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Wu X, Zhang D, Qiao X, Zhang L, Cai X, Ji J, Ma JA, Zhao Y, Belperio JA, Boström KI, Yao Y. Regulating the cell shift of endothelial cell-like myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201799. [PMID: 36758986 PMCID: PMC10249020 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01799-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a common and severe fibrotic lung disease with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have reported a large number of unwanted myofibroblasts appearing in pulmonary fibrosis, and shown that the sustained activation of myofibroblasts is essential for unremitting interstitial fibrogenesis. However, the origin of these myofibroblasts remains poorly understood. Here, we create new mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis and identify a previously unknown population of endothelial cell (EC)-like myofibroblasts in normal lung tissue. We show that these EC-like myofibroblasts significantly contribute myofibroblasts to pulmonary fibrosis, which is confirmed by single-cell RNA sequencing of human pulmonary fibrosis. Using the transcriptional profiles, we identified a small molecule that redirects the differentiation of EC-like myofibroblasts and reduces pulmonary fibrosis in our mouse models. Our study reveals the mechanistic underpinnings of the differentiation of EC-like myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis and may provide new strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Kanvinde S, Deodhar S, Kulkarni TA, Jogdeo CM. Nanotherapeutic Approaches to Treat COVID-19-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020034. [PMID: 37218751 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant collaborative efforts over the past three years to develop therapies against COVID-19. During this journey, there has also been a lot of focus on understanding at-risk groups of patients who either have pre-existing conditions or have developed concomitant health conditions due to the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system. There was a high incidence of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) observed in patients. PF can cause significant morbidity and long-term disability and lead to death in the long run. Additionally, being a progressive disease, PF can also impact the patient for a long time after COVID infection and affect the overall quality of life. Although current therapies are being used as the mainstay for treating PF, there is no therapy specifically for COVID-induced PF. As observed in the treatment of other diseases, nanomedicine can show significant promise in overcoming the limitations of current anti-PF therapies. In this review, we summarize the efforts reported by various groups to develop nanomedicine therapeutics to treat COVID-induced PF. These therapies can potentially offer benefits in terms of targeted drug delivery to lungs, reduced toxicity, and ease of administration. Some of the nanotherapeutic approaches may provide benefits in terms of reduced immunogenicity owing to the tailored biological composition of the carrier as per the patient needs. In this review, we discuss cellular membrane-based nanodecoys, extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, and other nanoparticle-based approaches for potential treatment of COVID-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kanvinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tanmay A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chinmay M Jogdeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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3
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Feng T, Duan R, Zheng P, Qiu J, Li Q, Li W. Oxymatrine inhibits TGF‑β1‑mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in alveolar epithelial cells via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:198. [PMID: 37090069 PMCID: PMC10119625 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pulmonary fibrosis (PF) causes respiratory failure and death, effective therapies for PF have not been developed. Oxymatrine (OMT), an active ingredient in the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens, exerts antifibrotic effects; however, its effect on PF remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether OMT decreases transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced PF in human lung cancer A549 cells by inhibiting apoptosis and targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. To construct a PF cell model, A549 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1. The experimental groups were as follows: control (untreated cells grown in complete medium), TGF-β1 (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1), OMT (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/ml OMT), and OMT + LY294002 (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1, 1.0 mg/ml OMT. and 25 µmol/l LY294002). The effects of OMT on cell morphology (via electron microscopy), apoptosis (via Annexin V-PI staining), mitochondrial apoptosis signaling [using JC-1 method to analyze mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)], and Bcl-2, as well as Bax expression (via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), were analyzed. OMT significantly protected cells against TGF-β1-induced PF by inhibiting apoptosis. The specific manifestations were cell injury, as evidenced by morphological changes and decreased MMP. Following OMT treatment, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. The PI3K/AKT-specific inhibitor LY294002 significantly inhibited the ameliorative effects of OMT on TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. Collectively, OMT attenuated TGF-β1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, OMT may be a promising drug for PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wancheng Li, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Avenue, Xindu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, P.R. China
