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Danila E, Aleksonienė R, Besusparis J, Gruslys V, Jurgauskienė L, Laurinavičienė A, Laurinavičius A, Mainelis A, Zablockis R, Zeleckienė I, Žurauskas E, Malickaitė R. Lymphocyte Subsets and Pulmonary Nodules to Predict the Progression of Sarcoidosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051437. [PMID: 37239108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for biological markers, which allow a relatively accurate assessment of the individual course of pulmonary sarcoidosis at the time of diagnosis, remains one of the research priorities in this field of pulmonary medicine. The aim of our study was to investigate possible prognostic factors for pulmonary sarcoidosis with a special focus on cellular immune inflammation markers. A 2-year follow-up of the study population after the initial prospective and simultaneous analysis of lymphocyte activation markers expression in the blood, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung biopsy tissue of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis, was performed. We found that some blood and BAL fluid immunological markers and lung computed tomography (CT) patterns have been associated with a different course of sarcoidosis. We revealed five markers that had a significant negative association with the course of sarcoidosis (worsening pulmonary function tests and/or the chest CT changes)-blood CD4+CD31+ and CD4+CD44+ T lymphocytes, BALF CD8+CD31+ and CD8+CD103+ T lymphocytes and a number of lung nodules on chest CT at the time of the diagnosis. Cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio for predictors of sarcoidosis progression were calculated. These markers may be reasonable predictors of sarcoidosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvardas Danila
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Regina Aleksonienė
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Besusparis
- National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vygantas Gruslys
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimutė Jurgauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Laurinavičienė
- National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavičius
- National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Mainelis
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Zablockis
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Zeleckienė
- Center of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Žurauskas
- National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Radvilė Malickaitė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Ford ML, Ruwanpathirana A, Lewis BW, Britt RD. Aging-Related Mechanisms Contribute to Corticosteroid Insensitivity in Elderly Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6347. [PMID: 37047327 PMCID: PMC10093993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma in elderly populations is an increasing health problem that is accompanied by diminished lung function and frequent exacerbations. As potent anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce lung inflammation, improve lung function, and manage disease symptoms in asthma. Although effective for most individuals, older patients are more insensitive to corticosteroids, making it difficult to manage asthma in this population. With the number of individuals older than 65 continuing to increase, it is important to understand the distinct mechanisms that promote corticosteroid insensitivity in the aging lung. In this review, we discuss corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma with an emphasis on mechanisms that contribute to persistent inflammation and diminished lung function in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Ford
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anushka Ruwanpathirana
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brandon W. Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Rodney D. Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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3
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Bai Y, Guedes AGP, Krishnan R, Ai X. CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1643-1654.e8. [PMID: 34800431 PMCID: PMC9081122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatal mice, but not adult mice, is caused by elevated innervation and consequent cholinergic hyperstimulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Whether this inflammation-independent mechanism contributes to ASM hypercontraction in childhood asthma warrants investigation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the functional connection between cholinergic stimulation and ASM contractility in different human age groups. METHODS First, we used a neonatal mouse model of asthma to identify age-related mediators of cholinergic deregulation of ASM contractility. Next, we conducted validation and mechanistic studies in primary human ASM cells and precision-cut lung slices from young (<5 years old) and adult (>20 years old) donor lungs. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the identified cholinergic signaling mediators using culture models of human ASM hypercontraction. RESULTS ASM hypercontraction due to cholinergic deregulation in early postnatal life requires CD38. Mechanistically, cholinergic signaling activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in immature ASM cells to upregulate CD38 levels, thereby augmenting the Ca2+ response to contractile agonists. Strikingly, this early-life, CD38-mediated ASM hypercontraction is not alleviated by the β-agonist formoterol. CONCLUSIONS The acetylcholine-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B-CD38 axis is a critical mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness in early postnatal life. Targeting this axis may provide a tailored treatment for children at high risk for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Gan L, Liu D, Liu J, Chen E, Chen C, Liu L, Hu H, Guan X, Ma W, Zhang Y, He Y, Liu B, Tang S, Jiang W, Xue J, Xin H. CD38 deficiency alleviates Ang II-induced vascular remodeling by inhibiting small extracellular vesicle-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:223. [PMID: 34112762 PMCID: PMC8192533 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD38 is the main enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation in mammalian cells. Decreased NAD levels are closely related to metabolic syndromes and aging-related diseases. Our study showed that CD38 deficiency significantly alleviated angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling in mice, as shown by decreased blood pressures; reduced vascular media thickness, media-to-lumen ratio, and collagen deposition; and restored elastin expression. However, our bone marrow transplantation assay showed that CD38 deficiency in lymphocytes led to lack of protection against Ang II-induced vascular remodeling, suggesting that the effects of CD38 on Ang II-induced vascular remodeling might rely primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), not lymphocytes. In addition, we observed that CD38 deficiency or NAD supplementation remarkably mitigated Ang II-induced vascular senescence by suppressing the biogenesis, secretion, and internalization of senescence-associated small extracellular vesicles (SA-sEVs), which facilitated the senescence of neighboring non-damaged VSMCs. Furthermore, we found that the protective effects of CD38 deficiency on VSMC senescence were related to restoration of lysosome dysfunction, particularly with respect to the maintenance of sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis and activation of the mitochondria-lysosomal axis in VSMCs. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that CD38 and its associated intracellular NAD decline are critical for Ang II-induced VSMC senescence and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Demin Liu
- Cardiology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Hu
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ma
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong He
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bofu Liu
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Songling Tang
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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Aleksonienė R, Besusparis J, Gruslys V, Jurgauskienė L, Laurinavičienė A, Laurinavičius A, Malickaitė R, Norkūnienė J, Zablockis R, Žurauskas E, Danila E. CD31 +, CD38 +, CD44 +, and CD103 + lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung biopsy tissue in sarcoid patients and controls. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2300-2318. [PMID: 34012580 PMCID: PMC8107533 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms driving the transition from inflammation to fibrosis in sarcoidosis patients are poorly understood; prognostic features are lacking. Immune cell profiling may provide insights into pathogenesis and prognostic factors of the disease. This study aimed to establish associations in simultaneous of lymphocyte subset profiles in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung biopsy tissue in the patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis. Methods A total of 71 sarcoid patients (SPs) and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled into the study. CD31, CD38, CD44, CD103 positive T lymphocytes in blood and BALF were analysed. Additionally, the densities of CD4, CD8, CD38, CD44, CD103 positive cells in lung tissue biopsies were estimated by digital image analysis. Results Main findings: (I) increase of percentage of CD3+CD4+CD38+ in BALF and blood, and increase of percentage of CD3+CD4+CD44+ in BALF in Löfgren syndrome patients comparing with patients without Löfgren syndrome, (II) increase of percentage of CD3+CD4+103+ in BALF and in blood in patients without Löfgren syndrome (comparing with Löfgren syndrome patients) and increase of percentage of CD3+CD4+103+ in BALF and in blood in more advanced sarcoidosis stage. (III) Increasing percentage of BALF CD3+CD4+CD31+ in sarcoidosis patients when comparing with controls independently of presence of Löfgren syndrome, smoking status or stage of sarcoidosis. Several significant correlations were found. Conclusions Lymphocyte subpopulations in blood, BALF, and lung tissue were substantially different in SPs at the time of diagnosis compared to HCs. CD3+CD4+CD31+ in BALF might be a potential supporting marker for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. CD3+CD4+CD38+ in BALF and blood and CD3+CD4+CD44+ in BALF may be markers of the acute immune response in sarcoidosis patients. CD4+CD103+ T-cells in BALF and in blood are markers of the persistent immune response in sarcoidosis patients and are potential prognostic features of the chronic course of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Aleksonienė
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology of Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Besusparis
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vygantas Gruslys
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology of Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aida Laurinavičienė
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavičius
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jolita Norkūnienė
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Zablockis
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology of Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Žurauskas
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Danila
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology of Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Mackel JJ, Garth JM, Jones M, Ellis DA, Blackburn JP, Yu Z, Matalon S, Curtiss M, Lund FE, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Steele C. Chitinase 3-like-1 protects airway function despite promoting type 2 inflammation during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L615-L626. [PMID: 33533316 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00528.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mackel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaleesa M Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Miranda Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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7
