASH, Ripk1LPC-KO mice, deficient for RIPK1 only in liver parenchymal cells, and their wild-type littermates (Ripk1fl/fl) were fed for 3, 5, or 12 weeks with high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). The main clinical signs of NASH were analyzed to compare the pathophysiological state established in mice. Most of the symptoms evolved similarly whatever the genotype, whether it was the increase in liver to body weight ratio, the steatosis grade or the worsening of liver damage revealed by serum transaminase levels. In parallel, inflammation markers followed the same kinetics with significant equivalent inductions of cytokines (hepatic mRNA levels and blood cytokine concentrations) and a main peak of hepatic infiltration of immune cells at 3 weeks of HFHCD. Despite this identical inflammatory response, more hepatic fibrosis was significantly evidenced at week 12 in Ripk1LPC-KO mice. This coincided with over-induced rates of transcripts of genes implied in fibrosis development (Tgfb1, Tgfbi, Timp1, and Timp2) in Ripk1LPC-KO animals. In conclusion, our results show that RIPK1 in hepatocyte limits the progression of liver fibrosis during NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mélanie Simoes Eugénio
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Raguenes-Nicol
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Kathleen Santamaria
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ghania Hounana Kara-Ali
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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17
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Bauer A, Habior A. Concentration of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885229. [PMID: 35529854 PMCID: PMC9072739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and AimsMetalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in many distinct processes in the liver. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) plays an important role in connective tissue remodeling, degradation of collagen (types II, III, IV, IX, and X), proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin. In addition, MMP-3 can also activate other MMPs such as MMP-1, MMP-7, and MMP-9. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic, autoimmune liver disease, characterized by the progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to cholestasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Fibrosis is the result of an imbalance between production and degradation of the extracellular matrix surrounding hepatocytes. Our aim in the present study was to determine whether the measurement of serum MMP-3 is clinically useful for assessing ongoing liver fibrosis in patients with PBC.MethodsThe MMP-3 concentration was determined in 182 PBC patients and 80 non-PBC controls using a commercially available ELISA kit.ResultsHigher concentrations of MMP-3 were found in 61% of PBC patients. PBC subjects had greater MMP-3 levels than controls: 68.9 ± 62.6 vs 21.3 ± 7.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001 for healthy subjects; 68.9 ± 62.6 vs 22.7 ± 7.6 ng/mL, p = 0.022 for autoimmune hepatitis controls; and 68.9 ± 62.6 vs 37.2 ± 17.4 ng/mL, p = 0.002 for primary sclerosing cholangitis controls. The serum MMP-3 concentration was significantly elevated in patients with higher bilirubin concentration (107.6 ± 85.8 vs 61.6 ± 46.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and was correlated with the level of antimitochondrial antibodies specific for PBC. The concentration of MMP-3 in sera of PBC patients was also found to correlate with the state of liver fibrosis (OR = 4.3; p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated significantly higher MMP-3 levels in PBC patients than in healthy and pathological controls. Increased MMP-3 concentrations were positively correlated with various clinical and immunological parameters, and advanced liver fibrosis. The level of MMP-3 was associated with hepatic dysfunction and could play a role in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis in PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Alicja Bauer,
| | - Andrzej Habior
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinic of Polish Gastroenterology Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Ma H, Wang X, Liu X, Wang C, Gao X, Niu J. miR-654-5p Contributes to the Activation and Proliferation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by Targeting RXRα. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841248. [PMID: 35465330 PMCID: PMC9019757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a major disease that threatens human health. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute directly to LF via extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. Moreover, RXRα is an important nuclear receptor that plays a key regulatory role in HSC activation. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as significant regulators of LF development. In particular, miR-654-5p is involved in cellular migration and proliferation, and via bioinformatics analysis, has been identified as a potential factor that targets RXRα in humans and in mice. However, the precise relationship between miR-654-5p and RXRα in the context of LF, remains unknown and is the primary focus of the current study. To establish in vitro activated cell model human primary HSCs were cultured in vitro and LX-2 cells were stimulated with recombinant human TGF-β1. mRNA and protein levels of RXRα, miR-654-5p and fibrogenic genes were compared in quiescent and activated HSCs. Moreover, after transfected with miR-654-5p mimics, the expression changes of above related genes in LX-2 cells were estimated. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected in miR-654-5p overexpressed LX-2 cells. Simultaneously, the targeted binding between miR-654-5p and RXRα was verified in LX-2 cells. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model with liver fibrosis was use to research the role of the miR-654-5p in vitro. Our results show that miR-654-5p expression levels increased in activated human HSCs and TGFβ-treated LX-2 cells. Moreover, miR-654-5p mimics markedly promoted LX-2 cell proliferation while inhibiting their apoptosis. Accordingly, the expression levels of RXRα are decreased in activated HSCs and LX-2 cells. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay results reveal direct targeting of RXRα by miR-654-5p. Similarly, in vivo miR-654-5p overexpression aggravates LF in mice that are intraperitoneally injected with CCl4. Taken together, our findings elucidated a novel molecular mechanism with potential use for treatment of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuzhu Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzhu Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzhu Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
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19
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Perramón M, Carvajal S, Reichenbach V, Fernández‐Varo G, Boix L, Macias‐Muñoz L, Melgar‐Lesmes P, Bruix J, Melmed S, Lamas S, Jiménez W. The pituitary tumour-transforming gene 1/delta-like homologue 1 pathway plays a key role in liver fibrogenesis. Liver Int 2022; 42:651-662. [PMID: 35050550 PMCID: PMC9303549 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS PTTG1 is almost undetectable in adult livers but is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma. While little is known about its involvement in liver fibrosis, PTTG1 expression is associated with DLK1. We assessed the role of the PTTG1/DLK1 pathway in fibrosis progression and the potential therapeutic effect of PTTG1 silencing in fibrosis. METHODS Pttg1 and Dlk1 were studied in liver and isolated cell populations of control and fibrotic rats and in human liver biopsies. The fibrotic molecular signature was analysed in Pttg1-/- and Pttg1+/+ fibrotic mice. Finally, Pttg1 silencing was evaluated in rats as a novel antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS Pttg1 and Dlk1 mRNA selectively increased in fibrotic rats paralleling fibrosis progression. Serum DLK1 concentrations correlated with hepatic collagen content and systemic and portal haemodynamics. Human cirrhotic livers showed greater PTTG1 and DLK1 transcript abundance than non-cirrhotic, and reduced collagen was observed in Pttg1 Pttg1-/- mice. The liver fibrotic molecular signature revealed lower expression of genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling including Mmp8 and 9 and Timp4 and greater eotaxin and Mmp13 than fibrotic Pttg1+/+ mice. Finally, interfering Pttg1 resulted in reduced liver fibrotic area, lower α-Sma and decreased portal pressure than fibrotic animals. Furthermore, Pttg1 silencing decreased the transcription of Dlk1, collagens I and III, Pdgfrβ, Tgfrβ, Timp1, Timp2 and Mmp2. CONCLUSIONS Pttg1/Dlk1 are selectively overexpressed in the cirrhotic liver and participate in ECM turnover regulation. Pttg1 disruption decreases Dlk1 transcription and attenuates collagen deposition. PTTG1/DLK1 signalling is a novel pathway for targeting the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Perramón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Vedrana Reichenbach
