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K. C. R, Patel NR, Shenoy A, Scallan JP, Chiang MY, Galazo MJ, Meadows SM. Zmiz1 is a novel regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression and function. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302926. [PMID: 38718095 PMCID: PMC11078365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc Finger MIZ-Type Containing 1 (Zmiz1), also known as ZIMP10 or RAI17, is a transcription cofactor and member of the Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) family of proteins. Zmiz1 is critical for a variety of biological processes including vascular development. However, its role in the lymphatic vasculature is unknown. In this study, we utilized human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) and an inducible, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific Zmiz1 knockout mouse model to investigate the role of Zmiz1 in LECs. Transcriptional profiling of ZMIZ1-deficient HDLECs revealed downregulation of genes crucial for lymphatic vessel development. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that loss of Zmiz1 results in reduced expression of proliferation and migration genes in HDLECs and reduced proliferation and migration in vitro. We also presented evidence that Zmiz1 regulates Prox1 expression in vitro and in vivo by modulating chromatin accessibility at Prox1 regulatory regions. Furthermore, we observed that loss of Zmiz1 in mesenteric lymphatic vessels significantly reduced valve density. Collectively, our results highlight a novel role of Zmiz1 in LECs and as a transcriptional regulator of Prox1, shedding light on a previously unknown regulatory factor in lymphatic vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K. C.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Nehal R. Patel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Anoushka Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Mark Y. Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Galazo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Stryder M. Meadows
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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Tsukiji N, Suzuki-Inoue K. Impact of Hemostasis on the Lymphatic System in Development and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1747-1754. [PMID: 37534465 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels form a systemic network that maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis and regulates immune responses and is strictly separated from the circulatory system. During embryonic development, lymphatic endothelial cells originate from blood vascular endothelial cells in the cardinal veins and form lymph sacs. Platelets are critical for separating lymph sacs from the cardinal veins through interactions between CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor-2) and PDPN (podoplanin) in lymphatic endothelial cells. Therefore, deficiencies of these genes cause blood-filled lymphatic vessels, leading to abnormal lymphatic vessel maturation. The junction between the thoracic duct and the subclavian vein has valves and forms physiological thrombi dependent on CLEC-2/PDPN signaling to prevent blood backflow into the thoracic duct. In addition, platelets regulate lymphangiogenesis and maintain blood/lymphatic separation in pathological conditions, such as wound healing and inflammatory diseases. More recently, it was reported that the entire hemostatic system is involved in lymphangiogenesis. Thus, the hemostatic system plays a crucial role in the establishment, maintenance, and rearrangement of lymphatic networks and contributes to body fluid homeostasis, which suggests that the hemostatic system is a potential target for treating lymphatic disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of the hemostatic system in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel function and discusses challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaharu Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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3
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Juneja P, Sharma A, Shasthry SM, Kumar G, Tripathi DM, Rajan V, Rastogi A, Sarin SK, Kaur S. Podoplanin-positive dilated lymphatic vessels in duodenum associates with three-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1045983. [PMID: 37304826 PMCID: PMC10248415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1045983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated and dysfunctional gut lymphatic vessels (LVs) have been reported in experimental cirrhosis. Here, we studied LVs in duodenal (D2)-biopsies of liver cirrhosis patients and investigated the prognostic role of a LV marker, podoplanin (PDPN), in predicting the mortality of patients with cirrhosis. A prospective, single-center cohort study was performed in liver cirrhosis patients (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 9). D2-biopsies were obtained during endoscopy procedure, immunostained with PDPN, and scored based on 1) intensity and 2) density of positively-stained LVs per high power field. Gut and systemic inflammation were estimated by quantifying duodenal CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), CD68+ macrophages, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, respectively. Gut permeability and inflammation as assessed by quantifying gene expression of TJP1, OCLN, TNF-α, and IL-6 in D2-biopsies. Gene expression of LV markers, PDPN (8-fold), and LYVE1 (3-fold) was enhanced in D2-biopsies of cirrhosis patients compared to control (p < 0.0001). The mean PDPN score in decompensated cirrhosis patients (6.91 ± 1.26, p < 0.0001) was significantly increased as compared to those with compensated (3.25 ± 1.60). PDPN score positively and significantly correlated with the number of IELs (r = 0.33), serum TNF-α (r = 0.35), and IL-6 (r = 0.48) levels, while inversely correlated with TJP1 expression (r = -0.46, p < 0.05 each). In Cox regression, the PDPN score was a significant and independent 3-month-mortality predictor in patients (HR: 5.61; 1.08-29.109; p = 0.04). The area under the curve for the PDPN score was 84.2, and cutoff value for predicting mortality was ≥6.5 with 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Collectively, dilated LVs with high PDPN expression in D2-biopsies is a characteristic feature of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. PDPN score correlates with enhanced gut and systemic inflammation and also associates with 3-month mortality in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Juneja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. M. Shasthry
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guresh Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh M. Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Rajan
