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Leask A, Nguyen J, Naik A, Chitturi P, Riser BL. The role of yes activated protein (YAP) in melanoma metastasis. iScience 2024; 27:109864. [PMID: 38770136 PMCID: PMC11103372 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippo was first identified in a genetic screen as a protein that suppressed proliferation and cell growth. Subsequently, it was shown that hippo acted in a so-called canonical cascade to suppress Yorkie, the Drosophila equivalent of Yes-activated protein (YAP), a mechanosensitive transcriptional cofactor that enhances the activity of the TEAD family of transcription factors. YAP promotes fibrosis, activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, angiogenesis and cancer cell invasion. YAP activates the expression of the matricellular proteins CCN1 (cyr61) and CCN2 (ctgf), themselves mediators of fibrogenesis and oncogenesis, and coordination of matrix deposition and angiogenesis. This review discusses how therapeutically targeting YAP through YAP inhibitors verteporfin and celastrol and its downstream mediators CCN1 and CCN2 might be useful in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - John Nguyen
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Angha Naik
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Pratyusha Chitturi
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Bruce L. Riser
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology & Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 N. Green Bay Road, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- BLR Bio, LLC, Kenosha, WI 53140, USA
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2
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Haydak J, Azeloglu EU. Role of biophysics and mechanobiology in podocyte physiology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:371-385. [PMID: 38443711 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Podocytes form the backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier and are exposed to various mechanical forces throughout the lifetime of an individual. The highly dynamic biomechanical environment of the glomerular capillaries greatly influences the cell biology of podocytes and their pathophysiology. Throughout the past two decades, a holistic picture of podocyte cell biology has emerged, highlighting mechanobiological signalling pathways, cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular adhesion as key determinants of biomechanical resilience in podocytes. This biomechanical resilience is essential for the physiological function of podocytes, including the formation and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocytes integrate diverse biomechanical stimuli from their environment and adapt their biophysical properties accordingly. However, perturbations in biomechanical cues or the underlying podocyte mechanobiology can lead to glomerular dysfunction with severe clinical consequences, including proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. As our mechanistic understanding of podocyte mechanobiology and its role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease increases, new targets for podocyte-specific therapeutics will emerge. Treating glomerular diseases by targeting podocyte mechanobiology might improve therapeutic precision and efficacy, with potential to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease on individuals and health-care systems alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Estrada-Bernal A, Sharma L, Shah FA. "When the Going Gets Tough": Novel Roles for TRPV4 in Stiffness-induced Phagolysosome Maturation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:431-432. [PMID: 38502902 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0070ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Pittsburgh
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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4
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Lu M, Zhu M, Wu Z, Liu W, Cao C, Shi J. The role of YAP/TAZ on joint and arthritis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23636. [PMID: 38752683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common forms of arthritis with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which act as sensors for cellular mechanical and inflammatory cues, have been identified as crucial players in the regulation of joint homeostasis. Current studies also reveal a significant association between YAP/TAZ and the pathogenesis of OA and RA. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of YAP/TAZ on different joint tissues and to provide inspiration for further studying the potential therapeutic implications of YAP/TAZ on arthritis. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochran Library, and Embase, were searched for all available studies during the past two decades, with keywords "YAP," "TAZ," "OA," and "RA."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuwen Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Fuster-Martínez I, Calatayud S. The currrent landscape of antifibrotic therapy across different organs: A systematic approach. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107245. [PMID: 38821150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process that can affect virtually all the organs, but there are hardly any effective therapeutic options. This has led to an intense search for antifibrotic therapies over the last decades, with a great number of clinical assays currently underway. We have systematically reviewed all current and recently finished clinical trials involved in the development of new antifibrotic drugs, and the preclinical studies analyzing the relevance of each of these pharmacological strategies in fibrotic processes affecting tissues beyond those being clinically studied. We analyze and discuss this information with the aim of determining the most promising options and the feasibility of extending their therapeutic value as antifibrotic agents to other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia 46020, Spain.
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain.
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6
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Govorova IA, Nikitochkina SY, Vorotelyak EA. Influence of intersignaling crosstalk on the intracellular localization of YAP/TAZ in lung cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:289. [PMID: 38802925 PMCID: PMC11129370 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell is a dynamic system in which various processes occur simultaneously. In particular, intra- and intercellular signaling pathway crosstalk has a significant impact on a cell's life cycle, differentiation, proliferation, growth, regeneration, and, consequently, on the normal functioning of an entire organ. Hippo signaling and YAP/TAZ nucleocytoplasmic shuttling play a pivotal role in normal development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration, particularly in lung cells. Intersignaling communication has a significant impact on the core components of the Hippo pathway and on YAP/TAZ localization. This review describes the crosstalk between Hippo signaling and key lung signaling pathways (WNT, SHH, TGFβ, Notch, Rho, and mTOR) using lung cells as an example and highlights the remaining unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Govorova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - S Y Nikitochkina
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - E A Vorotelyak
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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Hall JK, Bates JHT, Krishnan R, Kim JH, Deng Y, Lutchen KR, Suki B. Elucidating the interaction between stretch and stiffness using an agent-based spring network model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1396383. [PMID: 38840902 PMCID: PMC11150662 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1396383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a deadly disease that involves the dysregulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are mechanosensitive. Previous computational models have succeeded in modeling stiffness-mediated fibroblasts behaviors; however, these models have neglected to consider stretch-mediated behaviors, especially stretch-sensitive channels and the stretch-mediated release of latent TGF-β. Here, we develop and explore an agent-based model and spring network model hybrid that is capable of recapitulating both stiffness and stretch. Using the model, we evaluate the role of mechanical signaling in homeostasis and disease progression during self-healing and fibrosis, respectively. We develop the model such that there is a fibrotic threshold near which the network tends towards instability and fibrosis or below which the network tends to heal. The healing response is due to the stretch signal, whereas the fibrotic response occurs when the stiffness signal overpowers the stretch signal, creating a positive feedback loop. We also find that by changing the proportional weights of the stretch and stiffness signals, we observe heterogeneity in pathological network structure similar to that seen in human IPF tissue. The system also shows emergent behavior and bifurcations: whether the network will heal or turn fibrotic depends on the initial network organization of the damage, clearly demonstrating structure's pivotal role in healing or fibrosis of the overall network. In summary, these results strongly suggest that the mechanical signaling present in the lungs combined with network effects contribute to both homeostasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason H. T. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Lutchen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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9
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Yu Y, Chu C, Wang K, Li Y, Mao Z, Hu L, Wang J, Yu Y, Sun H, Chen F. YAP/TAZ activation mediates PQ-induced lung fibrosis by sustaining senescent pulmonary epithelial cells. Respir Res 2024; 25:212. [PMID: 38762455 PMCID: PMC11102259 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide and a common cause of poisoning that leads to pulmonary fibrosis with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and whether pulmonary epithelial cell senescence is involved in the process remain elusive. In this study, PQ-induced pulmonary epithelial cell senescence and Hippo-YAP/TAZ activation were observed in both C57BL/6 mice and human epithelial cells. PQ-induced senescent pulmonary epithelial cells promoted lung fibroblast transformation through secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Yap/Taz knockdown in mice lungs significantly decreased the expression of downstream profibrotic protein Ctgf and senescent markers p16 and p21, and alleviated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interfering YAP/TAZ in senescent human pulmonary epithelial cells resulted in decreased expression of the anti-apoptosis protein survivin and elevated level of apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the involvement of Hippo-YAP/TAZ activation in pulmonary epithelial cell senescence mediates the pathogenesis of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, thereby offering novel insights and potential targets for the clinical management of PQ poisoning as well as providing the mechanistic insight of the involvement of Yap/Taz activation in cell senescence in pulmonary fibrosis and its related pulmonary disorders. The YIN YANG balance between cell senescence and apoptosis is important to maintain the homeostasis of the lung, the disruption of which will lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Biomedical publications center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Yang C, Tan Y, Li Z, Hu L, Chen Y, Zhu S, Hu J, Huai T, Li M, Zhang G, Rao D, Fei G, Shao M, Ding Z. Pulmonary redox imbalance drives early fibroproliferative response in moderate/severe coronavirus disease-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and impacts long-term lung abnormalities. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:72. [PMID: 38735020 PMCID: PMC11089033 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated pulmonary fibrosis remains frequent. This study aimed to investigate pulmonary redox balance in COVID-19 ARDS patients and possible relationship with pulmonary fibrosis and long-term lung abnormalities. METHODS Baseline data, chest CT fibrosis scores, N-terminal peptide of alveolar collagen III (NT-PCP-III), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were first collected and compared between SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients with moderate to severe ARDS (n = 65, COVID-19 ARDS) and SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative non-ARDS patients requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 63, non-ARDS). Then, correlations between fibroproliferative (NT-PCP-III and TGF-β1) and redox markers were analyzed within COVID-19 ARDS group, and comparisons between survivor and non-survivor subgroups were performed. Finally, follow-up of COVID-19 ARDS survivors was performed to analyze the relationship between pulmonary abnormalities, fibroproliferative and redox markers 3 months after discharge. RESULTS Compared with non-ARDS group, COVID-19 ARDS group had significantly elevated chest CT fibrosis scores (p < 0.001) and NT-PCP-III (p < 0.001), TGF-β1 (p < 0.001), GSSG (p < 0.001), and MDA (p < 0.001) concentrations on admission, while decreased SOD (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.001) levels were observed in BALF. Both NT-PCP-III and TGF-β1 in BALF from COVID-19 ARDS group were directly correlated with GSSG (p < 0.001) and MDA (p < 0.001) and were inversely correlated with SOD (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.001). Within COVID-19 ARDS group, non-survivors (n = 28) showed significant pulmonary fibroproliferation (p < 0.001) with more severe redox imbalance (p < 0.001) than survivors (n = 37). Furthermore, according to data from COVID-19 ARDS survivor follow-up (n = 37), radiographic residual pulmonary fibrosis and lung function impairment improved 3 months after discharge compared with discharge (p < 0.001) and were associated with early pulmonary fibroproliferation and redox imbalance (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary redox imbalance occurring early in COVID-19 ARDS patients drives fibroproliferative response and increases the risk of death. Long-term lung abnormalities post-COVID-19 are associated with early pulmonary fibroproliferation and redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zihao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Shouliang Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Huai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Dewang Rao
- Anhui Medical University, #81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Min Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhenxing Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Czekay RP, Higgins CE, Aydin HB, Samarakoon R, Subasi NB, Higgins SP, Lee H, Higgins PJ. SERPINE1: Role in Cholangiocarcinoma Progression and a Therapeutic Target in the Desmoplastic Microenvironment. Cells 2024; 13:796. [PMID: 38786020 PMCID: PMC11119900 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A heterogenous population of inflammatory elements, other immune and nonimmune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are evident in solid malignancies where they coexist with the growing tumor mass. In highly desmoplastic malignancies, CAFs are the prominent mesenchymal cell type in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where their presence and abundance signal a poor prognosis. CAFs play a major role in the progression of various cancers by remodeling the supporting stroma into a dense, fibrotic matrix while secreting factors that promote the maintenance of cancer stem-like characteristics, tumor cell survival, aggressive growth and metastasis and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Tumors with high stromal fibrotic signatures are more likely to be associated with drug resistance and eventual relapse. Identifying the molecular underpinnings for such multidirectional crosstalk among the various normal and neoplastic cell types in the TME may provide new targets and novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights recent concepts regarding the complexity of CAF biology in cholangiocarcinoma, a highly desmoplastic cancer. The discussion focuses on CAF heterogeneity, functionality in drug resistance, contributions to a progressively fibrotic tumor stroma, the involved signaling pathways and the participating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf-Peter Czekay
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (R.-P.C.); (C.E.H.); (R.S.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Craig E. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (R.-P.C.); (C.E.H.); (R.S.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Hasan Basri Aydin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (H.B.A.); (N.B.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (R.-P.C.); (C.E.H.); (R.S.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Nusret Bekir Subasi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (H.B.A.); (N.B.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (R.-P.C.); (C.E.H.); (R.S.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Hwajeong Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (H.B.A.); (N.B.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (R.-P.C.); (C.E.H.); (R.S.); (S.P.H.)
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12
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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400357. [PMID: 38695274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ-specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
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13
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Qiu Y, Que Y, Ding Z, Zhang S, Wei R, Xia J, Lin Y. Drugs targeting CTGF in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18448. [PMID: 38774993 PMCID: PMC11109635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis represents the final alteration seen in a wide variety of lung disorders characterized by increased fibroblast activity and the accumulation of substantial amounts of extracellular matrix, along with inflammatory damage and the breakdown of tissue architecture. This condition is marked by a significant mortality rate and a lack of effective treatments. The depositing of an excessive quantity of extracellular matrix protein follows the damage to lung capillaries and alveolar epithelial cells, leading to pulmonary fibrosis and irreversible damage to lung function. It has been proposed that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in the advancement of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the accumulation of the extracellular matrix and exacerbating fibrosis. In this context, the significance of CTGF in pulmonary fibrosis is examined, and a summary of the development of drugs targeting CTGF for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Qiu
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yueyue Que
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zheyu Ding
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rong Wei
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianing Xia
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yingying Lin
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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14
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qin J, Lan HY, Wang L, Huang Y, Mak KK, Zheng Z, Xia Y. Activation of the YAP/KLF5 transcriptional cascade in renal tubular cells aggravates kidney injury. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1526-1539. [PMID: 38414248 PMCID: PMC11081877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo/YAP pathway plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Our previous work demonstrated that renal tubular YAP activation induced by double knockout (dKO) of the upstream Hippo kinases Mst1 and Mst2 promotes tubular injury and renal inflammation under basal conditions. However, the importance of tubular YAP activation remains to be established in injured kidneys in which many other injurious pathways are simultaneously activated. Here, we show that tubular YAP was already activated 6 h after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubular YAP deficiency greatly attenuated tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation induced by UUO or cisplatin. YAP promoted the transcription of the transcription factor KLF5. Consistent with this, the elevated expression of KLF5 and its target genes in Mst1/2 dKO or UUO kidneys was blocked by ablation of Yap in tubular cells. Inhibition of KLF5 prevented tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation in Mst1/2 dKO kidneys. Therefore, our results demonstrate that tubular YAP is a key player in kidney injury. YAP and KLF5 form a transcriptional cascade, where tubular YAP activation induced by kidney injury promotes KLF5 transcription. Activation of this cascade induces tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of the Ministry of Education, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kingston Kinglun Mak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Olaoba OT, Yang M, Adelusi TI, Maidens T, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G. Targeted Therapy for Highly Desmoplastic and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1470. [PMID: 38672552 PMCID: PMC11048089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, PDAC remains recalcitrant to therapies because patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The advanced stage of PDAC is characterized by metastasis, which typically renders it unresectable by surgery or untreatable by chemotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC comprises highly proliferative myofibroblast-like cells and hosts the intense deposition of a extracellular matrix component that forms dense fibrous connective tissue, a process called the desmoplastic reaction. In desmoplastic TMEs, the incessant aberration of signaling pathways contributes to immunosuppression by suppressing antitumor immunity. This feature offers a protective barrier that impedes the targeted delivery of drugs. In addition, the efficacy of immunotherapy is compromised because of the immune cold TME of PDAC. Targeted therapy approaches towards stromal and immunosuppressive TMEs are challenging. In this review, we discuss cellular and non-cellular TME components that contain actionable targets for drug development. We also highlight findings from preclinical studies and provide updates about the efficacies of new investigational drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide T. Olaoba
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Temitope I. Adelusi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Tessa Maidens
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (O.T.O.); (M.Y.); (T.I.A.); (T.M.); (E.T.K.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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16
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Leong E, Al-Bitar H, Marshall JS, Bezuhly M. Ketotifen directly modifies the fibrotic response of human skin fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7076. [PMID: 38528089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a destructive, end-stage disease process. In the skin, it is associated with systemic sclerosis and scarring with considerable health burden. Ketotifen is a clinical antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Studies have demonstrated mast cell-dependent anti-fibrotic effects of ketotifen but direct effects on fibroblasts have not been determined. Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ) followed by ketotifen or control treatments to determine direct effects on fibrotic fibroblasts. Ketotifen impaired TGFβ-induced α-smooth muscle actin gene and protein responses and decreased cytoskeletal- and contractility-associated gene responses associated with fibrosis. Ketotifen reduced Yes-associated protein phosphorylation, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif transcript and protein levels, and phosphorylation of protein kinase B. In a fibroblast-populated collagen gel contraction assay, ketotifen reduced the contractile activity of TGFβ-activated fibroblasts. In a murine model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, collagen density and dermal thickness were significantly decreased in ketotifen-treated mice supporting in vitro findings. These results support a novel, direct anti-fibrotic activity of ketotifen, reducing pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes in fibroblasts and reducing collagen fibres in fibrotic mouse skin. Together, these findings suggest novel therapeutic potential and a novel mechanism of action for ketotifen in the context of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Haya Al-Bitar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada.
