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Angelini A, Trial J, Saltzman AB, Malovannaya A, Cieslik KA. A defective mechanosensing pathway affects fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in the old male mouse heart. iScience 2023; 26:107283. [PMID: 37520701 PMCID: PMC10372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast interacts with an extracellular matrix (ECM), enabling myofibroblast maturation via a process called mechanosensing. Although in the aging male heart, ECM is stiffer than in the young mouse, myofibroblast development is impaired, as demonstrated in 2-D and 3-D experiments. In old male cardiac fibroblasts, we found a decrease in actin polymerization, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Kindlin-2 expressions, the latter an effector of the mechanosensing. When Kindlin-2 levels were manipulated via siRNA interference, young fibroblasts developed an old-like fibroblast phenotype, whereas Kindlin-2 overexpression in old fibroblasts reversed the defective phenotype. Finally, inhibition of overactivated extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the old male fibroblasts rescued actin polymerization and α-SMA expression. Pathological ERK1/2 overactivation was also attenuated by Kindlin-2 overexpression. In contrast, old female cardiac fibroblasts retained an operant mechanosensing pathway. In conclusion, we identified defective components of the Kindlin/ERK/actin/α-SMA mechanosensing axis in aged male fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander B. Saltzman
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katarzyna A. Cieslik
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Guo R, Wang X, Guo Q, Yan Y, Gong W, Zheng W, Zhao G, Wang H, Xu L, Nie S. Cardiac magnetic resonance shows increased adverse ventricular remodeling in younger patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4637-4647. [PMID: 36700954 PMCID: PMC10289996 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young patients account for about half of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and display a unique risk profile compared with old patients. Whether these differences are related to disparities in ventricular remodeling remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate age-related differences in ventricular remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI. METHODS In this observational study, consecutive STEMI patients between October 2019 and March 2021 who underwent serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance at index admission (3 to 7 days) and 3 months after PPCI were enrolled. Adverse remodeling was defined as ≥ 10% enlargement in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), while reverse remodeling was defined as a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) of more than 10%. RESULTS A total of 123 patients were included and grouped into young (< 60 years, n = 71) and old (≥ 60 years, n = 52) patients. Despite generally similar baseline structural and infarct characteristics, LVESVi significantly decreased only in old patients during follow-up (p = 0.034). The incidence of adverse remodeling was higher (49.3% vs 30.8%, p = 0.039), while the incidence of reverse remodeling was lower (31.0% vs 53.8%, p = 0.011) in young compared with old patients. Younger age (< 60 years) was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse remodeling (adjusted OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.41-8.74, p = 0.007) and lower incidence of reverse remodeling (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.97, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients. Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients with STEMI compared with their older counterparts. KEY POINTS • In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients displayed unfavorable remodeling compared with old patients. • Young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients. • Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients compared with their older counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qian Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guanqi Zhao
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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Ferrer M, Anthony TG, Ayres JS, Biffi G, Brown JC, Caan BJ, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Coll AP, Dunne RF, Goncalves MD, Grethlein J, Heymsfield SB, Hui S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Lam JM, Lewis DY, McCandlish D, Mustian KM, O'Rahilly S, Perrimon N, White EP, Janowitz T. Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease. Cell 2023; 186:1824-1845. [PMID: 37116469 PMCID: PMC11059056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, a systemic wasting condition, is considered a late consequence of diseases, including cancer, organ failure, or infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The induction process and mechanistic progression of cachexia are incompletely understood. Refocusing academic efforts away from advanced cachexia to the etiology of cachexia may enable discoveries of new therapeutic approaches. Here, we review drivers, mechanisms, organismal predispositions, evidence for multi-organ interaction, model systems, clinical research, trials, and care provision from early onset to late cachexia. Evidence is emerging that distinct inflammatory, metabolic, and neuro-modulatory drivers can initiate processes that ultimately converge on advanced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ferrer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giulia Biffi
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | | | - Anthony P Coll
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard F Dunne
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jonas Grethlein
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jie Min Lam
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David McCandlish
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Karen M Mustian
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen P White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
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4
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. Experimental heart failure models in small animals. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:533-554. [PMID: 36504404 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most critical health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. HF is a disease that occurs due to a pathological change arising from the function or structure of the heart tissue and usually progresses. Numerous experimental HF models have been created to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause HF. An understanding of the pathophysiology of HF is essential for the development of novel efficient therapies. During the past few decades, animal models have provided new insights into the complex pathogenesis of HF. Success in the pathophysiology and treatment of HF has been achieved by using animal models of HF. The development of new in vivo models is critical for evaluating treatments such as gene therapy, mechanical devices, and new surgical approaches. However, each animal model has advantages and limitations, and none of these models is suitable for studying all aspects of HF. Therefore, the researchers have to choose an appropriate experimental model that will fully reflect HF. Despite some limitations, these animal models provided a significant advance in the etiology and pathogenesis of HF. Also, experimental HF models have led to the development of new treatments. In this review, we discussed widely used experimental HF models that continue to provide critical information for HF patients and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye.
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5
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Shiraishi M, Yamaguchi A, Suzuki K. Nrg1/ErbB signaling-mediated regulation of fibrosis after myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22150. [PMID: 34997943 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101428rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate fibrotic tissue formation after myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial to the maintenance of the heart's structure. M2-like macrophages play a vital role in post-MI fibrosis by activating cardiac fibroblasts. Because the mechanism by which post-MI cardiac fibrosis is regulated is not fully understood, we investigated, in vitro and in vivo, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of post-MI fibrotic tissue formation, especially those related to the regulation of cellular senescence and apoptosis. CD206+ F4/80+ CD11b+ M2-like macrophages collected from mouse hearts on post-MI day 7 showed increased expression of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1). Nrg1 receptor epidermal growth factor receptors ErbB2 and ErbB4 were expressed on cardiac fibroblasts in the infarct area. M2-like macrophage-derived Nrg1 suppressed both hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence and apoptosis of fibroblasts, whereas blockade of ErbB function significantly accelerated both processes. M2-like macrophage-derived Nrg1/ErbB/PI3K/Akt signaling, shown to be related to anti-senescence, was activated in damaged cardiac fibroblasts. Interestingly, systemic blockade of ErbB function in MI model mice enhanced senescence and apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts and exacerbated inflammation. Further, increased accumulation of M2-like macrophages resulted in excessive post-MI progression of fibrosis in mice hearts. The molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of fibrotic tissue formation in the infarcted myocardium was shown in part to be attenuation of apoptosis and senescence of cardiac fibroblasts by the activation of Nrg1/ErbB/PI3K/Akt signaling. M2-like macrophage-mediated regulation of Nrg1/ErbB signaling has a substantial effect on fibrotic tissue formation in the infarcted adult mouse heart and is critical for suppressing the progression of senescence and apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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6
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Cherneva Z, Valev D, Youroukova V, Cherneva R. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a step forward in cardiovascular comorbidome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247940. [PMID: 33684166 PMCID: PMC7939359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) augments the likelihood of having left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD)–precursor of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVDD shares overlapping symptomatology (cough and dyspnea) with COPD. Stress induced LVDD is indicative of masked HFpEF. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory, oxidative stress, cardio-pulmonary and echocardiographic parameters at rest for the diagnosis of stress LVDD in non-severe COPD patients, who complain of exertional dyspnea and are free of overt cardiovascular diseases. A total of 104 COPD patients (26 patients with mild and 78 with moderate COPD) underwent echocardiography before cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and 1–2 minutes after peak exercise. Patients were divided into two groups based on peak average E/e’: patients with stress induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD)—E/e’ > 15 masked HFpEF and patients without LVDD—without masked HFpEF. CPET and echocardiographic parameters at rest were measured and their predictive value for stress E/e’ was analysed. Markers for inflammation (resistin, prostaglandine E2) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes) were also determined. Stress induced LVDD occurred in 67/104 patients (64%). Those patients showed higher VE/VCO2 slope. None of the CPET parameters was an independent predictor for stress LVDD.Except for prostglandine E2, none of the inflammatory or oxidative stress markers correlated to stress E/e’. The best independent predictors for stress LVDD (masked HFpEF) were RAVI, right ventricular parasternal diameter and RV E/A >0.75. Their combination predicted stress LVDD with the accuracy of 91.2%. There is a high prevalence of masked HFpEF in non-severe COPD with exertional dyspnea, free of overt cardiovascular disease. RAVI, right ventricular parasternal diameter and RV E/A >0.75 were the only independent clinical predictors of masked HFpEF. 288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheina Cherneva
- Medical Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sofia, Bulgaria
- * E-mail:
| | - Dinko Valev
- University First Multiple Clinic for Active Treatment, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vania Youroukova
- University Hospital for Respiratory Diseases“St. Sophia”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Cherneva
- University Hospital for Respiratory Diseases“St. Sophia”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Effect of captopril on post-infarction remodelling visualized by light sheet microscopy and echocardiography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5241. [PMID: 33664407 PMCID: PMC7933438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, among them captopril, improve survival following myocardial infarction (MI). The mechanisms of captopril action remain inadequately understood due to its diverse effects on multiple signalling pathways at different time periods following MI. Here we aimed to establish the role of captopril in late-stage post-MI remodelling. Left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation or sham surgery was carried out in male C57BL/6J mice. Seven days post-surgery LAD ligated mice were allocated to daily vehicle or captopril treatment continued over four weeks. To provide comprehensive characterization of the changes in mouse heart following MI a 3D light sheet imaging method was established together with automated image analysis workflow. The combination of echocardiography and light sheet imaging enabled to assess cardiac function and the underlying morphological changes. We show that delayed captopril treatment does not affect infarct size but prevents left ventricle dilation and hypertrophy, resulting in improved ejection fraction. Quantification of lectin perfused blood vessels showed improved vascular density in the infarct border zone in captopril treated mice in comparison to vehicle dosed control mice. These results validate the applicability of combined echocardiographic and light sheet assessment of drug mode of action in preclinical cardiovascular research.
