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Choi KM, Jeong JM, Bae JS, Cho DH, Jung SH, Hwang JY, Baeck GW, Park CI. Coagulation factor II from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): First report on the molecular biological function and expression analysis in the teleost. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:145-153. [PMID: 26626585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid haemostasis of fish prevents bleeding or infection that could be caused by physical properties of the aquatic environment. Additionally, the innate immune system is the first line of defence against infection and is responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are important for the activation of acquired immune responses. Coagulation factor II (CFII) is an important factor in the coagulation system and is involved in recognition and interaction with various bacterial and extracellular proteins. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding CFII in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbCFII) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. The full-length RbCFII cDNA (2079 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1854 bp encoding 617 amino acids. Alignment analysis revealed that a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain, two kringle domains, and a trypsin-like serine protease domain of the deduced protein were well conserved. RbCFII was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined but, predominantly detected in the liver and skin. RbCFII expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney, spleen and liver after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, or red seabream iridovirus. The recombinant protein RbCFII (rRbCFII) produced using an Escherichia coli expression system was able to bind all examined bacteria. Interestingly, rRbCFII has agglutination activities towards E. coli and E. tarda, while no agglutination was shown toward Vibrio ordalii and S. iniae. These findings indicate that rRbCFII performs an immunological function in the immune response, and might be involved in innate immunity as well as blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Cho
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Hwang
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Wook Baeck
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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Gropp J, Bomhard E, Schulz V, Busch L, Wetzel A. Zur Bestimmung von Vitamin-K-Aktivität im biologischen Verfahren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1974.tb01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mazzorana M, Cornillon B, Baffet G, Hubert N, Belleville J, Eloy R, Guguen-Guillouzo C. Biosynthesis of factor V by normal adult rat hepatocytes. Thromb Res 1989; 54:655-75. [PMID: 2675384 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(89)90131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of coagulation factor V was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes maintained in long-term primary culture. Two culture conditions were compared. A clotting assay and an immunoprecipitation experiment with rabbit anti rat factor V IgG were used to demonstrate not only the presence of factor V in the cells but also active secretion into the culture medium. Both the inhibition of the clotting reaction in presence of the antibody and absence of thrombin in culture media confirmed the specificity of the clotting assays. Electron microscopic examination located factor V in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of hepatocytes in common with other liver specific plasma proteins. Examination of liver tissue sections confirmed the production of factor V in hepatocytes but not in hepatic endothelial cells although it did not exclude a transit pathway of factor V through these cells. Addition of Russell viper venom factor V activating enzyme to the culture medium had no effect on the factor V activity. In contrast, treatment of cell extracts did increase the coagulant activity. This suggests that hepatocytes contained principally an unactivated form or procofactor, whereas factor V present into the culture medium was mainly in an activated form. These data provide evidence for synthesis and secretion of an hepatocytic factor V.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazzorana
- INSERM - U 49, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Nolan RD, Eling TE. Inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells by vitamin K1. Biochem Pharmacol 1986; 35:4273-81. [PMID: 3098248 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(86)90706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is the predominant metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA) in endothelial cells derived from large blood vessels. Vitamin K1 (1-100 microM) inhibited the release of PGI2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture, as measured by radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGE1 alpha) and PGE2. The conversion of exogenous AA to PGI2 was not affected by vitamin K1 as measured by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography of radiolabeled AA metabolites. Similarly, vitamin K1 did not affect the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) by in vitro enzyme systems. However, vitamin K1 inhibited the calcium ionophore A23187-induced release of [3H]AA from membrane phospholipids of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Inhibition of [3H]AA release from other cells of vascular origin was also observed after exposure to vitamin K1, but this effect was not observed in cells of non-vascular origin, including platelets. Therefore, vitamin K1 modulates the release of AA in vascular cells and thus inhibits the capacity of blood vessels to synthesize PGI2.
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Abstract
In summary, in this review on the function of vitamin K in post-translational modification of precursor proteins by carboxylation of certain glutamyl residues, I have tried to cover in particular the recent work on the reaction, the enzymes involved and the mechanisms being considered. In doing this I have also considered vitamin K, its discovery, its functional form and the possible relation of its metabolism to the carboxylation reaction. Equally the various vitamin K-dependent gla-containing proteins currently known have been described. The carboxylation of synthetic small molecule exogenous substrates and the synthesis and metabolism of the products of carboxylation are of great help in studying the reaction. Structural specificity of vitamin K analogs in vivo and in vitro has been compared and the use of various antagonists in vivo and in vitro considered in attempts to gain an understanding of the overall reaction. The reactions subsequent to carboxylation, e.g., the activation of prothrombin to thrombin via serine proteases and the related activation of the other vitamin K-dependent proteins have not been considered in this review. The review has not covered prothrombin or other vitamin K-dependent protein isolation, nor the determination of these proteins. As the vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation story has developed over the past six years, a number of reviews have been written which help in keeping up with the various aspects of the field as it has expanded. These reviews refer to many of the papers I have had to eliminate due to space limitations. They are referenced as 469-489. The review is in no sense comprehensive and many papers have been missed or only mentioned. I have tried to concentrate on the more recent work and, thus, much of the very fine work of the 1940's on vitamin K chemistry is hardly mentioned. Some redundancy has been built into the organization of the review so that a reader can obtain a reasonable view of any one section without having to search the whole review for all possible relevant information on any particular part of the field.