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Guillermo Fernández‐Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Macias‐Muñoz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pedro Melgar‐Lesmes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Barcelona‐Clínic Liver Cancer GroupHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Cedars‐Sinai Research InstituteUniversity of California School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic UniversitariBarcelonaSpain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD)BarcelonaSpain,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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20
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Capacity of extracellular globins to reduce liver fibrosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting MMP-1 secretion. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102286. [PMID: 35334247 PMCID: PMC8956869 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type in liver fibrosis, a significant global health care burden. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a globin family member expressed in HSCs, inhibits HSC activation and reduces collagen production. We studied the antifibrotic properties of globin family members hemoglobin (HB), myoglobin (MB), and neuroglobin (NGB) in comparison with CYGB. Approach & results We characterized the biological activities of globins in cultured human HSCs (HHSteCs) and their effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis in mice. All globins demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity than glutathione in cell-free systems. Cellular fractionation revealed endocytosis of extracellular MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB; endocytosed globins localized to intracellular membranous, cytoplasmic, and cytoskeletal fractions. MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB, scavenged reactive oxygen species generated spontaneously or stimulated by H2O2 or transforming growth factor β1 in HHSteCs and reduced collagen 1A1 production via suppressing COL1A1 promoter activity. Disulfide bond-mutant NGB displayed decreased heme and superoxide scavenging activity and reduced collagen inhibitory capacity. RNA sequencing of MB- and NGB-treated HHSteCs revealed downregulation of extracellular matrix–encoding and fibrosis-related genes and HSC deactivation markers. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was observed following MB and NGB treatment, and MMP-1 knockdown partially reversed globin-mediated effects on secreted collagen. Importantly, administration of MB, NGB, and CYGB suppressed CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis. Conclusions These findings revealed unexpected roles for MB and NGB in deactivating HSCs and inhibiting liver fibrosis development, suggesting that globin therapy may represent a new strategy for combating fibrotic liver disease. Myoglobin, neuroglobin, and cytoglobin, but not hemoglobin:Internalize into human hepatic stellate cells via endocytosis pathway. Scavenge intracellular reactive oxidative species. Suppress COL1A1 promoter activity and promote matrix metaloproteinase-1 secretion. Suppress carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis.
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21
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Shou Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu J, Xu T, Tong J, Liu L, Hou Y, Liu D, Yang H, Cheng G, Zhang X. TIMP1 Indicates Poor Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Accelerates Tumorigenesis via EMT Signaling Pathway. Front Genet 2022; 13:648134. [PMID: 35281807 PMCID: PMC8914045 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.648134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system. The mortality of advanced RCC remains high despite advances in systemic therapy of RCC. Considering the misdiagnosis of early-stage RCC, the identification of effective biomarkers is of great importance. Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), which belongs to TIMP gene family, is a natural inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we found TIMP1 was significantly up-regulated in cell lines and RCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high expression of TIMP1 indicated a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis further indicated that TIMP1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor of RCC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of TIMP1 in vitro suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells, while upregulating TIMP1 accelerated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells. In addition, we also found that TIMP1 prompted the progression of RCC via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present results suggested that TIMP1 indicated poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma and could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaju Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Tong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gong Cheng, ; Xiaoping Zhang,
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urologic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gong Cheng, ; Xiaoping Zhang,
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Guedes PLR, Carvalho CPF, Carbonel AAF, Simões MJ, Icimoto MY, Aguiar JAK, Kouyoumdjian M, Gazarini ML, Nagaoka MR. Chondroitin Sulfate Protects the Liver in an Experimental Model of Extra-Hepatic Cholestasis Induced by Common Bile Duct Ligation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030654. [PMID: 35163920 PMCID: PMC8839946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During liver fibrogenesis, there is an imbalance between regeneration and wound healing. The current treatment is the withdrawal of the causing agent; thus, investigation of new and effective treatments is important. Studies have highlighted the action of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in different cells; thus, our aim was to analyze its effect on an experimental model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Adult Wistar rats were subjected to BDL and treated with CS for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days intraperitoneally. We performed histomorphometric analyses on Picrosirius-stained liver sections. Cell death was analyzed according to caspase-3 and cathepsin B activity and using a TUNEL assay. Regeneration was evaluated using PCNA immunohistochemistry. BDL led to increased collagen content with corresponding decreased liver parenchyma. CS treatment reduced total collagen and increased parenchyma content after 21 and 28 days. The treatment also promoted changes in the hepatic collagen type III/I ratio. Furthermore, it was observed that CS treatment reduced caspase-3 activity and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells after 14 days and cathepsin B activity only after 28 days. The regeneration increased after 14, 21, and 28 days of CS treatment. In conclusion, our study showed a promising hepatoprotective action of CS in fibrogenesis induced by BDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. R. Guedes
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | - Carolina P. F. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil; (C.P.F.C.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Adriana A. F. Carbonel
- Department of Gynecology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-001, Brazil;
| | - Manuel J. Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetic, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Y. Icimoto