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9
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Lee TM, Harn HJ, Chiou TW, Chuang MH, Chen CH, Chuang CH, Lin PC, Lin SZ. Host pre-conditioning improves human adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in ageing rats after myocardial infarction: Role of NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12272-12284. [PMID: 33022900 PMCID: PMC7686984 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional decline of stem cell transplantation in ageing hosts is well documented. The mechanism for this is poorly understood, although it is known that advancing age does not provide an optimal milieu for exogenous stem cells to survive, engraft and differentiate. We showed that n‐butylidenephthalide improved human adipose–derived stem cell (hADSC) engraftment via attenuating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It remained unclear whether pre‐treated hosts with n‐butylidenephthalide can rejuvenate the ageing heart and improve hADSC engraftment by regulating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. One hour after coronary ligation, hADSCs were transplanted into the hearts of young and ageing Wistar rats that were pre‐treated with or without n‐butylidenephthalide for 3 days. At day 3 after infarction, myocardial infarction was associated with an increase in ROS levels and NLRP3 inflammasome activity with age. hADSC transplant effectively provided a significant decrease in ROS levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, IL‐1β levels and cardiac fibrosis in either young or old infarcted rats. However, the beneficial effects of hADSCs were greater in young compared with old rats in terms of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. The infarcted ageing rats pre‐conditioned by n‐butylidenephthalide improved engraftment and differentiation of hADSCs and additionally attenuated cardiac fibrosis compared with hADSCs alone. The anti‐inflammation effects of n‐butylidenephthalide were reversed by SIN‐1. In conclusions, the increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity plays the pathogenesis of ageing‐related functional hADSC decline in the ageing hosts. n‐butylidenephthalide‐pre‐treated ageing hosts reversibly ameliorate the harsh microenvironments, improve stem cell engraftment and attenuate cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chuang
- Department of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Po-Cheng Lin
- Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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10
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Trial J, Cieslik KA. Changes in cardiac resident fibroblast physiology and phenotype in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H745-H755. [PMID: 29906228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to activate a canonical transforming growth factor-β-Smad pathway and differentiate poorly into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction. In contrast, in the uninjured aged heart, fibroblasts are activated and acquire a profibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure. There is an apparent paradox in aging, wherein reparative fibrosis is impaired but interstitial, adverse fibrosis is augmented. This could be explained by analyzing the effectiveness of signaling pathways in resident fibroblasts from young versus aged hearts. Whereas defective signaling by transforming growth factor-β leads to insufficient scar formation by myofibroblasts, enhanced activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may be responsible for interstitial fibrosis mediated by activated fibroblasts. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fibroblast-phenotypic-changes-in-the-aging-heart/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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11
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Kwiatkowski P, Sai-Sudhakar C, Philips A, Parthasarathy S, Sun B. Development of a Novel Large Animal Model of Ischemic Heart Failure Using Autologous Platelet Aggregates. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Current animal models of heart failure lack the biomass of thrombus that occurs in patients undergoing myocardial infarction. We propose a novel animal model of ischemic cardiomyopathy developed by sequential direct injections of autologous platelet aggregates into the coronary circulation resulting in development of ischemic cardiac insufficiency. Methods Autologous platelets from adult sheep were isolated and aggregated. Aggregated platelets were then injected into the coronary circulation of anesthetized animals under fluoroscopic guidance. Troponin I levels were monitored for first three days after embolization to validate cardiac tissue injury. Progression of heart failure was corroborated by monitoring changes in echo-based assessment of ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions. Thrombus-based obstruction of coronary artery was confirmed with histopathology review by mepacrine labeling of pre-aggregated platelets. Results All experimental animals developed heart failure-like cardiac insufficiency confirmed by elevated levels of troponin I and associated with significant drop in the ejection fraction. Conclusions Sequential injections of aggregated platelets into coronary circulation lead to progressive development of ischemic cardiac insufficiency. This phenomenon seems to mimic development of ischemic heart failure seen in human patients and opens multiple research opportunities to fill the existing gap between basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kwiatkowski
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH - USA
| | - Chittoor Sai-Sudhakar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH - USA
| | - Angela Philips
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH - USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH - USA
| | - Benjamin Sun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH - USA
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12
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Strom J, Chen QM. Loss of Nrf2 promotes rapid progression to heart failure following myocardial infarction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Lim S, McMahon CD, Matthews KG, Devlin GP, Elston MS, Conaglen JV. Absence of Myostatin Improves Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:693-701. [PMID: 28690022 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin inhibits the development of skeletal muscle and regulates the proliferation of skeletal muscle fibroblasts. However, the role of myostatin in regulating cardiac muscle or myofibroblasts, specifically in acute myocardial infarction (MI), is less clear. This study sought to determine whether absence of myostatin altered left ventricular function post-MI. METHODS Myostatin-null mice (Mstn-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending artery to induce MI. Left ventricular function was measured at baseline, days 1 and 28 post-MI. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were obtained at day 28 for cellular proliferation, collagen deposition, and myofibroblastic activity. RESULTS Whilst left ventricular function at baseline and size of infarct were similar, significant differences in favour of Mstn-/- compared to WT mice post-MI include a greater recovery of ejection fraction (61.8±1.1% vs 57.1±2.3%, p<0.01), less collagen deposition (41.9±2.8% vs 54.7±3.4%, p<0.05), and lower mortality (0 vs. 20%, p<0.05). There was no difference in the number of BrdU positive cells, percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, or size of cardiomyocytes post-MI between WT and Mstn-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Absence of myostatin potentially protects the function of the heart post-MI with improved survival, possibly by limiting extent of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Lim
- Waikato Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris D McMahon
- Developmental Biology Group, AgResearch Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Gerard P Devlin
- Waikato Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marianne S Elston
- Waikato Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John V Conaglen
- Waikato Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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With mouse age comes wisdom: A review and suggestions of relevant mouse models for age-related conditions. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:54-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Daniel LL, Scofield SLC, Thrasher P, Dalal S, Daniels CR, Foster CR, Singh M, Singh K. Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase deficiency exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling late after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H445-52. [PMID: 27288435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00338.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM), a cell cycle checkpoint protein, is activated in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. We have previously shown that ATM deficiency is associated with increased apoptosis and fibrosis and attenuation of cardiac dysfunction early (1-7 days) following myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced fibrosis and apoptosis, as observed early post-MI during ATM deficiency, exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in ATM-deficient mice late post-MI. MIs were induced in wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Left ventricular (LV) structural and functional parameters were assessed by echocardiography 14 and 28 days post-MI, whereas biochemical parameters were measured 28 days post-MI. hKO-MI mice exhibited exacerbated LV dysfunction as observed by increased LV end-systolic volume and decreased percent fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Infarct size and thickness were not different between the two genotypes. Myocyte cross-sectional area was greater in hKO-MI group. The hKO-MI group exhibited increased fibrosis in the noninfarct and higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast marker) in the infarct region. Apoptosis and activation of GSK-3β (proapoptotic kinase) were significantly lower in the infarct region of hKO-MI group. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expression was not different between the two genotypes. However, MMP-9 expression was significantly lower in the noninfarct region of hKO-MI group. Thus ATM deficiency exacerbates cardiac remodeling late post-MI with effects on cardiac function, fibrosis, apoptosis, and myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Daniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Patsy Thrasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Christopher R Daniels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Cerrone R Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee; Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee; James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, Johnson City, Tennessee