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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Chan YT, Cheok YY, Cheong HC, Tan GMY, Seow SR, Tang TF, Sulaiman S, Looi CY, Gupta R, Arulanandam B, Wong WF. Influx of podoplanin-expressing inflammatory macrophages into the genital tract following Chlamydia infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:305-320. [PMID: 36658328 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains a major health issue as it causes severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in females as a result of infection-associated chronic inflammation. Podoplanin, a transmembrane receptor, has been previously reported on inflammatory macrophages. Thus, strategies that specifically target podoplanin might be able to reduce local inflammation. This study investigated the expression level and function of podoplanin in a C. trachomatis infection model. C57BL/6 mice infected with the mouse pathogen Chlamydia muridarum were examined intermittently from days 1 to 60 using flow cytometry analysis. Percentages of conventional macrophages (CD11b+ CD11c- F4/80+ ) versus inflammatory macrophages (CD11b+ CD11c+ F4/80+ ), and the expression of podoplanin in these cells were investigated. Subsequently, a podoplanin-knockout RAW264.7 cell was used to evaluate the function of podoplanin in C. trachomatis infection. Our findings demonstrated an increased CD11b+ cell volume in the spleen at day 9 after the infection, with augmented podoplanin expression, especially among the inflammatory macrophages. A large number of podoplanin-expressing macrophages were detected in the genital tract of C. muridarum-infected mice. Furthermore, analysis of the C. trachomatis-infected patients demonstrated a higher percentage of podoplanin-expressing monocytes than that in the noninfected controls. Using an in vitro infection in a transwell migration assay, we identified that macrophages deficient in podoplanin displayed defective migratory function toward C. trachomatis-infected HeLa 229 cells. Lastly, using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry method, we identified two potential podoplanin interacting proteins, namely, Cofilin 1 and Talin 1 actin-binding proteins. The present study reports a role of podoplanin in directing macrophage migration to the chlamydial infection site. Our results suggest a potential for reducing inflammation in individuals with chronic chlamydial infections by targeting podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace Min Yi Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shi Rui Seow
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ting Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rishein Gupta
- Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bernard Arulanandam
- Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Dzieciatkowska M, Forward T, Tamburini BAJ. Programmed death ligand 1 intracellular interactions with STAT3 and focal adhesion protein Paxillin facilitate lymphatic endothelial cell remodeling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102694. [PMID: 36375639 PMCID: PMC9761386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) comprise lymphatic capillaries and vessels that guide immune cells to lymph nodes (LNs) and form the subcapsular sinus and cortical and medullary lymphatic structures of the LN. During an active immune response, the lymphatics remodel to accommodate the influx of immune cells from the tissue, but factors involved in remodeling are unclear. Here, we determined that a TSS motif within the cytoplasmic domain of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed by LECs in the LN, participates in lymphatic remodeling. Mutation of the TSS motif to AAA does not affect surface expression of PD-L1, but instead causes defects in LN cortical and medullary lymphatic organization following immunostimulant, Poly I:C, administration in vivo. Supporting this observation, in vitro treatment of the LEC cell line, SVEC4-10, with cytokines TNFα and IFNα significantly impeded SVEC4-10 movement in the presence of the TSS-AAA cytoplasmic mutation. The cellular movement defects coincided with reduced F-actin polymerization, consistent with differences previously found in dendritic cells. Here, in addition to loss of actin polymerization, we define STAT3 and Paxillin as important PD-L1 binding partners. STAT3 and Paxillin were previously demonstrated to be important at focal adhesions for cellular motility. We further demonstrate the PD-L1 TSS-AAA motif mutation reduced the amount of pSTAT3 and Paxillin bound to PD-L1 both before and after exposure to TNFα and IFNα. Together, these findings highlight PD-L1 as an important component of a membrane complex that is involved in cellular motility, which leads to defects in lymphatic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tadg Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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6
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Cadamuro M, Romanzi A, Guido M, Sarcognato S, Cillo U, Gringeri E, Zanus G, Strazzabosco M, Simioni P, Villa E, Fabris L. Translational Value of Tumor-Associated Lymphangiogenesis in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071086. [PMID: 35887583 PMCID: PMC9324584 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma remains poor in spite of the advances in immunotherapy and molecular profiling, which has led to the identification of several targetable genetic alterations. Surgical procedures, including both liver resection and liver transplantation, still represent the treatment with the best curative potential, though the outcomes are significantly compromised by the early development of lymph node metastases. Progression of lymphatic metastasis from the primary tumor to tumor-draining lymph nodes is mediated by tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, a topic largely overlooked until recently. Recent findings highlight tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis as paradigmatic of the role played by the tumor microenvironment in sustaining cholangiocarcinoma invasiveness and progression. This study reviews the current knowledge about the intercellular signaling and molecular mechanism of tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma in the hope of identifying novel therapeutic targets to halt a process that often limits the success of the few available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Romanzi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (M.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (M.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (U.C.); (E.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (U.C.); (E.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giacomo Zanus
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (U.C.); (E.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center, Digestive Disease Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 208056, USA;
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-059-422-5308 (E.V.); +39-049-821-3131 (L.F.); Fax: +39-059-422-4424 (E.V.); +39-049-827-2355 (L.F.)
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
- Liver Center, Digestive Disease Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 208056, USA;
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-059-422-5308 (E.V.); +39-049-821-3131 (L.F.); Fax: +39-059-422-4424 (E.V.); +39-049-827-2355 (L.F.)
