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Five Days of Tart Cherry Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020388. [PMID: 36678258 PMCID: PMC9864878 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown tart cherry (TC) to improve exercise performance in normoxia. The effect of TC on hypoxic exercise performance is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 5 days of tart cherry (TC) or placebo (PL) supplementation on hypoxic exercise performance. Thirteen healthy participants completed an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion (TTE) under two conditions: (i) hypoxia (13% O2) with PL and (ii) hypoxia with TC (200 mg anthocyanin per day for 4 days and 100 mg on day 5). Pulmonary gas exchange variables, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at rest and during exercise. Urinary 8-hydro-2′ deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion was evaluated pre-exercise and 1 and 5 h post-exercise. The TTE after TC (940 ± 84 s, mean ± standard deviation) was longer than after PL (912 ± 63 s, p < 0.05). During submaximal hypoxic exercise, HHb was lower and StO2 and SpO2 were higher after TC than PL. Moreover, a significant interaction (supplements × time) in urinary 8-OHdG excretion was found (p < 0.05), whereby 1 h post-exercise increases in urinary 8-OHdG excretion tended to be attenuated after TC. These findings indicate that short-term dietary TC supplementation improved hypoxic exercise tolerance, perhaps due to lower HHb and higher StO2 in the working muscles during submaximal exercise.
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2
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Impaired muscle stem cell function and abnormal myogenesis in acquired myopathies. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232343. [PMID: 36538023 PMCID: PMC9829652 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a high plasticity and a remarkable regenerative capacity that relies mainly on muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Molecular and cellular components of the MuSC niche, such as immune cells, play key roles to coordinate MuSC function and to orchestrate muscle regeneration. An abnormal infiltration of immune cells and/or imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines could lead to MuSC dysfunctions that could have long lasting effects on muscle function. Different genetic variants were shown to cause muscular dystrophies that intrinsically compromise MuSC function and/or disturb their microenvironment leading to impaired muscle regeneration that contributes to disease progression. Alternatively, many acquired myopathies caused by comorbidities (e.g., cardiopulmonary or kidney diseases), chronic inflammation/infection, or side effects of different drugs can also perturb MuSC function and their microenvironment. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on acquired myopathies and their impact on MuSC function. We further describe potential therapeutic strategies to restore MuSC regenerative capacity.
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Mason SA, Parker L, van der Pligt P, Wadley GD. Vitamin C supplementation for diabetes management: A comprehensive narrative review. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:255-283. [PMID: 36526243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that vitamin C supplementation may be an effective adjunct therapy in the management of people with diabetes. This paper critically reviews the current evidence on effects of vitamin C supplementation and its potential mechanisms in diabetes management. Evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show favourable effects of vitamin C on glycaemic control and blood pressure that may be clinically meaningful, and mixed effects on blood lipids and endothelial function. However, evidence is mostly of low evidence certainty. Emerging evidence is promising for effects of vitamin C supplementation on some diabetes complications, particularly diabetic foot ulcers. However, there is a notable lack of robust and well-designed studies exploring effects of vitamin C as a single compound supplement on diabetes prevention and patient-important outcomes (i.e. prevention and amelioration of diabetes complications). RCTs are also required to investigate potential preventative or ameliorative effects of vitamin C on gestational diabetes outcomes. Oral vitamin C doses of 500-1000 mg per day are potentially effective, safe, and affordable for many individuals with diabetes. However, personalisation of supplementation regimens that consider factors such as vitamin C status, disease status, current glycaemic control, vitamin C intake, redox status, and genotype is important to optimize vitamin C's therapeutic effects safely. Finally, given a high prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in patients with complications, it is recommended that plasma vitamin C concentration be measured and monitored in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paige van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Footscray, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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4
