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McDonald CM, Reid EK, Pohl JF, Yuzyuk TK, Padula LM, Vavrina K, Altman K. Cystic fibrosis and fat malabsorption: Pathophysiology of the cystic fibrosis gastrointestinal tract and the impact of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39 Suppl 1:S57-S77. [PMID: 38429959 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic, multi-organ disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. CF can affect any aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GI pathophysiology associated with CF results from CF membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The majority of people with CF (pwCF) experience exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition. Additionally, other factors can cause or worsen fat malabsorption, including the potential for short gut syndrome with a history of meconium ileus, hepatobiliary diseases, and disrupted intraluminal factors, such as inadequate bile salts, abnormal pH, intestinal microbiome changes, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Signs and symptoms associated with fat malabsorption, such as abdominal pain, bloating, malodorous flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, anorexia, steatorrhea, constipation, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, are seen in pwCF despite the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Given the association of poor nutrition status with lung function decline and increased mortality, aggressive nutrition support is essential in CF care to optimize growth in children and to achieve and maintain a healthy body mass index in adults. The introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy and other advances in CF care have profoundly changed the course of CF management. However, GI symptoms in some pwCF may persist. The use of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the CF GI tract as well as appropriate, individualized management of GI symptoms continue to be integral components of care for pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Reid
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Pohl
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tatiana K Yuzyuk
- Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura M Padula
- Pediatric Specialty, University Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kay Vavrina
- Pediatric Specialty, University Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly Altman
- Gunnar Esiason Adult Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Lonabaugh K, Li G, List R, Huang R, James A, Barros A, Somerville L, Albon D. Real world study on elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor impact on cholesterol levels in adults with cystic fibrosis. Pharmacotherapy 2024; 44:231-240. [PMID: 38143243 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of the highly effective modulator therapy elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) has revolutionized the care of persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) with major improvements seen in lung function and body mass index. The effects of ETI therapy in real-world cohorts on other parameters such as cholesterol levels are largely unknown. METHODS A single-center, retrospective chart review study was conducted to assess the change in lipid panels before and after ETI initiation. The study investigated total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride levels using both a univariate and multivariate mixed-effects model to evaluate the change after initiation of ETI in a cohort of PwCF. RESULTS There were 128 adult PwCF included in the analysis. Statistically significant changes were seen in both univariate and multivariate analyses for TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C. On multivariate analysis, TC increased by an average of 15.0 mg/dL after ETI initiation (p < 0.0001), LDL-C increased by an average of 9.3 mg/dL (p < 0.001), and HDL-C increased by an average of 3.8 mg/dL (p < 0.001) after ETI initiation. CONCLUSION In this real-world cohort of PwCF, cholesterol parameters increased after initiation with ETI therapy. Further consideration may need to be given for PwCF in regards to screening for cardiometabolic risk factors as PwCF age as well as the potential need for cholesterol-lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lonabaugh
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Galvin Li
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rhonda List
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Reyna Huang
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amber James
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew Barros
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Dana Albon
- University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Yuzyuk T, McDonald CM, Zuromski LM, De Biase I, Johnson L, Williams N, Meihls S, Asfour F. Improvement of lipid and lipoprotein profiles in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis on CFTR modulator therapy. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1027-1035. [PMID: 37453889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of a high-fat diet with increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, has prompted evaluation of lipids in people with CF (pwCF). However, most evidence on dyslipidemia was published before CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators became a standard of care. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of CFTR modulator therapies on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in children and adolescents with CF. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 153 pwCF (10.1 ± 4.7 years of age) and 60 age-matched controls. Most pwCF were pancreatic insufficient on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. By the end of the study, 65% of CF participants were on CFTR modulator therapy for >1 month. The results of traditional and advanced lipid testing in pwCF were correlated with clinical and dietary information. RESULTS Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly lower in pwCF compared to non-CF participants. Those not receiving CFTR modulators also had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL particle number than controls. Individuals with CF on modulator therapy had significantly higher concentrations of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol and HDL particles along with lower levels of atherogenic large very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, total and small LDL particles, and triglycerides compared to those without CFTR modulator therapy. CONCLUSION CFTR modulator therapy has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia in CF. It remains to be seen if these positive changes translate into decreased CVD risk later in life given the increasing life expectancy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | - Lauren M Zuromski
- ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Irene De Biase
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Nicole Williams
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Suzanne Meihls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fadi Asfour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Schnitker F, Liu Y, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Verhasselt HL, Kehrmann J, Grassmé H, Kamler M, Gulbins E, Wu Y. Reduced Sphingosine in Cystic Fibrosis Increases Susceptibility to Mycobacterium abscessus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14004. [PMID: 37762308 PMCID: PMC10530875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and often leads to pulmonary infections caused by various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and nontuberculous mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium abscessus. Unfortunately, M. abscessus infections are increasing in prevalence and are associated with the rapid deterioration of CF patients. The treatment options for M. abscessus infections are limited, requiring the urgent need to comprehend infectious pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic interventions targeting affected CF patients. Here, we show that the deficiency of CFTR reduces sphingosine levels in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages from CF mice and humans. Decreased sphingosine contributes to the susceptibility of CF tissues to M. abscessus infection, resulting in a higher incidence of infections in CF mice. Notably, treatment of M. abscessus with sphingosine demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against the pathogen. Most importantly, restoration of sphingosine levels in CF cells, whether human or mouse, and in the lungs of CF mice, provided protection against M. abscessus infections. Our findings demonstrate that pulmonary sphingosine levels are important in controlling M. abscessus infection. These results offer a promising therapeutic avenue for CF patients with pulmonary M. abscessus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schnitker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Thoracic Transplantation, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Hedda Luise Verhasselt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (H.L.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (H.L.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Markus Kamler
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Thoracic Transplantation, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.S.); (Y.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (E.G.)
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5
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Dobi D, Loberto N, Bassi R, Pistocchi A, Lunghi G, Tamanini A, Aureli M. Cross-talk between CFTR and sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1601-1614. [PMID: 37315117 PMCID: PMC10476574 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited, life-limiting disorder in Caucasian populations. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which lead to an impairment of protein expression and/or function. CFTR is a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells of different organs. Nowadays, more than 2100 CFTR genetic variants have been described, but not all of them cause CF. However, around 80-85% of the patients worldwide are characterized by the presence, at least in one allele, of the mutation F508del. CFTR mutations cause aberrant hydration and secretion of mucus in hollow organs. In the lungs, this condition favors bacterial colonization, allowing the development of chronic infections that lead to the onset of the CF lung disease, which is the main cause of death in patients. In recent years, evidence has reported that CFTR loss of function is responsible for alterations in a particular class of bioactive lipids, called sphingolipids (SL). SL are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells and are mainly asymmetrically located within the external leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they organize specific platforms capable of segregating a selected number of proteins. CFTR is associated with these platforms that are fundamental for its functioning. Considering the importance of SL in CFTR homeostasis, we attempt here to provide a critical overview of the literature to determine the role of these lipids in channel stability and activity, and whether their modulation in CF could be a target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Dobi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and MovementUniversity of VeronaItaly
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
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Endres T, Duesler L, Corey DA, Kelley TJ. In vivo impact of tubulin polymerization promoting protein (Tppp) knockout to the airway inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12272. [PMID: 37507487 PMCID: PMC10382518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule dysfunction has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation in multiple diseases such as disorders of the cardiovascular and neurologic systems. Tubulin polymerization promoting protein (Tppp) facilitates microtubule elongation and regulates tubulin acetylation through inhibition of cytosolic deacetylase enzymes. Pathologic alterations in microtubule structure and dynamics have been described in cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated with inflammation, however the causality and mechanism remain unclear. Likewise, Tppp has been identified as a potential modifier of CF airway disease severity. Here we directly assess the impact of microtubule dysfunction on infection and inflammation by interrogating wild type and a Tppp knockout mouse model (Tppp - / -). Mice are challenged with a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-laden agarose beads and assessed for bacterial clearance and inflammatory markers. Tppp - / - mouse model demonstrate impaired bacterial clearance and an elevated inflammatory response compared to control mice. These data are consistent with the hypothesis microtubule dysregulation is sufficient to lead to CF-like airway responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Endres
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori Duesler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 825 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 825 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 825 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA.