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Li Y, Xu C, Wang H, Liu X, Jiang L, Liang S, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhou J, Xiao W, Guo Z, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology reveals the multi-level synergetic mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves for cardiomyopathy treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113279. [PMID: 32810617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure and may lead to increased risk of sudden cardiac death, lacking simple, safe and effective treatment strategies due to unclear pathogenesis. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBLs), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used in clinical medicine for improving blood circulation, and was demonstrated to be effective on cardiomyopathy in preclinical studies. However, because of the widely known holistic therapeutic philosophy via multi-target and multi-pathway effect for most TCMs, to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms of action (MoA) remains a great challenge. AIM OF STUDY Decipher the underlying MoA of GBLs for cardiomyopathy treatment: Study design and methods: An integrated systems pharmacology framework was employed to screen potential active compounds, identify therapeutic targets, explore the action pathways and verify mechanisms of GBLs with in vitro experiments. RESULTS We firstly confirmed the therapeutic effect of GBLs on cardiomyopathy and subsequently screened 27 active compounds from GBLs according to their pharmacokinetic properties. Then Probability Ensemble Approach was applied to identify the compound combinations that exert synergetic effect from GBLs. Network analysis and functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these compounds exhibit synergistic therapeutic effect by acting on multiple targets and thereby regulating multiple pathways mainly involved in pro-survival, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. Finally, using a doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury model, therapeutic effect of ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, isorhamnetin, as well as their synergistic effect on PI3K-AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways were validated in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrated that Ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDJ), an approved injection derived from GBLs, could be a promising agent for cardiomyopathy treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, the multi-level synergetic mechanism of GBLs on cardiomyopathy treatment was demonstrated with systems pharmacology approach, providing a paradigm for deciphering the complicated MoA of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Haiqing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army 69224 Army Hospital, Kuche, Xinjiang, 842000, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Shengnan Liang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Ziyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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8
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Graeff R, Guedes A, Quintana R, Wendt-Hornickle E, Baldo C, Walseth T, O’Grady S, Kannan M. Novel Pathway of Adenosine Generation in the Lungs from NAD +: Relevance to Allergic Airway Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214966. [PMID: 33120985 PMCID: PMC7663290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and uric acid (UA) play a pivotal role in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present experiments, we measured adenosine synthesis from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in membranes prepared from wild type (WT) and CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mouse lungs, from cultured airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after airway challenge with epidemiologically relevant allergens. Adenosine was determined using an enzymatically coupled assay that produces ATP and is detected by luminescence. Uric acid was determined by ELISA. Exposure of cultured airway epithelial cells to Alternaria alternata extract caused significant nucleotide (NAD+ and ATP) release in the culture media. The addition of NAD+ to membranes prepared from WT mice resulted in faster generation of adenosine compared to membranes from CD38KO mice. Formation of adenosine from NAD+ affected UA and ATP concentrations, its main downstream molecules. Furthermore, NAD+ and adenosine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased significantly following airway challenge with house-dust mite extract in WT but not in CD38KO mice. Thus, NAD+ is a significant source of adenosine and UA in the airways in mouse models of allergic airway disease, and the capacity for their generation from NAD+ is augmented by CD38, a major NADase with high affinity for NAD+. This novel non-canonical NAD+-adenosine-UA pathway that is triggered by allergens has not been previously described in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Graeff
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Ruth Quintana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Erin Wendt-Hornickle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Baldo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Timothy Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Scott O’Grady
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Mathur Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Guedes AG, Dileepan M, Jude JA, Deshpande DA, Walseth TF, Kannan MS. Role of CD38/cADPR signaling in obstructive pulmonary diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:29-33. [PMID: 32480246 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide socioeconomical burden associated with chronic respiratory diseases is substantial. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are increasingly being implicated in chronic airway diseases. One such enzyme, CD38, utilizes NAD to produce several metabolites, including cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), which is involved in calcium signaling in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Upregulation of CD38 in ASM caused by exposure to cytokines or allergens leads to enhanced calcium mobilization by agonists and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to contractile agonists. Glucocorticoids and microRNAs can suppress CD38 expression in ASM, whereas cADPR antagonists such as 8Br-cADPR can directly antagonize intracellular calcium mobilization. Bronchodilators act via CD38-independent mechanisms. CD38-dependent mechanisms could be developed for chronic airway diseases therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gp Guedes
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.