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Hartmann JP, Dahl RH, Nymand S, Munch GW, Ryrsø CK, Pedersen BK, Thaning P, Mortensen SP, Berg RMG, Iepsen UW. Regulation of the microvasculature during small muscle mass exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease vs. chronic heart failure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:979359. [PMID: 36134330 PMCID: PMC9483770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.979359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Skeletal muscle convective and diffusive oxygen (O2) transport are peripheral determinants of exercise capacity in both patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesised that differences in these peripheral determinants of performance between COPD and CHF patients are revealed during small muscle mass exercise, where the cardiorespiratory limitations to exercise are diminished. Methods: Eight patients with moderate to severe COPD, eight patients with CHF (NYHA II), and eight age- and sex-matched controls were studied. We measured leg blood flow (Q̇leg) by Doppler ultrasound during submaximal one-legged knee-extensor exercise (KEE), while sampling arterio-venous variables across the leg. The capillary oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve was reconstructed from paired femoral arterial-venous oxygen tensions and saturations, which enabled the estimation of O2 parameters at the microvascular level within skeletal muscle, so that skeletal muscle oxygen conductance (DSMO2) could be calculated and adjusted for flow (DSMO2/Q̇leg) to distinguish convective from diffusive oxygen transport. Results: During KEE, Q̇leg increased to a similar extent in CHF (2.0 (0.4) L/min) and controls (2.3 (0.3) L/min), but less in COPD patients (1.8 (0.3) L/min) (p <0.03). There was no difference in resting DSMO2 between COPD and CHF and when adjusting for flow, the DSMO2 was higher in both groups compared to controls (COPD: 0.97 (0.23) vs. controls 0.63 (0.24) mM/kPa, p= 0.02; CHF 0.98 (0.11) mM/kPa vs. controls, p= 0.001). The Q̇-adjusted DSMO2 was not different in COPD and CHF during KEE (COPD: 1.19 (0.11) vs. CHF: 1.00 (0.18) mM/kPa; p= 0.24) but higher in COPD vs. controls: 0.87 (0.28) mM/kPa (p= 0.02), and only CHF did not increase Q̇-adjusted DSMO2 from rest (p= 0.2). Conclusion: Disease-specific factors may play a role in peripheral exercise limitation in patients with COPD compared with CHF. Thus, low convective O2 transport to contracting muscle seemed to predominate in COPD, whereas muscle diffusive O2 transport was unresponsive in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peter Hartmann
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Dahl
- Department of Radiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Nymand
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers W Munch
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla K Ryrsø
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Thaning
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan P Mortensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronan M G Berg
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrik Winning Iepsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Francisco MA, Lee JF, Barrett-O'Keefe Z, Groot HJ, Ratchford SM, Bunsawat K, Alpenglow JK, Ryan JJ, Nativi JN, Richardson RS, Wray DW. Locomotor Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Hypertension 2021; 78:1750-1759. [PMID: 34719934 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Francisco
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - Joshua F Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology (Z.B.-O., H.J.G., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology (Z.B.-O., H.J.G., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - Stephen M Ratchford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.).,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC (S.M.R.)
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Jeremy K Alpenglow
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Jose N Nativi
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology (Z.B.-O., H.J.G., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.A.F., J.F.L., K.B., J.J.R., J.N.N., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology (Z.B.-O., H.J.G., R.S.R., D.W.W.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (M.A.F., J.F.L., Z.B.-O., H.J.G., S.M.R., J.K.A., R.S.R., D.W.W.)