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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17
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Nizamoglu M, Alleblas F, Koster T, Borghuis T, Vonk JM, Thomas MJ, White ES, Watson CK, Timens W, El Kasmi KC, Melgert BN, Heijink IH, Burgess JK. Three dimensional fibrotic extracellular matrix directs microenvironment fiber remodeling by fibroblasts. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:118-131. [PMID: 38350556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), for which effective treatments are limited, results in excessive and disorganized deposition of aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM). An altered ECM microenvironment is postulated to contribute to disease progression through inducing profibrotic behavior of lung fibroblasts, the main producers and regulators of ECM. Here, we examined this hypothesis in a 3D in vitro model system by growing primary human lung fibroblasts in ECM-derived hydrogels from non-fibrotic (control) or IPF lung tissue. Using this model, we compared how control and IPF lung-derived fibroblasts responded in control and fibrotic microenvironments in a combinatorial manner. Culture of fibroblasts in fibrotic hydrogels did not alter in the overall amount of collagen or glycosaminoglycans but did cause a drastic change in fiber organization compared to culture in control hydrogels. High-density collagen percentage was increased by control fibroblasts in IPF hydrogels at day 7, but decreased at day 14. In contrast, IPF fibroblasts only decreased the high-density collagen percentage at day 14, which was accompanied by enhanced fiber alignment in IPF hydrogels. Similarly, stiffness of fibrotic hydrogels was increased only by control fibroblasts by day 14 while those of control hydrogels were not altered by fibroblasts. These data highlight how the ECM-remodeling responses of fibroblasts are influenced by the origin of both the cells and the ECM. Moreover, by showing how the 3D microenvironment plays a crucial role in directing cells, our study paves the way in guiding future investigations examining fibrotic processes with respect to ECM remodeling responses of fibroblasts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we investigated the influence of the altered extracellular matrix (ECM) in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), using a 3D in vitro model system composed of ECM-derived hydrogels from both IPF and control lungs, seeded with human IPF and control lung fibroblasts. While our results indicated that fibrotic microenvironment did not change the overall collagen or glycosaminoglycan content, it resulted in a dramatically alteration of fiber organization and mechanical properties. Control fibroblasts responded differently from IPF fibroblasts, highlighting the unique instructive role of the fibrotic ECM and the interplay with fibroblast origin. These results underscore the importance of 3D microenvironments in guiding pro-fibrotic responses, offering potential insights for future IPF therapies as well as other fibrotic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Frederique Alleblas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Taco Koster
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Eric S White
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Carolin K Watson
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Meizlish ML, Kimura Y, Pope SD, Matta R, Kim C, Philip NH, Meyaard L, Gonzalez A, Medzhitov R. Mechanosensing regulates tissue repair program in macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6906. [PMID: 38478620 PMCID: PMC10936955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, how macrophages monitor and maintain tissue integrity is not well understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key structural and organizational component of all tissues. Here, we find that macrophages sense the mechanical properties of the ECM to regulate a specific tissue repair program. We show that macrophage mechanosensing is mediated by cytoskeletal remodeling and can be performed in three-dimensional environments through a noncanonical, integrin-independent mechanism analogous to amoeboid migration. We find that these cytoskeletal dynamics also integrate biochemical signaling by colony-stimulating factor 1 and ultimately regulate chromatin accessibility to control the mechanosensitive gene expression program. This study identifies an "amoeboid" mode of ECM mechanosensing through which macrophages may regulate tissue repair and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Meizlish
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott D. Pope
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rita Matta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naomi H. Philip
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Kwon Y. YAP/TAZ as Molecular Targets in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Osteoporosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0306. [PMID: 38502585 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bones are closely connected anatomically and functionally. Age-related degeneration in these tissues is associated with physical disability in the elderly and significantly impacts their quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related musculoskeletal tissue degeneration is crucial for identifying molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. The Hippo pathway is a recently identified signaling pathway that plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway. This review highlights the fundamental roles of YAP and TAZ in the homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles and bones. YAP/TAZ play a significant role in stem cell function by relaying various environmental signals to stem cells. Skeletal muscle atrophy and osteoporosis are related to stem cell dysfunction or senescence triggered by YAP/TAZ dysregulation resulting from reduced mechanosensing and mitochondrial function in stem cells. In contrast, the maintenance of YAP/TAZ activation can suppress stem cell senescence and tissue dysfunction and may be used as a basis for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Thus, targeting YAP/TAZ holds significant therapeutic potential for alleviating age-related muscle and bone dysfunction and improving the quality of life in the elderly.
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20
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Zhou BW, Liu HM, Xu F, Jia XH. The role of macrophage polarization and cellular crosstalk in the pulmonary fibrotic microenvironment: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:172. [PMID: 38461312 PMCID: PMC10924385 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive interstitial inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate. Patients with PF commonly experience a chronic dry cough and progressive dyspnoea for years without effective mitigation. The pathogenesis of PF is believed to be associated with dysfunctional macrophage polarization, fibroblast proliferation, and the loss of epithelial cells. Thus, it is of great importance and necessity to explore the interactions among macrophages, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial cells in lung fibrosis, as well as in the pro-fibrotic microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the latest studies that have investigated macrophage polarization and activation of non-immune cells in the context of PF pathogenesis and progression. Next, we discuss how profibrotic cellular crosstalk is promoted in the PF microenvironment by multiple cytokines, chemokines, and signalling pathways. And finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of fibrogenesis development and efficient therapeutic strategies for the disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the vital role of macrophage polarization in PF and its profibrotic crosstalk with fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells and suggest potential treatment strategies to target their cellular communication in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hua-Man Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xin-Hua Jia
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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21
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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22
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Mittelheisser V, Gensbittel V, Bonati L, Li W, Tang L, Goetz JG. Evidence and therapeutic implications of biomechanically regulated immunosurveillance in cancer and other diseases. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:281-297. [PMID: 38286876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Disease progression is usually accompanied by changes in the biochemical composition of cells and tissues and their biophysical properties. For instance, hallmarks of cancer include the stiffening of tissues caused by extracellular matrix remodelling and the softening of individual cancer cells. In this context, accumulating evidence has shown that immune cells sense and respond to mechanical signals from the environment. However, the mechanisms regulating these mechanical aspects of immune surveillance remain partially understood. The growing appreciation for the 'mechano-immunology' field has urged researchers to investigate how immune cells sense and respond to mechanical cues in various disease settings, paving the way for the development of novel engineering strategies that aim at mechanically modulating and potentiating immune cells for enhanced immunotherapies. Recent pioneer developments in this direction have laid the foundations for leveraging 'mechanical immunoengineering' strategies to treat various diseases. This Review first outlines the mechanical changes occurring during pathological progression in several diseases, including cancer, fibrosis and infection. We next highlight the mechanosensitive nature of immune cells and how mechanical forces govern the immune responses in different diseases. Finally, we discuss how targeting the biomechanical features of the disease milieu and immune cells is a promising strategy for manipulating therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Bonati
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France.