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhang N, Yu J, Xu W, Gao J, Lv X, Wen Z. The Role of Podoplanin in the Immune System and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3561-3572. [PMID: 35747250 PMCID: PMC9212786 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Podoplanin exerts an important function in the immune response and is upregulated in fibroblasts, macrophages, T helper cells, and epithelial cells during inflammation. Herein, we summarize the latest knowledge on the functional expression of podoplanin in the immune system and review the contribution of podoplanin to several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss podoplanin as a novel therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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8
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Han L, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang Q, Ye X, Song H, Zheng C, Han B. Uterus globulin associated protein 1 (UGRP1) binds podoplanin (PDPN) to promote a novel inflammation pathway during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e850. [PMID: 35652821 PMCID: PMC9161880 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of life‐threatening infections. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) could recognise S. pneumoniae and regulate the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. UGRP1, highly expressed in lung, is predominantly secreted in airways. However, the function of UGRP1 in pneumonia is mainly unknown. Methods and results We showed that upon TLR2/TLR4/NOD2 agonists stimulation or S. pneumoniae infection, treatment with UGRP1 could promote phosphorylation of p65 and enhance IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNFα production in macrophages. We further elucidated that after binding with cell‐surface receptor PDPN, UGRP1 could activate RhoA to enhance interaction of IKKγ and IKKβ, which slightly activated NF‐κB to improve expression of TLR2, MyD88, NOD2 and NLRP3. Deletion of UGRP1 or blocking UGRP1 interaction with PDPN protected mice against S. pneumoniae‐induced severe pneumococcal pneumonia, and activating RhoA with agonist in UGRP1‐deficient mice restored the reduced IL‐6 production. Conclusion We demonstrated that UGRP1–PDPN–RhoA signaling could activate NF‐κB to promote expression of TLR2, MyD88, NOD2 and NLRP3, which enhanced inflammatory cytokines secretion during S. pneumoniae infection. Antibodies, which could interrupt interaction of UGRP1 and PDPN, are potential therapeutics against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Zheng
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Jiang H, Zou Y, Zhao J, Li X, Yang S, Zhou X, Mou D, Zhong W, Cai Y. Pyruvate Kinase M2 Mediates Glycolysis in the Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Promotes the Progression of Lymphatic Malformations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:204-215. [PMID: 33130045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism plays a pivotal role in the formation of the lymphatic vasculature. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is typically a metabolic marker of proliferating cells and maintains the growth of vascular endothelial cells. In this study, the potential status of PKM2 in lymphatic endothelial cells and the pathogenesis of lymphatic malformations (LMs) was investigated. The glycolysis index, including glucose uptake, ATP, and lactate production, stayed at a relatively high level in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) compared with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas the inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin or PKM2 knockdown significantly suppressed glycolysis, migration, tubular formation, and invasion of HDLECs. Moreover, compared with lymphatic vessels in healthy skin, lymphatic vessels of LMs expressed PKM2 highly, and this expression correlated with infection of LMs. Meanwhile, the overexpression of PKM2 in HDLECs strengthened the proliferation, migration, tubular formation, and invasion of HDLECs. The findings from further experiments in a rat LM model support that targeting PKM2 by shikonin significantly impedes the progression of LMs, even in an infected LM rat model. Taken together, these results indicate that PKM2 plays a pivotal role in the activation of LECs and promotes the progression of LMs, whereas the inhibition of PKM2 can effectively suppress the pathogenesis of LM lesions in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Zou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaodong Yang
- Department of Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Wenqun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HUbei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Yoon SY, Dieterich LC, Tacconi C, Sesartic M, He Y, Brunner L, Kwon O, Detmar M. An important role of podoplanin in hair follicle growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219938. [PMID: 31335913 PMCID: PMC6650137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a glycoprotein that is expressed by various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and lymphatic endothelial cells. We found that PDPN is expressed in the hair follicle (HF) keratinocyte region and HF stem cell area during the late anagen phase but not during the telogen phase in mice. Importantly, keratinocyte-specific PDPN deletion in mice (K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox) promoted anagen HF growth after depilation-induced HF regeneration as compared to control mice. RNA sequencing, followed by gene ontology analysis, showed down-regulation of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interaction pathways in HF stem cells isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice as compared to control mice. Furthermore, HF keratinocytes isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice exhibited a decreased ability to interact with collagen type I in cell adhesion assays. Taken together, these results show that PDPN deletion promotes HF cycling, possibly via reduced focal adhesion and concomitantly enhanced migration of HF stem cells towards the bulb region. They also indicate potential new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of conditions associated with hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Sesartic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Brunner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ward LSC, Sheriff L, Marshall JL, Manning JE, Brill A, Nash GB, McGettrick HM. Podoplanin regulates the migration of mesenchymal stromal cells and their interaction with platelets. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.222067. [PMID: 30745334 PMCID: PMC6432720 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) upregulate podoplanin at sites of infection, chronic inflammation and cancer. Here, we investigated the functional consequences of podoplanin expression on the migratory potential of MSCs and their interactions with circulating platelets. Expression of podoplanin significantly enhanced the migration of MSCs compared to MSCs lacking podoplanin. Rac-1 inhibition altered the membrane localisation of podoplanin and in turn significantly reduced MSC migration. Blocking Rac-1 activity had no effect on the migration of MSCs lacking podoplanin, indicating that it was responsible for regulation of migration through podoplanin. When podoplanin-expressing MSCs were seeded on the basal surface of a porous filter, they were able to capture platelets perfused over the uncoated apical surface and induce platelet aggregation. Similar microthrombi were observed when endothelial cells (ECs) were co-cultured on the apical surface. Confocal imaging shows podoplanin-expressing MSCs extending processes into the EC layer, and these processes could interact with circulating platelets. In both models, platelet aggregation induced by podoplanin-expressing MSCs was inhibited by treatment with recombinant soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2; encoded by the gene Clec1b). Thus, podoplanin may enhance the migratory capacity of tissue-resident MSCs and enable novel interactions with cells expressing CLEC-2. Summary: Podoplanin enhances the migration of mesenchymal stromal cells in a Rac-1-dependent manner, enabling direct interactions of subendothelial stroma with circulating platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis S C Ward
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia E Manning
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Gerard B Nash
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Podoplanin in Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030707. [PMID: 30736372 PMCID: PMC6386838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the development of the alveoli, heart, and lymphatic vascular system. Emerging evidence indicates that it is also involved in the control of mammary stem-cell activity and biogenesis of platelets in the bone marrow, and exerts an important function in the immune response. Podoplanin expression is upregulated in different cell types, including fibroblasts, macrophages, T helper cells, and epithelial cells, during inflammation and cancer, where it plays important roles. Podoplanin is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, promotes inflammation-driven and cancer-associated thrombosis, and stimulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis through a variety of strategies. To accomplish its biological functions, podoplanin must interact with other proteins located in the same cell or in neighbor cells. The binding of podoplanin to its ligands leads to modulation of signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, contractility, migration, epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of podoplanin in inflammation and cancer, depict the protein ligands of podoplanin identified so far, and discuss the mechanistic basis for the involvement of podoplanin in all these processes.