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Hureau TJ, Weavil JC, Sidhu SK, Thurston TS, Reese VR, Zhao J, Nelson AD, Birgenheier NM, Richardson RS, Amann M. Ascorbate attenuates cycling exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue but fails to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise tolerance in COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:69-79. [PMID: 33151775 PMCID: PMC7944926 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00611.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of intravenous ascorbate (VitC) administration on exercise-induced redox balance, inflammation, exertional dyspnea, neuromuscular fatigue, and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eight COPD patients completed constant-load cycling (∼80% of peak power output, 83 ± 10 W) to task failure after intravenous VitC (2 g) or saline (placebo, PL) infusion. All participants repeated the shorter of the two exercise trials (isotime) with the other infusate. Quadriceps fatigue was determined by pre- to postexercise changes in quadriceps twitch torque (ΔQtw, electrical femoral nerve stimulation). Corticospinal excitability before, during, and after exercise was assessed by changes in motor evoked potentials triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation. VitC increased superoxide dismutase (marker for endogenous antioxidant capacity) by 129% and mitigated C-reactive protein (marker for inflammation) in the plasma during exercise but failed to alter the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and free radicals [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-spectroscopy]. Although VitC did, indeed, decrease neuromuscular fatigue (ΔQtw: PL -29 ± 5%, VitC -23 ± 6%, P < 0.05), there was no impact on corticospinal excitability and time to task failure (∼8 min, P = 0.8). Interestingly, in terms of pulmonary limitations to exercise, VitC had no effect on perceived exertional dyspnea (∼8.5/10) and its determinants, including oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) (∼92%) and respiratory muscle work (∼650 cmH2O·s·min-1) (P > 0.3). Thus, although VitC facilitated indicators for antioxidant capacity, diminished inflammatory markers, and improved neuromuscular fatigue resistance, it failed to improve exertional dyspnea and cycling exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. As dyspnea is recognized to limit exercise tolerance in COPD, the otherwise beneficial effects of VitC may have been impacted by this unaltered sensation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effect of intravenous vitamin C on redox balance, exertional dyspnea, neuromuscular fatigue, and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Acute vitamin C administration increased superoxide dismutase (marker of antioxidant capacity) and attenuated fatigue development but failed to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise tolerance. These findings suggest that a compromised redox balance plays a critical role in the development of fatigue in COPD but also highlight the significance of exertional dyspnea as an important symptom limiting the patients' exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hureau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- EA 3072 Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Simranjit K Sidhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S Thurston
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van R Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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7
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Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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8
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Mandour AS, Samir H, El-Beltagy MA, Abdel-Daim MM, Izumi W, Ma D, Matsuura K, Tanaka R, Watanabe G. Effect of supra-nutritional selenium-enriched probiotics on hematobiochemical, hormonal, and Doppler hemodynamic changes in male goats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19447-19460. [PMID: 32215792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of supra-nutritional organic selenium (Se) supplement on hematology and plasma biochemicals, including antioxidant parameters and plasma reproductive hormones, as well as blood flow characteristics in the supratesticular and common carotid arteries (STA and CCA, respectively) were investigated. For this purpose, 15 male goats were used and classified into three equal groups according to the supplementation of the basal diet (BD): negative control (NC), probiotic (Pro), and Se-probiotic (Se-Pro) groups. Blood perfusion in the STA and CCA was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography at three different time intervals: at the experimental onset (T0), 3 weeks of dietary supplement (T3), and after 6 weeks of observation (T6). Concomitantly, blood samples were withdrawn for hematobiochemical and hormonal changes. Results revealed no evidence of clinical abnormality, with some enhanced hematological parameters and antioxidant (SOD and GPX) levels in goats of the Se-Pro and Pro groups. High concentrations of FSH were found in the Se-Pro at T6 compared to its values in other groups. Similarly, testosterone levels were elevated in the Pro and Se-Pro groups at T3 compared to other time points. There were significant increases in levels of IGF-1 in the Pro and Se-Pro groups compared to the NC group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the values of the blood volume within the CCA and the STA were noted in the Se-Pro group, and the highest values were observed at T6 (CCA, 427.4 ± 33 ml/min; STA, 49.9 ± 5.0 ml/min). In conclusion, supra-nutritional organic selenium improves some hematobiochemical parameters, reproductive hormones, and the blood perfusion within the CCA and STA in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Marwa A El-Beltagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Watanabe Izumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danfu Ma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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9