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16
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Connelly KA, Advani A, Zhang Y, Advani SL, Kabir G, Abadeh A, Desjardins JF, Mitchell M, Thai K, Gilbert RE. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition improves cardiac function in experimental myocardial infarction: Role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α. J Diabetes 2016; 8:63-75. [PMID: 25565455 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to degrading glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inactivates several chemokines, including stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a pro-angiogenic and cardiomyocyte protective protein. We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibition may confer benefit following myocardial infarction (MI) in the diabetic setting as a consequence of enhanced SDF-1α availability rather than potentiating GLP-1. To test this we compared the effects of saxagliptin with those of liraglutide and used the SDF-1α receptor (CXCR4) antagonist plerixafor. METHODS Studies were conducted in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Rats were randomized to receive saxagliptin (10 mg/kg per day), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.), plerixafor (1 mg/kg per day, s.c.), saxagliptin plus plerixafor or vehicle (1% phosphate-buffered saline). Two weeks later, rats underwent experimental MI, with cardiac function examined 4 weeks after MI. RESULTS Glycemic control and MI size were similar in all groups. Four weeks after MI, mortality was reduced in saxagliptin-treated rats compared with vehicle treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, rats receiving saxagliptin had improved cardiac function compared with vehicle-treated rats (P < 0.05). Antagonism of CXCR4 prevented the improvement in cardiac function in saxagliptin-treated rats and was associated with increased mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Saxagliptin-mediated DPP-4 inhibition, but not liraglutide-mediated GLP-1R agonism, improved cardiac function after MI independent of glucose lowering. These findings suggest that non-GLP-1 actions of DPP-4 inhibition, such as SDF-1α potentiation, mediate biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Abadeh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Desjardins
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived inflammatory fibroblasts mediate interstitial fibrosis in the aging heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 91:28-34. [PMID: 26718722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic fibrosis in the aging mouse heart is associated with dysregulated resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) arising from reduced stemness and aberrant differentiation into dysfunctional inflammatory fibroblasts. Fibroblasts derived from aging MSC secrete higher levels of 1) collagen type 1 (Col1) that directly contributes to fibrosis, 2) monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) that attracts leukocytes from the blood and 3) interleukin-6 (IL-6) that facilitates transition of monocytes into myeloid fibroblasts. The transcriptional activation of these proteins is controlled via the farnesyltransferase (FTase)-Ras-Erk pathway. The intrinsic change in the MSC phenotype acquired by advanced age is specific for the heart since MSC originating from bone wall (BW-MSC) or fibroblasts derived from them were free of these defects. The potential therapeutic interventions other than clinically approved strategies based on findings presented in this review are discussed as well. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "Fibrosis and Myocardial Remodeling".
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18
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The Long-Term Consumption of Ginseng Extract Reduces the Susceptibility of Intermediate-Aged Hearts to Acute Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144733. [PMID: 26650753 PMCID: PMC4674091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of experimental studies using young adult subjects have shown that ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) protects against ischemia heart disease. However, ginseng has not been explored for its anti-I/R effect and mechanism of action in the aged myocardium. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the long-term consumption of ginseng extract on myocardial I/R in an in vivo rat model and explore the potential underlying mechanism. Methods and Results Young (6-mo-old) and intermediate-aged (18-mo-old) rats were gavaged with either standardized ginseng extract (RSE) at 80 mg/kg or vehicle for 90 days. The rats were sacrificed after LAD coronary artery ligation was performed to induce 30 min of ischemia, followed by 90 min of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size was measured. Left ventricular function was evaluated using pressure-volume loops. The levels of survival, apoptotic and longevity protein expression were assessed through Western blot analysis. Myocardial pathology was detected through H&E or Masson’s trichrome staining. We observed higher infarct expansion with impairment in the LV functional parameters, such as LVSP and LVEDP, in aged rats compared with young rats. Enhanced Akt phosphorylation and eNOS expression in RSE-treated aged hearts were accompanied with reduced infarct size, improved cardiac performance, and inducted survival signals. In contrast, p-Erk and caspase 7 were significantly downregulated in aged rats, suggesting that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was suppressed after RSE treatment. RSE also inhibited caspase-3/7 activation and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Consistent with the results of apoptosis, Sirt1 and Sirt3 were significantly increased in the RSE-treated aged heart compared with vehicle-treated I/R, suggesting that the anti-aging effect was correlated with the anti-apoptotic activity of RSE. Conclusion These findings suggest that the long-term consumption of ginseng extract reduced the susceptibility of intermediate-aged hearts to acute ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. These effects might be mediated through the activation of Akt/eNOS, suppression of Erk/caspase 7 and upregulation of Sirt1 and Sirt3 in intermediate-aged rats.
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19
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Slámová K, Papoušek F, Janovská P, Kopecký J, Kolář F. Adverse effects of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2-subunit deletion and high-fat diet on heart function and ischemic tolerance in aged female mice. Physiol Res 2015; 65:33-42. [PMID: 26596312 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in metabolic regulation under stress conditions, and inadequate AMPK signaling may be also involved in aging process. The aim was to find out whether AMPK alpha2-subunit deletion affects heart function and ischemic tolerance of adult and aged mice. AMPK alpha2(-/-) (KO) and wild type (WT) female mice were compared at the age of 6 and 18 months. KO mice exhibited subtle myocardial AMPK alpha2-subunit protein level, but no difference in AMPK alpha1-subunit was detected between the strains. Both alpha1- and alpha2-subunits of AMPK and their phosphorylation decreased with advanced age. Left ventricular fractional shortening was lower in KO than in WT mice of both age groups and this difference was maintained after high-fat feeding. Infarct size induced by global ischemia/reperfusion of isolated hearts was similar in both strains at 6 months of age. Aged WT but not KO mice exhibited improved ischemic tolerance compared with the younger group. High-fat feeding for 6 months during aging abolished the infarct size-reduction in WT without affecting KO animals; nevertheless, the extent of injury remained larger in KO mice. The results demonstrate that adverse effects of AMPK alpha2-subunit deletion and high-fat feeding on heart function and myocardial ischemic tolerance in aged female mice are not additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slámová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Araki S, Izumiya Y, Rokutanda T, Ianni A, Hanatani S, Kimura Y, Onoue Y, Senokuchi T, Yoshizawa T, Yasuda O, Koitabashi N, Kurabayashi M, Braun T, Bober E, Yamagata K, Ogawa H. Sirt7 Contributes to Myocardial Tissue Repair by Maintaining Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway. Circulation 2015. [PMID: 26202810 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirt7, 1 of the 7 members of the mammalian sirtuin family, promotes oncogenic transformation. Tumor growth and metastasis require fibrotic and angiogenic responses. Here, we investigated the role of Sirt7 in cardiovascular tissue repair process. METHODS AND RESULTS In wild-type mice, Sirt7 expression increased in response to acute cardiovascular injury, including myocardial infarction and hind-limb ischemia, particularly at the active wound healing site. Compared with wild-type mice, homozygous Sirt7-deficient (Sirt7(-/-)) mice showed susceptibility to cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction, delayed blood flow recovery after hind-limb ischemia, and impaired wound healing after skin injury. Histological analysis showed reduced fibrosis, fibroblast differentiation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the border zone of infarction in Sirt7(-/-) mice. In vitro, Sirt7(-/-) mouse-derived or Sirt7 siRNA-treated cardiac fibroblasts showed reduced transforming growth factor-β signal activation and low expression levels of fibrosis-related genes compared with wild-type mice-derived or control siRNA-treated cells. These changes were accompanied by reduction in transforming growth factor receptor I protein. Loss of Sirt7 activated autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-β receptor I downregulation induced by loss of Sirt7 was blocked by autophagy inhibitor, and interaction of Sirt7 with protein interacting with protein kinase-Cα was involved in this process. CONCLUSION Sirt7 maintains transforming growth factor receptor I by modulating autophagy and is involved in the tissue repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Araki
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.).
| | - Taku Rokutanda
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Shinsuke Hanatani
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Yoshiro Onoue
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Takafumi Senokuchi
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Osamu Yasuda
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Eva Bober
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- From Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.A., Y.I., T.R., S.H., Y.K., Y.O., H.O.) and Medical Biochemistry (T.S., T.Y., K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (A.I., T.B., E.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Clinical and Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan (O.Y.); and Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (N.K., M.K.)