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13
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Carrasco-Ramírez P, Greening DW, Andrés G, Gopal SK, Martín-Villar E, Renart J, Simpson RJ, Quintanilla M. Podoplanin is a component of extracellular vesicles that reprograms cell-derived exosomal proteins and modulates lymphatic vessel formation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16070-89. [PMID: 26893367 PMCID: PMC4941298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, the immune response, and malignant progression. Here, we report that cells ectopically or endogenously expressing PDPN release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain PDPN mRNA and protein. PDPN incorporates into membrane shed microvesicles (MVs) and endosomal-derived exosomes (EXOs), where it was found to colocalize with the canonical EV marker CD63 by immunoelectron microscopy. We have previously found that expression of PDPN in MDCK cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Proteomic profiling of MDCK-PDPN cells compared to control cells shows that PDPN-induced EMT is associated with upregulation of oncogenic proteins and diminished expression of tumor suppressors. Proteomic analysis of exosomes reveals that MDCK-PDPN EXOs were enriched in protein cargos involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, signal transduction and, importantly, intracellular trafficking and EV biogenesis. Indeed, expression of PDPN in MDCK cells stimulated both EXO and MV production, while knockdown of endogenous PDPN in human HN5 squamous carcinoma cells reduced EXO production and inhibited tumorigenesis. EXOs released from MDCK-PDPN and control cells both stimulated in vitro angiogenesis, but only EXOs containing PDPN were shown to promote lymphatic vessel formation. This effect was mediated by PDPN on the surface of EXOs, as demonstrated by a neutralizing specific monoclonal antibody. These results contribute to our understanding of PDPN-induced EMT in association to tumor progression, and suggest an important role for PDPN in EV biogenesis and/or release and for PDPN-EXOs in modulating lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carrasco-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Germán Andrés
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shashi K Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Renart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Langan SA, Navarro-Núñez L, Watson SP, Nash GB. Modulation of VEGF-induced migration and network formation by lymphatic endothelial cells: Roles of platelets and podoplanin. Platelets 2017; 29:486-495. [PMID: 28727496 PMCID: PMC6589745 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1336210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) express the transmembrane receptor podoplanin whose only known endogenous ligand CLEC-2 is found on platelets. Both podoplanin and CLEC-2 are required for normal lymphangiogenesis as mice lacking either protein develop a blood-lymphatic mixing phenotype. We investigated the roles of podoplanin and its interaction with platelets in migration and tube formation by LEC. Addition of platelets or antibody-mediated crosslinking of podoplanin inhibited LEC migration induced by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-A or VEGF-C), but did not modify basal migration or the response to basic fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor. In addition, platelets and podoplanin crosslinking disrupted networks of LEC formed in co-culture with fibroblasts. Depletion of podoplanin in LEC using siRNA negated the pro-migratory effect of VEGF-A and VEGF-C. Inhibition of RhoA or Rho-kinase reduced LEC migration induced by VEGF-C, but had no further effect after crosslinking of podoplanin, suggesting that podoplanin is required for signaling downstream of VEGF-receptors but upstream of RhoA. Together, these data reveal for the first time that podoplanin is an intrinsic specific regulator of VEGF-mediated migration and network formation in LEC and identify crosslinking of podoplanin by platelets or antibodies as mechanisms to modulate this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Langan
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Leyre Navarro-Núñez
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Gerard B Nash
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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15
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Pathological lymphangiogenesis is modulated by galectin-8-dependent crosstalk between podoplanin and integrin-associated VEGFR-3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11302. [PMID: 27066737 PMCID: PMC4832077 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis plays a pivotal role in diverse pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-8, promotes pathological lymphangiogenesis. Galectin-8 is markedly upregulated in inflamed human and mouse corneas, and galectin-8 inhibitors reduce inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. In the mouse model of corneal allogeneic transplantation, galectin-8-induced lymphangiogenesis is associated with an increased rate of corneal graft rejection. Further, in the murine model of herpes simplex virus keratitis, corneal pathology and lymphangiogenesis are ameliorated in Lgals8(-/-) mice. Mechanistically, VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis is significantly reduced in the Lgals8(-/-) and Pdpn(-/-) mice; likewise, galectin-8-induced lymphangiogenesis is reduced in Pdpn(-/-) mice. Interestingly, knockdown of VEGFR-3 does not affect galectin-8-mediated lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) sprouting. Instead, inhibiting integrins α1β1 and α5β1 curtails both galectin-8- and VEGF-C-mediated LEC sprouting. Together, this study uncovers a unique molecular mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in which galectin-8-dependent crosstalk among VEGF-C, podoplanin and integrin pathways plays a key role.