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Localization of albumin, transferrin, and?-fetoprotein in normal and regenerating mouse liver. Bull Exp Biol Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00806410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mehta NG. The site of synthesis and functions of acute phase plasma proteins: close relationship with the reticulo-endothelial system. Med Hypotheses 1977; 3:63-70. [PMID: 197383 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(77)90056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evidence that the acute phase glycoproteins of plasma are synthesized by the liver parenchymal cells is critically examined, and is found to be inconclusive. Some evidence is cited which favors the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) in general, and Kupffer cells in particular, as the site of synthesis of these proteins: 1. The entire RES contains non-glycogenic periodic acid Schiff-positive substances. 2. The diseases which affect glycoprotein levels are also known to affect the function of the RES. 3. When the animal is subjected to stress, the RES function is initially depressed and then stimulated. A similar biphasic behavior is shown by plasma glycoprotein levels. 4. Adrenal cortico-steriods are the major regulators of the RES function and of the synthesis of acute phase proteins. Moreover, both are stimulated at low concentrations, and depressed at high concentrations of the hormone. Some of the glycoproteins of the acute phase (prothrombin, the third component of complement, haptoglobin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin) have defense-related functions. The others seem to participate in phenomena like detoxification, promotion of phagocytosis, wound healing, prevention of tissue injury by lysosomal enzymes, prevention of trauma and recovery from inflammation. It is proposed that the acute phase proteins, together with antibodies, form major components of the definse system, and the RES attempts to deal with injury by mobilization of increased amounts of these substances.
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Abstract
A procedure for the preparation of highly purified pig prothrombin is described. Compared to the initial clotting activity of the starting plasma, this protein was purified 776 times with a final yield of 8 per cent. The purified zymogen showed a specific activity of 1,460 NH units/mg of protein , a molecular weight of 65,000 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electroesis, E 1.0 mg/ml 1.0 cm, 280 nm = 1.45 at pH 7.0 and the following amino acid composition: Asx 51, Thr 38, Glx 62, Pro 23, Gly44, Ala 25, Half-Cys 30, Val 35, Met 3, Ile 30, Leu 32, Tyr 19, Phe 22, Lys 36, His 8, Arg 28, and Trp 13, which accounts for a minimum molecular weight of 59,370 (carbohydrates not computed). Alanine was found as the only N-terminal residue. Carboxypeptidases A and B failed to release any C-terminal residue. By hydrazinolysis however 0.4 mole of serine was released per mole of prothrombin. The activation of crude and chromatographed pig prothrombin was investigated.
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Walz DA, Kipfer RK, Jones JP, Olson RE. Purification and properties of chicken prothrombin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:527-35. [PMID: 4460879 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dodds WJ, Hoyer LW. Coagulation activities in perfused organs: regulation by addition of animal plasmas. Br J Haematol 1974; 26:497-509. [PMID: 4851062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1974.tb00491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Triantaphyllopoulos E, Triantaphyllopoulos DC. Selected topics on blood coagulation. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 1:305-80. [PMID: 4609689 DOI: 10.3109/10409237309105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Engelhardt NV, Gusev AI, Poltoranina VS. Localization of albumin and transferrin in the mouse liver. Bull Exp Biol Med 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00783907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Johnston MF, Kipfer RK, Olson RE. Studies of Prothrombin Biosynthesis in Cell-free Systems. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Malhotra OP, Carter JR. Biological and nonbiological activation of normal and dicoumarol-treated prothrombin. Life Sci 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(72)90094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shah DV, Suttie JW. The effect of vitamin K and warfarin on rat liver prothrombin concentrations. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 150:91-5. [PMID: 5028083 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nyquist SE, Matschiner JT, Morré DJ. Distribution of vitamin K among rat liver cell fractions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 244:645-9. [PMID: 5160424 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shah DV, Suttie JW. Mechanism of action of vitamin K: evidence for the conversion of a precursor protein to prothrombin in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1653-7. [PMID: 5283959 PMCID: PMC389261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.7.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the vitamin K-induced synthesis of prothrombin in a vitamin K-deficient rat is only slightly inhibited by cycloheximide treatment. Rat prothrombin has now been purified by disc electrophoresis after BaSO(4) adsorption and citrate elution. When cycloheximide (5 mg/kg) was given to vitamin K-deficient rats 30 min before vitamin K, about 70% of the amount of prothrombin seen in rats not treated with cycloheximide was produced (two-stage assay), and the prothrombin band could be seen on the electrophoretic gels. However, if radioactive amino acids are administered to the rats after cycloheximide treatment, the newly formed prothrombin contains no radioactivity. The isolated prothrombin does contain radioactivity if the vitamin K-deficient rats are treated with vitamin K but no cycloheximide. When radioactive amino acids were given to deficient rats 1 hr before cycloheximide and vitamin K, radioactivity was found in prothrombin. These data suggest that, in the intact rat, the action of vitamin K is to convert a protein precursor with a short biological half life to prothrombin.
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Pereira M, Couri D. Studies on the site of action of dicumarol on prothrombin biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 237:348-55. [PMID: 4105894 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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9 Thrombin and Prothrombin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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24
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Suttie JW. The effect of cycloheximide administration on vitamin K-stimulated prothrombin formation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 141:571-8. [PMID: 4395694 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Olson RE, Kipfer RK, Li LF. Vitamin K-induced biosynthesis of prothrombin in the isolated perfused rat liver. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1969; 7:83-94. [PMID: 5367814 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(69)90012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Liu AY, Neuhaus OW. Injury and plasma protein biosynthesis. II. Hepatic microsomal activity and polysomal organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 166:195-204. [PMID: 5698054 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(68)90503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hill RB, Gaetani S, Paolucci AM, RamaRao PB, Alden R, Ranhotra GS, Shah DV, Shah VK, Johnson BC. Vitamin K and Biosynthesis of Protein and Prothrombin. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Olson JP, Miller LL, Troup SB. Synthesis of clotting factors by the isolated perfused rat liver. J Clin Invest 1966; 45:690-701. [PMID: 5935358 PMCID: PMC292746 DOI: 10.1172/jci105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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