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Bruscia EM, Bonfield TL. Update on Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:603-615. [PMID: 36344069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology is hallmarked by excessive inflammation and the inability to resolve lung infections, contributing to morbidity and eventually mortality. Paradoxically, despite a robust inflammatory response, CF lungs fail to clear bacteria and are susceptible to chronic infections. Impaired mucociliary transport plays a critical role in chronic infection but the immune mechanisms contributing to the adaptation of bacteria to the lung microenvironment is not clear. CFTR modulator therapy has advanced CF life expectancy opening up the need to understand changes in immunity as CF patients age. Here, we have summarized the current understanding of immune dysregulation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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8
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Barbato E, Darrah R, Kelley TJ. The circadian system in cystic fibrosis mice is regulated by histone deacetylase 6. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1112-C1120. [PMID: 36062879 PMCID: PMC9555305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disordered sleep experienced by people with cystic fibrosis (CF) suggest a possible disruption in circadian regulation being associated with the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) function. To test this hypothesis, circadian regulation was assessed in an F508del/F508del CF mouse model. CF mice exhibited significant alterations in both timing of locomotor activity and in mean activity per hour in both light-dark (LD) and dark-dark (DD) photoperiods compared with wild-type (WT) controls. It was also noted that in DD periodicity increased in CF mice, whereas shortening in WT mice as is expected. CF mice also exhibited altered timing of circadian gene expression and a reduction of melatonin production at all time points. Mechanistically, the role of microtubules in regulating these outcomes was explored. Mice lacking expression of tubulin polymerization promoting protein (Tppp) effectively mimicked CF mouse phenotypes with each measured outcome. Depleting expression of the microtubule regulatory protein histone deacetylase 6 (Hdac6) from CF mice (CF/Hdac6) resulted in the reversal of each phenotype to WT profiles. These data demonstrate an innate disruption of circadian regulation in CF mice and identify a novel microtubule-related mechanism leading to this disruption that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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9
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Luo Y, Sato Y, Turner MJ, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Lipid-driven CFTR clustering is impaired in CF and restored by corrector drugs. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274066. [PMID: 35060604 PMCID: PMC8976878 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins often cluster in nanoscale membrane domains (lipid rafts) that coalesce into ceramide-rich platforms during cell stress, however the clustering mechanisms remain uncertain. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF), forms clusters that are cholesterol-dependent and become incorporated into long-lived platforms during hormonal stimulation. We report here that clustering does not involve known tethering interactions of CFTR with PDZ domain proteins, filamin A or the actin cytoskeleton. It also does not require CFTR palmitoylation but is critically dependent on membrane lipid order and is induced by detergents that increase the phase separation of membrane lipids. Clustering and integration of CFTR into ceramide-rich platforms are abolished by the disease mutations F508del and S13F and rescued by the CFTR modulators elexacaftor+tezacaftor. These results indicate CF therapeutics that correct mutant protein folding restore both trafficking and normal lipid interactions in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- UNSW Australia, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yishan Luo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Mark J. Turner
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
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Boyne K, Corey DA, Zhao P, Lu B, Boron WF, Moss FJ, Kelley TJ. Carbonic anhydrase and soluble adenylate cyclase regulation of cystic fibrosis cellular phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L333-L347. [PMID: 34986321 PMCID: PMC8858677 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00022.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of the cell biology of cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelial cells are altered including impaired lipid regulation, disrupted intracellular transport, and impaired microtubule regulation. It is unclear how the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function leads to these differences. It is hypothesized that the loss of CFTR function leads to altered regulation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity resulting in cellular phenotypic changes. In this study, it is demonstrated that CA2 protein expression is reduced in CF model cells, primary mouse nasal epithelial (MNE) cells, excised MNE tissue, and primary human nasal epithelial cells (P < 0.05). This corresponds to a decrease in CA2 RNA expression measured by qPCR as well as an overall reduction in CA activity in primary CF MNEs. The addition of CFTR-inhibitor-172 to WT MNE cells for ≥24 h mimics the significantly lower protein expression of CA2 in CF cells. Treatment of CF cells with l-phenylalanine (L-Phe), an activator of CA activity, restores endosomal transport through an effect on microtubule regulation in a manner dependent on soluble adenylate cyclase (sAC). This effect can be blocked with the CA2-selective inhibitor dorzolamide. These data suggest that the loss of CFTR function leads to the decreased expression of CA2 resulting in the downstream cell signaling alterations observed in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Boyne
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Binyu Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Walter F Boron
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fraser J Moss
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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11
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Trouvé P, Férec C, Génin E. The Interplay between the Unfolded Protein Response, Inflammation and Infection in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:2980. [PMID: 34831204 PMCID: PMC8616505 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), p.Phe508del is the most frequent mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The p.Phe508del-CFTR protein is retained in the ER and rapidly degraded. This retention likely triggers an atypical Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) involving ATF6, which reduces the expression of p.Phe508del-CFTR. There are still some debates on the role of the UPR in CF: could it be triggered by the accumulation of misfolded CFTR proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum as was proposed for the most common CFTR mutation p.Phe508del? Or, is it the consequence of inflammation and infection that occur in the disease? In this review, we summarize recent findings on UPR in CF and show how infection, inflammation and UPR act together in CF. We propose to rethink their respective role in CF and to consider them as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Trouvé
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.F.); (E.G.)
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12
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Cui G, Cottrill KA, Strickland KM, Mashburn SA, Koval M, McCarty NA. Alteration of Membrane Cholesterol Content Plays a Key Role in Regulation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Activity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652513. [PMID: 34163370 PMCID: PMC8215275 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cholesterol homeostasis in cystic fibrosis patients has been reported, although controversy remains. As a major membrane lipid component, cholesterol modulates the function of multiple ion channels by complicated mechanisms. However, whether cholesterol directly modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel function remains unknown. To answer this question, we determined the effects of changing plasma membrane cholesterol levels on CFTR channel function utilizing polarized fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) significantly reduced total cholesterol content in FRT cells, which significantly decreased forskolin (FSK)-mediated activation of both wildtype (WT-) and P67L-CFTR. This effect was also seen in HBE cells expressing WT-CFTR. Cholesterol modification by cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase also distinctly affected activation of CFTR by FSK. In addition, alteration of cholesterol increased the potency of VX-770, a clinically used potentiator of CFTR, when both WT- and P67L-CFTR channels were activated at low FSK concentrations; this likely reflects the apparent shift in the sensitivity of WT-CFTR to FSK after alteration of membrane cholesterol. These results demonstrate that changes in the plasma membrane cholesterol level significantly modulate CFTR channel function and consequently may affect sensitivity to clinical therapeutics in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Cui
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kirsten A Cottrill
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kerry M Strickland
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah A Mashburn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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CFTR Modulator Therapy with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Alters Plasma Concentrations of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins A and E in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030483. [PMID: 33808590 PMCID: PMC8003491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leads to impaired pancreatic function and therefore reduced intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins especially in patients with CF developing pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Previous studies showed that CFTR modulator therapy with lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) in Phe508del-homozygous patients with CF results in improvement of pulmonary disease and thriving. However, the effects of LUM/IVA on plasma concentration of the lipid soluble vitamins A and E remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the course of plasma vitamin A and E in patients with CF under LUM/IVA therapy. METHODS Data from annual follow-up examinations of patients with CF were obtained to assess clinical outcomes including pulmonary function status, body mass index (BMI), and clinical chemistry as well as fat-soluble vitamins in Phe508del-homozygous CF patients before initiation and during LUM/IVA therapy. RESULTS Patients with CF receiving LUM/IVA improved substantially, including improvement in pulmonary inflammation, associated with a decrease in blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 9.4 to 8.2 g/L after two years (p < 0.001). During the same time, plasma vitamin A increased significantly from 1.2 to 1.6 µmol/L (p < 0.05), however, levels above the upper limit of normal were not detected in any of the patients. In contrast, plasma vitamin E as vitamin E/cholesterol ratio decreased moderately over the same time from 6.2 to 5.5 µmol/L (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CFTR modulator therapy with LUM/IVA alters concentrations of vitamins A and vitamin E in plasma. The increase of vitamin A must be monitored critically to avoid hypervitaminosis A in patients with CF.