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16
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The Formin FMNL3 Controls Early Apical Specification in Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Polarized Trafficking of Podocalyxin. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2325-31. [PMID: 26299518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the fundamental process by which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vasculature. It plays a critical role in the formation of the vasculature during development and is triggered in response to tissue hypoxia in adult organisms. This process requires complex and coordinated regulation of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton to control cell shape and polarity. In our previous work, we showed that the cytoskeletal regulator FMNL3/FRL2 controls the alignment of stabilized microtubules during polarized endothelial cell elongation and that depletion of FMNL3 retards elongation of the intersegmental vessels in zebrafish. Recent work has shown that FMNL3 is also needed for vascular lumen formation, a critical element of the formation of functional vessels. Here, we show that FMNL3 interacts with Cdc42 and RhoJ, two Rho family GTPases known to be required for lumen formation. FMNL3 and RhoJ are concentrated at the early apical surface, or AMIS, and regulate the formation of radiating actin cables from this site. In diverse biological systems, formins mediate polarized trafficking through the generation of similar actin filaments tracks. We show that FMNL3 and RhoJ are required for polarized trafficking of podocalyxin to the early apical surface--an important event in vascular lumenogenesis.
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17
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Pollitt AY, Poulter NS, Gitz E, Navarro-Nuñez L, Wang YJ, Hughes CE, Thomas SG, Nieswandt B, Douglas MR, Owen DM, Jackson DG, Dustin ML, Watson SP. Syk and Src family kinases regulate C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2)-mediated clustering of podoplanin and platelet adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35695-710. [PMID: 25368330 PMCID: PMC4276840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2) on platelets with Podoplanin on lymphatic endothelial cells initiates platelet signaling events that are necessary for prevention of blood-lymph mixing during development. In the present study, we show that CLEC-2 signaling via Src family and Syk tyrosine kinases promotes platelet adhesion to primary mouse lymphatic endothelial cells at low shear. Using supported lipid bilayers containing mobile Podoplanin, we further show that activation of Src and Syk in platelets promotes clustering of CLEC-2 and Podoplanin. Clusters of CLEC-2-bound Podoplanin migrate rapidly to the center of the platelet to form a single structure. Fluorescence lifetime imaging demonstrates that molecules within these clusters are within 10 nm of one another and that the clusters are disrupted by inhibition of Src and Syk family kinases. CLEC-2 clusters are also seen in platelets adhered to immobilized Podoplanin using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. These findings provide mechanistic insight by which CLEC-2 signaling promotes adhesion to Podoplanin and regulation of Podoplanin signaling, thereby contributing to lymphatic vasculature development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Pollitt
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Eelo Gitz
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, the University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leyre Navarro-Nuñez
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- the Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Craig E Hughes
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Thomas
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- the Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Michael R Douglas
- the School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, the Department of Neurology, Dudley Group National Health Service Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M Owen
- the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - David G Jackson
- the Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Diseases, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7FY, United Kingdom, and the Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, New York University, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Steve P Watson
- From the University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,
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Troncoso MF, Ferragut F, Bacigalupo ML, Cárdenas Delgado VM, Nugnes LG, Gentilini L, Laderach D, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Compagno D, Rabinovich GA, Elola MT. Galectin-8: a matricellular lectin with key roles in angiogenesis. Glycobiology 2014; 24:907-14. [PMID: 24939370 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (gal-8) is a "tandem-repeat"-type galectin, containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide. gal-8 is expressed both in the cytoplasm and nucleus in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from normal and tumor-associated blood vessels, and in lymphatic endothelial cells. Herein, we describe a novel role for gal-8 in the regulation of vascular and lymphatic angiogenesis and provide evidence of its critical implications in tumor biology. Functional assays revealed central roles for gal-8 in the control of capillary-tube formation, EC migration and in vivo angiogenesis. So far, two endothelial ligands have been described for gal-8, namely podoplanin in lymphatic vessels and CD166 (ALCAM, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) in vascular ECs. Other related gal-8 functions are also summarized here, including cell adhesion and migration, which collectively demonstrate the multi-functionality of this complex lectin. Thus, gal-8 is an important component of the angiogenesis network, and an essential molecule in the extracellular matrix by providing molecular anchoring to this surrounding matrix. The implications of gal-8 in tumor angiogenesis remain to be further explored, but it is exciting to speculate that modulating gal-8-glycan interactions could be used to block lymphatic-vascular connections vital for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - María L Bacigalupo
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Víctor M Cárdenas Delgado
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Lorena G Nugnes