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | - Jair A. K. Aguiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
| | - Maria Kouyoumdjian
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | - Marcos L. Gazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil; (C.P.F.C.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Marcia R. Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil; (C.P.F.C.); (M.L.G.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Long non-coding RNA in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nazarie (Ignat) SR, Gharbia S, Hermenean A, Dinescu S, Costache M. Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells' (MSCs) Secretome for Liver Fibrosis Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413292. [PMID: 34948088 PMCID: PMC8705326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injuries lead to liver fibrosis and then to end-stage liver cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is often needed as a course of treatment for patients in critical conditions, but limitations associated with transplantation prompted the continuous search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Cell therapy with stem cells has emerged as an attractive option in order to stimulate tissue regeneration and liver repair. Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could trans-differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and, moreover, show anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. However, cell transplantation may lead to some uncontrolled side effects, risks associated with tumorigenesis, and cell rejection. MSCs' secretome includes a large number of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), through which they exert their therapeutic role. This could represent a cell-free strategy, which is safer and more effective than MSC transplantation. In this review, we focus on cell therapies based on MSCs and how the MSCs' secretome impacts the mechanisms associated with liver diseases. Moreover, we discuss the important therapeutic role of EVs and how their properties could be further used in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Rebeca Nazarie (Ignat)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Behairy OG, El-Bakry MM, Mansour AI, Abdelrahman AMN, Emam GM. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 as a non-invasive biomarker to assess liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is linked to liver fibrosis as it reflects an imbalance between repair and progressive substitution of the liver parenchyma by scar tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the primary enzymes involved in ECM breakdown. So, this study aims to measure the value of serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in children with chronic liver diseases (CLD) in comparison with liver biopsy and serum biomarkers. A hundred twenty children with chronic liver diseases and sixty healthy children as a control group were included in this study. Both groups were evaluated via medical history, clinical, radiological, laboratory investigations, and serum MMP-1 level was measured by ELISA. Liver biopsy was performed for studied patients only.
Results
The mean MMP-1 was 15.2 ± 5.1 ng/ml in children with CLD, and 64.7 ± 27.4 ng/ml in the control group. MMP-1 was statistically lower in the children with CLD than controls (p < 0.001). The mean ± SD of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores in all studied cases showed a significant trend of increase with progressive fibrosis stage evident with histological METAVIR scoring system, while serum MMP-1 concentration was decreased significantly with increasing the degree of fibrosis in CLD group (P 0.001). Serum MMP-1 was indirectly correlated with serum biomarkers and the degree of fibrosis in patients.
Conclusions
MMP-1 is a useful non-invasive marker for detection of the stage of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver diseases.
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Albadawy R, Agwa SHA, Khairy E, Saad M, El Touchy N, Othman M, Matboli M. Clinical Significance of HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 RNA Panel in NAFLD/NASH Diagnosis: Egyptian Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091248. [PMID: 34572434 PMCID: PMC8472260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ((NASH) is the progressive form of (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) (NAFLD), which can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no available reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool to diagnose NASH, and still the liver biopsy is the gold standard in diagnosis. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway related RNA panel in the diagnosis of NASH. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was done, with retrieval of the HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 RNA panel based on the relation to the NLR-signaling pathway. Hepatitis serum markers, lipid profile, NAFLD score and fibrosis score were assessed in the patients’ sera. Reverse transcriptase real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to assess the relative expression of the RNA panel among patients who had NAFLD without steatosis, NAFLD with simple steatosis, NASH and healthy controls. Results: We observed up-regulation of Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 lncRNA that led to upregulation of miR-6881-5P with a subsequent increase in levels of HSPD1, MMP14, and ITGB1 mRNAs. In addition, ROC curve analysis was done, with discriminative cutoff values that aided discrimination between NASH cases and control, and also between NAFLD, simple steatosis and NASH. Conclusion: This pilot study concluded that HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 panel expression has potential in the diagnosis of NASH, and also differentiation between NAFLD, simple steatosis and NASH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Albadawy
- Department of Gastroentrology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara H. A. Agwa
- Molecular Genomics Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Maha Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11382, Egypt;
| | - Naglaa El Touchy
- Department of Gastroentrology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
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27
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Consumption of barley ameliorates the diabetic steatohepatitis and reduces the high transforming growth factor β expression in mice grown in α-minimum essential medium in vitro as embryos. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101029. [PMID: 34136664 PMCID: PMC8181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes the subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a major complication of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), even among non-obese patients. However, the exact cause of NAFLD/NASH in non-obese patients with T2DM is unclear. We studied a non-obese mouse model of T2DM created through the malnourishment of embryos by culture in vitro for 48 h in α-minimum essential medium (MEM) at the two-cell stage. We compared the development of steatohepatitis in these MEM mice with control mice that were similarly cultured in standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (KSOM). We also studied the effects of 10 weeks of consumption of barley, which contains large amounts of the soluble fiber β-glucan, on the steatohepatitis of the adult MEM mice. The size of lipid droplets, the area of fibrosis, and the mRNA expression of the transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb) gene in the liver were higher in adult MEM mice fed a rice-based diet than in KSOM mice fed the same diet. However, barley consumption reduced the area of fibrosis and TGFB expression in MEM mice. In conclusion, adult mice that are cultured in MEM at the two-cell embryo stage develop steatohepatitis and T2DM, accompanied by higher hepatic TGFB expression, than KSOM controls. Furthermore, the consumption of barley during adulthood ameliorates the steatohepatitis and reduces the TGFB expression. The mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in αMEM in vitro developed steatohepatitis. Dietary barley suppressed diabetic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Barley intake also reduced gene and protein expression of TGFB in livers of MEM mice.