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23
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Longmate WM, Norton E, Duarte GA, Wu L, DiPersio MR, Lamar JM, DiPersio CM. Keratinocyte integrin α3β1 induces expression of the macrophage stimulating factor, CSF-1, through a YAP/TEAD-dependent mechanism. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:48-56. [PMID: 38340968 PMCID: PMC10923166 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of wound therapy targeting integrins is hampered by inadequate understanding of integrin function in cutaneous wound healing and the wound microenvironment. Following cutaneous injury, keratinocytes migrate to restore the skin barrier, and macrophages aid in debris clearance. Thus, both keratinocytes and macrophages are critical to the coordination of tissue repair. Keratinocyte integrins have been shown to participate in this coordinated effort by regulating secreted factors, some of which crosstalk to distinct cells in the wound microenvironment. Epidermal integrin α3β1 is a receptor for laminin-332 in the cutaneous basement membrane. Here we show that wounds deficient in epidermal α3β1 express less epidermal-derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), the primary macrophage-stimulating growth factor. α3β1-deficient wounds also have fewer wound-proximal macrophages, suggesting that keratinocyte α3β1 may stimulate wound macrophages through the regulation of CSF-1. Indeed, using a set of immortalized keratinocytes, we demonstrate that keratinocyte-derived CSF-1 supports macrophage growth, and that α3β1 regulates Csf1 expression through Src-dependent stimulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP)-Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD)-mediated transcription. Consistently, α3β1-deficient wounds in vivo display a substantially reduced number of keratinocytes with YAP-positive nuclei. Overall, our current findings identify a novel role for epidermal integrin α3β1 in regulating the cutaneous wound microenvironment by mediating paracrine crosstalk from keratinocytes to wound macrophages, implicating α3β1 as a potential target of wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Longmate
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Giesse Albeche Duarte
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Mathieu R DiPersio
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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24
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Pitha I, Du L, Nguyen TD, Quigley H. IOP and glaucoma damage: The essential role of optic nerve head and retinal mechanosensors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101232. [PMID: 38110030 PMCID: PMC10960268 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions on the relation of intraocular pressure to glaucoma development and progression. IOP itself cannot be distilled to a single, unifying value, because IOP level varies over time, differs depending on ocular location, and can be affected by method of measurement. Ultimately, IOP level creates mechanical strain that affects axonal function at the optic nerve head which causes local extracellular matrix remodeling and retinal ganglion cell death - hallmarks of glaucoma and the cause of glaucomatous vision loss. Extracellular tissue strain at the ONH and lamina cribrosa is regionally variable and differs in magnitude and location between healthy and glaucomatous eyes. The ultimate targets of IOP-induced tissue strain in glaucoma are retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic nerve head and the cells that support axonal function (astrocytes, the neurovascular unit, microglia, and fibroblasts). These cells sense tissue strain through a series of signals that originate at the cell membrane and alter cytoskeletal organization, migration, differentiation, gene transcription, and proliferation. The proteins that translate mechanical stimuli into molecular signals act as band-pass filters - sensing some stimuli while ignoring others - and cellular responses to stimuli can differ based on cell type and differentiation state. Therefore, to fully understand the IOP signals that are relevant to glaucoma, it is necessary to understand the ultimate cellular targets of IOP-induced mechanical stimuli and their ability to sense, ignore, and translate these signals into cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liya Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry Quigley
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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He ZJ, Chu C, Dickson R, Okuda K, Cai LH. A gel-coated air-liquid-interface culture system with tunable substrate stiffness matching healthy and diseased lung tissues. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L292-L302. [PMID: 38252871 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in the late 1980s, the air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture system has been the standard in vitro model for studying human airway biology and pulmonary diseases. However, in a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a porous plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. Here, we develop a gel-ALI culture system by simply coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We determine the optimum gel thickness that does not impair the transport of nutrients and biomolecules essential to cell growth. We show that the gel-ALI system allows human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to proliferate and differentiate into pseudostratified epithelium. Furthermore, we discover that HBECs migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with stiffness matching that of fibrotic lung tissues, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling. The developed gel-ALI system provides a facile approach to studying the effects of mechanical cues in human airway biology and in modeling pulmonary diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. We develop a gel-ALI system by coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We discover that human bronchial epithelial cells migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with pathological stiffness, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Catherine Chu
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Riley Dickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Li-Heng Cai
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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26
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Li YY, Ji SF, Fu XB, Jiang YF, Sun XY. Biomaterial-based mechanical regulation facilitates scarless wound healing with functional skin appendage regeneration. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:13. [PMID: 38369464 PMCID: PMC10874556 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Scar formation resulting from burns or severe trauma can significantly compromise the structural integrity of skin and lead to permanent loss of skin appendages, ultimately impairing its normal physiological function. Accumulating evidence underscores the potential of targeted modulation of mechanical cues to enhance skin regeneration, promoting scarless repair by influencing the extracellular microenvironment and driving the phenotypic transitions. The field of skin repair and skin appendage regeneration has witnessed remarkable advancements in the utilization of biomaterials with distinct physical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains somewhat elusive, limiting the broader application of these innovations. In this review, we present two promising biomaterial-based mechanical approaches aimed at bolstering the regenerative capacity of compromised skin. The first approach involves leveraging biomaterials with specific biophysical properties to create an optimal scarless environment that supports cellular activities essential for regeneration. The second approach centers on harnessing mechanical forces exerted by biomaterials to enhance cellular plasticity, facilitating efficient cellular reprogramming and, consequently, promoting the regeneration of skin appendages. In summary, the manipulation of mechanical cues using biomaterial-based strategies holds significant promise as a supplementary approach for achieving scarless wound healing, coupled with the restoration of multiple skin appendage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shuai-Fei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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27
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Starich B, Yang F, Tanrioven D, Kung HC, Baek J, Nair PR, Kamat P, Macaluso N, Eoh J, Han KS, Gu L, Sun S, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Phillip JM. Substrate stiffness modulates the emergence and magnitude of senescence phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579151. [PMID: 38370721 PMCID: PMC10871290 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major driver of aging and disease. Here we show that substrate stiffness modulates the emergence and magnitude of senescence phenotypes post induction. Using a primary dermal fibroblast model of senescence, we show that decreased substrate stiffness accelerates cell-cycle arrest during senescence development and regulate expression of conventional protein-based biomarkers of senescence. We found that the expression of these senescence biomarkers, namely p21 WAF1/CIP1 ( CDKN1a ) and p16 INK4a ( CDKN2a ) are mechanosensitive and are in-part regulated by myosin contractility through focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-ROCK signaling. Interestingly, at the protein level senescence-induced dermal fibroblasts on soft substrates (0.5 kPa) do not express p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p16 INK4a at comparable levels to induced cells on stiff substrates (4GPa). However, cells do express CDKN1a, CDKN2a, and IL6 at the RNA level across both stiff and soft substrates. When cells were transferred from soft to stiff substrates, senescent cells recover an elevated expression expressing p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p16 INK4a at levels comparable to senescence cells on stiff substrates, pointing to a mechanosensitive regulation of the senescence phenotypes. Together, our results indicate that the induction of senescence programs depends critically on the mechanical environments of cells and that senescent cells actively respond and adapt to changing mechanical cues.