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Drzymała-Czyż S, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Dziedzic K, Lisowska A, Kurek S, Goździk-Spychalska J, Kononets V, Woźniak D, Mądry E, Walkowiak J. Severe Genotype, Pancreatic Insufficiency and Low Dose of Pancreatic Enzymes Associate with Abnormal Serum Sterol Profile in Cystic Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:313. [PMID: 33669566 PMCID: PMC7922133 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors could lead to lipid disturbances observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to assess sterol homeostasis in CF and define potential exogenous and endogenous determinants of lipid dysregulation. METHODS The study involved 55 CF patients and 45 healthy subjects (HS). Sterol concentrations (μg/dL) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CF was characterised by lung function, pancreatic status, liver disease and diabetes coexistence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation and BMI. CFTR genotypes were classified as severe or other. RESULTS Campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were lower (p = 0.0028 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and lathosterol levels (reflecting endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis) were higher (p = 0.0016) in CF patients than in HS. Campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were lower in patients with a severe CFTR genotype, pancreatic insufficiency and lower pancreatic enzyme dose (lipase units/gram of fat). In multiple regression analyses, β-sitosterol and campesterol concentrations were predicted by genotype and pancreatic insufficiency, whereas cholesterol and its fractions were predicted by phytosterol concentrations, age, dose of pancreatic enzymes, nutritional status and genotype. CONCLUSIONS Independent determinants of lipid status suggest that malabsorption and pancreatic enzyme supplementation play a significant role in sterol abnormalities. The measurement of campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations in CF patients may serve for the assessment of the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and/or compliance, but further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Dziedzic
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Szymon Kurek
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Goździk-Spychalska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Victoria Kononets
- Department of Natural Sciences Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (P.K.-J.); (K.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.); (J.W.)
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15
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Signorelli P, Pivari F, Barcella M, Merelli I, Zulueta A, Dei Cas M, Rosso L, Ghidoni R, Caretti A, Paroni R, Mingione A. Myriocin modulates the altered lipid metabolism and storage in cystic fibrosis. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109928. [PMID: 33482299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease mostly related to ΔF508 CFTR mutation causing a proteinopathy that is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction, primarily lungs chronic inflammation, and infection. Defective autophagy and accumulation of the inflammatory lipid ceramide have been proposed as therapeutic targets. Accumulation of lipids and cholesterol was reported in the airways of CF patients, together with altered triglycerides and cholesterol levels in plasma, thus suggesting a disease-related dyslipidemia. Myriocin, an inhibitor of sphingolipids synthesis, significantly reduces inflammation and activates TFEB-induced response to stress, enhancing fatty acids oxidation and promoting autophagy. Myriocin ameliorates the response against microbial infection in CF models and patients' monocytes. Here we show that CF broncho-epithelial cells exhibit an altered distribution of intracellular lipids. We demonstrated that lipid accumulation is supported by an enhanced synthesis of fatty acids containing molecules and that Myriocin is able to reduce such accumulation. Moreover, Myriocin modulated the transcriptional profile of CF cells in order to restore autophagy, activate an anti-oxidative response, stimulate lipid metabolism and reduce lipid peroxidation. Moreover, lipid storage may be altered in CF cells, since we observed a reduced expression of lipid droplets related proteins named perilipin 3 and 5 and seipin. To note, Myriocin up-regulates the expression of genes that are involved in lipid droplets biosynthesis and maturation. We suggest that targeting sphingolipids de novo synthesis may counteract lipids accumulation by modulating CF altered transcriptional profile, thus restoring autophagy and lipid metabolism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Aida Zulueta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Thoracic surgery and transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Amato F, Castaldo A, Castaldo G, Cernera G, Corso G, Ferrari E, Gelzo M, Monzani R, Villella VR, Raia V. Impaired cholesterol metabolism in the mouse model of cystic fibrosis. A preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245302. [PMID: 33412572 PMCID: PMC7790534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate cholesterol metabolism in a mouse model with cystic fibrosis (CF) by the comparison of affected homozygous versus wild type (WT) mice. In particular, we evaluated the effects of a diet enriched with cholesterol in both mice groups in comparison with the normal diet. To this purpose, beyond serum and liver cholesterol, we analyzed serum phytosterols as indirect markers of intestinal absorption of cholesterol, liver lathosterol as indirect marker of de novo cholesterol synthesis, liver cholestanol (a catabolite of bile salts synthesis) and the liver mRNA levels of LDL receptor (LDLR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR), acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase 2 (ACAT2), cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). CF mice showed lower intestinal absorption and higher liver synthesis of cholesterol than WT mice. In WT mice, the cholesterol supplementation inhibits the synthesis of liver cholesterol and enhances its catabolism, while in CF mice we did not observe a reduction of LDLR and HMG-CoAR expression (probably due to an altered feed-back), causing an increase of intracellular cholesterol. In addition, we observed a further increase (5-fold) in TNFα mRNA levels. This preliminary study suggests that in CF mice there is a vicious circle in which the altered synthesis/secretion of bile salts may reduce the digestion/absorption of cholesterol. As a result, the liver increases the biosynthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the cells, triggering inflammation and further compromising the metabolism of bile salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Amato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Gustavo Cernera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Impaired Ratio of Unsaturated to Saturated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Saliva from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110915. [PMID: 33171650 PMCID: PMC7695280 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired salivary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels have been previously observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to characterize the salivary NEFA profile in CF and to examine whether the alterations are related to the pancreatic status and/or lung disease severity. We analyzed salivary NEFA, cholesterol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in CF patients (n = 66) and healthy subjects (n = 48). CF patients showed higher salivary levels of cholesterol, total NEFA (that was negatively correlated with serum triglycerides), unsaturated NEFA/saturated NEFA (U/S NEFA) ratio and IL-6 than controls. The U/S NEFA ratio was positively correlated with IL-6 in both patients and controls, suggesting an association between this parameter and local inflammation independently from the disease. No correlation between salivary lipids and pancreatic status was observed, while the U/S NEFA ratio was higher in patients with severe lung disease than mild/moderate severity and may represent a prognostic marker of lung disease in CF.
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18
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Mingione A, Ottaviano E, Barcella M, Merelli I, Rosso L, Armeni T, Cirilli N, Ghidoni R, Borghi E, Signorelli P. Cystic Fibrosis Defective Response to Infection Involves Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081845. [PMID: 32781626 PMCID: PMC7463682 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease, with 70% of patients developing a proteinopathy related to the deletion of phenylalanine 508. CF is associated with multiple organ dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and recurrent lung infections. CF is characterized by defective autophagy, lipid metabolism, and immune response. Intracellular lipid accumulation favors microbial infection, and autophagy deficiency impairs internalized pathogen clearance. Myriocin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis, significantly reduces inflammation, promotes microbial clearance in the lungs, and induces autophagy and lipid oxidation. RNA-seq was performed in Aspergillusfumigatus-infected and myriocin-treated CF patients’ derived monocytes and in a CF bronchial epithelial cell line. Fungal clearance was also evaluated in CF monocytes. Myriocin enhanced CF patients’ monocytes killing of A. fumigatus. CF patients’ monocytes and cell line responded to infection with a profound transcriptional change; myriocin regulates genes that are involved in inflammation, autophagy, lipid storage, and metabolism, including histones and heat shock proteins whose activity is related to the response to infection. We conclude that the regulation of sphingolipid synthesis induces a metabolism drift by promoting autophagy and lipid consumption. This process is driven by a transcriptional program that corrects part of the differences between CF and control samples, therefore ameliorating the infection response and pathogen clearance in the CF cell line and in CF peripheral blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mingione
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Ivan Merelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Thoracic surgery and transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Natalia Cirilli
- Cystic Fibrosis Referral Care Center, Mother-Child Department, United Hospitals Le Torrette, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (R.G.)