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Lucas Gentilini
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Laderach
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
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Del Rey MJ, Faré R, Izquierdo E, Usategui A, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Suárez-Fueyo A, Cañete JD, Pablos JL. Clinicopathological correlations of podoplanin (gp38) expression in rheumatoid synovium and its potential contribution to fibroblast platelet crosstalk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99607. [PMID: 24932813 PMCID: PMC4059710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synovial fibroblasts (SF) undergo phenotypic changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that contribute to inflammatory joint destruction. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and functional significance of ectopic podoplanin (gp38) expression by RA SF. METHODS Expression of gp38 and its CLEC2 receptor was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in synovial arthroscopic biopsies from RA patients and normal and osteoarthritic controls. Correlation between gp38 expression and RA clinicopathological variables was analyzed. In patients rebiopsied after anti-TNF-α therapy, changes in gp38 expression were determined. Platelet-SF coculture and gp38 silencing in SF were used to analyze the functional contribution of gp38 to SF migratory and invasive properties, and to SF platelet crosstalk. RESULTS gp38 was abundantly but variably expressed in RA, and it was undetectable in normal synovial tissues. Among clinicopathologigal RA variables, significantly increased gp38 expression was only found in patients with lymphoid neogenesis (LN), and RF or ACPA autoantibodies. Cultured synovial but not dermal fibroblasts showed strong constitutive gp38 expression that was further induced by TNF-α. In RA patients, anti-TNF-α therapy significantly reduced synovial gp38 expression. In RA synovium, CLEC2 receptor expression was only observed in platelets. gp38 silencing in cultured SF did not modify their migratory and invasive properties but reduced the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 genes induced by SF-platelet interaction. CONCLUSIONS In RA, synovial expression of gp38 is strongly associated to LN and it is reduced after anti-TNF-α therapy. Interaction between gp38 and CLEC2 platelet receptor is feasible in RA synovium in vivo and can specifically contribute to gene expression by SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Del Rey
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Faré
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Usategui
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D. Cañete
- Unitat d’Artritis, Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bettahi I, Sun H, Gao N, Wang F, Mi X, Chen W, Liu Z, Yu FSX. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of differentially expressed genes in diabetic, healing corneal epithelial cells: hyperglycemia-suppressed TGFβ3 expression contributes to the delay of epithelial wound healing in diabetic corneas. Diabetes 2014; 63:715-27. [PMID: 24306208 PMCID: PMC3900551 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may develop corneal complications and delayed wound healing. The aims of this study are to characterize the molecular signatures and biological pathways leading to delayed epithelial wound healing and to delineate the involvement of TGFβ3 therein. Genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis revealed 1,888 differentially expressed genes in the healing epithelia of normal (NL) versus type 1 DM rat corneas. Gene ontology and enrichment analyses indicated TGFβ signaling as a major altered pathway. Among three TGFβ isoforms, TGF-β1 and β3 were upregulated in response to wounding in NL corneal epithelial cells (CECs), whereas the latter was greatly suppressed by hyperglycemia in rat type 1 and 2 and mouse type 1 DM models. Functional analysis indicated that TGF-β3 contributed to wound healing in NL corneas. Moreover, exogenously added TGF-β3 accelerated epithelial wound closure in type 2 rat and type 1 mouse DM corneas via Smad and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, autoregulation, and/or upregulation of Serpine1, a well-known TGFβ target gene. Taken together, our study for the first time provides a comprehensive list of genes differentially expressed in the healing CECs of NL versus diabetic corneas and suggests the therapeutic potential of TGF-β3 for treating corneal and skin wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Bettahi
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Haijing Sun
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Feng Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Xiaofan Mi
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomic Core Laboratory of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fu-Shin X. Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Corresponding author: Fu-Shin X. Yu,
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Platelets in lymph vessel development and integrity. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2014; 214:93-105. [PMID: 24276889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets have recently been proposed to play a critical role in the development and repair of the lymphatic system. The platelet C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2 and its ligand, the transmembrane protein Podoplanin, which is expressed at high levels on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are required to prevent mixing of the blood and lymphatic vasculatures during mid-gestation. A similar defect is seen in mice deficient in the tyrosine kinase Syk, which plays a vital role in mediating platelet activation by CLEC-2. Furthermore, blood-lymphatic mixing is also present in mice with platelet-/megakaryocyte-specific deletions of CLEC-2 and Syk, suggesting that the phenotype is platelet in origin. The molecular basis of this effect is not known, but it is independent of the major platelet receptors that support hemostasis, including integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa). Radiation chimeric mice reconstituted with CLEC-2-deficient or Syk-deficient bone marrow exhibit blood-lymphatic mixing in the intestines, illustrating a role for platelets in repair and growth of the lymphatic system. In this review, we describe the events that led to the identification of this novel role of platelets and discuss possible molecular mechanisms and the physiological and pathophysiological significance.