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Khurana A, Sayed N, Allawadhi P, Weiskirchen R. It's all about the spaces between cells: role of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 33987426 PMCID: PMC8106070 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the leading complications of a variety of chronic liver disorders, including the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver failure. The progression of liver fibrosis is driven by chronic inflammation, which activates the secretory fibroblasts to the myofibroblast phenotype. These specialized liver cells are called as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion creates a large number of complications. Fibrosis is the result of imbalance between the matrix synthesizing and matrix degrading factors. The major ECM proteins include the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), lysyl oxidases (LOX), lysyl oxidase-like (LOXLs) enzymes, tenascins and others. These ECM proteins present novel avenues for the therapeutics of liver fibrosis. The current review highlights the major role played by these critical matrix proteins in liver fibrosis. Further, some of the targeted formulations used against these proteins are discussed and suggestions are provided to select the course of research for successful clinical translation of basic research findings for the amelioration of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khurana
- Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.,Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Huisman TM, Dieterich DT, Friedman SL. Experimental and Investigational Targeted Therapies for the Management of Fibrosis in NASH: An Update. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:329-338. [PMID: 33776490 PMCID: PMC7987269 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been major advances in the treatment of HBV and HCV with anti-viral treatments, which is reducing the prevalence of fibrosis due to these viruses and obviating the need for anti-fibrotic therapies in these diseases. At the same time, however, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing, of which a substantial fraction of patients have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis. Accordingly, NASH is emerging as the leading indication for liver transplantation in North America and Europe. Progress in uncovering pathogenic determinants of fibrosis in NASH include metabolic dysregulation in hepatocytes that induce inflammation and cytokine secretion leading to cell injury and apoptosis, among others. These pathogenic events converge upon hepatic stellate cells, which are the primary fibrogenic cell in liver, and represent a target of new therapeutic candidates that are currently being evaluated in animal models and clinical trials. This review highlights key experimental and investigational therapies for NASH fibrosis, whose evaluation will be accelerated as new non-invasive markers of fibrosis are established. While no drugs are approved yet for NASH fibrosis, there is growing optimism that new pharmacotherapies are likely to emerge within the next 3 years that will favorably alter the natural history of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsipora M Huisman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas T Dieterich
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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30
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El-Baz FK, Salama A, Ali SI, Elgohary R. Haematococcus pluvialis Carotenoids Enrich Fractions Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis Induced by Thioacetamide in Rats: Modulation of Metalloproteinase and Its Inhibitor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631415. [PMID: 33628797 PMCID: PMC7895575 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases. Metalloproteinase and its inhibitor have crucial roles in the resolution of liver fibrosis. The current relevant study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) extract, astaxanthin-rich fraction, astaxanthin ester-rich fraction, and β-carotene-rich fraction as well as their mechanisms of action in curing hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Liver fibrosis was induced using TAA (intraperitoneal injection, two times a week for 6 weeks), in a rat model and H. pluvialis extract (200 mg/kg), and other fractions (30 mg/kg) were orally administered daily for 4 weeks after the last TAA injection. Based on HPLC analysis, H. pluvialis extract contains β-carotene (12.95 mg/g, extract) and free astaxanthin (10.85 mg/g, extract), while HPLC/ESI-MS analysis revealed that H. pluvialis extract contains 28 carotenoid compounds including three isomers of free astaxanthin, α or β-carotene, lutein, 14 astaxanthin mono-esters, 5 astaxanthin di-esters, and other carotenoids. H. pluvialis and its fractions reduced liver enzymes, nitric oxide, collagen 1, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-beta as well as elevated catalase antioxidant activity compared to the TAA group. Also, H. pluvialis extract and its fractions exceedingly controlled the balance between metalloproteinase and its inhibitor, activated Kupffer cells proliferation, and suppressed liver apoptosis, necrobiosis, and fibrosis. These findings conclude that H. pluvialis extract and its fractions have an antifibrotic effect against TAA-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators, suppressing multiple profibrogenic factors, and modulating the metalloproteinase and its inhibitor pathway, recommending H. pluvialis extract and its fractions for the development of new effective medicine for treating hepatic fibrosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk K. El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami I. Ali
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Liver Biopsy to Non-invasive Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:615978. [PMID: 33937277 PMCID: PMC8079659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.615978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing percentage of people have or are at risk to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide. NAFLD comprises different stadia going from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a chronic state of liver inflammation that leads to the transformation of hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts. These cells produce extra-cellular matrix that results in liver fibrosis. In a normal situation, fibrogenesis is a wound healing process that preserves tissue integrity. However, sustained and progressive fibrosis can become pathogenic. This process takes many years and is often asymptomatic. Therefore, patients usually present themselves with end-stage liver disease e.g., liver cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis has also been identified as the most important predictor of prognosis in patients with NAFLD. Currently, only a minority of patients with liver fibrosis are identified to be at risk and hence referred for treatment. This is not only because the disease is largely asymptomatic, but also due to the fact that currently liver biopsy is still the golden standard for accurate detection of liver fibrosis. However, performing a liver biopsy harbors some risks and requires resources and expertise, hence is not applicable in every clinical setting and is unsuitable for screening. Consequently, different non-invasive diagnostic tools, mainly based on analysis of blood or other specimens or based on imaging have been developed or are in development. In this review, we will first give an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of the evolution from isolated steatosis to fibrosis. This serves as the basis for the subsequent discussion of the current and future diagnostic biomarkers and anti-fibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen J. M. Heyens
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Dana Busschots
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ger H. Koek
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sven Francque