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Paul D, Miller MH, Born J, Samaddar S, Ni H, Avila H, Krishnamurthy VR, Thirunavukkarasu K. The Promising Therapeutic Potential of Oligonucleotides for Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:193-206. [PMID: 36562410 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrotic lung diseases represent a large subset of diseases with an unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapies (ONT) are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary disease as they can inhibit pathways that are otherwise difficult to target. Additionally, targeting the lung specifically with ONT is advantageous because it reduces the possibilities of systemic side effects and tolerability concerns. AREAS COVERED This review presents the chemical basis of designing various ONTs currently known to treat fibrotic lung diseases. Further, the authors have also discussed the delivery vehicle, routes of administration, physiological barriers of the lung, and toxicity concerns with ONTs. EXPERT OPINION ONTs provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases of the lung, particularly because ONTs directly delivered to the lung show little systemic side effects compared to current therapeutic strategies. Dry powder aerosolized inhalers may be a good strategy for getting ONTs into the lung in humans. However, as of now, no dry powder ONTs have been approved for use in the clinical setting, and this challenge must be overcome for future therapies. Various delivery methods that can aid in direct targeting may also improve the use of ONTs for lung fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josh Born
- Genetic Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company
| | - Shayak Samaddar
- Bioproduct Drug Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, US
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Pantzke J, Offer S, Zimmermann EJ, Kuhn E, Streibel T, Oeder S, Di Bucchianico S, Zimmermann R. An alternative in vitro model considering cell-cell interactions in fiber-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2156008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J. Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Quan Y, Yin Z, Chen S, Lang J, Han L, Yi J, Zhang L, Yue Q, Tian W, Chen P, Du S, Wang J, Dai Y, Hua H, Zeng J, Li L, Zhao J. The gut-lung axis: Gut microbiota changes associated with pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models induced by bleomycin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:985223. [PMID: 36249808 PMCID: PMC9561135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.985223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota (GM) of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mice induced by bleomycin (BLM) with its underlying mechanisms. BLM was docked with the targets of TGF-β/SMAD and caspase-3 pathways using the molecular docking technique. HE staining and Masson staining were applied to observe the histopathological changes in the pulmonary tissues. Detection of the apoptotic signals was conducted by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression of targets involved in the TGF-β/SMAD and caspase-3 signaling pathways in lungs was determined by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX proteins in mice lung tissues. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis was used to investigate the changes of GM in the fecal samples of mice in each group. The results showed that the apoptosis rate of pulmonary cells in the BLM group distinctly increased, with the expression levels of crucial target pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3, BAX with the corresponding protein, cleaved caspase-3, BAX were apparently elevated. This was accompanied by a significant increase in pro-fibrotic targets level such as TGF-β, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III. The mechanisms of PF induced by BLM were related to apoptosis of lung tissue cells such as alveolar epithelial cells and destroyed alveolar structure and excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM), which may be bound up with activating TGF-β/SMAD and caspase-3 pathways. As for the GM, it was found that, after BLM induced PF in mice, the micro ecological balance of the GM was destroyed; the distance of PCo1 and Pco2 was significantly elongated, and the relative abundance of some intestinal probiotics like Catenibacterium and Lactobacillus (L. johnsonii and L. gasseri) dramatically lowered while the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiales and Enterobacteriales substantially increased. Therefore, GM changes associated with PF in mouse models induced by BLM and the concept of “gut-lung axis” might provide an optional therapeutic strategy for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Quan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhujun Yin
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jirui Lang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyang Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhua Yue
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenglin Du
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Hua
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Junning Zhao,
| | - Junning Zhao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Junning Zhao,