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21
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Greco S, Gorospe M, Martelli F. Noncoding RNA in age-related cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:142-55. [PMID: 25640162 PMCID: PMC5509469 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is tightly regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by a host of noncoding (nc)RNAs. The best-studied class of short ncRNAs, microRNAs, mainly repress gene expression post-transcriptionally. Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, which comprise RNAs differing widely in length and function, can regulate gene transcription as well as post-transcriptional mRNA fate. Collectively, ncRNAs affect a broad range of age-related physiologic deteriorations and pathologies, including reduced cardiovascular vigor and age-associated cardiovascular disease. This review presents an update of our understanding of regulatory ncRNAs contributing to cardiovascular health and disease as a function of advancing age. We will discuss (1) regulatory ncRNAs that control aging-associated cardiovascular homeostasis and disease, (2) the concepts, approaches, and methodologies needed to study regulatory ncRNAs in cardiovascular aging and (3) the challenges and opportunities that age-associated regulatory ncRNAs present in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "CV Aging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, Milan, 20097, Italy.
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22
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Pinto AR, Godwin JW, Chandran A, Hersey L, Ilinykh A, Debuque R, Wang L, Rosenthal NA. Age-related changes in tissue macrophages precede cardiac functional impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:399-413. [PMID: 24861132 PMCID: PMC4069267 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue macrophages (cTMs) are abundant in the murine heart but the extent to which the cTM phenotype changes with age is unknown. This study characterizes aging-dependent phenotypic changes in cTM subsets. Using the Cx3cr1GFP/+ mouse reporter line where GFP marks cTMs, and the tissue macrophage marker Mrc1, we show that two major cardiac tissue macrophage subsets, Mrc1−GFPhi and Mrc1+GFPhi cTMs, are present in the young (<10 week old) mouse heart, and a third subset, Mrc1+GFPlo, comprises ~50% of total Mrc1+ cTMs from 30 weeks of age. Immunostaining and functional assays show that Mrc1+ cTMs are the principal myeloid sentinels in the mouse heart and that they retain proliferative capacity throughout life. Gene expression profiles of the two Mrc1+ subsets also reveal that Mrc1+GFPlo cTMs have a decreased number of immune response genes (Cx3cr1, Lpar6, CD9, Cxcr4, Itga6 and Tgfβr1), and an increased number of fibrogenic genes (Ltc4s, Retnla, Fgfr1, Mmp9 and Ccl24), consistent with a potential role for cTMs in cardiac fibrosis. These findings identify early age-dependent gene expression changes in cTMs, with significant implications for cardiac tissue injury responses and aging-associated cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Pinto
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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23
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Boyle AJ, Hwang J, Ye J, Shih H, Jun K, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Sievers R, Yeghiazarians Y, Lee RJ. The effects of aging on apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 31:e102-10. [PMID: 24279384 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with higher incidence of heart failure and death following myocardial infarction (MI). The molecular and cellular changes that lead to these worse outcomes are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Young and aging mice underwent induction of MI by LAD ligation. There was a significant increase in mortality in the aging mice. Neither the young nor aging hearts after MI had inducible ventricular tachycardia. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis increases early after MI in young and aging mice, but to a much greater degree in the aging mice. Caspase inhibition with Ac-DEVD-CHO resulted in a 61% reduction in activated caspase-3 and an 84% reduction in apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in young mice (P < 0.05), but not in aging mice. Gene pathway profiling demonstrated activation of both the caspase and Map3k1/Mapk10 pathways in aging mice following MI, which may contribute to their resistance to caspase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Aging hearts activate distinct apoptotic pathways have more cardiomyocyte apoptosis and are resistant to antiapoptotic therapies following MI. Novel or combination approaches may be required to improve outcomes in aging patients following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Boyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Edyth and Eli Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Shivshankar P, Halade GV, Calhoun C, Escobar GP, Mehr AJ, Jimenez F, Martinez C, Bhatnagar H, Mjaatvedt CH, Lindsey ML, Le Saux CJ. Caveolin-1 deletion exacerbates cardiac interstitial fibrosis by promoting M2 macrophage activation in mice after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:84-93. [PMID: 25128086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure is driven by an imbalanced resolution of inflammation. The macrophage cell is an important control of post-MI inflammation, as macrophage subtypes secrete mediators to either promote inflammation and extend injury (M1 phenotype) or suppress inflammation and promote scar formation (M2 phenotype). We have previously shown that the absence of caveolin-1 (Cav1), a membrane scaffolding protein, is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in mice, but the mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. We explore here the role of Cav1 in the activation of macrophages using wild type C57BL6/J (WT) and Cav1(tm1Mls/J) (Cav1(-/-)) mice. By echocardiography, cardiac function was comparable between WT and Cav1(-/-) mice at 3days post-MI. In the absence of Cav1, there were a surprisingly higher percentage of M2 macrophages (arginase-1 positive) detected in the infarcted zone. Conversely, restoring Cav1 function after MI in WT mice by adding back the Cav1 scaffolding domain reduced the M2 activation profile. Further, adoptive transfer of Cav1 null macrophages into WT mice on d3 post-MI exacerbated adverse cardiac remodeling at d14 post-MI. In vitro studies revealed that Cav1 null macrophages had a more pronounced M2 profile activation in response to IL-4 stimulation. In conclusion, Cav1 deletion promotes an array of maladaptive repair processes after MI, including increased TGF-β signaling, increased M2 macrophage infiltration and dysregulation of the M1/M2 balance. Our data also suggest that cardiac remodeling can be improved by therapeutic intervention regulating Cav1 function during the inflammatory response phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cheresa Calhoun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gladys P Escobar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ali J Mehr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cindy Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Harshita Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Corey H Mjaatvedt
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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25
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Crawford JR, Taffet GE, Entman ML. Adverse fibrosis in the aging heart depends on signaling between myeloid and mesenchymal cells; role of inflammatory fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 70:56-63. [PMID: 24184998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with adverse fibrosis. Here we formulate a new hypothesis and present new evidence that unresponsiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and fibroblasts to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), due to reduced expression of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), provides a foundation for cardiac fibrosis in the aging heart via two mechanisms. 1) TGF-β promotes expression of Nanog, a transcription factor that retains MSC in a primitive state. In MSC derived from the aging heart, Nanog expression is reduced and therefore MSC gradually differentiate and the number of mesenchymal fibroblasts expressing collagen increases. 2) As TGF-β signaling pathway components negatively regulate transcription of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a reduced expression of TβRI prevents aging mesenchymal cells from shutting down their own MCP-1 expression. Elevated MCP-1 levels that originated from MSC attract transendothelial migration of mononuclear leukocytes from blood to the tissue. MCP-1 expressed by mesenchymal fibroblasts promotes further migration of monocytes and T lymphocytes away from the endothelial barrier and supports the monocyte transition into macrophages and finally into myeloid fibroblasts. Both myeloid and mesenchymal fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in the aging heart via collagen synthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Senescent cardiac fibroblast is critical for cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74535. [PMID: 24040275 PMCID: PMC3770549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a recognized mechanism of cardiovascular diseases; however, its contribution to myocardial fibrosis and rupture after infarction and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we showed that senescent cardiac fibroblasts markedly accumulated in heart after myocardial infarction. The expression of key senescence regulators, especially p53, was significantly up-regulated in the infarcted heart or hypoxia-treated fibroblasts. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous p53 by siRNA in fibroblasts markedly reduced hypoxia-induced cell senescence, cytokine expression but increased collagen expression, whereas increased expression of p53 protein by adenovirus infection had opposite effects. Consistent with in vitro results in cardiac fibroblasts, p53 deficiency in vivo significantly decreased the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts, the infiltration of macrophages and matrix metalloproteinases, but enhanced collagen deposition after myocardial infarction. In conclusion, these results suggest that the p53-mediated fibroblast senescence limits cardiac collagen production, and inhibition of p53 activity could represent a novel therapeutic target to increase reparative fibrosis and to prevent heart rupture after myocardial infarction.