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28
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Wang Y. Erdr1 Drives Macrophage Programming via Dynamic Interplay with YAP1 and Mid1. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:198-213. [PMID: 38392560 PMCID: PMC10916360 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is a stress-induced, widely expressed, highly conserved secreted factor found in both humans and mice. Erdr1 is linked with the Hippo-YAP1 signaling. Initially identified as an inducer of hemoglobin synthesis, Erdr1 emerged as a multifunctional protein, especially in immune cells. Although Erdr1 has been implicated in regulating T cells and NK cell function, its role in macrophage remains unclear. This study explored the function and mechanism of Erdr1 in macrophage inflammatory response. The data demonstrated that Erdr1 could promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production, a function that also has been reported by previous research. However, I found Erdr1 also could play a proinflammatory role. The function of Erdr1 in macrophages depends on its dose and cell density. I observed that Erdr1 expression was inhibited in M1 macrophages but was upregulated in M2 macrophages compared with unpolarized macrophages. I hypothesized that Erdr1 balances the inflammatory response by binding with distinct adaptors dependent on varying concentrations. Mechanistically, I demonstrated YAP1 and Mid1 as the two adaptor proteins of Erdr1. The Erdr1-YAP1 interaction promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are elevated, whereas the Erdr1-Mid1 interaction induces proinflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are decreased. This study highlights the effects of Erdr1 on regulating cytokine production from polarized macrophages potentially by regulating YAP1 in the nonclassical Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, IA City, IA
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29
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Hao Y, Feng D, Ye H, Liao W. Nobiletin Alleviated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocytes in Liver Fibrosis Based on Autophagy-Hippo/YAP Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300529. [PMID: 38044268 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The current researches indicated that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis. To date, there is a paucity of literature regarding the impact of nobiletin (NOB) on liver fibrosis. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of NOB on EMT in hepatocytes during the progression of liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The findings demonstrated that NOB significantly suppresses liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced mice by reducing inflammation and fiber deposition in the liver. Moreover, NOB mitigates EMT in hepatocytes, concurrently alleviating inflammatory status and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The comprehensive investigation reveals that the hepatoprotective effect of NOB in liver fibrosis is attributed to autophagy activation, as evidenced by a significant increase in LC3 II expression and p62 degradation upon NOB treatment. Additionally, NOB activates the Hippo/YAP pathway by downregulating YAP and its downstream targets in liver fibrosis, which is regulated by autophagy based on experiments with chloroquine (CQ), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and siYAP intervention. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study provides evidences that NOB can protect hepatocytes from undergoing EMT during liver fibrosis by inducing autophagy and subsequently modulating the Hippo/YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dongliang Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huarui Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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30
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Lin D, Luo C, Wei P, Zhang A, Zhang M, Wu X, Deng B, Li Z, Cui K, Chen Z. YAP1 Recognizes Inflammatory and Mechanical Cues to Exacerbate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Promoting Cell Survival and Fibrosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304274. [PMID: 38050650 PMCID: PMC10837380 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic prostatic inflammation promotes cell survival and fibrosis, leading to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with aggravated urinary symptoms. It is investigated whether yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), an organ size controller and mechanical transductor, is implicated in inflammation-induced BPH. The correlation between YAP1 expression and fibrosis in human and rat BPH specimens is analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of YAP1 activation on prostatic cell survival and fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanism, are also studied. As a result, total and nuclear YAP1 expression, along with downstream genes are significantly upregulated in inflammation-associated human and rat specimens. There is a significant positive correlation between YAP1 expression and the severity of fibrosis or clinical performance. YAP1 silencing suppresses cell survival by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis, and alleviates fibrosis by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in prostatic BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. Mechanistically, inflammatory stimulus and rigid matrix stiffness synergistically activate the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway to provoke cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby promoting YAP1 activation to exacerbate BPH development. Overall, inflammation-triggered mechanical stiffness reinforcement activates the RhoA/ROCK1/F-actin/YAP1 axis, thereby promoting prostatic cell survival and fibrosis to accelerate BPH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Lin
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Changcheng Luo
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Pengyu Wei
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department of RehabilitationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Bolang Deng
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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31
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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32
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Yang S, Yang L, Luo W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Chao J. Macrophage-derived MMP12 promotes fibrosis through sustained damage to endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132733. [PMID: 37816293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of endothelial cell function. However, the potential impact and mechanisms of crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells during silicosis progression remain unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, a mouse model of silicosis was established. Single cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome sequencing, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, tube-forming and wound healing assays were used to explore the effects of silicon dioxide on macrophage-endothelial interactions. To investigate the mechanism of macrophage-mediated fibrosis, MMP12 was specifically inactivated using siRNA and pharmacological approaches, and macrophages were depleted using disodium chlorophosphite liposomes. Compared to the normal saline group, the silica dust group showed altered macrophage-endothelial interactions. Matrix metalloproteinase family member MMP12 was identified as a key mediator of the altered function of macrophage-endothelial interactions after silica exposure, which was accompanied by pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and fibrotic progression. By using ablation strategies, macrophage-derived MMP12 was shown to mediate endothelial cell dysfunction by accumulating on the extracellular matrix. During the inflammatory phase of silicosis, MMP12 secreted by pro-inflammatory macrophages caused decreased endothelial cell viability, reduced migration, decreased trans-endothelial resistance and increased permeability; while during the fibrotic phase, macrophage-derived MMP12 sustained endothelial cell injury through accumulation on the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbei Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Liliang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shanxi, 712082, China.
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33
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Sumey JL, Harrell AM, Johnston PC, Caliari SR. Serial Passaging Affects Stromal Cell Mechanosensitivity on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300110. [PMID: 37747449 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous interest in developing hydrogels as tunable in vitro cell culture platforms to study cell response to mechanical cues in a controlled manner. However, little is known about how common cell culture techniques, such as serial expansion on tissue culture plastic, affect subsequent cell behavior when cultured on hydrogels. In this work, a methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel platform is leveraged to study stromal cell mechanotransduction. Hydrogels are first formed through thiol-Michael addition to model normal soft tissue (e.g., lung) stiffness (E ≈ 1 kPa). Secondary cross-linking via radical photopolymerization of unconsumed methacrylates allows matching of early- (E ≈ 6 kPa) and late-stage fibrotic tissue (E ≈ 50 kPa). Early passage (P1) human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) display increased spreading, myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) nuclear localization, and focal adhesion size with increasing hydrogel stiffness. However, late passage (P5) hMSCs show reduced sensitivity to substrate mechanics with lower MRTF-A nuclear translocation and smaller focal adhesions on stiffer hydrogels compared to early passage hMSCs. Similar trends are observed in an immortalized human lung fibroblast line. Overall, this work highlights the implications of standard cell culture practices on investigating cell response to mechanical signals using in vitro hydrogel models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Abigail M Harrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Peyton C Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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Zeyada MS, Eraky SM, El-Shishtawy MM. Trigonelline mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis: Insight into NLRP3 inflammasome and SPHK1/S1P/Hippo signaling modulation. Life Sci 2024; 336:122272. [PMID: 37981228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with an increasing incidence following the COVID-19 outbreak. Pirfenidone (Pirf), an FDA-approved pulmonary anti-fibrotic drug, is poorly tolerated and exhibits limited efficacy. Trigonelline (Trig) is a natural plant alkaloid with diverse pharmacological actions. We investigated the underlying prophylactic and therapeutic mechanisms of Trig in ameliorating bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the possible synergistic antifibrotic activity of Pirf via its combination with Trig. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single dose of BLM was administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for PF induction. In the prophylactic study, Trig was given orally 3 days before BLM and then for 28 days. In the therapeutic study, Trig and/or Pirf were given orally from day 8 after BLM until the 28th day. Biochemical assay, histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were performed on lung tissues. KEY FINDINGS Trig prophylactically and therapeutically mitigated the inflammatory process via targeting NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. Trig activated the autophagy process which in turn attenuated alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and senescence. Remarkably, Trig attenuated lung SPHK1/S1P axis and its downstream Hippo targets, YAP-1, and TAZ, with a parallel decrease in YAP/TAZ profibrotic genes. Interestingly, Trig upregulated lung miR-375 and miR-27a expression. Consequently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tissues was reversed upon Trig administration. These results were simultaneously associated with profound improvement in lung histological alterations. SIGNIFICANCE The current study verifies Trig's prophylactic and antifibrotic effects against BLM-induced PF via targeting multiple signaling. Trig and Pirf combination may be a promising approach to synergize Pirf antifibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna S Zeyada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Southern BD, Li H, Mao H, Crish JF, Grove LM, Scheraga RG, Mansoor S, Reinhardt A, Abraham S, Deshpande G, Loui A, Ivanov AI, Rosenfeld SS, Bresnick AR, Olman MA. A novel mechanoeffector role of fibroblast S100A4 in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105530. [PMID: 38072048 PMCID: PMC10789633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation mediates numerous fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We have previously demonstrated that non-muscle myosin II (NMII) is activated in response to fibrotic lung extracellular matrix, thereby mediating myofibroblast transdifferentiation. NMII-A is known to interact with the calcium-binding protein S100A4, but the mechanism by which S100A4 regulates fibrotic disorders is unclear. In this study, we show that fibroblast S100A4 is a calcium-dependent, mechanoeffector protein that is uniquely sensitive to pathophysiologic-range lung stiffness (8-25 kPa) and thereby mediates myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Re-expression of endogenous fibroblast S100A4 rescues the myofibroblastic phenotype in S100A4 KO fibroblasts. Analysis of NMII-A/actin dynamics reveals that S100A4 mediates the unraveling and redistribution of peripheral actomyosin to a central location, resulting in a contractile myofibroblast. Furthermore, S100A4 loss protects against murine in vivo pulmonary fibrosis, and S100A4 expression is dysregulated in IPF. Our data reveal a novel mechanosensor/effector role for endogenous fibroblast S100A4 in inducing cytoskeletal redistribution in fibrotic disorders such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Southern
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongxia Mao
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James F Crish
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Grove
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel G Scheraga
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanaa Mansoor
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Reinhardt
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Lerner Research Institute Imaging Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alicia Loui
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven S Rosenfeld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Ali Akbari Ghavimi S, Aronson MR, Ghaderi DD, Friedman RM, Patel N, Giordano T, Borek RC, Devine CM, Han L, Jacobs IN, Gottardi R. Modulated Fibrosis and Mechanosensing of Fibroblasts by SB525334 in Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:287-296. [PMID: 37458368 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subglottic stenosis (SGS) may result from prolonged intubation where fibrotic scar tissue narrows the airway. The scar forms by differentiated myofibroblasts secreting excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). TGF-β1 is widely accepted as a regulator of fibrosis; however, it is unclear how biomechanical pathways co-regulate fibrosis. Therefore, we phenotyped fibroblasts from pediatric patients with SGS to explore how key signaling pathways, TGF-β and Hippo, impact scarring and assess the impact of inhibiting these pathways with potential therapeutic small molecules SB525334 and DRD1 agonist dihydrexidine hydrochloride (DHX). METHODS Laryngeal fibroblasts isolated from subglottic as well as distal control biopsies of patients with evolving and maturing subglottic stenosis were assessed by α-smooth muscle actin immunostaining and gene expression for α-SMA, FN, HGF, and CTGF markers. TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathways were modulated during TGF-β1-induced fibrosis using the inhibitor SB525334 or DHX and analyzed by RT-qPCR for differential gene expression and atomic force microscopy for ECM stiffness. RESULTS SGS fibroblasts exhibited higher α-SMA staining and greater inflammatory cytokine and fibrotic marker expression upon TGF-β1 stimulation (p < 0.05). SB525334 restored levels to baseline by reducing SMAD2/3 nuclear translocation (p < 0.0001) and pro-fibrotic gene expression (p < 0.05). ECM stiffness of stenotic fibroblasts was greater than healthy fibroblasts and was restored to baseline by Hippo pathway modulation using SB525334 and DHX (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that distinct fibroblast phenotypes from diseased and healthy regions of pediatric SGS patients respond differently to TGF-β1 stimulation, and SB525334 has the superior potential for subglottic stenosis treatment by simultaneously modulating TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:287-296, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Ali Akbari Ghavimi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Aronson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel D Ghaderi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan M Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terri Giordano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan C Borek
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Conor M Devine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian N Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
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Bonnevie ED, Scanzello CR, Mauck RL. Modulating mechanobiology as a therapeutic target for synovial fibrosis to restore joint lubrication. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:41-51. [PMID: 37866546 PMCID: PMC10880438 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroses are disorders linked to persistence of myofibroblasts due to biochemical (e.g., Transforming growth factor-β) and biophysical cues (e.g., a stiff microenvironment). In the context of osteoarthritis, fibrotic changes in the joint-lining synovium have been linked with disease progression. The objective of this study was to probe synovial fibroblast mechanobiology and how essential functions (i.e., lubrication) are altered in fibrotic environments. DESIGN Both ex vivo and in vitro synovium models were assessed for fibrotic and lubrication biomarkers to better understand the role of mechanobiology and lubrication. Additionally, in vitro, work on small molecules targeting mechanobiology was assessed. RESULTS Our results indicated that modulating mechanobiology could rescue the fibrotic phenotype instigated by stiffening microenvironment that resulted in altered lubricant expression. A small molecule therapeutic, fasudil, blocked ROCK-mediated contractility and this inhibition of the fibrotic mechano-response of synovial fibroblasts restored proper lubrication function, providing insight into mechanisms of disease progression as well as a new avenue for therapeutic development. CONCLUSION This study identifies synovial fibrosis as a condition that potentially has joint-wide deficits through inhibiting lubrication. Additionally, modulating mechanobiology (i.e., ROCK-mediated contractility) may pose a potential target for small molecule therapies that can be delivered to the joint space. CLASSIFICATION Applied Biological Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, CMC VA Medical Center, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, CMC VA Medical Center, United States; Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, CMC VA Medical Center, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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38
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Migulina N, de Hilster RHJ, Bartel S, Vedder RHJ, van den Berge M, Nagelkerke A, Timens W, Harmsen MC, Hylkema MN, Brandsma CA, Burgess JK. 3-D culture of human lung fibroblasts decreases proliferative and increases extracellular matrix remodeling genes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C177-C193. [PMID: 37955339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for ECM maintenance and repair, a process often disrupted in chronic lung diseases. The accompanying mechanical changes adversely affect resident cells and overall lung function. Numerous models have been used to elucidate fibroblast behavior that are now evolving toward complex three-dimensional (3-D) models incorporating ECM, aiming to replicate the cells' native environment. Little is known about the cellular changes that occur when moving from two-dimensional (2-D) to 3-D cell culture. This study compared the gene expression profiles of primary human lung fibroblasts from seven subjects with normal lung function, that were cultured for 24 h on 2-D collagen I-coated tissue culture plastic and in 3-D collagen I hydrogels, which are commonly used to mimic ECM in various models, from contraction assays to intricate organ-on-a-chip models. Comparing 3-D with 2-D cell culture, 6,771 differentially expressed genes (2,896 up, 3,875 down) were found; enriched gene sets within the downregulated genes, identified through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, were involved in the initiation of DNA replication which implied downregulation of fibroblast proliferation in 3-D. Observation of cells for 72 h in 2-D and 3-D environments confirmed the reduced progression through the cell cycle in 3-D. A focused analysis, examining the Hippo pathway and ECM-associated genes, showed differential patterns of gene expression in the 3-D versus 2-D culture. Altogether, the transcriptional response of fibroblasts cultured in 3-D indicated inhibition of proliferation, and alterations in Hippo and ECM pathways indicating a complete switch from proliferation to ECM remodeling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY With the introduction of complex three-dimensional (3-D) lung models, comes a need for understanding cellular behavior in these models. We compared gene expression profiles of human lung fibroblasts grown on two-dimensional (2-D) collagen I-coated surfaces with those in 3-D collagen I hydrogels. RNA sequencing and subsequent pathway analyses showed decreased proliferation, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and altered Hippo signaling and ECM deposition-related gene signatures. These findings highlight unique responses of fibroblasts in 3-D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Migulina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick H J de Hilster