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Science Department, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Lumacaftor/ivacaftor improves liver cholesterol metabolism but does not influence hypocholesterolemia in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:e1-e6. [PMID: 32586737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have reduced intestinal absorption of sterols and, despite enhanced endogenous synthesis, low plasma cholesterol. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor CFTR protein modulator therapy is used to improve the clinical outcome of CF patients homozygous for F508del mutation (homo-deltaF508). Aim of the study is to evaluate the cholesterol metabolism and hepatobiliary injury/function in adult homo-deltaF508 patients, before and after lumacaftor/ivacaftor treatment. Baseline parameters in homo-deltaF508 patients were compared to those in CF patients compound heterozygous for F508del mutation and another severe mutation (hetero-deltaF508). METHODS Cholesterol metabolism was evaluated measuring plasma phytosterols and cholestanol, as intestinal absorption markers, and lathosterol, as liver biosynthesis marker. We quantified serum vitamin E, as nutritional marker. We evaluated liver injury by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), biliary injury by γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT) and AP, and the liver function by bilirubin and albumin. RESULTS Before the treatment, homo-deltaF508 patients (n = 20) had significantly lower cholesterol and vitamin E compared to hetero-deltaF508 (n = 20). Lumacaftor/ivacaftor treatment caused: 1) further reduction of cholesterol; 2) lathosterol reduction, suggesting a normalization of endogenous synthesis; 3) cholestanol and vitamin E increment, indicating an improvement of lipid digestion/absorption. Vitamin E difference (after-before treatment) was positively associated to treatment months. Alkaline phosphatase was also reduced. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor on cholesterol metabolism and enterohepatic flux in CF patients. However, lumacaftor/ivacaftor does not promote the increase of cholesterol serum concentration that on the contrary declines. Further studies are needed to research the real mechanism causing this reduction.
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Dei Cas M, Zulueta A, Mingione A, Caretti A, Ghidoni R, Signorelli P, Paroni R. An Innovative Lipidomic Workflow to Investigate the Lipid Profile in a Cystic Fibrosis Cell Line. Cells 2020; 9:E1197. [PMID: 32408521 PMCID: PMC7291020 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism has been associated to cystic fibrosis disease, which is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and various organs dysfunction. Here, we present the validation of an untargeted lipidomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry aimed at identifying those lipid species that unequivocally sign CF pathophysiology. Of n.13375 mass spectra recorded on cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial airways epithelial cells IB3, n.7787 presented the MS/MS data, and, after software and manual validation, the final number of annotated lipids was restricted to n.1159. On these lipids, univariate and multivariate statistical approaches were employed in order to select relevant lipids for cellular phenotype discrimination between cystic fibrosis and HBE healthy cells. In cystic fibrosis IB3 cells, a pervasive alteration in the lipid metabolism revealed changes in the classes of ether-linked phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and glycosylated sphingolipids. Through functions association, it was evidenced that lipids variation involves the moiety implicated in membrane composition, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria compartments, and chemical and biophysical lipids properties. This study provides a new perspective in understanding the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and strengthens the need to use a validated mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approach for the discovery of potential biomarkers and perturbed metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Aida Zulueta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Caretti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
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Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease among Caucasians, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). While work to understand this protein has resulted in new treatment strategies, it is important to emphasize that CFTR exists within a complex lipid bilayer — a concept largely overlooked when performing structural and functional studies. In this review we discuss cellular lipid imbalances in CF, mechanisms by which lipids affect membrane protein activity, and the specific impact of detergents and lipids on CFTR function. In this review, Cottrill et al. discuss how the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) interacts with the membrane into which it is inserted. They summarize recent insight into the ways lipids are imbalanced in CF epithelia and how the lipid environment affects CFTR.
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Lu B, Corey DA, Kelley TJ. Resveratrol restores intracellular transport in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1145-L1157. [PMID: 32267731 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that intracellular transport is impaired in cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelial cells. This impairment is related to both growth and inflammatory regulation in CF cell and animal models. Understanding how transport in CF cells is regulated and identifying means to manipulate that regulation are key to identifying new therapies that can address key CF phenotypes. It was hypothesized that resveratrol could replicate these benefits since it interfaces with multiple pathways identified to affect microtubule regulation in CF. It was found that resveratrol treatment significantly restored intracellular transport as determined by monitoring both cholesterol distribution and the distribution of rab7-positive organelles in CF cells. This restoration of intracellular transport is due to correction of both microtubule formation rates and microtubule acetylation in cultured CF cell models and primary nasal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, the effect of resveratrol on microtubule regulation and intracellular transport was dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling and its ability to act as a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Resveratrol represents a candidate compound with known anti-inflammatory properties that can restore both microtubule formation and acetylation in CF epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Troisi J, Cavallo P, Colucci A, Pierri L, Scala G, Symes S, Jones C, Richards S. Metabolomics in genetic testing. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 94:85-153. [PMID: 31952575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an intriguing field of study providing a new readout of the biochemical activities taking place at the moment of sampling within a subject's biofluid or tissue. Metabolite concentrations are influenced by several factors including disease, environment, drugs, diet and, importantly, genetics. Metabolomics signatures, which describe a subject's phenotype, are useful for disease diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments. Metabolomics is conventionally divided into targeted (i.e., the quantitative analysis of a predetermined group of metabolites) and untargeted studies (i.e., analysis of the complete set of small-molecule metabolites contained in a biofluid without a pre-imposed metabolites-selection). Both approaches have demonstrated high value in the investigation and understanding of several monogenic and multigenic conditions. Due to low costs per sample and relatively short analysis times, metabolomics can be a useful and robust complement to genetic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; Theoreo srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; Istituto Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Steven Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Carter Jones
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Sean Richards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, United States; Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
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Rosenjack J, Hodges CA, Darrah RJ, Kelley TJ. HDAC6 depletion improves cystic fibrosis mouse airway responses to bacterial challenge. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10282. [PMID: 31311988 PMCID: PMC6635416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that Hdac6 depletion would restore cystic fibrosis (CF) responses to bacterial challenge to more wild type profiles using a CF mouse model. CF mice harboring the F508del Cftr mutation respond to bacterial challenge with 25,000 CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded into agarose beads to slow clearance. CF mice respond significantly more aggressively to this challenge compared to WT mice with respect to bacterial clearance, weight loss, neutrophil recruitment, and MIP-2 production. Depletion of Hdac6 expression in the CF mice (CF/Hdac6) significantly improves these responses to more WT levels. Weight loss in response to infection is most severe in CF mice and significantly attenuated in CF/Hdac6 mice. Bacterial levels are reduced at a faster rate in CF/Hdac6 mice compared to CF mice where infection persists. Percent neutrophils in lung lavage fluid post-infection are significantly higher in CF mice, but returned to WT levels with CF/Hdac6 mice. Similarly, CF Mip-2 levels are restored to WT levels in the absence of Hdac6 expression. These data demonstrate that Hdac6 depletion restores CF responses to bacterial challenge to WT-like profiles and offer a potential therapeutic avenue for addressing inflammation and infection in CF airways independently of Cftr correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rosenjack
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca J Darrah