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27
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Gomes AC, Falcão-Pires I, Pires AL, Brás-Silva C, Leite-Moreira AF. Rodent models of heart failure: an updated review. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 18:219-49. [PMID: 22446984 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. The study of HF requires reliable animal models to study the chronic changes and pharmacologic interventions in myocardial structure and function and to follow its progression toward HF. Indeed, during the past 40 years, basic and translational scientists have used small animal models to understand the pathophysiology of HF and find more efficient ways of preventing and managing patients suffering from congestive HF (CHF). Each species and each animal model has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of one model over another should take them into account for a good experimental design. The aim of this review is to describe and highlight the advantages and drawbacks of some commonly used HF rodents models, including both non-genetically and genetically engineered models, with a specific subchapter concerning diastolic HF models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Cieslik KA, Taffet GE, Crawford JR, Trial J, Mejia Osuna P, Entman ML. AICAR-dependent AMPK activation improves scar formation in the aged heart in a murine model of reperfused myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:26-36. [PMID: 23871790 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an endogenous pool of CD44(pos)CD45(neg) multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC differentiate into fibroblasts secreting collagen that forms a scar and mature into myofibroblasts that express alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) that stabilizes the scar. In the aging mouse, cardiac repair after MI is associated with impaired differentiation of MSC; MSC derived from the aged hearts form dysfunctional fibroblasts that deposit less collagen in response to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and poorly mature into myofibroblasts. We found in vitro that the defect in myofibroblast maturation can be remedied by AICAR, which activates non-canonical TGF-β signaling through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In the present study, we injected aged mice with AICAR and subjected them to 1h occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and then reperfusion for up to 30days. AICAR-dependent AMPK signaling led to mobilization of an endogenous CD44(pos)CD45(neg) MSC and its differentiation towards fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the infarct. This was accompanied by enhanced collagen deposition and collagen fiber maturation in the scar. The AICAR-treated group has demonstrated reduced adverse remodeling as indicated by improved apical end diastolic dimension but no changes in ejection fraction and cardiac output were observed. We concluded that these data indicate the novel, previously not described role of AMPK in the post-MI scar formation. These findings can potentially lead to a new therapeutic strategy for prevention of adverse remodeling in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Wang K, Zhang J, Liu J, Tian J, Wu Y, Wang X, Quan L, Xu H, Wang W, Liu H. Variations in the protein level of Omi/HtrA2 in the heart of aged rats may contribute to the increased susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to ischemia/reperfusion injury and cell death : Omi/HtrA2 and aged heart injury. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:733-746. [PMID: 22535253 PMCID: PMC3636415 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survival after acute myocardial infarction is decreased in elderly patients. The enhanced rates of apoptosis in the aging heart exacerbate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We have recently demonstrated that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most potent endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, was decreased in aging rats' hearts. XIAP was balanced by two mitochondria proteins, Omi/HtrA2 and Smac/DIABLO. However, the implicative role of XIAP, Omi/HtrA2, and Smac/DIABLO to aging-related MI/R injury has not been previously investigated. In our study, male aging rats (20-24 months) or young adult rats (4-6 months) were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. MI/R-induced cardiac injury was enhanced in aging rats, as evidenced by aggravated cardiac dysfunction, enlarged infarct size, and increased myocardial apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase-3 activity). Then, the XIAP, Omi/HtrA2, and Smac/DIABLO protein and mRNA expression was detected. XIAP protein and mRNA expression was decreased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Meanwhile, myocardial XIAP protein expression was correlated to cardiac function after MI/R. However, Omi/HtrA2, but not Smac/DIABLO, expression was increased in aging hearts. Moreover, the translocation of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria to cytosol was increased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Treatment with ucf-101 (a novel and specific Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor) attenuated XIAP degradation and caspase-3 activity and exerted cardioprotective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrated that increased expression and leakage of Omi/HtrA2 enhanced MI/R injury in aging hearts via degrading XIAP and promoting myocardial apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Death/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 2
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/genetics
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Tian
- />Department of Pathophysiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Quan
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huirong Liu
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- />The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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30
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Crawford JR, Haudek SB, Cieslik KA, Trial J, Entman ML. Origin of developmental precursors dictates the pathophysiologic role of cardiac fibroblasts. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:749-59. [PMID: 22972312 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the heart play a critical function in the secretion and modulation of extracellular matrix critical for optimal cellular architecture and mechanical stability required for its mechanical function. Fibroblasts are also intimately involved in both adaptive and nonadaptive responses to cardiac injury. Fibroblasts provide the elaboration of extracellular matrix and, as myofibroblasts, are responsible for cross-linking this matrix to form a mechanically stable scar after myocardial infarction. By contrast, during heart failure, fibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix, which manifests itself as excessive interstitial fibrosis that may mechanically limit cardiac function and distort cardiac architecture (adverse remodeling). This review examines the hypothesis that fibroblasts mediating scar formation and fibroblasts mediating interstitial fibrosis arise from different cellular precursors and in response to different autocoidal signaling cascades. We demonstrate that fibroblasts which generate scars arise from endogenous mesenchymal stem cells, whereas those mediating adverse remodeling are of myeloid origin and represent immunoinflammatory dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Crawford
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM620, Houston TX, 77030, USA
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31
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Nader M, Westendorp B, Hawari O, Salih M, Stewart AFR, Leenen FHH, Tuana BS. Tail-anchored membrane protein SLMAP is a novel regulator of cardiac function at the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1138-45. [PMID: 22180652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcolemmal membrane-associated proteins (SLMAPs) are components of cardiac membranes involved in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Here, we assessed the role of SLMAP in cardiac structure and function. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of SLMAP1 bearing the transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) to potentially interfere with endogenous SLMAP through homodimerization and subcellular targeting. Histological examination revealed vacuolated myocardium; the severity of which correlated with the expression level of SLMAP1-TM2. High resolution microscopy showed dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) and confocal imaging combined with biochemical analysis indicated targeting of SLMAP1-TM2 to the SR/ER membranes and inappropriate homodimerization. Older (28 wk of age) Tg mice exhibited reduced contractility with impaired relaxation as assessed by left ventricle pressure monitoring. The ventricular dysfunction was associated with electrophysiological abnormalities (elongated QT interval). Younger (5 wk of age) Tg mice also exhibited an elongated QT interval with minimal functional disturbances associated with the activation of the fetal gene program. They were less responsive to isoproterenol challenge (ΔdP/dt(max)) and developed electrical and left ventricular pressure alternans. The altered electrophysiological and functional disturbances in Tg mice were associated with diminished expression level of calcium cycling proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum such as the ryanodine receptor, Ca(2+)-ATPase, calsequestrin, and triadin (but not phospholamban), as well as significantly reduced calcium uptake in microsomal fractions. These data demonstrate that SLMAP is a regulator of E-C coupling at the level of the SR and its perturbation results in progressive deterioration of cardiac electrophysiology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Nader
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Entman ML. Defective myofibroblast formation from mesenchymal stem cells in the aging murine heart rescue by activation of the AMPK pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1792-806. [PMID: 21819956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aged mice in a murine model of myocardial infarction exhibit less effective myocardial repair. We hypothesized that the deficiency arises from altered lineage choice of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and faulty maturation of myofibroblasts. Examination of cardiac MSCs revealed a substantial reduction in the pluripotency marker Nanog in cells from aged mice. In addition, the aged MSCs demonstrated a redirected lineage choice that favored adipocytic commitment over fibroblast or myofibroblast differentiation. Fibroblasts derived from aged MSCs demonstrated reduced expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors I and II and diminished SMAD3 phosphorylation, associated with attenuated contractility and migration. Overexpression of constitutively active TGF-β receptor I in aged cardiac fibroblasts ameliorated their defective motility but did not improve their contractility. Culturing of MSCs and fibroblasts with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside) to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase resulted in TGF-β-dependent development of myofibroblasts with markedly enhanced contractility despite no reduction in adipocytic commitment or increased expression of TGF-β receptors and SMAD3 phosphorylation. The data suggest an adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-dependent gain of function as mediated by phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which amplifies the response to TGF-β1 via a non-canonical pathway, thus compensating for the reduced expression of TGF-β receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and the Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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33