| | - Mythili Dileepan
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Joseph A Jude
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mathur S Kannan
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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10
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Li JP, Wei W, Li XX, Xu M. Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by CD38 through cADPR-mediated Ca 2+ release in vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic mice. Life Sci 2020; 255:117758. [PMID: 32407845 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation contributes to the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. CD38 regulates vascular inflammation through cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ca2+ mobilization may modulate inflammasome activation by impacting mitochondrial function. However, it remains unclear whether CD38 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in VSMCs through cADPR-dependent Ca2+ release under diabetic condition. Main methods and key findings: In VSMCs, we observed that high glucose (HG, 30 mM) enhanced CD38 protein expression and ADP ribosyl cyclase activity. Moreover, along with less abundance of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and their colocalization, the expression of active caspase-1(p20) and IL-1β were significantly inhibited by CD38 gene deficiency with siRNA transfection in VSMCs. Further, CD38 regulated the release of intracellular cADPR-mediated Ca2+ and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the cytosol, which was associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and VSMCs proliferation and collagen I synthesis. Finally, we found that CD38 inhibitors, nicotinamide and telmisartan significantly improved the endothelium-independent contraction and vascular remodeling, which was also associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the aorta media in the diabetic mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggested that CD38/cADPR-mediated Ca2+ signaling contributed to the mitochondrial damage, consequently released mtDNA to the cytosol, which was related with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and VSMCs remodeling in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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The Good, the Bad and the Unknown of CD38 in the Metabolic Microenvironment and Immune Cell Functionality of Solid Tumors. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010052. [PMID: 31878283 PMCID: PMC7016859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the immune microenvironment within solid tumors has received increasing attention with the development and clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade therapies, such as those that target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The metabolic microenvironment within solid tumors has proven to be an important regulator of both the natural suppression of immune cell functionality and the de novo or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Enzymatic proteins that generate immunosuppressive metabolites like adenosine are thus attractive targets to couple with immunotherapies to improve clinical efficacy. CD38 is one such enzyme. While the role of CD38 in hematological malignancies has been extensively studied, the impact of CD38 expression within solid tumors is largely unknown, though most current data indicate an immunosuppressive role for CD38. However, CD38 is far from a simple enzyme, and there are several remaining questions that require further study. To effectively treat solid tumors, we must learn as much about this multifaceted protein as possible—i.e., which infiltrating immune cell types express CD38 for functional activities, the most effective CD38 inhibitor(s) to employ, and the influence of other similarly functioning enzymes that may also contribute towards an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Gathering knowledge such as this will allow for intelligent targeting of CD38, the reinvigoration of immune functionality and, ultimately, tumor elimination.
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12
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Pan Y, Li W, Feng Y, Xu J, Cao H. Edaravone attenuates experimental asthma in mice through induction of HO-1 and the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1407-1416. [PMID: 32010316 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease that threatens public health worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Edaravone (Eda), a free radical scavenger, has been found to have a protective effect against lung injury due to its ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Eda on asthma and the mechanism underlying its actions. An experimental asthma model was induced in mice, before they were treated with different doses of Eda. Measurements of airway responsiveness to methacholine (Mch), cell counts and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and of the oxidative products and antioxidant enzymes in lung tissue were taken in these asthma model mice and compared with control mice. Protein levels of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined in the lung tissue of normal mice and Nrf2 and HO-1-deficient mice subject to the asthma model to investigate the mechanisms underlying Eda action. The results indicated that Eda effectively reduced airway responsiveness to Mch. The total number of cells and the numbers of eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF of asthma model mice were also significantly reduced by Eda treatment when compared with normal saline treatment. Eda treatment significantly alleviated perivascular edema, peribronchial inflammation and macrophage infiltration in the alveolar space and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines released in BALF compared with control. Eda also significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers in BALF and restored the levels of antioxidative enzyme, superoxide dismutase, when compared with control. The Keap1/Nrf2 ratio was significantly decreased with Eda compared with control due to an increase in Nrf2 and a decrease in Keap1 expression. HO-1 expression was increased by Eda. The airway responsiveness of Nrf2-/- mice or HO-1-/- mice to Mch was significantly higher compared with normal mice treated with Eda. Taken together, the results of the present study show that Eda exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which suggests a potential use for Eda in reduction of asthma severity. The activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and HO-1 may be involved in the anti-asthmatic effect of Eda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Cao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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13
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CD38/cADPR Signaling Pathway in Airway Disease: Regulatory Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8942042. [PMID: 29576747 PMCID: PMC5821947 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8942042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which proinflammatory cytokines have a role in inducing abnormalities of airway smooth muscle function and in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Inflammatory cytokines alter calcium (Ca2+) signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle, which results in nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness to agonists. In this context, Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms in airway smooth muscle and changes in these regulatory mechanisms encompass a major component of airway hyperresponsiveness. Although dynamic Ca2+ regulation is complex, phospholipase C/inositol tris-phosphate (PLC/IP3) and CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose (CD38/cADPR) are two major pathways mediating agonist-induced Ca2+ regulation in airway smooth muscle. Altered CD38 expression or enhanced cyclic ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity associated with CD38 contributes to human pathologies such as asthma, neoplasia, and neuroimmune diseases. This review is focused on investigations on the role of CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signaling in airway smooth muscle in the context of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CD38 expression. The specific roles of transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression and of miRNAs miR-140-3p and miR-708 in the posttranscriptional regulation and the underlying mechanisms of such regulation are discussed.