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Ives SJ, Layec G, Hart CR, Trinity JD, Gifford JR, Garten RS, Witman MAH, Sorensen JR, Richardson RS. Passive leg movement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence of locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1402-1411. [PMID: 32324478 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00568.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by pulmonary dysfunction, is now also recognized to be associated with free radical-mediated vascular dysfunction. However, as previous investigations have utilized the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation technique, whether such vascular dysfunction exists in the locomotor muscle of patients with COPD remains unclear. Therefore, in patients with COPD (n = 13, 66 ± 6 yr) and healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 12, 68 ± 6 yr), second-by-second measurements of leg blood flow (LBF) (ultrasound Doppler), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (Finapres), and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were recorded before and during both 2 min of continuous upright seated continuous-movement passive leg movement (PLM) and a single-movement PLM (sPLM). In response to PLM, both peak change in LBF (COPD 321 ± 54, Control 470 ± 55 ∆mL/min) and LVC (COPD 3.0 ± 0.5, Control 5.4 ± 0.5 ∆mL·min-1·mmHg-1) were significantly attenuated in patients with COPD compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). This attenuation in the patients with COPD was also evident in response to sPLM, with peak change in LBF tending to be lower (COPD 142 ± 26, Control 169 ± 14 ∆mL/min) and LVC being significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the patients than the control subjects (COPD 1.6 ± 0.4, Control 2.5 ± 0.3 ∆mL·min-1·mmHg-1). Therefore, utilizing both PLM and sPLM, this study provides evidence of locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction in patients with COPD, perhaps due to redox imbalance and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, which is in agreement with an increased cardiovascular disease risk in this population. This locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction, in combination with the clearly dysfunctional lungs, may contribute to the exercise intolerance associated with COPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Utilizing both the single and continuous passive leg movement (PLM) models, which induce nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hyperemia, this study provides evidence of vascular dysfunction in the locomotor muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), independent of central hemodynamics. This impaired hyperemia may be the result of an oxidant-mediated attenuation in NO bioavailability. In addition to clearly dysfunctional lungs, vascular dysfunction in locomotor muscle may contribute to the exercise intolerance associated with COPD and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
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11
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Ratchford SM, Clifton HL, Gifford JR, LaSalle DT, Thurston TS, Bunsawat K, Alpenglow JK, Richardson RS, Wright JB, Ryan JJ, Wray DW. Impact of acute antioxidant administration on inflammation and vascular function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R607-R614. [PMID: 31483155 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00184.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although it is now well established that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with marked inflammation and a prooxidant state that is accompanied by vascular dysfunction, whether acute antioxidant (AO) administration can effectively target these disease-related decrements has not been evaluated. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an acute over-the-counter AO cocktail (600 mg α-lipoic acid, 1,000 mg vitamin C, and 600 IU vitamin E) to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress, and subsequently improve nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular function, in patients with HFpEF. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia (RH) were evaluated to assess conduit vessel and microvascular function, respectively, 90 min after administration of either placebo (PL) or AO in 16 patients with HFpEF (73 ± 10 yr, EF 54-70%) using a double-blind, crossover design. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl), free radical concentration (EPR spectroscopy), antioxidant capacity, ascorbate and NO bioavailability (plasma nitrate, [Formula: see text], and nitrite, [Formula: see text]) were also assessed. FMD improved following AO administration (PL: 3.49 ± 0.7%, AO: 5.83 ± 1.0%), whereas RH responses were similar between conditions (PL: 428 ± 51 mL, AO: 425 ± 51 mL). AO administration decreased CRP (PL: 4,429 ± 705 ng/mL, AO: 3,664 ± 520 ng/mL) and increased ascorbate (PL: 30.0 ± 2.9 µg/mL, AO: 45.1 ± 3.7 µg/mL) and [Formula: see text] (PL: 182 ± 21 nM, AO: 213 ± 24 nM) but did not affect other biomarkers. Together, these data suggest that acute AO administration can exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve conduit artery vasodilation, but not microvascular function, in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ratchford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather L Clifton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - D Taylor LaSalle
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S Thurston
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy K Alpenglow
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Josephine B Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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12