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Al-Dhamin Z, Liu LD, Li DD, Zhang SY, Dong SM, Nan YM. Therapeutic efficiency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver fibrosis: A systematic review of in vivo studies. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7444-7469. [PMID: 33384547 PMCID: PMC7754546 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple drugs are accessible for recovering liver function in patients, none are considered efficient. Liver transplantation is the mainstay therapy for end-stage liver fibrosis. However, the worldwide shortage of healthy liver donors, organ rejection, complex surgery, and high costs are prompting researchers to develop novel approaches to deal with the overwhelming liver fibrosis cases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an emerging alternative method for treating patients with liver fibrosis. However, many aspects of this therapy remain unclear, such as the efficiency compared to conventional treatment, the ideal MSC sources, and the most effective way to use it. Because bone marrow (BM) is the largest source for MSCs, this paper used a systematic review approach to study the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs against liver fibrosis and related factors. We systematically searched multiple published articles to identify studies involving liver fibrosis and BM-MSC-based therapy. Analyzing the selected studies showed that compared with conventional treatment BM-MSC therapy may be more efficient for liver fibrosis in some cases. In contrast, the cotreatment presented a more efficient way. Nevertheless, BM-MSCs are lacking as a therapy for liver fibrosis; thus, this paper also reviews factors that affect BM-MSC efficiency, such as the implementation routes and strategies employed to enhance the potential in alleviating liver fibrosis. Ultimately, our review summarizes the recent advances in the BM-MSC therapy for liver fibrosis. It is grounded in recent developments underlying the efficiency of BM-MSCs as therapy, focusing on the preclinical in vivo experiments, and comparing to other treatments or sources and the strategies used to enhance its potential while mentioning the research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling-Di Liu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Ming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Molecular Mechanisms That Link Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121279. [PMID: 33333846 PMCID: PMC7765317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic tissue that leads to hepatic fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can directly activate HSCs or induce inflammation or programmed cell death, especially pyroptosis, in hepatocytes, which in turn activates HSCs and fibroblasts to produce ECM proteins. Therefore, antioxidants and the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 signaling pathway play critical roles in modulating the profibrogenic response. The master proinflammatory factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may coordinate to produce and activate profibrogenic molecules such as interleukins 1β and 18, which effectively activate HSCs, to produce large amounts of fibrotic proteins. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome activates pro-caspase 1, which is upregulated by NF-κB, to produce caspase 1, which induces pyroptosis via gasdermin and the activation of HSCs. ROS play central roles in the activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways via IκB (an inhibitor of NF-κB) and thioredoxin-interacting protein, respectively, thereby linking the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Elucidating these molecular pathways may pave the way for the development of therapeutic tools to interfere with specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-57473303; Fax: +52-55-57473394
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Chilvery S, Bansod S, Saifi MA, Godugu C. Piperlongumine attenuates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad and EMT pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106909. [PMID: 32882664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a progressive liver injury that may result in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a central role in the progression of LF through the activation of matrix producing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid extracted from Piper longum, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in various diseases but its hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects have not been reported yet. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the protective effect of PL in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced LF model and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying its antifibrotic effect. BDL group displayed a significant degree of liver damage, oxidative-nitrosative stress, hepatic inflammation and collagen deposition in the liver while these pathological changes were effectively attenuated by treatment with PL. Furthermore, we found that PL treatment greatly inhibited HSCs activation and ECM deposition via downregulation of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen1a, and collagen3a expression in the fibrotic livers. We further demonstrated that PL administration significantly inhibited TGF-β1/Smad and EMT signaling pathways. Our study demonstrated that PL exerted strong hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities against BDL-induced LF and might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Santra S, Bishnu D, Dhali GK, Santra A, Chowdhury A. Expression of type I collagen in response to Isoniazid exposure is indirect and is facilitated by collateral induction of cytochrome P450 2E1: An in-vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236992. [PMID: 32735603 PMCID: PMC7394448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We wanted to investigate whether Isoniazid (INH) can directly stimulate activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and enhance production of collagen. Treatment of human hepatic stellate cell line LX2 with or without 5μM INH for 24 to 72 hours was performed to look into content of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and intracellular oxidative stress. Protein level as well as mRNA expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen1A1 (COL1A1) were assessed by western blot and real time PCR. In some experiments pyrazole (PY) was pre-treated to LX2 cells to induce CYP2E1 prior to INH treatment. CYP2E1 level as well as NOX activity was gradually increased with INH treatment in LX2 cells till 72 hours. Following 72 hours of INH exposure, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was found to be reduced compared to control (p<0.01) and showed expression of α-SMA, indicating activation of HSC. We could not found any change in collagen expression in this experimental study. Pyrazole (PY) pre-treatment to LX2 cells caused significant increase in cellular CYP2E1 content associated with increase of NOX, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of α-SMA and collagen1 after INH exposure. CYP2E1 is present in insignificant amount in HSCs and INH treatment could not induce collagen expression, although altered cellular oxidant levels was observed. But in LX2 cells when CYP2E1 was over-expressed by PY, INH administration provokes oxidative stress mediated stellate cells activation along with collagen type I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Santra
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasree Bishnu
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhali
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Amal Santra
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
- JCM Center for Liver Research and Innovations, Indian Institute of Liver and Digestive Sciences, Sonarpur, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
- JCM Center for Liver Research and Innovations, Indian Institute of Liver and Digestive Sciences, Sonarpur, India
- * E-mail:
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Masuzaki R, Kanda T, Sasaki R, Matsumoto N, Ogawa M, Matsuoka S, Karp SJ, Moriyama M. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4906. [PMID: 32664553 PMCID: PMC7402287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as elastography and serum biochemical tests. Transient elastography is reported to have excellent performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and has been accepted as a useful tool for the prediction of HCC development and other clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is a new technique and provides a real-time stiffness image. Serum fibrosis markers have been studied based on the mechanism of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. In the healthy liver, homeostasis of the extracellular matrix is maintained directly by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs and TIMPs could be useful serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis and promising candidates for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to establish liver fibrosis-specific markers based on further clinical and molecular research. In this review, we summarize noninvasive fibrosis tests and molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis in current daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Masuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Seth J. Karp