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Hanrahan JW, Sato Y, Carlile GW, Jansen G, Young JC, Thomas DY. Cystic Fibrosis: Proteostatic correctors of CFTR trafficking and alternative therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:711-724. [PMID: 31169041 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1628948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent lethal orphan disease and is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The most frequent mutation F508del-CFTR affects multiple organs; infections and subsequent infections and complications in the lung lead to death. Areas covered: This review focuses on new targets and mechanisms that are attracting interest for the development of CF therapies. The F508del-CFTR protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but has some function if it can traffic to the plasma membrane. Cell-based assays have been used to screen chemical libraries for small molecule correctors that restore its trafficking. Pharmacological chaperones are correctors that bind directly to the F508del-CFTR mutant and promote its folding and trafficking. Other correctors fall into a heterogeneous class of proteostasis modulators that act indirectly by altering cellular homeostasis. Expert opinion: Pharmacological chaperones have so far been the most successful correctors of F508del-CFTR trafficking, but their level of correction means that more than one corrector is required. Proteostasis modulators have low levels of correction but hold promise because some can correct several different CFTR mutations. Identification of their cellular targets and the potential for development may lead to new therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Hanrahan
- a Department of Physiology , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,c Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Yukiko Sato
- a Department of Physiology , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Graeme W Carlile
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Gregor Jansen
- d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,e Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
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26
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Kim D, Tseng HW, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Agonists that stimulate secretion promote the recruitment of CFTR into membrane lipid microdomains. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:834-849. [PMID: 31048413 PMCID: PMC6572005 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a tightly regulated anion channel that mediates secretion by epithelia and is mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis. CFTR forms macromolecular complexes with many proteins; however, little is known regarding its associations with membrane lipids or the regulation of its distribution and mobility at the cell surface. We report here that secretagogues (agonists that stimulate secretion) such as the peptide hormone vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and muscarinic agonist carbachol increase CFTR aggregation into cholesterol-dependent clusters, reduce CFTR lateral mobility within and between membrane microdomains, and trigger the fusion of clusters into large (3.0 µm2) ceramide-rich platforms. CFTR clusters are closely associated with motile cilia and with the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) that is constitutively bound on the cell surface. Platform induction is prevented by pretreating cells with cholesterol oxidase to disrupt lipid rafts or by exposure to the ASMase functional inhibitor amitriptyline or the membrane-impermeant reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Platforms are reversible, and their induction does not lead to an increase in apoptosis; however, blocking platform formation does prevent the increase in CFTR surface expression that normally occurs during VIP stimulation. These results demonstrate that CFTR is colocalized with motile cilia and reveal surprisingly robust regulation of CFTR distribution and lateral mobility, most likely through autocrine redox activation of extracellular ASMase. Formation of ceramide-rich platforms containing CFTR enhances transepithelial secretion and likely has other functions related to inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dusik Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hsin Wei Tseng
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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Rymut SM, Lu B, Perez A, Corey DA, Lamb K, Cotton CU, Kelley TJ. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition regulates microtubule dynamics and intracellular transport in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1081-L1093. [PMID: 30892081 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-dose ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been shown to be an effective intervention although use is limited due to potential adverse events. Identifying the mechanism of ibuprofen efficacy would aid in the development of new therapies that avoid these adverse events. Previous findings demonstrated that ibuprofen treatment restores the regulation of microtubule dynamics in CF epithelial cells through a 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. The goal of this study is to define the AMPK pathway that leads to microtubule regulation. Here, it is identified that inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the key step in mediating the AMPK effect. ACC inhibition with 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA) increases microtubule reformation rates in cultured and primary CF epithelial cells to wild-type (WT) rates. TOFA treatment also restores microtubule-dependent distribution of cholesterol and Rab7-positive organelles, as well as reduces expression of the proinflammatory signaling molecule RhoA to WT levels. ACC activation with citrate replicates these CF phenotypes in WT cells further supporting the role of AMPK signaling through ACC as a key mediator in CF cell signaling. It is concluded that ACC inhibition is the key step in the efficacy of AMPK activation at the cellular level and could represent a novel site of therapeutic intervention to address inflammation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Rymut
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Binyu Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aura Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kata Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Roesch EA, Nichols DP, Chmiel JF. Inflammation in cystic fibrosis: An update. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:S30-S50. [PMID: 29999593 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung pathology and disease progression making it an active area of research and important therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the most recent research on the major contributors to the exuberant inflammatory response seen in CF as well as potential therapeutics to combat this response. Absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alters anion transport across CF airway epithelial cells and ultimately results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid. The dehydrated airway surface liquid in combination with abnormal mucin secretion contributes to airway obstruction and subsequent infection that may serve as a trigger point for inflammation. There is also evidence to suggest that airway inflammation may be excessive and sustained relative to the infectious stimuli. Studies have shown dysregulation of both pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-17 and pro-resolution mediators including metabolites of the eicosanoid pathway. Recently, CFTR potentiators and correctors have garnered much attention in the CF community. Although these modulators address the underlying defect in CF, their impact on downstream consequences such as inflammation are not known. Here, we review pre-clinical and clinical data on the impact of CFTR modulators on inflammation. In addition, we examine other cell types including neutrophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes that express CFTR and contribute to the CF inflammatory response. Finally, we address challenges in developing anti-inflammatory therapies and highlight some of the most promising anti-inflammatory drugs under development for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Roesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James F Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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Lu B, Li L, Schneider M, Hodges CA, Cotton CU, Burgess JD, Kelley TJ. Electrochemical measurement of membrane cholesterol correlates with CFTR function and is HDAC6-dependent. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:175-181. [PMID: 29941319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that CF epithelial cells exhibit increased cholesterol content at the plasma membrane compared to wild type controls as measured by electrochemical methods. Microtubule dysregulation that impacts intracellular transport has also been identified in CF cells and is reversible with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition, a regulator of tubulin acetylation. The hypothesis of this study is that increased membrane cholesterol content in CF cells is dependent on HDAC6 regulation. METHODS Electrochemical measurement of membrane cholesterol in mouse trachea and in primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells is used to monitor CFTR correction and manipulation of cholesterol processing by HDAC6 inhibition. RESULTS Data demonstrate that induction of Cftr expression in an inducible CF mouse model restores tubulin acetylation levels and normalizes membrane cholesterol content. To test the relationship between tubulin acetylation, membrane cholesterol levels were measured in a CF mouse model depleted of Hdac6 expression (CF/HDA). CF/HDA mouse trachea have WT membrane cholesterol levels while CF mice have approximately two-fold increase in membrane cholesterol compared to WT consistent with previous studies. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 in primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells also reduces membrane cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that elevated membrane cholesterol in CF epithelium is regulated by HDAC6 function and that the electrochemical measure of membrane cholesterol correlates with both genetic and pharmacological CFTR correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Molly Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - James D Burgess
- Department of Medical, Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, Augusta University, United States
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, United States.