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Garten RS, Hogwood AC, Weggen J, Decker K, Darling A, Maniyar R, Michael A. Examining Arm Vascular Function and Blood Flow Regulation in Row-trained Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:2058-2066. [PMID: 31009422 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular function and blood flow responses to upper limb exercise are differentially altered in response to different exercise training modalities. Rowing is a unique exercise modality that incorporates the upper limbs and can significantly augment upper limb endurance, strength, and power capacity. PURPOSE This study sought to determine whether vascular function and blood flow regulation during handgrip exercise are altered in row-trained males. METHODS Nine young row-trained males (ROW, 20 ± 1 yr; V˙O2peak = 51 ± 2 mL·kg·min) and 14 recreationally active male controls (C: 22 ± 1 yr; V˙O2peak = 37 ± 2 mL·kg·min) were recruited for this study. Subjects performed multiple bouts of progressive rhythmic handgrip exercise. Brachial artery (BA) diameter, blood flow, shear rate, and mean arterial pressure were measured at rest and during the last minute of each exercise workload. RESULTS Resting values for BA diameter, blood flow, shear rate, and mean arterial pressure were not different between groups. During handgrip exercise, the ROW group reported significantly lower BA blood flow (ROW vs C: 4 kg [146 ± 21 vs 243 ± 13 mL·min], 8 kg [248 ± 29 vs 375 ± 17 mL·min], 12 kg [352 ± 43 vs 490 ± 22 mL·min]) across all workloads when compared with controls. The examination of BA dilation, when controlled for the shear rate stimulus and evaluated across all workloads, was revealed to be significantly greater in ROW group versus controls. CONCLUSION This study revealed that vascular function and blood flow regulation were significantly different in row-trained males when compared with untrained controls evidenced by greater shear-induced BA dilation and lower arm blood flow during progressive handgrip exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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13
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Effects of dietary sports supplements on metabolite accumulation, vasodilation and cellular swelling in relation to muscle hypertrophy: A focus on “secondary” physiological determinants. Nutrition 2019; 60:241-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Hansen AB, Hoiland RL, Lewis NCS, Tymko MM, Tremblay JC, Stembridge M, Nowak-Flück D, Carter HH, Bailey DM, Ainslie PN. UBC-Nepal expedition: The use of oral antioxidants does not alter cerebrovascular function at sea level or high altitude. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:523-534. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Hansen
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Ryan L. Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Nia C. S. Lewis
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Michael M. Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Joshua C. Tremblay
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Michael Stembridge
- Cardiff Centre for Exercise and Health; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - Daniela Nowak-Flück
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Howard H. Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education; University of South Wales; Newport UK
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna BC Canada
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15
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Wray DW, Amann M, Richardson RS. Peripheral vascular function, oxygen delivery and utilization: the impact of oxidative stress in aging and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:149-166. [PMID: 27392715 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aging process appears to be a precursor to many age-related diseases, perhaps the most impactful of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heart disease, a manifestation of CVD, is the leading cause of death in the USA, and heart failure (HF), a syndrome that develops as a consequence of heart disease, now affects almost six million American. Importantly, as this is an age-related disease, this number is likely to grow along with the ever-increasing elderly population. Hallmarks of the aging process and HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) include exercise intolerance, premature fatigue, and limited oxygen delivery and utilization, perhaps as a consequence of diminished peripheral vascular function. Free radicals and oxidative stress have been implicated in this peripheral vascular dysfunction, as a redox imbalance may directly impact the function of the vascular endothelium. This review aims to bring together studies that have examined the impact of oxidative stress on peripheral vascular function and oxygen delivery and utilization with both healthy aging and HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Walter Wray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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16
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Vidal K, Robinson N, Ives SJ. Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13225. [PMID: 28364030 PMCID: PMC5392515 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in oxidative stress or decreases in antioxidant capacity, or redox imbalance, are known to alter physiological function and has been suggested to influence performance. To date, no study has sought to manipulate this balance in the same participants and observe the impact on physiological function and performance. Using a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, and counterbalanced design, this study examined the effects of increasing free radicals, via hyperoxic exposure (FiO2 = 1.0), and/or increasing antioxidant capacity, through consuming an antioxidant cocktail (AOC; vitamin‐C, vitamin‐E, α‐lipoic acid), on 5‐kilometer (km) cycling time‐trial performance, and the physiological and fatigue responses in healthy college‐aged males. Hyperoxic exposure prior to the 5 km TT had no effect on performance, fatigue, or the physiological responses to exercise. The AOC significantly reduced average power output (222 ± 11 vs. 214 ± 12 W), increased 5 km time (516 ± 17 vs. 533 ± 18 sec), suppressed ventilation (VE; 116 ± 5 vs. 109 ± 13 L/min), despite similar oxygen consumption (VO2; 43.1 ± 0.8 vs. 44.9 ± 0.2 mL/kg per min), decreased VE/VO2 (35.9 ± 2.0 vs. 32.3 ± 1.5 L/min), reduced economy (VO2/W; 0.20 ± 0.01 vs. 0.22 ± 0.01), increased blood lactate (10 ± 0.7 vs. 11 ± 0.7 mmol), and perception of fatigue (RPE; 7.39 ± 0.4 vs. 7.60 ± 0.3) at the end of the TT, as compared to placebo (main effect, placebo vs. AOC, respectively). Our data demonstrate that prior to exercise, ingesting an AOC, but not exposure to hyperoxia, likely disrupts the delicate balance between pro‐ and antioxidant forces, which negatively impacts ventilation, blood lactate, economy, perception of fatigue, and performance (power output and 5 km time) in young healthy males. Thus, caution is warranted in athletes taking excess exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavey Vidal