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Chiao YA, Dai Q, Zhang J, Lin J, Lopez EF, Ahuja SS, Chou YM, Lindsey ML, Jin YF. Multi-analyte profiling reveals matrix metalloproteinase-9 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as plasma biomarkers of cardiac aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:455-62. [PMID: 21685172 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.959981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that cardiac sarcopenia occurs with age in C57/BL6J mice. However, underlying mechanisms and plasma biomarkers of cardiac aging have not been identified. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify and evaluate plasma biomarkers that reflect cardiac aging phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma from adult (7.5±0.5 months old, n=27) and senescent (31.7±0.5 months old, n=25) C57/BL6J mice was collected, and levels of 69 markers were measured by multi-analyte profiling. Of these, 26 analytes were significantly increased and 3 were significantly decreased in the senescent group compared with the adult group. The majority of analytes that increased in the senescent group were inflammatory markers associated with macrophage functions, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL-2). Immunoblotting (n=12/group) showed higher MMP-9 and MCP-1 levels in the left ventricle (LV) of senescent mice (P<0.05), and their expression levels in the LV correlated with plasma levels (ρ=0.50 for MMP-9 and ρ =0.62 for MCP1, P<0.05). Further, increased plasma MCP-1 and MMP-9 levels correlated with the increase in end-diastolic dimensions that occurs with senescence. Immunohistochemistry (n=3/group) for Mac-3, a macrophage marker, showed increased macrophage densities in the senescent LV, and dual-labeling immunohistochemistry of Mac-3 and MMP-9 revealed robust colocalization of MMP-9 to the macrophages in the senescent LV sections, indicating that the macrophage is a major contributor of MMP-9 in the senescent LV. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MCP-1 and MMP-9 are potential plasma markers for cardiac aging and that augmented MCP-1 and MMP-9 levels and macrophage content in the LV could provide an underlying inflammatory mechanism of cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ann Chiao
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78245, USA
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Shih H, Lee B, Lee RJ, Boyle AJ. The aging heart and post-infarction left ventricular remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:9-17. [PMID: 21185495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for heart failure, which is a leading cause of death world-wide. Elderly patients are more likely than young patients to experience a myocardial infarction (MI) and are more likely to develop heart failure following MI. The poor clinical outcome of aging in cardiovascular disease is recapitulated on the cellular level. Increase in stress exposure and shifts in signaling pathways with age change the biology of cardiomyocytes. The progressive accumulation of metabolic waste and damaged organelles in cardiomyocytes blocks the intracellular recycling process of autophagy and increases the cell's propensity toward apoptosis. Additionally, the decreased cardiomyocyte renewal capacity in the elderly, due to reduction in cellular division and impaired stem cell function, leads to further cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive responses to disease or stress. We review the cellular and molecular aspects of post-infarction remodeling in the aged heart, and relate them to the clinical problem of post-infarction remodeling in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shih
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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35
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Immune-inflammatory dysregulation modulates the incidence of progressive fibrosis and diastolic stiffness in the aging heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:248-56. [PMID: 20974150 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction in the aging heart is a grave condition that challenges the life and lifestyle of a growing segment of our population. This report seeks to examine the role and interrelationship of inflammatory dysregulation in interstitial myocardial fibrosis and progressive diastolic dysfunction in aging mice. We studied a population of C57BL/6 mice that developed progressive diastolic dysfunction over 30 months of life. This progressive dysfunction was associated with increasing infiltration of CD45(+) fibroblasts of myeloid origin. In addition, increased rates of collagen expression as measured by cellular procollagen were apparent in the heart as a function of age. These cellular and functional changes were associated with progressive increases in mRNA for MCP-1 and IL-13, which correlated both temporally and quantitatively with changes in fibrosis and cellular procollagen levels. MCP-1 protein was also increased and found to be primarily in the venular endothelium. Protein assays also demonstrated elevation of IL-4 and IL-13 suggesting a shift to a Th2 phenotype in the aging heart. In vitro studies demonstrated that IL-13 markedly enhanced monocyte-fibroblast transformation. Our results indicate that immunoinflammatory dysregulation in the aging heart induces progressive MCP-1 production and an increased shift to a Th2 phenotype paralleled by an associated increase in myocardial interstitial fibrosis, cellular collagen synthesis, and increased numbers of CD45(+) myeloid-derived fibroblasts that contain procollagen. The temporal association and functional correlations suggest a causative relationship between age-dependent immunoinflammatory dysfunction, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.
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36
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Scarlett JM, Bowe DD, Zhu X, Batra AK, Grant WF, Marks DL. Genetic and pharmacologic blockade of central melanocortin signaling attenuates cardiac cachexia in rodent models of heart failure. J Endocrinol 2010; 206:121-30. [PMID: 20371568 PMCID: PMC2887273 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system plays a key role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. We investigated whether genetic or pharmacologic blockade of central melanocortin signaling attenuates cardiac cachexia in mice and rats with heart failure. Permanent ligation of the left coronary artery (myocardial infarction (MI)) or sham operation was performed in wild-type (WT) or melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) knockout mice. Eight weeks after surgery, WT-Sham mice had significant increases in lean body mass (LBM; P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05), whereas WT-MI did not gain significant amounts of LBM or fat mass. Resting basal metabolic rate (BMR) was significantly lower in WT-Sham mice compared to WT-MI mice (P<0.001). In contrast, both MC4-Sham and MC4-MI mice gained significant amounts of LBM (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05) over the study period. There was no significant difference in the BMR between MC4-Sham and MC4-MI mice. In the second experiment, rats received aortic bands or sham operations, and after recovery received i.c.v. injections of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or the melanocortin antagonist agouti-related protein (AGRP) for 2 weeks. Banded rats receiving AGRP gained significant amount of LBM (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05) over the treatment period, whereas banded rats receiving aCSF did not gain significant amounts of LBM or fat mass. These results demonstrated that genetic and pharmacologic blockade of melanocortin signaling attenuated the metabolic manifestations of cardiac cachexia in murine and rat models of heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Agouti-Related Protein/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Aorta
- Basal Metabolism
- Body Composition
- Cachexia/etiology
- Cachexia/prevention & control
- Chronic Disease
- Constriction
- Coronary Vessels/surgery
- Heart Diseases/complications
- Heart Failure/complications
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Ligation
- Male
- Melanocortins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Melanocortins/genetics
- Melanocortins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/deficiency
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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37
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Lachtermacher S, Esporcatte B, Montalvão F, Costa P, Rodrigues D, Belem L, Rabischoffisky A, Neto HF, Vasconcellos R, Iacobas S, Iacobas D, Dohmann H, Spray D, Goldenberg R, Campos-de-Carvalho A. Cardiac gene expression and systemic cytokine profile are complementary in a murine model of post-ischemic heart failure. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:377-89. [PMID: 20209379 PMCID: PMC3032498 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), activation of the immune system and inflammatory mechanisms, among others, can lead to ventricular remodeling and heart failure (HF). The interaction between these systemic alterations and corresponding changes in the heart has not been extensively examined in the setting of chronic ischemia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate alterations in cardiac gene and systemic cytokine profile in mice with post-ischemic HF. Plasma was tested for IgM and IgG anti-heart reactive repertoire and inflammatory cytokines. Heart samples were assayed for gene expression by analyzing hybridization to AECOM 32k mouse microarrays. Ischemic HF significantly increased the levels of total serum IgM (by 5.2-fold) and total IgG (by 3.6-fold) associated with a relatively high content of anti-heart specificity. A comparable increase was observed in the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta (3.8X) and TNF-alpha (6.0X). IFN-gamma was also increased by 3.1-fold in the MI group. However, IL-4 and IL-10 were not significantly different between the MI and sham-operated groups. Chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8 were 1.4- and 13-fold increased, respectively, in the plasma of infarcted mice. We identified 2079 well annotated unigenes that were significantly regulated by post-ischemic HF. Complement activation and immune response were among the most up-regulated processes. Interestingly, 21 of the 101 quantified unigenes involved in the inflammatory response were significantly up-regulated and none were down-regulated. These data indicate that post-ischemic heart remodeling is accompanied by immune-mediated mechanisms that act both systemically and locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lachtermacher
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - B.L.B. Esporcatte
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F. Montalvão
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P.C. Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D.C. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L. Belem
- PROCEP, Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A. Rabischoffisky
- PROCEP, Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - H.C.C. Faria Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R. Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Imunologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - S. Iacobas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D.A. Iacobas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - H.F.R. Dohmann
- PROCEP, Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D.C. Spray
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R.C.S. Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.C. Campos-de-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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38
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39
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a devastating syndrome of body wasting that worsens quality of life and survival for patients suffering from diseases such as cancer, chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure. Successful treatments have been elusive in humans, leaving a clear need for the development of new treatment compounds. Animal models of cachexia are able to recapitulate the clinical findings from human disease and have provided a much-needed means of testing the efficacy of prospective therapies. OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on animal models of cachexia caused by cancer, chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease, including the features of these models, their implementation, and commonly-followed outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Given a dire clinical need for effective treatments of cachexia, animal models will continue a vital role in assessing the efficacy and safety of potential treatments prior to testing in humans. Also important in the future will be the use of animal models to assess the durability of effect from anti-cachexia treatments and their effect on prognosis of the underlying disease states.