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30
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Zhang M, Li L, Fang D, Kelley TJ, Burgess JD. Single Cell Titration-Type Assay for Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Chemical Potential. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5903-5908. [PMID: 29658264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a titration-type assay is described that determines the minimum concentration of cholesterol in solution that is required to drive net influx of cholesterol to the plasma membrane and thus increase the cholesterol concentration. The increase in cholesterol in the plasma membrane is detected by cholesterol diffusion at the site of contact by a cholesterol oxidase-modified microelectrode. In the presented thermodynamic model, the minimum solution phase cholesterol concentration that drives influx to the plasma membrane is a close approximation of the true solution-phase equilibrium concentration of cholesterol produced from cellular cholesterol efflux and as such it is a quantitative measure of the chemical potential of cholesterol in the cellular plasma membrane. This assay provides a measure of cholesterol chemical potential in the living cellular plasma membrane through reference to a solution concentration which avoids invoking classic kinetic theory to relate a rate to a specific thermodynamic activity and which avoids uncertainty associated with mass transfer phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu China , 211126
| | - Linyu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu China , 211126
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu China , 211126
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - James D Burgess
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging, and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences , Augusta University and Augusta University Health System , Augusta , Georgia 30912 , United States
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Sedgwick A, Olivia Balmert M, D'Souza-Schorey C. The formation of giant plasma membrane vesicles enable new insights into the regulation of cholesterol efflux. Exp Cell Res 2018. [PMID: 29522754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cellular cholesterol accumulation contributes to the pathophysiology of many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders such as Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) and Alzheimer's Disease1-4. Many aspects of cholesterol efflux from cells remain elusive. Here we describe the utility of cholesterol-rich giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) as a means to monitor cholesterol that is translocated to the plasma membrane for secretion. We demonstrate that small molecules known to enhance lipid efflux, including those in clinical trials for lipid storage disorders, enhance this GPMV formation. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol efflux blocks GPMV formation. We show that microtubule stabilization via paclitaxel treatment and increased tubulin acetylation via HDAC6 inhibition promotes the formation of GPMVs with concomitant reduction in cellular cholesterol in a cell model of NPC disease. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat, which has been shown to reduce the severity of cholesterol storage in NPC, elicited a similar response. Further, the disruption of actin polymerization inhibits the formation of GPMVs, whereas the small GTP-binding protein Arl4c promotes actin remodeling at sites overlapping with GPMV formation. Thus, monitoring the formation of GPMVs provides a new avenue to better understand diseases whose pathology may be sensitive to alterations in cellular cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Sedgwick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - M Olivia Balmert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA.
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Gunasekara L, Al-Saiedy M, Green F, Pratt R, Bjornson C, Yang A, Michael Schoel W, Mitchell I, Brindle M, Montgomery M, Keys E, Dennis J, Shrestha G, Amrein M. Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction in pediatric cystic fibrosis: Mechanisms and reversal with a lipid-sequestering drug. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:565-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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White MM, Geraghty P, Hayes E, Cox S, Leitch W, Alfawaz B, Lavelle GM, McElvaney OJ, Flannery R, Keenan J, Meleady P, Henry M, Clynes M, Gunaratnam C, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. Neutrophil Membrane Cholesterol Content is a Key Factor in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 23:173-184. [PMID: 28835336 PMCID: PMC5605378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of mechanisms promoting neutrophil trafficking to the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenge for next generation therapeutics. Cholesterol, a structural component of neutrophil plasma membranes influences cell adhesion, a key step in transmigration. The effect of chronic inflammation on neutrophil membrane cholesterol content in patients with CF (PWCF) remains unclear. To address this we examined neutrophils of PWCF to evaluate the cause and consequence of altered membrane cholesterol and identified the effects of lung transplantation and ion channel potentiator therapy on the cellular mechanisms responsible for perturbed membrane cholesterol and increased cell adhesion. Methodology PWCF homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation or heterozygous for the G551D mutation were recruited (n = 48). Membrane protein expression was investigated by mass spectrometry. The effect of lung transplantation or ivacaftor therapy was assessed by ELISAs, and calcium fluorometric and μ-calpain assays. Findings Membranes of CF neutrophils contain less cholesterol, yet increased integrin CD11b expression, and respond to inflammatory induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating μ-calpain. In vivo and in vitro, increased μ-calpain activity resulted in proteolysis of the membrane cholesterol trafficking protein caveolin-1. The critical role of caveolin-1 for adequate membrane cholesterol content was confirmed in caveolin-1 knock-out mice. Lung transplant therapy or treatment of PWCF with ivacaftor, reduced levels of circulating inflammatory mediators and actuated increased caveolin-1 and membrane cholesterol, with concurrent normalized neutrophil adhesion. Interpretation Results demonstrate an auxiliary benefit of lung transplant and potentiator therapy, evident by a reduction in circulating inflammation and controlled neutrophil adhesion. This study explored neutrophil adhesion in cystic fibrosis. Altered membrane cholesterol lead to increased adhesion. Circulating inflammatory mediators caused increased calpain activity and reduced membrane cholesterol content.
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic inflammation in the circulation, in part originating from the pulmonary compartment, leads to decreased membrane cholesterol in circulating neutrophils, resulting in increased cell adhesion. The mechanism of action involves proteolytic down-regulation of the cholesterol trafficking protein caveolin-1. The overall effect of lung transplant therapy, or CFTR potentiator treatment, was to significantly diminish the circulating inflammatory burden thereby permitting caveolin-1 expression, with concomitant decreased CF cell adhesion and significant clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M White
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Hayes
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen Cox
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - William Leitch
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Bader Alfawaz
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gillian M Lavelle
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ryan Flannery
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Coláiste Dhúlaigh College of Further Education, Dublin 17, Ireland
| | - Joanne Keenan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cedric Gunaratnam
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Li L, Lu B, Jiang D, Shin M, Kelley T, Burgess JD. Cell Plasma Membrane Cholesterol as a Diagnostic. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017; 2:82-87. [PMID: 28758153 PMCID: PMC5526343 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a tightly regulated major structural component of the cell plasma membrane (PM) where it forms stoichiometric complexes with phospholipids and sphingolipids. The amount of cholesterol in the PM exhibits a regulatory role in basal activity of several biomolecular processes by direct binding to proteins and by indirect local environmental effects within the PM that are also coupled to overall cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The term "active cholesterol" refers to PM cholesterol not complexed to lipids, a cholesterol state that arises above a threshold mole fraction of cholesterol in the PM. Active cholesterol level in the PM provides a control mechanism for cellular cholesterol homeostasis through its recognition by membrane bound proteins that activate genes of cholesterol synthesis enzymes. Uptake of LDL, production and release of HDL as well as reversible storage of cholesterol in the cytosol by covalent modification are also regulated and dependent on PM cholesterol (thermodynamic) activity: active cholesterol. A number of human disease states have been found to have associated alterations in PM cholesterol and thus a method for its determination is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Binyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Dechen Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Minchul Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Southern University, 201 COBA Dr. Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Thomas Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - James D Burgess
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging, and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University and Augusta University Health System, Health Sciences Campus, 987 St. Sabastian Way, EC-2437, Augusta, Georgia 30912 USA
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Sayyid ZN, Sellers ZM. Technological advances shed light on left ventricular cardiac disturbances in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:454-464. [PMID: 28314540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common autosomal recessive lethal disease in Caucasians, causes chronic pulmonary disease and can lead to cor pulmonale with right ventricular dysfunction. The presence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cardiac myocardia has prompted debate regarding possible defective ion channel-induced cardiomyopathy. Clinical heart disease in CF is considered rare and is restricted to case reports. It has been unclear if this is due to the lack of physiological importance of CFTR in the heart, the relatively short lifespan of those with CF, or a technical inability to detect subclinical disease. Extensive echocardiographic investigations have yielded contradictory results, leading to the dogma that left ventricular defects in CF occur secondary to lung disease. In this review, we consider why studies examining heart function in CF have not provided clarity on this topic. We then focus on data from new echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging technology, which are providing greater insight into cardiac function in CF and demonstrating that, in addition to secondary effects from pulmonary disease, there may be an intrinsic primary defect in the CF heart. With advancing lifespans and activity levels, understanding the risk of cardiac disease is vital to minimizing morbidity in adults with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra N Sayyid
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Zachary M Sellers
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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Gelzo M, Sica C, Elce A, Dello Russo A, Iacotucci P, Carnovale V, Raia V, Salvatore D, Corso G, Castaldo G. Reduced absorption and enhanced synthesis of cholesterol in patients with cystic fibrosis: a preliminary study of plasma sterols. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1461-6. [PMID: 26913457 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cholesterol is typically observed in the plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) contrasting with the subcellular accumulation of cholesterol demonstrated in CF cells and in mice models. However, the homeostasis of cholesterol has not been well investigated in patients with CF. METHODS We studied the plasma of 26 patients with CF and 33 unaffected controls campesterol and β-sitosterol as markers of intestinal absorption and lathosterol as a marker of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis by gas chromatography (GC-FID and GC-MS). RESULTS Plasma campesterol and β-sitosterol results were significantly (p=0.01) lower while plasma lathosterol was significantly higher (p=0.001) in patients with CF as compared to control subjects. Plasma cholesterol results were significantly lower (p=0.01) in CF patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the impaired intestinal absorption of exogenous sterols in patients with CF stimulates the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol, but the levels of total cholesterol in plasma remain lower. This may be due to the CFTR dysfunction that reduces cholesterol blood excretion causing the accumulation of cholesterol in liver cells and in other tissues contributing to trigger CF chronic inflammation.