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22
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Madurga A, Mizíková I, Ruiz-Camp J, Morty RE. Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L893-905. [PMID: 24213917 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00267.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to early lung development, a process exemplified by the branching of the developing airways, the later development of the immature lung remains very poorly understood. A key event in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, creating a greater number of alveoli of a smaller size, which dramatically expands the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Secondary septation, together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung that minimize the distance between the inspired air and the blood, are the objectives of late lung development. The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurely born infants in which the structural development of the alveoli is blunted as a consequence of inflammation, volutrauma, and oxygen toxicity. This review aims to highlight notable recent developments in our understanding of late lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Madurga
- Dept. of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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23
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Navarro-Núñez L, Langan SA, Nash GB, Watson SP. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of platelet CLEC-2. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:991-8. [PMID: 23572154 DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CLEC-2 is a C-type lectin receptor which is highly expressed on platelets but also found at low levels on different immune cells. CLEC-2 elicits powerful platelet activation upon engagement by its endogenous ligand, the mucin-type glycoprotein podoplanin. Podoplanin is expressed in a variety of tissues, including lymphatic endothelial cells, kidney podocytes, type I lung epithelial cells, lymph node stromal cells and the choroid plexus epithelium. Animal models have shown that the correct separation of the lymphatic and blood vasculatures during embryonic development is dependent on CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation. Additionally, podoplanin-deficient mice show abnormalities in heart, lungs, and lymphoid tissues, whereas absence of CLEC-2 affects brain development. This review summarises the current understanding of the molecular pathways regulating CLEC-2 and podoplanin function and suggests other physiological and pathological processes where this molecular interaction might exert crucial roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Navarro-Núñez
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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24
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Krishnan H, Miller WT, Goldberg GS. SRC points the way to biomarkers and chemotherapeutic targets. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:426-35. [PMID: 23226580 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Src in tumorigenesis has been extensively studied since the work of Peyton Rous over a hundred years ago. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays key roles in signaling pathways controlling tumor cell growth and migration. Src regulates the activities of numerous molecules to induce cell transformation. However, transformed cells do not always migrate and realize their tumorigenic potential. They can be normalized by surrounding nontransformed cells by a process called contact normalization. Tumor cells need to override contact normalization to become malignant or metastatic. In this review, we discuss the role of Src in cell migration and contact normalization, with emphasis on Cas and Abl pathways. This paradigm illuminates several chemotherapeutic targets and may lead to the identification of new biomarkers and the development of effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Krishnan
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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25
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Astarita JL, Acton SE, Turley SJ. Podoplanin: emerging functions in development, the immune system, and cancer. Front Immunol 2012; 3:283. [PMID: 22988448 PMCID: PMC3439854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a well-conserved, mucin-type transmembrane protein expressed in multiple tissues during ontogeny and in adult animals, including the brain, heart, kidney, lungs, osteoblasts, and lymphoid organs. Studies of PDPN-deficient mice have demonstrated that this molecule plays a critical role in development of the heart, lungs, and lymphatic system. PDPN is widely used as a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticular cells of lymphoid organs and for lymphatics in the skin and tumor microenvironment. Much of the mechanistic insight into PDPN biology has been gleaned from studies of tumor cells; tumor cells often upregulate PDPN as they undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and this upregulation is correlated with increased motility and metastasis. The physiological role of PDPN that has been most studied is its ability to aggregate and activate CLEC-2-expressing platelets, as PDPN is the only known endogenous ligand for CLEC-2. However, more recent studies have revealed that PDPN also plays crucial roles in the biology of immune cells, including T cells and dendritic cells. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles of PDPN in development, immunology, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Astarita
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA ; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Elbediwy A, Zihni C, Terry SJ, Clark P, Matter K, Balda MS. Epithelial junction formation requires confinement of Cdc42 activity by a novel SH3BP1 complex. J Cell Biol 2012; 198:677-93. [PMID: 22891260 PMCID: PMC3514035 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201202094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell-cell adhesion and morphogenesis require dynamic control of actin-driven membrane remodeling. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42 regulates sequential molecular processes during cell-cell junction formation; hence, mechanisms must exist that inactivate Cdc42 in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. In this paper, we identify SH3BP1, a GTPase-activating protein for Cdc42 and Rac, as a regulator of junction assembly and epithelial morphogenesis using a functional small interfering ribonucleic acid screen. Depletion of SH3BP1 resulted in loss of spatial control of Cdc42 activity, stalled membrane remodeling, and enhanced growth of filopodia. SH3BP1 formed a complex with JACOP/paracingulin, a junctional adaptor, and CD2AP, a scaffolding protein; both were required for normal Cdc42 signaling and junction formation. The filamentous actin-capping protein CapZ also associated with the SH3BP1 complex and was required for control of actin remodeling. Epithelial junction formation and morphogenesis thus require a dual activity complex, containing SH3BP1 and CapZ, that is recruited to sites of active membrane remodeling to guide Cdc42 signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbediwy
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, England,
UK
| | - Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, England,
UK
| | - Stephen J. Terry
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, England,
UK
| | - Peter Clark
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial
College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, England,
UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, England,
UK
| | - Maria S. Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, England,
UK
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27