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40
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Carrabba N, Parodi G, Valenti R, Migliorini A, Antoniucci D. Comparison of effects of primary coronary angioplasty on left ventricular remodeling and heart failure in patients <70 versus > or =70 years with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:926-31. [PMID: 19766758 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of senescence on cardiac function and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We sought to assess the impact of age on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure (HF) after successful primary angioplasty for AMI. A series of 512 consecutive patients underwent 2-dimensional echocardiography at admission and at 1 month and 6 months after index AMI. LV volumes, ejection fraction, and wall motion score index (WMSI) were measured. Patients were divided in group 1 (<70 years old, n = 361) and group 2 (> or =70 years old, n = 151). Group 2 patients showed a lower peak creatine kinase (p = 0.029) compared to group 1. In group 2 patients the 6-month prevalence of LV remodeling (increase >20% in end-diastolic volume) was higher (34% vs 25%, p = 0.041), recoveries of ejection fraction and WMSI were lower (p = 0.00002 for the 2 comparisons), and incidence of late HF was higher (35% vs 17%, p <0.0001) compared to group 1 patients. Independent predictors of LV remodeling were WMSI (p <0.0001), infarct size (p <0.0001), and LV end-diastolic volume (p <0.0001). Independent predictors of late HF were WMSI (hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.624 to 4.514), 6-month LV dilation (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.404 to 3.233), diabetes (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.595), infarct size (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.037 to 1.215), and age as continuous variables (HR 1.064, 95% CI 1.044 to 1.085). In conclusion, besides infarct size, extensive regional systolic dysfunction may play a significant role in the development of LV remodeling and HF in patients > or =70 years old after successful primary angioplasty.
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41
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Aging and defective healing, adverse remodeling, and blunted post-conditioning in the reperfused wounded heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1399-403. [PMID: 18387443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Bujak M, Kweon HJ, Chatila K, Li N, Taffet G, Frangogiannis NG. Aging-related defects are associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of reperfused myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1384-92. [PMID: 18387441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to study aging-associated alterations in the inflammatory and reparative response after myocardial infarction (MI) and their involvement in adverse post-infarction remodeling of the senescent heart. BACKGROUND Advanced age is a predictor of death and ventricular dilation in patients with MI; however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for increased remodeling of the infarcted senescent heart remain poorly understood. METHODS Histomorphometric, molecular, and echocardiographic end points were compared between young and senescent mice undergoing reperfused infarction protocols. The response of young and senescent mouse cardiac fibroblasts to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta stimulation was examined. RESULTS Senescence was associated with decreased and delayed neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, markedly reduced cytokine and chemokine expression in the infarcted myocardium, and impaired phagocytosis of dead cardiomyocytes. Reduced inflammation in senescent mouse infarcts was followed by decreased myofibroblast density and markedly diminished collagen deposition in the scar. The healing defects in senescent animals were associated with enhanced dilative and hypertrophic remodeling and worse systolic dysfunction. Fibroblasts isolated from senescent mouse hearts showed a blunted response to TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS Although young mice exhibit a robust post-infarction inflammatory response and form dense collagenous scars, senescent mice show suppressed inflammation, delayed granulation tissue formation, and markedly reduced collagen deposition. These defects might contribute to adverse remodeling. These observations suggest that caution is necessary when attempting to therapeutically target the post-infarction inflammatory response in patients with reperfused MI. The injurious potential of inflammatory mediators might have been overstated, owing to extrapolation of experimental findings from young animals to older human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bujak
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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43
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Degousee N, Fazel S, Angoulvant D, Stefanski E, Pawelzik SC, Korotkova M, Arab S, Liu P, Lindsay TF, Zhuo S, Butany J, Li RK, Audoly L, Schmidt R, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Jakobsson PJ, Rubin BB. Microsomal Prostaglandin E
2
Synthase-1 Deletion Leads to Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2008; 117:1701-10. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.749739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Microsomal prostaglandin (PG) E
2
synthase-1 (mPGES-1), encoded by the
Ptges
gene, functions downstream from cyclooxygenase-2 in the inducible PGE
2
biosynthetic pathway. We caused acute MI in
Ptges
+/+
and
Ptges
−/−
mice to define the role of mPGES-1 in cardiac ischemic injury.
Methods and Results—
Twenty-eight days after MI,
Ptges
−/−
mice develop more left ventricular (LV) dilation, have worse LV systolic and diastolic function, and have higher LV end-diastolic pressure than
Ptges
+/+
mice but have similar pulmonary wet-to-dry weight ratios, cardiac mass, infarct size, and mortality. The length-to-width ratio of individual cardiomyocytes is significantly greater in
Ptges
−/−
than
Ptges
+/+
mice after MI, a finding consistent with eccentric cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in
Ptges
−/−
mice. Expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and α- and β-myosin heavy chain, markers of ventricular hypertrophy, is higher in the LV of
Ptges
−/−
than
Ptges
+/+
mice after MI.
Ptges
+/+
mice express cyclooxygenase-2 and mPGES-1 protein in inflammatory cells adjacent to the infarct after MI but do not express these proteins in cardiomyocytes.
Ptges
−/−
mice express cyclooxygenase-2 in inflammatory cells adjacent to the infarct and do not express mPGES-1 in any cells in the heart. Levels of PGE
2
but not PGD
2
, thromboxane A
2
, PGI
2
, or PGF
2α
are higher in the infarct and LV remote from the infarct after MI in
Ptges
+/+
than
Ptges
−/−
mice.
Conclusions—
In
Ptges
+/+
mice, mPGES-1 in inflammatory cells catalyzes PGE
2
biosynthesis in the LV after MI. Deletion of mPGES-1 leads to eccentric cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, LV dilation, and impaired LV contractile function after acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Degousee
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Shafie Fazel
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Eva Stefanski
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Marina Korotkova
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Sara Arab
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Peter Liu
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Thomas F. Lindsay
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Sun Zhuo
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Jagdish Butany
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Laurent Audoly
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Ronald Schmidt
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Carlo Angioni
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
| | - Barry B. Rubin
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery (N.D., E.S., T.F.L., B.B.R.), Cardiac Surgery (S.F., D.A., S.Z., R.-K.L.), Cardiology (S.A., P.L.), and Pathology (J.B.) and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute of the University Health Network and the Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit and Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.-C.P., M.K., P.-J.J.)
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Pleiotropic effects of cardiac drugs on healing post-MI. The good, bad, and ugly. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 13:439-52. [PMID: 18256930 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is a well-orchestrated time-dependent process that involves inflammation, tissue repair with extracellular collagen matrix (ECCM) deposition and scar formation, and remodeling of myocardial structure, matrix, vasculature, and function. Rapid early ECCM degradation followed by slow ECCM replacement and maturation during post-MI healing results in a prolonged window of enhanced vulnerability to adverse remodeling. Decreased ECCM results in adverse ventricular remodeling, dysfunction, and rupture. Inflammation, a critical factor in normal healing, if impaired results in adverse remodeling and rupture. Several therapeutic drugs prescribed after MI exert pleiotropic effects that suppress ECCM and inflammation during healing and may have good, bad, or ugly consequences. This article reviews the potential impact of pleiotropic effects of some prototypic cardiac drugs such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, statins, and thrombolytics during healing post-ST-segment-elevation MI (STEMI), with special focus on inflammation, ECCM and remodeling, and implications in the elderly.