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Bruscia EM, Bonfield TL. Cystic Fibrosis Lung Immunity: The Role of the Macrophage. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:550-563. [PMID: 27336915 DOI: 10.1159/000446825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology is hallmarked by excessive inflammation and the inability to efficiently resolve lung infections, contributing to major morbidity and eventually the mortality of patients with this disease. Macrophages (MΦs) are major players in lung homeostasis through their diverse contributions to both the innate and adaptive immune networks. The setting of MΦ function and activity in CF is multifaceted, encompassing the response to the unique environmental cues in the CF lung as well as the intrinsic changes resulting from CFTR dysfunction. The complexity is further enhanced with the identification of modifier genes, which modulate the CFTR contribution to disease, resulting in epigenetic and transcriptional shifts in MΦ phenotype. This review focuses on the contribution of MΦ to lung homeostasis, providing an overview of the diverse literature and various perspectives on the role of these immune guardians in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Bruscia
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA
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Rymut SM, Kampman CM, Corey DA, Endres T, Cotton CU, Kelley TJ. Ibuprofen regulation of microtubule dynamics in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L317-27. [PMID: 27317686 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00126.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ibuprofen, an effective anti-inflammatory therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), has been shown to preserve lung function in a pediatric population. Despite its efficacy, few patients receive ibuprofen treatment due to potential renal and gastrointestinal toxicity. The mechanism of ibuprofen efficacy is also unclear. We have previously demonstrated that CF microtubules are slower to reform after depolymerization compared with respective wild-type controls. Slower microtubule dynamics in CF cells are responsible for impaired intracellular transport and are related to inflammatory signaling. Here, it is identified that high-dose ibuprofen treatment in both CF cell models and primary CF nasal epithelial cells restores microtubule reformation rates to wild-type levels, as well as induce extension of microtubules to the cell periphery. Ibuprofen treatment also restores microtubule-dependent intracellular transport monitored by measuring intracellular cholesterol transport. These effects are specific to ibuprofen as other cyclooxygenase inhibitors have no effect on these measures. Effects of ibuprofen are mimicked by stimulation of AMPK and blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. We conclude that high-dose ibuprofen treatment enhances microtubule formation in CF cells likely through an AMPK-related pathway. These findings define a potential mechanism to explain the efficacy of ibuprofen therapy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Rymut
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claire M Kampman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tori Endres
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Yu X, Kelley TJ, Chiel HJ, Burgess JD. Communication-Microelectrode Detection of Cholesterol Efflux from the Human Buccel Mucosa. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016; 163:B453-B455. [PMID: 27546897 PMCID: PMC4988675 DOI: 10.1149/2.1001608jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It has previously demonstrated that cholesterol efflux from the cell plasma membrane is increased in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to a wild-type control. A noninvasive means of characterizing plasma membrane cholesterol efflux at the surface of airway tissue of CF patients is needed to extend the trends found in animal models of CF to the human disease state. Microelectrode-induced cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane of cells at the surface of tissue is proposed as a strategy to demonstrate increased cholesterol efflux for CF in human subjects. Data demonstrating detection of cholesterol efflux from the human buccal mucosa is reported as proof-of-concept for an in vivo diagnostic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Hillel J. Chiel
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - James D. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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40
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Rymut SM, Ivy T, Corey DA, Cotton CU, Burgess JD, Kelley TJ. Role of Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP 1 in Regulating Rates of Microtubule Formation in Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:853-62. [PMID: 25955407 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0462oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of microtubule dynamics in cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelial cells and the consequences of reduced rates of microtubule polymerization on downstream CF cellular events, such as cholesterol accumulation, a marker of impaired intracellular transport, are explored here. It is identified that microtubules in both CF cell models and in primary CF nasal epithelial cells repolymerize at a slower rate compared with respective controls. Previous studies suggest a role for cAMP in modulating organelle transport in CF cells, implicating a role for exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) 1, a regulator of microtubule elongation, as a potential mechanism. EPAC1 activity is reduced in CF cell models and in Cftr(-/-) mouse lung compared with respective non-CF controls. Stimulation of EPAC1 activity with the selective EPAC1 agonist, 8-cpt-2-O-Me-cAMP, stimulates microtubule repolymerization to wild-type rates in CF cells. EPAC1 activation also alleviates cholesterol accumulation in CF cells, suggesting a direct link between microtubule regulation and intracellular transport. To verify the relationship between transport and microtubule regulation, expression of the protein, tubulin polymerization-promoting protein, was knocked down in non-CF human tracheal (9/HTEo(-)) cells to mimic the microtubule dysregulation in CF cells. Transduced cells with short hairpin RNA targeting tubulin polymerization-promoting protein exhibit CF-like perinuclear cholesterol accumulation and other cellular manifestations of CF cells, thus supporting a role for microtubule regulation as a mechanism linking CFTR function to downstream cellular manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James D Burgess
- 3 Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of 1 Pharmacology.,2 Pediatrics, and.,3 Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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41
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Ernst WL, Shome K, Wu CC, Gong X, Frizzell RA, Aridor M. VAMP-associated Proteins (VAP) as Receptors That Couple Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Proteostasis with Lipid Homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5206-20. [PMID: 26740627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unesterified cholesterol accumulates in late endosomes in cells expressing the misfolded cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or general activation of ER stress led to dynein-mediated clustering of cholesterol-loaded late endosomes at the Golgi region, a process regulated by ER-localized VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs). We hypothesized that VAPs serve as intracellular receptors that couple lipid homeostasis through interactions with two phenylalanines in an acidic track (FFAT) binding signals (found in lipid sorting and sensing proteins, LSS) with proteostasis regulation. VAPB inhibited the degradation of ΔF508-CFTR. The activity was mapped to the ligand-binding major sperm protein (MSP) domain, which was sufficient in regulating CFTR biogenesis. We identified mutations in an unstructured loop within the MSP that uncoupled VAPB-regulated CFTR biogenesis from basic interactions with FFAT. Using this information, we defined functional and physical interactions between VAPB and proteostasis regulators (ligands), including the unfolded protein response sensor ATF6 and the ER degradation cluster that included FAF1, VCP, BAP31, and Derlin-1. VAPB inhibited the degradation of ΔF508-CFTR in the ER through interactions with the RMA1-Derlin-BAP31-VCP pathway. Analysis of pseudoligands containing tandem FFAT signals supports a competitive model for VAP interactions that direct CFTR biogenesis. The results suggest a model in which VAP-ligand binding couples proteostasis and lipid homeostasis leading to observed phenotypes of lipid abnormalities in protein folding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne L Ernst
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Kuntala Shome
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Christine C Wu
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Meir Aridor
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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42
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Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathobiology of Lung Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:487508. [PMID: 26770018 PMCID: PMC4681829 DOI: 10.1155/2015/487508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid bioactivities in the respiratory airways and the roles of the proteins that handle them have been extensively investigated. Gas or inhaled particles or microorganisms come into contact with mucus components, epithelial cells, blood barrier, and immune surveillance within the airways. Lung structure and functionality rely on a complex interplay of polar and hydrophobic structures forming the surfactant layer and governing external-internal exchanges, such as glycerol-phospholipids sphingolipids and proteins. Sphingolipids act as important signaling mediators involved in the control of cell survival and stress response, as well as secreted molecules endowed with inflammation-regulatory activities. Most successful respiratory infection and injuries evolve in the alveolar compartment, the critical lung functional unit involved in gas exchange. Sphingolipid altered metabolism in this compartment is closely related to inflammatory reaction and ceramide increase, in particular, favors the switch to pathological hyperinflammation. This short review explores a few mechanisms underlying sphingolipid involvement in the healthy lung (surfactant production and endothelial barrier maintenance) and in a selection of lung pathologies in which the impact of sphingolipid synthesis and metabolism is most apparent, such as acute lung injury, or chronic pathologies such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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43