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Nathaniel Robinson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
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17
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Iepsen UW, Munch GW, Ryrsø CK, Secher NH, Lange P, Thaning P, Pedersen BK, Mortensen SP. Muscle α-adrenergic responsiveness during exercise and ATP-induced vasodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H180-H187. [PMID: 29030339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00398.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic vasoconstriction is blunted in exercising muscle (functional sympatholysis) but becomes attenuated with age. We tested the hypothesis that functional sympatholysis is further impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We determined leg blood flow and calculated leg vascular conductance (LVC) during 1) femoral-arterial Tyramine infusion (evokes endogenous norepinephrine release, 1 µmol·min-1·kg leg mass-1), 2) one-legged knee extensor exercise with and without Tyramine infusion [10 W and 20% of maximal workload (WLmax)], 3) ATP (0.05 µmol·min-1·kg leg mass-1) and Tyramine infusion, and 4) incremental ATP infusions (0.05, 0.3, and 3.0 µmol·min-1·kg leg mass-1). We included 10 patients with moderate to severe COPD and 8 age-matched healthy control subjects. Overall, leg blood flow and LVC were lower in COPD patients during exercise ( P < 0.05). Tyramine reduced LVC in both groups at 10-W exercise (COPD: -3 ± 1 ml·min-1·mmHg-1 and controls: -3 ± 1 ml·min-1·mmHg-1, P < 0.05) and 20% WLmax (COPD: -4 ± 1 ml·min-1·mmHg-1 and controls: -3 ± 1 ml·min-1·mmHg-1, P < 0.05) with no difference between groups. Incremental ATP infusions induced dose-dependent vasodilation with no difference between groups, and, in addition, the vasoconstrictor response to Tyramine infused together with ATP was not different between groups (COPD: -0.03 ± 0.01 l·min-1·kg leg mass-1 vs. CONTROLS -0.04 ± 0.01 l·min-1·kg leg mass-1, P > 0.05). Compared with age-matched healthy control subjects, the vasodilatory response to ATP is intact in COPD patients and their ability to blunt sympathetic vasoconstriction (functional sympatholysis) as evaluated by intra-arterial Tyramine during exercise or ATP infusion is maintained. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ability to blunt sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising muscle and ATP-induced dilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients remains unexplored. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients demonstrated similar sympathetic vasoconstriction in response to intra-arterial Tyramine during exercise and ATP-induced vasodilation compared with age-matched healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- U W Iepsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - G W Munch
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - C K Ryrsø
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - N H Secher
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - P Lange
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Medical Department O, Respiratory Section, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - P Thaning
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Medical Department O, Respiratory Section, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - B K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - S P Mortensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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18
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Iepsen UW, Munch GW, Rugbjerg M, Ryrsø CK, Secher NH, Hellsten Y, Lange P, Pedersen BK, Thaning P, Mortensen SP. Leg blood flow is impaired during small muscle mass exercise in patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:624-631. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00178.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle blood flow is regulated to match the oxygen demand and dysregulation could contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured leg hemodynamics and metabolites from vasoactive compounds in muscle interstitial fluid and plasma at rest, during one-legged knee-extensor exercise, and during arterial infusions of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (ACh), respectively. Ten patients with moderate to severe COPD and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. During knee-extensor exercise (10 W), leg blood flow was lower in the patients compared with the controls (1.82 ± 0.11 vs. 2.36 ± 0.14 l/min, respectively; P < 0.05), which compromised leg oxygen delivery (372 ± 26 vs. 453 ± 32 ml O2/min, respectively; P < 0.05). At rest, plasma endothelin-1 (vasoconstrictor) was higher in the patients with COPD ( P < 0.05) and also tended to be higher during exercise ( P = 0.07), whereas the formation of interstitial prostacyclin (vasodilator) was only increased in the controls. There was no difference between groups in the nitrite/nitrate levels (vasodilator) in plasma or interstitial fluid during exercise. Moreover, patients and controls showed similar vasodilatory capacity in response to both endothelium-independent (SNP) and endothelium-dependent (ACh) stimulation. The results suggest that leg muscle blood flow is impaired during small muscle mass exercise in patients with COPD possibly due to impaired formation of prostacyclin and increased levels of endothelin-1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a reduced blood flow to skeletal muscle during small muscle mass exercise. In contrast to healthy individuals, interstitial prostacyclin levels did not increase during exercise and plasma endothelin-1 levels were higher in the patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. W. Iepsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. W. Munch