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14
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Chong L, Zhang W, Yu G, Zhang H, Zhu L, Li H, Shao Y, Li C. High-fat-diet induces airway hyperresponsiveness partly through activating CD38 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:197-204. [PMID: 29414651 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is a plasma membrane bound multifunctional enzyme. It can be activated by inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-13, inducing calcium responses to agonist in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Previous studies have found that high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obesity exhibited innate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). This study aimed to detect the effect of CD38 signaling pathway on the AHR of overweight/obese mice. The HFD-fed mice exhibited a significantly higher baseline airway resistance (Rn), and the increasing rates of Rn responded to increasing doses of methacholine compared with the LFD-fed mice. High-fat-diet increased CD38 expressions both in lung tissues and primary cultured ASMCs. Besides, preincubation with TNF-α led to a higher expression of CD38 protein and increased intracellular calcium in ASMC of the HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, CD38 gene knockdown through transfection of CD38 siRNA decreased the concentration of intracellular calcium. Additionally, the upregulations of CD38 protein and CD38 mRNA were also found in the lung tissues of HFD-fed mice challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). Collectively, our findings demonstrated a role of CD38 signaling pathway on the AHR of obesity and might be a potential therapeutic target for treating difficult-to-control obese asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chong
- Institute of Pediatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youyou Shao
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changchong Li
- Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Deshpande DA, Guedes AGP, Lund FE, Subramanian S, Walseth TF, Kannan MS. CD38 in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease: Potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 172:116-126. [PMID: 27939939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) to cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) and adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR) and NADP to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and adenosine diphosphoribose-2'-phosphate (ADPR-P). The metabolites of NAD and NADP have roles in calcium signaling in different cell types including airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In ASM cells, inflammatory cytokines augment CD38 expression and to a greater magnitude in cells from asthmatics, indicating a greater capacity for the generation of cADPR and ADPR in ASM from asthmatics. CD38 deficient mice develop attenuated airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine following allergen sensitization and challenge compared to wild-type mice indicating its potential role in asthma. Regulation of CD38 expression in ASM cells is achieved by mitogen activated protein kinases, specific isoforms of PI3 kinases, the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, and post-transcriptionally by microRNAs. This review will focus on the role of CD38 in intracellular calcium regulation in ASM, contribution to airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation of expression, and outline approaches to inhibit its expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA
| | - Mathur S Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA.
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16
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Deshpande DA, Dileepan M, Walseth TF, Subramanian S, Kannan MS. MicroRNA Regulation of Airway Inflammation and Airway Smooth Muscle Function: Relevance to Asthma. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:286-95. [PMID: 26587803 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and severity of asthma. Molecular pathogenesis of asthma involves changes in gene expression by a variety of inflammatory mediators acting in autocrine and paracrine fashion on effector cells of the airways. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in resident airway cells has been studied extensively. However, protein function in a target cell can be regulated at multiple levels starting from transcription followed by post-transcription, translation, and post-translation steps. In this context, small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have evolved as one of the key regulators of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Most importantly, miRNA expression is dynamic in nature and can be regulated by a variety of external stimuli. Altered expression of individual or a group of miRNAs is thought to contribute to human diseases. Recent studies have implicated differential expression of miRNAs in the lungs during inflammation. Most importantly, advanced biochemical and molecular tools could be used to manipulate miRNA expression thereby effecting functional changes in target cells and organ systems. This review summarizes the current understanding of miRNA in the regulation of airway function in health and disease, and highlights the potential clinical utility of mRNAs as biomarkers of airway diseases and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - T F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - M S Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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