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (T.K.); (R.S.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
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Choi JS, Han S, Ryu HA, Kim SW. Directly induced hepatogenic cells derived from human fibroblast ameliorate liver fibrosis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1028-1036. [PMID: 32476287 DOI: 10.1002/term.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, reprogramming technology has emerged as a fascinating tool to generate specific tissue cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ultrasound-directed cellular reprogramming can generate fibroblasts into hepatogenic cells. We directly induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into hepatocyte-like cells mediated by environmental transition-guided cellular reprogramming (h/entr) using ultrasound. We confirmed the characteristics of h/entr by the expression levels of hepatocyte specific RNA and proteins. The effects of h/entr on the activation of hepatic stellate cells were analyzed using conditioned medium (CM). h/entr were transplanted into mice with acute liver fibrosis and the therapeutic effects and mechanism of liver fibrosis were determined. h/entr exhibited high levels of hepatocyte specific genes, hepatogenic (hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], colony-stimulating factor 3 [CSF-3]) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10 [IL-10]) factors. h/entr CM suppressed the activation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Transplantation of h/entr significantly delayed liver fibrosis and improved liver function. Transplantation of h/entr accelerates liver regeneration, and human albumin expressing h/entr and human Alu gene were detected in the mouse livers. This report suggests that directly induced h/entr could be one of the highly effective therapeutic options for the treatment of liver cirrhotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Aae Ryu
- Department Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Xiong J, Lu S, Luo L, Chen ZL, Yang F, Jin F, Wang Y, Ma Q, Luo YY, Wang YJ, Zhou JB, Liu P, Zhao L. Inhibitory Effect of Corilagin on miR-21-Regulated Hepatic Fibrosis Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1541-1569. [PMID: 31752524 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corilagin is a polyphenol that can be extracted from many medicinal plants and shows multiple pharmacological effects. We aimed to investigate the role of corilagin on miR-21-regulated hepatic fibrosis, especially miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, in hepatic stellate LX2 cell line and Sprague-Dawley rats. The mRNA or protein levels of miR-21, Smad7, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), Smad2, Smad3, Smad2/3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad2/3, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in LX2 cells and liver tissues were determined. Furthermore, gain-of and loss-of function of miR-21 in miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway were analyzed in LX2 cells. Liver tissues and serum were collected for pathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Corilagin treatment reduced mRNA or protein levels of miR-21, CTGF, α-SMA, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, COL1A1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and p-Smad2/3 both in vitro and in vivo. While corilagin increased mRNA and protein levels of Smad7 and MMP-9. After gain-of and loss-of function of miR-21, the downstream effectors of miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in LX2 cells changed accordingly, and the changes were inhibited by corilagin. Simultaneously, administration of corilagin not only ameliorated pathological manifestation of liver fibrosis but also reduced levels of α-SMA and COL1A1 in liver tissues and TGF-β1, ALT levels in serum. Corilagin is able to potentially prevent liver fibrosis by blocking the miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in LX2 cells and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Zhou
- School of Clinical Medical, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
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Discovery of 9O-Substituted Palmatine Derivatives as a New Class of anti-COL1A1 Agents via Repressing TGF-β1/Smads and JAK1/STAT3 Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040773. [PMID: 32054011 PMCID: PMC7070350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty 9O-substituted palmatine derivatives were prepared and tested for their biological effect against collagen α1 (I) (COL1A1) promotor in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. The structure−activity relationship (SAR) indicated that the introduction of a benzyl motif on the 9O atom was favorable for activity. Among them, compound 6c provided the highest inhibitory effect against COL1A1 with an IC50 value of 3.98 μM, and it also dose-dependently inhibited the expression of fibrogenic COL1A1, α-soomth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2) in both mRNA and protein levels, indicating extensive inhibitory activity against fibrogenesis. A further primary mechanism study indicated that it might repress the hepatic fibrogenesis via inhibiting both canonical transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads and non-canonical janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1)/singal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways. Additionally, 6c owned a high safety profile with the LD50 value of over 1000 mg·kg−1 in mice. These results identified palmatine derivatives as a novel class of anti-fibrogenic agents, and provided powerful information for further structure optimization.
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Suwa K, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida K, Murata M, Ichimura M, Tsuneyama K, Seki T, Okazaki K. Smad Phospho-Isoforms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Assessment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020286. [PMID: 31991602 PMCID: PMC7073158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) sometimes occurs in mildly fibrotic livers, while HCC incidence in NASH-related cirrhosis is lower than and less predictable than in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in hepatocytic nuclei is implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis. TGF-βtype I receptor (TβRI) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) differentially phosphorylate the mediator Smad3, resulting in 2 distinct phospho-isoforms: C-terminally phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3C) and linker-phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3L). In mature hepatocytes, oncogenic signaling via the JNK/pSmad3L pathway antagonizes signaling via the tumor-suppressive TβRI/pSmad3C pathway. We immunohistochemically examined domain-specific Smad3 phosphorylation in liver biopsy specimens from 30 NASH patients representing different fibrotic stages and 20 chronically infected hepatitis C patients as controls, correlating Smad3 phosphorylation with clinical course. HCC occurred during follow-up in 11 of 12 NASH patients with abundant pSmad3L and limited pSmad3C but in only 2 of 18 with limited pSmad3L. In contrast, HCC developed in 12 of 15 NASH patients with limited pSmad3C but only 1 of 15 with abundant pSmad3C. Two of fourteen NASH patients with mild fibrosis developed HCC, their hepatocytic nuclei showed abundant pSmad3L and limited pSmad3C. Five of sixteen patients with severe fibrosis did not develop HCC, their hepatocytic nuclei showed limited pSmad3L and abundant pSmad3C. Smad phospho-isoforms may represent important biomarkers predicting HCC in NASH and potential therapeutic targets for preventing NASH-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanehiko Suwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-0101; Fax: +81-72-804-2524
| | - Katsunori Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Miki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Mayuko Ichimura
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School. 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School. 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshihito Seki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University 2-5-1, Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; (K.S.); (K.Y.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.O.)