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Muhlebach MS, Sha W. Lessons learned from metabolomics in cystic fibrosis. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015; 2:9. [PMID: 26542299 PMCID: PMC4883209 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-015-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a mono-genetic multi-system disease; however, respiratory manifestations cause the main morbidity and mortality where chronic bacterial infections lead to bronchiectasis and ultimately respiratory failure. Metabolomics allows a relatively complete snapshot of metabolic processes in a sample using different mass spectrometry methods. Sample types used for discovery of biomarkers or pathomechanisms in cystic fibrosis (CF) have included blood, respiratory secretions, and exhaled breath to date. Metabolomics has shown distinction of CF vs. non-CF for matrices of blood, exhaled breath, and respiratory epithelial cultures, each showing different pathways. Severity of lung disease has been addressed by studies in bronchoalveolar lavage and exhaled breath condensate showing separation by metabolites that the authors of each study related to inflammation; e.g., ethanol, acetone, purines. Lipidomics has been applied to blood and sputum samples showing associations with lung function and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection status. Finally, studies of bacteria grown in vitro showed differences of bacterial metabolites to be associated with clinical parameters. Metabolomics, in the sense of global metabolomic profiling, is a powerful technique that has allowed discovery of pathways that had not previously been implicated in CF. These may include purines, mitochondrial pathways, and different aspects of glucose metabolism besides the known differences in lipid metabolism in CF. However, targeted studies to validate such potential metabolites and pathways of interest are necessary. Studies evaluating metabolites of bacterial origin are in their early stages. Thus further well-designed studies could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Department Pediatrics, Division Pulmonology, UNC Chapel Hill 430 MacNider, CB 7217, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7217, USA.
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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44
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Nichols DP, Chmiel JF. Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50 Suppl 40:S39-56. [PMID: 26335954 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The host inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has long been recognized as a central pathological feature and an important therapeutic target. Indeed, many believe that bronchiectasis results largely from the oxidative and proteolytic damage comprised within an exuberant airway inflammatory response that is dominated by neutrophils. In this review, we address the longstanding argument of whether or not the inflammatory response is directly attributable to impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or only secondary to airway obstruction and chronic bacterial infection and challenge the importance of this distinction in the context of therapy. We also review the centrality of neutrophils in CF lung pathophysiology and highlight more recent data that suggest the importance of other cell types and signaling beyond NF-κB activation. We discuss how protease and redox imbalance are critical factors in CF airway inflammation and end by reviewing some of the more promising therapeutic approaches now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - James F Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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45
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Multifaceted role of β-arrestins in inflammation and disease. Genes Immun 2015; 16:499-513. [PMID: 26378652 PMCID: PMC4670277 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arrestins are intracellular scaffolding proteins known to regulate a range of biochemical processes including G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, signal attenuation, receptor turnover and downstream signaling cascades. Their roles in regulation of signaling network have lately been extended to receptors outside of the GPCR family, demonstrating their roles as important scaffolding proteins in various physiological processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for arrestins in immunological processes including key functions in inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the different functions of the arrestin family of proteins especially related to immunity and inflammatory diseases.
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46
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Porter E, Ma DC, Alvarez S, Faull KF. Antimicrobial lipids: Emerging effector molecules of innate host defense. World J Immunol 2015; 5:51-61. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of host derived lipids have become increasingly recognized and evidence is mounting that antimicrobial lipids (AMLs), like antimicrobial peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immune system and are regulated by its conserved pathways. This review, with primary focus on the human body, provides some background on the biochemistry of lipids, summarizes their biological functions, expands on their antimicrobial properties and site-specific composition, presents modes of synergism with antimicrobial peptides, and highlights the more recent reports on the regulation of AML production as well as bacterial resistance mechanisms. Based on extant data a concept of innate epithelial defense is proposed where epithelial cells, in response to microbial products and proinflammatory cytokines and through activation of conserved innate signaling pathways, increase their lipid uptake and up-regulate transcription of enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, and induce transcription of antimicrobial peptides as well as cytokines and chemokines. The subsequently secreted antimicrobial peptides and lipids then attack and eliminate the invader, assisted by or in synergism with other antimicrobial molecules delivered by other defense cells that have been recruited to the site of infection, in most of the cases. This review invites reconsideration of the interpretation of cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophage lipid droplets in response to infection as a solely proinflammatory event, and proposes a direct antimicrobial role of lipid droplet- associated cholesteryl esters. Finally, for the interested, but new- to- the-field investigator some starting points for the characterization of AMLs are provided. Before it is possible to utilize AMLs for anti-infectious therapeutic and prophylactic approaches, we need to better understand pathogen responses to these lipids and their role in the pathogenesis of chronic infectious disease.
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47
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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48
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Seegmiller AC. Abnormal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis: biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16083-99. [PMID: 25216340 PMCID: PMC4200767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited multi-organ disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Patients with this disease exhibit characteristic abnormalities in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in blood and tissue. Recent studies have uncovered an underlying biochemical mechanism for some of these changes, namely increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. Among other effects, this drives metabolism of linoeate to arachidonate. Increased desaturase expression appears to be linked to cystic fibrosis mutations via stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the absence of functional CFTR protein. There is evidence that these abnormalities may contribute to disease pathophysiology by increasing production of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, of which arachidonate is a key substrate. Understanding these underlying mechanisms provides key insights that could potentially impact the diagnosis, clinical monitoring, nutrition, and therapy of patients suffering from this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 4918B TVC, 1301 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37027, USA.
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49
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Desbenoit N, Saussereau E, Bich C, Bourderioux M, Fritsch J, Edelman A, Brunelle A, Ollero M. Localized lipidomics in cystic fibrosis: TOF-SIMS imaging of lungs from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 52:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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West RH, Lu H, Shaw K, Chiel HJ, Kelley TJ, Burgess JD. Double Potential Pulse Chronocoulometry for Detection of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Efflux at Disk Platinum Microelectrodes. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014; 161:B111-B116. [PMID: 27330196 PMCID: PMC4909259 DOI: 10.1149/2.005406jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A double potential pulse scheme is reported for observation of cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane of a single neuron cell. Capillary Pt disk microelectrodes having a thin glass insulator allow the 10 μm diameter electrode and cell to be viewed under optical magnification. The electrode, covalently functionalized with cholesterol oxidase, is positioned in contact with the cell surface resulting in enzyme catalyzed cholesterol oxidation and efflux of cholesterol from the plasma membrane at the electrode contact site. Enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide accumulates at the electrode/cell interface during a 5 s hold-time and is oxidized during application of a potential pulse. A second, replicate potential pulse is applied 0.5 s after the first potential pulse to gauge background charge prior to significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. The difference in charge passed between the first and second potential pulse provides a measure of hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme and is an indication of the cholesterol efflux. Control experiments for bare Pt microelectrodes in contact with the cell plasma membrane show difference charge signals in the range of about 7-10 pC. Enzyme-modified electrodes in contact with the plasma membrane show signals in the range of 16-26 pC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. West
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Kendrick Shaw
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Hillel J. Chiel
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - James D. Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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