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Wang JY, Young LR. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis from Genetic Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:20-35. [PMID: 35294321 PMCID: PMC9273221 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0557tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options owing to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanisms driving the fibrotic cascade have been elucidated through studies of rare and common variants in surfactant-related and telomere-related genes in familial and sporadic forms of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in multisystem Mendelian genetic disorders that present with pulmonary fibrosis. In this translational review, we outline insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis derived from genetic forms of the disease, with a focus on model systems, shared cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Chavez-Galan L, Becerril C, Ruiz A, Ramon-Luing LA, Cisneros J, Montaño M, Salgado A, Ramos C, Buendía-Roldán I, Pardo A, Selman M. Fibroblasts From Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Induce Apoptosis and Reduce the Migration Capacity of T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820347. [PMID: 35222396 PMCID: PMC8866565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease of unknown etiology. Myofibroblasts are organized in peculiar subepithelial fibroblasts foci (FF), where they abnormally persist and exclude lymphocytes by unclear mechanisms. FF are the source of an excessive extracellular matrix, which results in progressive stiffening and destruction of the lung architecture. We hypothesized that the absence of T cells inside the FF could be related, at least partially, to an inefficient function of lymphocytes induced by IPF fibroblasts. Here, we evaluated the effect of a supernatant from IPF fibroblasts on T-cell apoptosis and migration capacity. Data showed that IPF fibroblasts secrete pro-apoptotic molecules (both from extrinsic and intrinsic pathways), generating a microenvironment that induces apoptosis of T cells at 3 h of culture, despite a weak anti-apoptotic profile exhibited by these T cells. At 24 h of culture, the supernatants from both IPF and control fibroblasts provoked T-cell death. However, at this time of culture, IPF fibroblasts caused a marked decrease in T-cell migration; in contrast, control lung fibroblasts induced an increase of T-cell migration. The reduction of T-cell migratory capacity provoked by IPF fibroblasts was associated with a negative regulation of RHOA and ROCK, two essential GTPases for migration, and was independent of the expression of chemokine receptors. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts/myofibroblasts induce apoptosis and affect T-cell migration, revealing a mechanism involved in the virtual absence of T lymphocytes inside the FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andy Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero A Ramon-Luing
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Cisneros
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Montaño
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Gu X, Long Q, Wei W, Tong J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Jiao Y. Number 2 Feibi Recipe Inhibits H 2O 2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage of Alveolar Epithelial Cells by Regulating the Balance of Mitophagy/Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830554. [PMID: 35370684 PMCID: PMC8968876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and apoptosis are considered to be the initiating link of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and protecting AECs can alleviate IPF. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of number 2 Feibi recipe (FBR-2) medicated serum on H2O2-mediated oxidative stress injury in AECs and further explore its mechanism. We found that FBR-2 can regulate downstream antioxidant enzymes expression by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reducing the level of intracellular ROS, protecting mitochondrial function and improving cell survival. FBR-2 can also activate mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Moreover, FBR-2 can inhibit apoptosis by blocking the mitochondrial apoptosis mechanism. In summary, these data indicate that FBR-2 medicated serum can inhibit H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage in AECs by regulating the balance of mitophagy/apoptosis. This study provides new evidence for the antifibrotic effect of FBR-2 and provides new drug candidates for the clinical treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahuan Tong
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengju Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Yin J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liao Y, Luo W, Wang S, Ding J, Huang J, Chen M, Wang W, Fang S, Chao J. A missing piece of the puzzle in pulmonary fibrosis: anoikis resistance promotes fibroblast activation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:21. [PMID: 35216634 PMCID: PMC8881884 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis initiates a pneumonic cascade that leads to fibroblast dysfunction characterized by excess proliferation. Anoikis is a physiological process that ensures tissue development and homeostasis. Researchers have not clearly determined whether disruption of anoikis is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Results Here, we investigated the mechanism by which silica induces fibroblast activation via anoikis resistance and subsequent fibrosis. Anoikis of lung fibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells during the process of fibrosis was detected using CCK-8, western blot, cell count and flow cytometry (FCM) assays. Although the three cell types showed similar increases in proliferation, the expression of NTRK2, a marker of anoikis resistance, was upregulated specifically in fibroblasts, indicating the unique proliferation mechanism of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis, which may be related to anoikis resistance. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of anoikis resistance; the SiO2-induced inflammatory response activated the MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway in lung fibroblasts and then induced the expression of the ZC3H4 protein, which specifically mediated anoikis resistance, followed by pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions The current study revealed a specific pattern of fibroblast proliferation, and strategies targeting anoikis resistance may inhibit the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis. This result provides a new approach for treating pulmonary fibrosis and new insights into the potential application of ZC3H4 in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shencun Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shanxi, China.