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Phaosri M, Jantrapirom S, Na Takuathung M, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sireeratawong S, Buacheen P, Pitchakarn P, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Salacia chinensis L. Stem Extract Exerts Antifibrotic Effects on Human Hepatic Stellate Cells Through the Inhibition of the TGF-β1-Induced SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246314. [PMID: 31847284 PMCID: PMC6940887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salacia chinensis L. (SC) stems have been used as an ingredient in Thai traditional medicine for treating patients with hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting the antifibrotic effects of SC extract. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifibrotic activity of SC stem extract in human hepatic stellate cell-line called LX-2. We found that upon TGF-β1 stimulation, LX-2 cells transformed to a myofibroblast-like phenotype with a noticeable increase in α-SMA and collagen type I production. Interestingly, cells treated with SC extract significantly suppressed α-SMA and collagen type I production and reversed the myofibroblast-like characteristics back to normal. Additionally, TGF-β1 also influenced the development of fibrogenesis by upregulation of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and related cellular signaling, such as pSmad2/3, pErk1/2, and pJNK. Surprisingly, SC possesses antifibrotic activity through the suppression of TGF-β1-mediated production of collagen type 1, α-SMA, and the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3, Erk1/2, and JNK. Taken together, the present study provides accumulated information demonstrating the antifibrotic effects of SC stem extract and revealing its potential for development for hepatic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattareeyapar Phaosri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Seewaboon Sireeratawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: or
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Chuang HM, Chen YS, Harn HJ. The Versatile Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase for the Diverse Results of Fibrosis Treatment. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224188. [PMID: 31752262 PMCID: PMC6891433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a type of chronic organ failure, resulting in the excessive secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM protects wound tissue from infection and additional injury, and is gradually degraded during wound healing. For some unknown reasons, myofibroblasts (the cells that secrete ECM) do not undergo apoptosis; this is associated with the continuous secretion of ECM and reduced ECM degradation even during de novo tissue formation. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to be a potential target of fibrosis treatment because they are the main groups of ECM-degrading enzymes. However, MMPs participate not only in ECM degradation but also in the development of various biological processes that show the potential to treat diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Therefore, treatment involving the targeting of MMPs might impede typical functions. Here, we evaluated the links between these MMP functions and possible detrimental effects of fibrosis treatment, and also considered possible approaches for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Meng Chuang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +03-8561825 (ext. 15615)
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Priyanka SH, Syam Das S, Nair SS, Rauf AA, Indira M. All trans retinoic acid modulates TNF-α and CYP2E1 pathways and enhances regression of ethanol-induced fibrosis markers in hepatocytes and HSCs in abstaining rodent model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:302-310. [PMID: 29592769 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1455712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: Our previous studies showed that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) ameliorates alcohol-induced toxicity. Hence, we evaluated the efficacy of ATRA and abstention in the regression of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and methods: After ethanol administration to rats for 90 days, the regression of alcohol-induced toxicity was studied by supplementing ATRA at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight for 30 days. It was also compared with animals in abstention. Results and discussion: Ethanol administration enhanced oxidative stress, activated HSCs and increased collagen deposition. All these alterations were reversed to a certain extent by ATRA supplementation. Conclusions: ATRA had better efficacy than just abstention in reducing ethanol-induced toxicity. The mechanism might be downregulation of CYP2E1, leading to reduced oxidative stress in the hepatocytes and thus impeding NFκB activation, cytokine production, activation of HSC and resulting in the reduction of inflammation and remodelling of fibrosis by modulating MMP and TIMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Priyanka
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - S Syam Das
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Saritha S Nair
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Arun A Rauf
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - M Indira
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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Kuk N, Hodge A, Sun Y, Correia J, Alhomrani M, Samuel C, Moore G, Lim R, Sievert W. Human amnion epithelial cells and their soluble factors reduce liver fibrosis in murine non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1441-1449. [PMID: 30821873 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle modification is the only effective treatment. We have shown that human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) reduce inflammation and fibrosis in toxin-induced liver injury models. We examined the effect of these cells and the soluble factors released by the cells into culture medium (hAEC conditioned medium [hAEC-CM]) in a diet-induced murine NASH model. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice received a Western "fast food diet" for 42 weeks. Group 1 received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 106 hAECs at week 34, group 2 received an additional hAEC dose at week 38, and group 3 received thrice weekly hAEC-CM injections intraperitoneal for 8 weeks from week 34. Liver fibrosis area, inflammation, and fibrosis regulators were measured by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and gelatin zymography. Metabolic parameters were also assessed. RESULTS Fast food diet-fed mice demonstrated peri-cellular hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis typical of NASH. Liver fibrosis area was reduced by 40% in hAEC-treated and hAEC-CM-treated mice. hAEC treatment significantly reduced pSMAD 2/3 signaling and the number of activated hepatic stellate cells and liver macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 gene and protein expression were variably affected. hAEC treatment did not alter the NASH activity score or metabolic parameters such as bodyweight, total cholesterol, or glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION Human amnion epithelial cell and hAEC-CM significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Although hAEC and hAEC-CM did not affect the metabolic components of NASH, their therapeutic potential is promising and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kuk
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Hodge
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Sun
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanne Correia
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory Moore
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Villar-Lorenzo A, Rada P, Rey E, Marañón P, Arroba AI, Santamaría B, Sáiz J, Rupérez FJ, Barbas C, García-Monzón C, Valverde ÁM, González-Rodríguez Á. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) deficiency delays liver fibrosis associated with cholestatic injury. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038810. [PMID: 31262748 PMCID: PMC6679376 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is a key downstream mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathways and plays a major role in liver metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IRS2 had an impact on the hepatic fibrotic process associated with cholestatic injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed in wild-type (WT) and Irs2-deficient (IRS2KO) female mice. Histological and biochemical analyses, together with fibrogenic and inflammatory responses were evaluated in livers from mice at 3, 7 and 28 days following BDL. We also explored whether activation of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induced by IGF1 was modulated by IRS2. IRS2KO mice displayed reduced disruption of liver histology, such hepatocyte damage and excess deposition of extracellular matrix components, compared with WT mice at 3 and 7 days post-BDL. However, no histological differences between genotypes were found at 28 days post-BDL. The less pro-inflammatory profile of bile acids accumulated in the gallbladder of IRS2KO mice after BDL corresponded with the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory markers in these mice. Stable silencing of IRS2 or inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced the activation of human LX2 cells and also reduced induction of MMP9 upon IGF1 stimulation. Furthermore, hepatic MMP9 expression was strongly induced after BDL in WT mice, but only a slight increase was found in mice lacking IRS2. Our results have unravelled the signalling pathway mediated by IGF1R–IRS2–ERK1/2–MMP9 as a key axis in regulating HSC activation, which might be therapeutically relevant for targeting liver fibrosis. Summary: IRS2 is a key mediator of IGF1R signalling in hepatic stellate cell activation in cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Villar-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rey