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bartel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf H J Vedder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Xu M, Hu B, Chen J, Wang J, Li X. Mechanisms of fibrosis in iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis: New discoveries and novel targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115995. [PMID: 38118348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is a pathological condition characterized by the narrowing of the laryngeal and tracheal structures due to the formation of abnormal scar tissue. The core of iLTS lies in the fibrosis of the laryngotracheal tissue, and recent research has unveiled novel discoveries regarding the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of fibrosis in iLTS. It encompasses various aspects, such as immune system dysregulation, changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), metabolic alterations, and the role of microbial flora. The review also explores the interplay and relationships between these new mechanisms, establishing a theoretical foundation for the development of multi-target therapies and combination therapies for iLTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrou Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Second Military Medical University of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Garbacki N, Willems J, Neutelings T, Lambert C, Deroanne C, Adrian A, Franz M, Maurer M, De Gieter P, Nusgens B, Colige A. Microgravity triggers ferroptosis and accelerates senescence in the MG-63 cell model of osteoblastic cells. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 38104197 PMCID: PMC10725437 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In space, cells sustain strong modifications of their mechanical environment. Mechanosensitive molecules at the cell membrane regulate mechanotransduction pathways that induce adaptive responses through the regulation of gene expression, post-translational modifications, protein interactions or intracellular trafficking, among others. In the current study, human osteoblastic cells were cultured on the ISS in microgravity and at 1 g in a centrifuge, as onboard controls. RNAseq analyses showed that microgravity inhibits cell proliferation and DNA repair, stimulates inflammatory pathways and induces ferroptosis and senescence, two pathways related to ageing. Morphological hallmarks of senescence, such as reduced nuclear size and changes in chromatin architecture, proliferation marker distribution, tubulin acetylation and lysosomal transport were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy, reinforcing the hypothesis of induction of cell senescence in microgravity during space flight. These processes could be attributed, at least in part, to the regulation of YAP1 and its downstream effectors NUPR1 and CKAP2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Garbacki
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Willems
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Neutelings
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Lambert
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroanne
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Astrid Adrian
- Airbus Defence and Space, GmbH, 88090, Immenstaad, Germany
| | - Markus Franz
- Airbus Defence and Space, GmbH, 88090, Immenstaad, Germany
| | - Matthias Maurer
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Astronaut Centre (EAC), 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Betty Nusgens
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Taiyab A, Belahlou Y, Wong V, Pandi S, Shekhar M, Chidambaranathan GP, West-Mays J. Understanding the Role of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Signaling in the Transformation of Lens Epithelial Cells (EMT) and Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1767. [PMID: 38136638 PMCID: PMC10741558 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic cataracts, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), and anterior subcapsular cataracts (ASC) are mainly attributed to the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Previous investigations from our laboratory have shown the novel role of non-canonical TGFβ signaling in the progression of EMT in LECs. In this study, we have identified YAP as a critical signaling molecule involved in lens fibrosis. The observed increase in nuclear YAP in capsules of human ASC patients points toward the involvement of YAP in lens fibrosis. In addition, the immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on ocular sections from mice that overexpress TGFβ in the lens (TGFβtg) showed a co-expression of YAP and α-SMA in the fibrotic plaques when compared to wild-type littermate lenses, which do not. The incubation of rat lens explants with verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, prevented a TGFβ-induced fiber-like phenotype, α-SMA, and fibronectin expression, as well as delocalization of E-cadherin and β-catenin. Finally, LECs co-incubated with TGFβ and YAP inhibitor did not exhibit an induction in matrix metalloproteinase 2 compared to those LECs treated with TGFβ alone. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that YAP is required for TGFβ-mediated lens EMT and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Taiyab
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Yasmine Belahlou
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Vanessa Wong
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Saranya Pandi
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.P.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Madhu Shekhar
- Cataract and IOL Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Gowri Priya Chidambaranathan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.P.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Judith West-Mays
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
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42
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Wang Y. Erdr1 orchestrates macrophage polarization and determines cell fate via dynamic interplay with YAP1 and Mid1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.17.557960. [PMID: 37781614 PMCID: PMC10541097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.17.557960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is a stress-induced, widely distributed, extremely conserved secreted factor found in both humans and mice. Erdr1 is highly linked with the Hippo-YAP1 signaling. Initially identified as an inducer of hemoglobin synthesis, it has emerged as a multifunctional protein, especially in immune cells. Although Erdr1 has been implicated in T cells and NK cell function, its role in macrophage remains unclear. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of Erdr1 in IL-1β production in macrophages. Data manifest Erdr1 could play an inhibition role in IL-1β production, which also has been reported by previous research. What significance is we discovered Erdr1 can promote IL-1β production which is associated with Erdr1 dose and cell density. We observed that Erdr1 was inhibited in pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages but was upregulated in anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages compared to naive macrophages. We hypothesized that Erdr1 dual drives and modulates IL-1β production by binding with distinct adaptors via concentration change. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Erdr1 dual regulates IL-1β production by dynamic interaction with YAP1 and Mid1 by distinct domains. Erdr1-YAP1 interplay mediates macrophage M2 polarization by promoting an anti-inflammatory response, enhancing catabolic metabolism, and leading to sterile cell death. Whereas, Erdr1-Mid1 interplay mediates macrophage M1 polarization by initiating a pro-inflammatory response, facilitating anabolic metabolism, and causing inflammatory cell death. This study highlights Erdr1 orchestrates macrophage polarization and determines cell date by regulating YAP1 through non-classical Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (Current)
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43
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Liu Y, An Y, Li G, Wang S. Regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization based on Hippo pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279591. [PMID: 38090595 PMCID: PMC10715437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found to infiltrate and migrate in a large number of Tumor-associated macrophages (TMEs) and other macrophages in the microenvironment of tumors and related diseases, and undergo phenotypic changes in response to a variety of cytokines, mainly including the primary phenotype M2 and the anti-tumor phenotype M1. The Hippo signaling pathway affects the development of cancer and other diseases through various biological processes, such as inhibition of cell growth. In this review, we focus on immune cells within the microenvironment of tumors and other diseases, and the role of the Hippo pathway in tumors on macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Liu
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yina An
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gebin Li
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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44
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Zhao Y, Sheldon M, Sun Y, Ma L. New Insights into YAP/TAZ-TEAD-Mediated Gene Regulation and Biological Processes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5497. [PMID: 38067201 PMCID: PMC10705714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is conserved across species. Key mammalian Hippo pathway kinases, including MST1/2 and LATS1/2, inhibit cellular growth by inactivating the TEAD coactivators, YAP, and TAZ. Extensive research has illuminated the roles of Hippo signaling in cancer, development, and regeneration. Notably, dysregulation of Hippo pathway components not only contributes to tumor growth and metastasis, but also renders tumors resistant to therapies. This review delves into recent research on YAP/TAZ-TEAD-mediated gene regulation and biological processes in cancer. We focus on several key areas: newly identified molecular patterns of YAP/TAZ activation, emerging mechanisms that contribute to metastasis and cancer therapy resistance, unexpected roles in tumor suppression, and advances in therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. Moreover, we provide an updated view of YAP/TAZ's biological functions, discuss ongoing controversies, and offer perspectives on specific debated topics in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Marisela Sheldon
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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45
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Dudaryeva OY, Bernhard S, Tibbitt MW, Labouesse C. Implications of Cellular Mechanical Memory in Bioengineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5985-5998. [PMID: 37797187 PMCID: PMC10646820 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to maintain and differentiate cells in vitro is critical to many advances in the field of bioengineering. However, on traditional, stiff (E ≈ GPa) culture substrates, cells are subjected to sustained mechanical stress that can lead to phenotypic changes. Such changes may remain even after transferring the cells to another scaffold or engrafting them in vivo and bias the outcomes of the biological investigation or clinical treatment. This persistence─or mechanical memory─was initially observed for sustained myofibroblast activation of pulmonary fibroblasts after culturing them on stiff (E ≈ 100 kPa) substrates. Aspects of mechanical memory have now been described in many in vitro contexts. In this Review, we discuss the stiffness-induced effectors of mechanical memory: structural changes in the cytoskeleton and activity of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. We then focus on how mechanical memory impacts cell expansion and tissue regeneration outcomes in bioengineering applications relying on prolonged 2D plastic culture, such as stem cell therapies and disease models. We propose that alternatives to traditional cell culture substrates can be used to mitigate or erase mechanical memory and improve the efficiency of downstream cell-based bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Y Dudaryeva