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Ochoa-Alvarez JA, Krishnan H, Shen Y, Acharya NK, Han M, McNulty DE, Hasegawa H, Hyodo T, Senga T, Geng JG, Kosciuk M, Shin SS, Goydos JS, Temiakov D, Nagele RG, Goldberg GS. Plant lectin can target receptors containing sialic acid, exemplified by podoplanin, to inhibit transformed cell growth and migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41845. [PMID: 22844530 PMCID: PMC3402461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death of men and women worldwide. Tumor cell motility contributes to metastatic invasion that causes the vast majority of cancer deaths. Extracellular receptors modified by α2,3-sialic acids that promote this motility can serve as ideal chemotherapeutic targets. For example, the extracellular domain of the mucin receptor podoplanin (PDPN) is highly O-glycosylated with α2,3-sialic acid linked to galactose. PDPN is activated by endogenous ligands to induce tumor cell motility and metastasis. Dietary lectins that target proteins containing α2,3-sialic acid inhibit tumor cell growth. However, anti-cancer lectins that have been examined thus far target receptors that have not been identified. We report here that a lectin from the seeds of Maackia amurensis (MASL) with affinity for O-linked carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid targets PDPN to inhibit transformed cell growth and motility at nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the biological activity of this lectin survives gastrointestinal proteolysis and enters the cardiovascular system to inhibit melanoma cell growth, migration, and tumorigenesis. These studies demonstrate how lectins may be used to help develop dietary agents that target specific receptors to combat malignant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Alberto Ochoa-Alvarez
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey, United States of America
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Podoplanin Lymphatic Density and Invasion Correlate With Adverse Clinicopathologic and Biological Factors and Survival in Neuroblastomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:908-15. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31824c0db9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Osada M, Inoue O, Ding G, Shirai T, Ichise H, Hirayama K, Takano K, Yatomi Y, Hirashima M, Fujii H, Suzuki-Inoue K, Ozaki Y. Platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 regulates blood/lymphatic vessel separation by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22241-52. [PMID: 22556408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 plays crucial roles in thrombosis/hemostasis, tumor metastasis, and lymphangiogenesis, although its role in thrombosis/hemostasis remains controversial. An endogenous ligand for CLEC-2, podoplanin, is expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We and others have reported that CLEC-2-deficiency is lethal at mouse embryonic/neonatal stages associated with blood-filled lymphatics, indicating that CLEC-2 is essential for blood/lymphatic vessel separation. However, its mechanism, and whether CLEC-2 in platelets is necessary for this separation, remains unknown. We found that specific deletion of CLEC-2 from platelets leads to the misconnection of blood/lymphatic vessels. CLEC-2(+/+) platelets, but not by CLEC-2(-/-) platelets, inhibited LEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation but had no effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, supernatants from activated platelets significantly inhibited these three functions in LECs, suggesting that released granule contents regulate blood/lymphatic vessel separation. Bone morphologic protein-9 (BMP-9), which we found to be present in platelets and released upon activation, appears to play a key role in regulating LEC functions. Only BMP-9 inhibited tube formation, although other releasates including transforming growth factor-β and platelet factor 4 inhibited proliferation and/or migration. We propose that platelets regulate blood/lymphatic vessel separation by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of LECs, mainly because of the release of BMP-9 upon activation by CLEC-2/podoplanin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Osada
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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30
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Kerrigan AM, Navarro-Nuñez L, Pyz E, Finney BA, Willment JA, Watson SP, Brown GD. Podoplanin-expressing inflammatory macrophages activate murine platelets via CLEC-2. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:484-6. [PMID: 22212362 PMCID: PMC3433653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Tao S, Feng J, Webster T, Jin G, Hsu FC, Chen SH, Kim ST, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zheng SL, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Sun J. Genome-wide two-locus epistasis scans in prostate cancer using two European populations. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1225-34. [PMID: 22367438 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, these GWAS-identified PCa risk-associated SNPs can explain only a small proportion of heritability (~13%) of PCa risk. Gene-gene interaction is speculated to be one of the major factors contributing to the so-called missing heritability. To evaluate the gene-gene interaction and PCa risk, we performed a two-stage genome-wide gene-gene interaction scan using a novel statistical approach named "Boolean Operation-based Screening and Testing". In the first stage, we exhaustively evaluated all pairs of SNP-SNP interactions for ~500,000 SNPs in 1,176 PCa cases and 1,101 control subjects from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study. No SNP-SNP interaction reached a genome-wide significant level of 4.4E-13. The second stage of the study involved evaluation of the top 1,325 pairs of SNP-SNP interactions (P(interaction) <1.0E-08) implicated in CGEMS in another GWAS population of 1,964 PCa cases from the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and 3,172 control subjects from the Illumina iControl database. Sixteen pairs of SNP-SNP interactions were significant in the JHH population at a P(interaction) cutoff of 0.01. However, none of the 16 pairs of SNP-SNP interactions were significant after adjusting for multiple tests. The current study represents one of the first attempts to explore the high-dimensional etiology of PCa on a genome-wide scale. Our results suggested a list of SNP-SNP interactions that can be followed in other replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Prevention, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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32
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Finney BA, Schweighoffer E, Navarro-Núñez L, Bénézech C, Barone F, Hughes CE, Langan SA, Lowe KL, Pollitt AY, Mourao-Sa D, Sheardown S, Nash GB, Smithers N, Reis e Sousa C, Tybulewicz VLJ, Watson SP. CLEC-2 and Syk in the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage are essential for development. Blood 2012; 119:1747-56. [PMID: 22186994 PMCID: PMC3351942 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-380709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2 signals through a pathway that is critically dependent on the tyrosine kinase Syk. We show that homozygous loss of either protein results in defects in brain vascular and lymphatic development, lung inflation, and perinatal lethality. Furthermore, we find that conditional deletion of Syk in the hematopoietic lineage, or conditional deletion of CLEC-2 or Syk in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage, also causes defects in brain vascular and lymphatic development, although the mice are viable. In contrast, conditional deletion of Syk in other hematopoietic lineages had no effect on viability or brain vasculature and lymphatic development. We show that platelets, but not platelet releasate, modulate the migration and intercellular adhesion of lymphatic endothelial cells through a pathway that depends on CLEC-2 and Syk. These studies found that megakaryocyte/platelet expression of CLEC-2 and Syk is required for normal brain vasculature and lymphatic development and that platelet CLEC-2 and Syk directly modulate lymphatic endothelial cell behavior in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Finney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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33
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Blei F. Literature Watch. Lymphat Res Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2011.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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