- Unidad de Investigación Hepática, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Marañón
- Unidad de Investigación Hepática, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Santamaría
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rupérez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Unidad de Investigación Hepática, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Hepática, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Komolkriengkrai M, Nopparat J, Vongvatcharanon U, Anupunpisit V, Khimmaktong W. Effect of glabridin on collagen deposition in liver and amelioration of hepatocyte destruction in diabetes rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1164-1174. [PMID: 31316610 PMCID: PMC6601403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in insulin hormone levels leads to a hyperglycemic condition of diabetic mellitus. Hyperglycemia seriously induces organ and system destructions. The excessive accumulation of collagen fiber deposits occurs in inflammatory and reorganization processes of chronic liver diseases in type I insulin-dependent diabetes. Regarding the research objective, glabridin (GLB), an active compound of licorice, was used as a daily supplement (40 mg/kg) in order to decrease hepatocyte destruction and collagen deposition in liver tissue of diabetic animals induced by streptozotocin. A total of 40 were randomly allocated to five groups (each, n=10), control, control treated with GLB (GLB), diabetic rats (DM) injected with single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to induce a diabetic condition, diabetic rats receiving GLB (DM+GLB; 40 mg/kg) and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (DM+GL; 4 mg/kg). Characteristic histopathological changes in liver cells and tissues of rats were determined by Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the key markers, collagen type I and fibronectin proteins. The histological investigation of liver tissue of the DM group revealed that the collagen fiber deposition was increased in the periportal, pericentral and perisinusoidal spaces compared with controls. Hepatocytes appeared as small and fragmented cells in TEM examination. Collagenization of the perisinusoidal space was recently demonstrated to represent a new aspect of the microvascular abnormalities and liver fibrosis. Healthy hepatocytes with round nucleus were observed following supplementation of glabridin. In addition, collagen fiber deposition was reduced in the area adjacent to the perisinusoidal space. The expression of collagen type I and fibronectin decreased strongly following glabridin supplementation in DM+GLB rats compared with DM rats, indicating that the hepatic tissue reorganization regained its normal morphology. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to examine the role of glabridin as a therapeutic agent in diabetes treatment in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaras Komolkriengkrai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Uraporn Vongvatcharanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Vipavee Anupunpisit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wipapan Khimmaktong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Bae M, Kim MB, Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY. Comparison of Carotenoids for Their Antifibrogenic Effects in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Lipids 2019; 54:401-410. [PMID: 31140624 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) have an important role in the development of liver fibrosis by producing extracellular matrix proteins when they are activated upon liver injury. We previously demonstrated that astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, attenuates HSC activation. The objective of this study was to compare the anti-fibrogenic effects of ASTX with those of other common carotenoids. LX-2 cells, a human HSC cell line, were treated with ASTX, lycopene, lutein (LT), zeaxanthin, or canthaxanthin, to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of pro-fibrogenic genes. Pro-fibrogenic gene expressions were also measured in ASTX- or LT-treated primary mouse HSC. To determine the underlying mechanisms of the anti-fibrogenic effect of ASTX and LT, SMA-related and MAD-related protein 3 (SMAD3) pathways and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in LX-2 cells. Among five carotenoids tested, ASTX and LT attenuated HSC activation in LX-2 cells by reducing the mRNA and protein levels of pro-fibrogenic genes, such as smooth muscle α actin and procollagen type I α1 (COL1A1). In addition, both ASTX and LT significantly decreased the expression of pro-fibrogenic genes, including COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL6A1, in activated primary mouse HSC, with ASTX being more potent than LT. The anti-fibrogenic effect of ASTX was mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD3 and cellular ROS accumulation, while LT only prevented the accumulation of ROS in LX-2 cells. In conclusion, ASTX showed the most potent anti-fibrogenic effect among the five carotenoids via inhibition of SMAD3 phosphorylation and cellular ROS accumulation while LT only prevented ROS levels in HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 3624 Horsebarn Rd, CT 06269-4017, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 3624 Horsebarn Rd, CT 06269-4017, USA
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 3624 Horsebarn Rd, CT 06269-4017, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 3624 Horsebarn Rd, CT 06269-4017, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 3624 Horsebarn Rd, CT 06269-4017, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26-6, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been the leading cause of cirrhosis in the United States now for the last several decades. With the introduction of highly effective direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, cure rates are now almost 100%. With this explosion of effective therapy, it is possible that many patients with HCV may have reversion in fibrosis. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to report on recent findings in this field. RECENT FINDINGS Older data that examined the effect of interferon-based HCV therapy indicate that fibrosis reverses after HCV eradication. More recent work in the DAA era similarly indicates that fibrosis is reversible. A caveat is that DAA therapy causes rapid viral clearance, and appears to lead to rapid reductions in inflammation. Some tools (such as transient elastography), which may also reflect the inflammatory response, and thus may 'overestimate' of fibrosis reversal. However, emerging data suggesting improved outcomes in patients with cirrhosis after HCV clearance support the concept that even cirrhosis reverses in some patients. SUMMARY Fibrosis (and cirrhosis) reversion, to some extent, occurs after HCV clearance. This topic is vitally important and information continues to emerge; more data on this subject are expected and needed.
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The Role of Fibrosis and Liver-Associated Fibroblasts in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30959975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071723.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Most HCC develops in the setting of chronic liver injury, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players in liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis, respectively. CAFs, which probably derive from HSCs, activate into extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts and crosstalk with cancer cells to affect tumor growth and invasion. In this review, we describe the different components which form the HCC premalignant microenvironment (PME) and the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the liver fibrosis process and the biology of CAFs. We will describe the CAF-dependent mechanisms which have been suggested to promote hepatocarcinogenesis, such as the alteration of ECM, CAF-dependent production of cytokines and angiogenic factors, CAF-dependent reduction of immuno-surveillance, and CAF-dependent promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). New knowledge of the fibrosis process and the role of CAFs in HCC may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for liver cancer.
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50
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Baglieri J, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. The Role of Fibrosis and Liver-Associated Fibroblasts in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071723. [PMID: 30959975 PMCID: PMC6479943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Most HCC develops in the setting of chronic liver injury, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players in liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis, respectively. CAFs, which probably derive from HSCs, activate into extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts and crosstalk with cancer cells to affect tumor growth and invasion. In this review, we describe the different components which form the HCC premalignant microenvironment (PME) and the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the liver fibrosis process and the biology of CAFs. We will describe the CAF-dependent mechanisms which have been suggested to promote hepatocarcinogenesis, such as the alteration of ECM, CAF-dependent production of cytokines and angiogenic factors, CAF-dependent reduction of immuno-surveillance, and CAF-dependent promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). New knowledge of the fibrosis process and the role of CAFs in HCC may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Baglieri
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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