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11
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Romero Y, Aquino-Gálvez A. Hypoxia in Cancer and Fibrosis: Part of the Problem and Part of the Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8335. [PMID: 34361103 PMCID: PMC8348404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive responses to hypoxia are involved in the progression of lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. However, it has not been pointed out that hypoxia may be the link between these diseases. As tumors or scars expand, a lack of oxygen results in the activation of the hypoxia response, promoting cell survival even during chronic conditions. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) as master regulators of this adaptation is crucial in both lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which have shown the active transcriptional signature of this pathway. Emerging evidence suggests that interconnected feedback loops such as metabolic changes, fibroblast differentiation or extracellular matrix remodeling contribute to HIF overactivation, making it an irreversible phenomenon. This review will focus on the role of HIF signaling and its possible overlapping in order to identify new opportunities in therapy and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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12
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Linking Fibrotic Remodeling and Ultrastructural Alterations of Alveolar Epithelial Cells after Deletion of Nedd4-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147607. [PMID: 34299227 PMCID: PMC8306112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that in adult mice, conditional Nedd4-2-deficiency in club and alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells results in impaired mucociliary clearance, accumulation of Muc5b and progressive, terminal pulmonary fibrosis within 16 weeks. In the present study, we investigated ultrastructural alterations of the alveolar epithelium in relation to interstitial remodeling in alveolar septa as a function of disease progression. Two, eight and twelve weeks after induction of Nedd4-2 knockout, lungs were fixed and subjected to design-based stereological investigation at the light and electron microscopic level. Quantitative data did not show any abnormalities until 8 weeks compared to controls. At 12 weeks, however, volume of septal wall tissue increased while volume of acinar airspace and alveolar surface area significantly decreased. Volume and surface area of alveolar epithelial type I cells were reduced, which could not be compensated by a corresponding increase of AE2 cells. The volume of collagen fibrils in septal walls increased and was linked with an increase in blood–gas barrier thickness. A high correlation between parameters reflecting interstitial remodeling and abnormal AE2 cell ultrastructure could be established. Taken together, abnormal regeneration of the alveolar epithelium is correlated with interstitial septal wall remodeling.
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13
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Huang KY, Petretto E. Cross-species integration of single-cell RNA-seq resolved alveolar-epithelial transitional states in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L491-L506. [PMID: 34132117 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00594.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics analyses of the fibrotic lung uncovered two cell states critical to lung injury recovery in the alveolar epithelium-a reparative transitional cell state in the mouse and a disease-specific cell state (KRT5-/KRT17+) in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The murine transitional cell state lies between the differentiation from type 2 (AT2) to type 1 pneumocyte (AT1), and the human KRT5-/KRT17+ cell state may arise from the dysregulation of this differentiation process. We review major findings of single-cell transcriptomics analyses of the fibrotic lung and reanalyzed data from seven single-cell RNA sequencing studies of human and murine models of IPF, focusing on the alveolar epithelium. Our comparative and cross-species single-cell transcriptomics analyses allowed us to further delineate the differentiation trajectories from AT2 to AT1 and AT2 to the KRT5-/KRT17+ cell state. We observed AT1 cells in human IPF retain the transcriptional signature of the murine transitional cell state. Using pseudotime analysis, we recapitulated the differentiation trajectories from AT2 to AT1 and from AT2 to KRT5-/KRT17+ cell state in multiple human IPF studies. We further delineated transcriptional programs underlying cell-state transitions and determined the molecular phenotypes at terminal differentiation. We hypothesize that in addition to the reactivation of developmental programs (SOX4, SOX9), senescence (TP63, SOX4) and the Notch pathway (HES1) are predicted to steer intermediate progenitors to the KRT5-/KRT17+ cell state. Our analyses suggest that activation of SMAD3 later in the differentiation process may explain the fibrotic molecular phenotype typical of KRT5-/KRT17+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Huang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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14
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John AE, Joseph C, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: A potential role for lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:228-240. [PMID: 34028807 PMCID: PMC8237078 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread around the world following the first reports in Wuhan City, China in late 2019. The disease, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is primarily a respiratory condition that can affect numerous other bodily systems including the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The disease ranges in severity from asymptomatic through to severe acute respiratory distress requiring intensive care treatment and mechanical ventilation, which can lead to respiratory failure and death. It has rapidly become evident that COVID-19 patients can develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, which in many cases persist for as long as we have thus far been able to follow the patients. Many questions remain about how such fibrotic changes occur within the lung of COVID-19 patients, whether the changes will persist long term or are capable of resolving, and whether post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis has the potential to become progressive, as in other fibrotic lung diseases. This review brings together our existing knowledge on both COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, with a particular focus on lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, in order to discuss common pathways and processes that may be implicated as we try to answer these important questions in the months and years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E John