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Rugbjerg
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C. K. Ryrsø
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. H. Secher
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y. Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Lange
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - B. K. Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Thaning
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - S. P. Mortensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Hirai DM, Jones JH, Zelt JT, da Silva ML, Bentley RF, Edgett BA, Gurd BJ, Tschakovsky ME, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Oral N-acetylcysteine and exercise tolerance in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1351-1361. [PMID: 28255088 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00990.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heightened oxidative stress is implicated in the progressive impairment of skeletal muscle vascular and mitochondrial function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether accumulation of reactive oxygen species contributes to exercise intolerance in the early stages of COPD is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of oral antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on respiratory, cardiovascular, and locomotor muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with mild COPD. Thirteen patients [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)-to-forced vital capacity ratio < lower limit of normal (LLN) and FEV1 ≥ LLN) were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized crossover study to receive NAC (1,800 mg/day) or placebo for 4 days. Severe-intensity constant-load exercise tests were performed with noninvasive measurements of central hemodynamics (stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output via impedance cardiography), arterial blood pressure, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange, quadriceps muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and estimated capillary blood flow. Nine patients completed the study with no major adverse clinical effects. Although NAC elevated plasma glutathione by ~27% compared with placebo (P < 0.05), there were no differences in exercise tolerance (placebo: 325 ± 47 s, NAC: 336 ± 51 s), central hemodynamics, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary ventilation or gas exchange, locomotor muscle oxygenation, or capillary blood flow from rest to exercise between conditions (P > 0.05 for all). In conclusion, modulation of plasma redox status with oral NAC treatment was not translated into beneficial effects on central or peripheral components of the oxygen transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in nonhypoxemic patients with mild COPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) elevated plasma glutathione but did not modulate central or peripheral components of the O2 transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Hirai
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; .,Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua H Jones
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel T Zelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne L da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Robert F Bentley
- Human Vascular Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- Queen's Muscle Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- Queen's Muscle Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Michael E Tschakovsky
- Human Vascular Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Trinity JD, Broxterman RM, Richardson RS. Regulation of exercise blood flow: Role of free radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:90-102. [PMID: 26876648 PMCID: PMC4975999 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During exercise, oxygen and nutrient rich blood must be delivered to the active skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and brain through the complex and highly regulated integration of central and peripheral hemodynamic factors. Indeed, even minor alterations in blood flow to these organs have profound consequences on exercise capacity by modifying the development of fatigue. Therefore, the fine-tuning of blood flow is critical for optimal physical performance. At the level of the peripheral circulation, blood flow is regulated by a balance between the mechanisms responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Once thought of as toxic by-products of in vivo chemistry, free radicals are now recognized as important signaling molecules that exert potent vasoactive responses that are dependent upon the underlying balance between oxidation-reduction reactions or redox balance. Under normal healthy conditions with low levels of oxidative stress, free radicals promote vasodilation, which is attenuated with exogenous antioxidant administration. Conversely, with advancing age and disease where background oxidative stress is elevated, an exercise-induced increase in free radicals can further shift the redox balance to a pro-oxidant state, impairing vasodilation and attenuating blood flow. Under these conditions, exogenous antioxidants improve vasodilatory capacity and augment blood flow by restoring an "optimal" redox balance. Interestingly, while the active skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and brain all have unique functions during exercise, the mechanisms by which free radicals contribute to the regulation of blood flow is remarkably preserved across each of these varied target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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