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Bernhard
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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46
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Liu H, Sun M, Wu N, Liu B, Liu Q, Fan X. TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF: Their mechanisms and roles in vascular remodeling related diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1060. [PMID: 38018603 PMCID: PMC10629241 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a basic pathological process in various diseases characterized by abnormal changes in the morphology, structure, and function of vascular cells, such as migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. Various growth factors and pathways are involved in the process of vascular remodeling. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which is mainly mediated by TGF-β1, is an important factor in vascular wall enhancement during vascular development and regulates the vascular response to injury by promoting the accumulation of intimal tissue. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important effect on initiating the formation of blood vessels. The Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway also plays an important role in angiogenesis. In addition, studies have shown that there is a certain interaction between the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF. Many studies have shown that in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysm, vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, pulmonary hypertension, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and other diseases, various inflammatory reactions lead to changes in vascular structure and vascular microenvironment, which leads to vascular remodeling. The occurrence of vascular remodeling changes the morphology of blood vessels and thus changes the hemodynamics, which is the cause of further development of the disease process. Vascular remodeling can cause vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction and vascular homeostasis regulation. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular remodeling and related diseases. This paper is expected to provide new ideas for research on the occurrence and development of related diseases and provide a new direction for research on the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric DisordersBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Qingxin Liu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
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Robinson TP, Hamidi T, Counts B, Guttridge DC, Ostrowski MC, Zimmers TA, Koniaris LG. The impact of inflammation and acute phase activation in cancer cachexia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207746. [PMID: 38022578 PMCID: PMC10644737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cachexia in the setting of cancer or other chronic diseases is a significant detriment for patients. Cachexia is associated with a decreased ability to tolerate therapies, reduction in ambulation, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Cachexia appears intricately linked to the activation of the acute phase response and is a drain on metabolic resources. Work has begun to focus on the important inflammatory factors associated with the acute phase response and their role in the immune activation of cachexia. Furthermore, data supporting the liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and tumor as all playing a role in activation of the acute phase are emerging. Although the acute phase is increasingly being recognized as being involved in cachexia, work in understanding underlying mechanisms of cachexia associated with the acute phase response remains an active area of investigation and still lack a holistic understanding and a clear causal link. Studies to date are largely correlative in nature, nonetheless suggesting the possibility for a role for various acute phase reactants. Herein, we examine the current literature regarding the acute phase response proteins, the evidence these proteins play in the promotion and exacerbation of cachexia, and current evidence of a therapeutic potential for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P. Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tewfik Hamidi
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brittany Counts
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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48
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Tajaldini M, Poorkhani A, Amiriani T, Amiriani A, Javid H, Aref P, Ahmadi F, Sadani S, Khori V. Strategy of targeting the tumor microenvironment via inhibition of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling new era to cancer chemo-immunotherapy resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175991. [PMID: 37619785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of repurposing drugs that may have neoplastic and anticancer effects increases the efficiency and decrease resistance to chemotherapy drugs through a biochemical and mechanical transduction mechanisms through modulation of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling in tumor microenvironment (TME). Interestingly, fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling plays a vital role in mediating cancer metastasis and drug resistance after immune chemotherapy. The most essential hypothesis for induction of chemo-immunotherapy resistance is via activation of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling and preventing the infiltration of T cells after is mainly due to the interference between cytoskeleton, mechanical, biochemical, metabolic, vascular, and remodeling signaling pathways in TME. The structural components of the tumor that can be targeted in the fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling include the depletion of the TME components, targeting the cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor associated macrophages, alleviating the mechanical stress within the ECM, and normalizing the blood vessels. It has also been found that during immune-chemotherapy, TME injury and fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling causes the up-regulation of inhibitory signals and down-regulation of activated signals, which results in immune escape or chemo-resistance of the tumor. In this regard, repurposing or neo-adjuvant drugs with various transduction signaling mechanisms, including anti-fibrotic effects, are used to target the TME and fibroblast/fibrosis signaling pathway such as angiotensin 2, transforming growth factor-beta, physical barriers of the TME, cytokines and metabolic factors which finally led to the reverse of the chemo-resistance. Consistent to many repurposing drugs such as pirfenidone, metformin, losartan, tranilast, dexamethasone and pentoxifylline are used to decrease immune-suppression by abrogation of TME inhibitory signal that stimulates the immune system and increases efficiency and reduces resistance to chemotherapy drugs. To overcome immunosuppression based on fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling, in this review, we focus on inhibitory signal transduction, which is the physical barrier, alleviates mechanical stress and prevents mechano-metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Poorkhani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciencess, Catastega Institue of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parham Aref
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farahnazsadat Ahmadi
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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49
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Kofler M, Kapus A. Nuclear Import and Export of YAP and TAZ. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4956. [PMID: 37894323 PMCID: PMC10605228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and its paralog Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are major regulators of gene transcription/expression, primarily controlled by the Hippo pathway and the cytoskeleton. Integrating an array of chemical and mechanical signals, they impact growth, differentiation, and regeneration. Accordingly, they also play key roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation. Their activity is primarily regulated by their localization, that is, Hippo pathway- and/or cytoskeleton-controlled cytosolic or nuclear sequestration. While many details of such prevailing retention models have been elucidated, much less is known about their actual nuclear traffic: import and export. Although their size is not far from the cutoff for passive diffusion through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), and they do not contain any classic nuclear localization (NLS) or nuclear export signal (NES), evidence has been accumulating that their shuttling involves mediated and thus regulatable/targetable processes. The aim of this review is to summarize emerging information/concepts about their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, encompassing the relevant structural requirements (NLS, NES), nuclear transport receptors (NTRs, karyophererins), and NPC components, along with the potential transport mechanisms and their regulation. While dissecting retention vs. transport is often challenging, the emerging picture suggests that YAP/TAZ shuttles across the NPC via multiple, non-exclusive, mediated mechanisms, constituting a novel and intriguing facet of YAP/TAZ biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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50
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Phogat S, Thiam F, Al Yazeedi S, Abokor FA, Osei ET. 3D in vitro hydrogel models to study the human lung extracellular matrix and fibroblast function. Respir Res 2023; 24:242. [PMID: 37798767 PMCID: PMC10552248 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) is a macromolecular structure that provides mechanical support, stability and elastic recoil for different pulmonary cells including the lung fibroblasts. The ECM plays an important role in lung development, remodeling, repair, and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Biomechanical and biochemical signals produced by the ECM regulate the phenotype and function of various cells including fibroblasts in the lungs. Fibroblasts are important lung structural cells responsible for the production and repair of different ECM proteins (e.g., collagen and fibronectin). During lung injury and in chronic lung diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an abnormal feedback between fibroblasts and the altered ECM disrupts tissue homeostasis and leads to a vicious cycle of fibrotic changes resulting in tissue remodeling. In line with this, using 3D hydrogel culture models with embedded lung fibroblasts have enabled the assessment of the various mechanisms involved in driving defective (fibrotic) fibroblast function in the lung's 3D ECM environment. In this review, we provide a summary of various studies that used these 3D hydrogel models to assess the regulation of the ECM on lung fibroblast phenotype and function in altered lung ECM homeostasis in health and in chronic respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Phogat
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Fama Thiam
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Safiya Al Yazeedi
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Filsan Ahmed Abokor
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Twumasi Osei
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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