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Gomez L, Thibault H, Gharib A, Dumont JM, Vuagniaux G, Scalfaro P, Derumeaux G, Ovize M. Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition improves functional recovery and reduces mortality following acute myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H1654-61. [PMID: 17557911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01378.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by cyclosporin A or ischemic postconditioning attenuates lethal reperfusion injury. Its impact on major post-myocardial infarction events, including worsening of left ventricular (LV) function and death, remains unknown. We sought to determine whether pharmacological or postconditioning-induced inhibition of mPTP opening might improve functional recovery and survival following myocardial infarction in mice. Anesthetized mice underwent 25 min of ischemia and 24 h (protocol 1) or 30 days (protocol 2) of reperfusion. At reperfusion, they received no intervention (control), postconditioning (3 cycles of 1 min ischemia-1 min reperfusion), or intravenous injection of the mPTP inhibitor Debio-025 (10 mg/kg). At 24 h of reperfusion, mitochondria were isolated from the region at risk for assessment of the Ca(2+) retention capacity (CRC). Infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. At 30 days of reperfusion, mortality and LV contractile function (echocardiography) were evaluated. Postconditioning and Debio-025 significantly improved Ca(2+) retention capacity (132 +/- 13 and 153 +/- 31 vs. 53 +/- 16 nmol Ca(2+)/mg protein in control) and reduced infarct size to 35 +/- 4 and 32 +/- 7% of area at risk vs. 61 +/- 6% in control (P < 0.05). At 30 days, ejection fraction averaged 74 +/- 6 and 77 +/- 6% in postconditioned and Debio-025 groups, respectively, vs. 62 +/- 12% in the control group (P < 0.05). At 30 days, survival was improved from 58% in the control group to 92 and 89% in postconditioned and Debio-025 groups, respectively. Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition at reperfusion improves functional recovery and mortality in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Gomez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E 0226, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
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Afilalo J, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE, Rivas D, Akter R, Sharma K, Duque G. Age-related changes in lamin A/C expression in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H1451-6. [PMID: 17513488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01194.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A and C (A/C) are type V intermediate filaments that form the nuclear lamina. Lamin A/C mutations lead to reduced expression of lamin A/C and diverse phenotypes such as familial cardiomyopathies and accelerated aging syndromes. Normal aging is associated with reduced expression of lamin A/C in osteoblasts and dermal fibroblasts but has never been assessed in cardiomyocytes. Our objective was to compare the expression of lamin A/C in cardiomyocytes of old (24 mo) versus young (4 mo) C57Bl/6J mice using a well-validated mouse model of aging. Lamin B1 was used as a control. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses showed reduced expression of lamin A/C in cardiomyocyte nuclei of old mice (proportion of nuclei expressing lamin A/C, 9% vs. 62%, P < 0.001). Lamin A/C distribution was scattered peripherally and perinuclear in old mice, whereas it was homogeneous throughout the nuclei in young mice. Western blot analyses confirmed reduced expression of lamin A/C in nuclear extracts of old mice (ratio of lamin A/C to B1, 0.6 vs. 1.2, P < 0.01). Echocardiographic studies showed increased left ventricular wall thickness with preserved cavity size (concentric remodeling), increased left ventricular mass, and a slight reduction in fractional shortening in old mice. This is the first study to show that normal aging is associated with reduced expression and altered distribution of lamin A/C in nuclei of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Afilalo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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47
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Boengler K, Konietzka I, Buechert A, Heinen Y, Garcia-Dorado D, Heusch G, Schulz R. Loss of ischemic preconditioning's cardioprotection in aged mouse hearts is associated with reduced gap junctional and mitochondrial levels of connexin 43. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H1764-9. [PMID: 17142336 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01071.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is localized at left ventricular (LV) gap junctions and in cardiomyocyte mitochondria. A genetically induced reduction of Cx43 as well as blockade of mitochondrial Cx43 import abolishes the infarct size (IS) reduction by ischemic preconditioning (IP). With progressing age, Cx43 content in ventricular and atrial tissue homogenates is reduced. We now investigated whether or not 1) the mitochondrial Cx43 content is reduced in aged mice hearts and 2) IS reduction by IP is lost in aged mice hearts in vivo. Confirming previous results, sarcolemmal Cx43 content was reduced in aged (>13 mo) compared with young (<3 mo) C57Bl/6 mice hearts, whereas the expression levels of protein kinase C epsilon and endothelial nitric oxide synthase remained unchanged. Also in mitochondria isolated from aged mice LV myocardium, Western blot analysis indicated a 40% decrease in Cx43 content compared with mitochondria isolated from young mice hearts. In young mice hearts, IP by one cycle of 10 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion reduced IS (% of area at risk) following 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion from 67.7 +/- 3.3 (n = 17) to 34.2 +/- 6.6 (n = 5, P < 0.05). In contrast, IP's cardioprotection was lost in aged mice hearts, since IS in nonpreconditioned (57.5 +/- 4.0, n = 10) and preconditioned hearts (65.4 +/- 6.3, n = 8, P = not significant) was not different. In conclusion, mitochondrial Cx43 content is decreased in aged mouse hearts. The reduced levels of Cx43 may contribute to the age-related loss of cardioprotection by IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
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48
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Lygate C. Surgical models of hypertrophy and heart failure: Myocardial infarction and transverse aortic constriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lindsey ML, Escobar GP, Dobrucki LW, Goshorn DK, Bouges S, Mingoia JT, McClister DM, Su H, Gannon J, MacGillivray C, Lee RT, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene deletion facilitates angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H232-9. [PMID: 16126817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are postulated to be necessary for neovascularization during wound healing. MMP-9 deletion alters remodeling postmyocardial infarction (post-MI), but whether and to what degree MMP-9 affects neovascularization post-MI is unknown. Neovascularization was evaluated in wild-type (WT; n = 63) and MMP-9 null (n = 55) mice at 7-days post-MI. Despite similar infarct sizes, MMP-9 deletion improved left ventricular function as evaluated by hemodynamic analysis. Blood vessel quantity and quality were evaluated by three independent studies. First, vessel density was increased in the infarct of MMP-9 null mice compared with WT, as quantified by Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin I (GSL-I) immunohistochemistry. Second, preexisting vessels, stained in vivo with FITC-labeled GSL-I pre-MI, were present in the viable but not MI region. Third, a technetium-99m-labeled peptide (NC100692), which selectively binds to activated alpha(v)beta3-integrin in angiogenic vessels, was injected into post-MI mice. Relative NC100692 activity in myocardial segments with diminished perfusion (0-40% nonischemic) was higher in MMP-9 null than in WT mice (383 +/- 162% vs. 250 +/- 118%, respectively; P = 0.002). The unique finding of this study was that MMP-9 deletion stimulated, rather than impaired, neovascularization in remodeling myocardium. Thus targeted strategies to inhibit MMP-9 early post-MI will likely not impair the angiogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, Rm. 629, Strom Thurmond Research Bldg., 770 MUSC Complex, Medical Univ. of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., PO Box 250778, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Wang QD, Bohlooly-Y M, Bohlooly M, Sjöquist PO. Murine models for the study of congestive heart failure: Implications for understanding molecular mechanisms and for drug discovery. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2004; 50:163-74. [PMID: 15519903 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex illness of diverse aetiology. Despite the current multiple therapies, the prognosis for CHF patients remains poor, and new therapeutic targets need to be identified. With the advent of the genetic era, the mouse has become an increasingly valuable animal species in experimental CHF research. A large number of murine models of cardiac hypertrophy and CHF have been created by genetic engineering. Meanwhile, traditional CHF models created by coronary artery ligation, cardiac pressure, or volume overload have been adapted to mice. The present review categorizes and highlights the value of these murine models of cardiac hypertrophy and CHF. These models, combined with sophisticated physiological measurements of cardiac haemodynamics, are expected to yield more and valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms of CHF and aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dong Wang
- Integrative Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
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