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Jiang L, Fang J, Li K, Xu X, Qiao J. Lung tissue inflammatory response and pneumonocyte apoptosis of Sprague-Dawley rats after a 30-day exposure in methyl mercaptan vapor. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:540-552. [PMID: 33295838 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1860156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the research was to reveal the potential toxicity effects of methyl mercaptan on rat lung tissue. A dynamic exposure device and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were adopted. The exposure concentration of methyl mercaptan was 0.5 ± 0.1 ppm. The exposure procedure was 6 h/day, continuing for 30 days. The routine blood levels, oxidative stress levels in serum, immune molecule and cytokine in the serum and lung tissue were tested. Morphology injury of lung tissue was detected by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Apoptosis rate of alveolar epithelial cells were determined by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Reduction of body weight gain was observed in the male group during the exposure time, while there was no significant reduction of body weight gain in the female group. Pathological findings of terminal bronchiole constriction, alveolar congestion, and erythrocyte exudation confirmed the lung to be the main target organ. An apparent pneumonocyte apoptotic effection was also observed. Oxidative stress with lipid peroxidation, which affect blood antioxidant enzyme levels and induce apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, are recognized as a potential mechanism leading to terminal bronchiole constriction, alveoli congestion, and exudates of erythrocyte.Implications: The odor pollutants greatly affect the health of operation workers in the waste treatment plant, and odor complaints are becoming a major problem. The aim of this work is to identify the lung tissue inflammatory response of SD rats with chronic exposure to methyl mercaptan vapor at close to the recommended workplace concentration. In this study, we used a dynamic exposure device and chronic exposure model of rats to evaluate the potential toxicity effects of methyl mercaptan. The results showed that methyl mercaptan may cause lung inflammatory response and extensive lung cell apoptosis. Oxidative damage, with lipid peroxidation and alterations in blood antioxidant enzyme levels, was observed following methyl mercaptan exposure. This is recognized as a potential mechanism for terminal bronchiolar constriction, alveolar congestion, and erythrocyte exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Navy Medical Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Navy Medical Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexian Li
- Navy Medical Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Xu
- Navy Medical Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Qiao
- Navy Nuclear Safety and Chemical Defense Research Institute, Naval Research Acadmey, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Roberts MJ, May LT, Keen AC, Liu B, Lam T, Charlton SJ, Rosethorne EM, Halls ML. Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Lung Fibroblasts by Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists is Linked to a Sustained cAMP Signal in the Nucleus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669227. [PMID: 33995100 PMCID: PMC8116805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease, and current treatments are limited by their side effects. Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in the pulmonary interstitial tissue is a hallmark of this disease and is driven by prolonged ERK signalling in the nucleus in response to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Agents that increase cAMP have been suggested as alternative therapies, as this second messenger can inhibit the ERK cascade. We previously examined a panel of eight Gαs-cAMP-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) endogenously expressed in human lung fibroblasts. Although the cAMP response was important for the anti-fibrotic effects of GPCR agonists, the magnitude of the acute cAMP response was not predictive of anti-fibrotic efficacy. Here we examined the reason for this apparent disconnect by stimulating the Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor and measuring downstream signalling at a sub-cellular level. MRE-269 and treprostinil caused sustained cAMP signalling in the nucleus and complete inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, iloprost caused a transient increase in nuclear cAMP, there was no effect of iloprost on PDGF-induced ERK in the nucleus, and this agonist was much less effective at reversing PDGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that sustained elevation of cAMP in the nucleus is necessary for efficient inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. This is an important first step towards understanding of the signalling events that drive GPCR inhibition of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roberts
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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17
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Sun S, Huang C, Leng D, Chen C, Zhang T, Lei KC, Zhang XD. Gene fusion of IL7 involved in the regulation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:1753466621995045. [PMID: 33878985 PMCID: PMC8064517 DOI: 10.1177/1753466621995045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare form of immune-mediated interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis and scarring. The pathogenesis of IPF is still unclear. Gene fusion events exist universally during transcription and show alternated patterns in a variety of lung diseases. Therefore, the comprehension of the function of gene fusion in IPF might shed light on IPF pathogenesis research and facilitate treatment development. Methods: In this study, we included 91 transcriptome datasets from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including 52 IPF patients and 39 healthy controls. We detected fusion events in these datasets and probed gene fusion-associated differential gene expression and functional pathways. To obtain robust results, we corrected the batch bias across different projects. Results: We identified 1550 gene fusion events in all transcriptomes and studied the possible impacts of IL7 = AC083837.1 gene fusion. The two genes locate adjacently in chromosome 8 and share the same promoters. Their fusion is associated with differential expression of 282 genes enriched in six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and 35 functional gene sets. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis shows that IL7 = AC083837.1 gene fusion is associated with the enrichment of 187 gene sets. The co-expression network of interleukin-7 (IL7) indicates that decreased IL7 expression is associated with many pathways that regulate IPF progress. Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that IL7 = AC083837.1 gene fusion might exacerbate fibrosis in IPF via enhancing activities of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, skin cell apoptosis, and vessel angiogenesis, the interaction of which contributes to the development of fibrosis and the deterioration of respiratory function of IPF patients. Our work unveils the possible roles of gene fusion in regulating IPF and demonstrates that gene fusion investigation is a valid approach in probing immunologic mechanisms and searching potential therapeutic targets for treating IPF. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Sun
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chen Huang
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dongliang Leng
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chang Chen
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kuan Cheok Lei
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- CRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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18
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Abed S, Turner R, Serniuck N, Tat V, Naiel S, Hayat A, Mekhael O, Vierhout M, Ask K, Rullo AF. Cell-specific drug targeting in the lung. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114577. [PMID: 33887259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted drug delivery systems have several limitations including the decreased bioavailability of the drug, poor stability and rapid clearance in addition to off-target distribution. Cell-specific targeted delivery approaches promise to overcome some of these limitations and enhance therapeutic selectivity. In this review, we aim to discuss cell-specific targeted approachesin the lung at the biochemical and molecular levels. These approaches include;a) directly administered small molecule drugs with intracellular action; b) targeted biologics and synthetic hybrids with extracellular action; c) site activateddrugs; and d) delivery systems.We discuss the pharmaceutical and biochemical parameters that govern the fate of drug molecules at delivery sites while presenting an overview of relevant literature surrounding this area of research and current advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumeya Abed
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Turner
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nickolas Serniuck
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Tat
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Safaa Naiel
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Hayat
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Mekhael
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Vierhout
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Anthony F Rullo
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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19
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Mungunsukh O, George J, McCart EA, Snow AL, Mattapallil JJ, Mog SR, Panganiban RAM, Bolduc DL, Rittase WB, Bouten RM, Day RM. Captopril reduces lung inflammation and accelerated senescence in response to thoracic radiation in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:236-248. [PMID: 33616187 PMCID: PMC7948861 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung is sensitive to radiation and exhibits several phases of injury, with an initial phase of radiation-induced pneumonitis followed by delayed and irreversible fibrosis. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril has been demonstrated to mitigate radiation lung injury and to improve survival in animal models of thoracic irradiation, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the effect of captopril on early inflammatory events in the lung in female CBA/J mice exposed to thoracic X-ray irradiation of 17-17.9 Gy (0.5-0.745 Gy min-1). For whole-body + thoracic irradiation, mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy (0.6 Gy min-1) total-body 60Co irradiation and 9.5 Gy thoracic irradiation. Captopril was administered orally (110 mg kg-1 day-1) in the drinking water, initiated 4 h through to150 days post-irradiation. Captopril treatment increased survival from thoracic irradiation to 75% at 150 days compared with 0% survival in vehicle-treated animals. Survival was characterized by a significant decrease in radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis. Investigation of early inflammatory events showed that captopril significantly attenuated macrophage accumulation and decreased the synthesis of radiation-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of irradiated mice. Suppression of IL-1β and TNF-α correlated with an increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the spleen with captopril treatment. We also found that captopril decreased markers for radiation-induced accelerated senescence in the lung tissue. Our data suggest that suppression of inflammation and senescence markers, combined with an increase of anti-inflammatory factors, are a part of the mechanism for captopril-induced survival in thoracic irradiated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognoon Mungunsukh
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jeffy George
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McCart
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Joseph J Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Steven R Mog
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ronald Allan M Panganiban
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David L Bolduc
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - W Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roxane M Bouten
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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20
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Katzen J, Beers MF. Contributions of alveolar epithelial cell quality control to pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5088-5099. [PMID: 32870817 DOI: 10.1172/jci139519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell dysfunction has emerged as a central component of the pathophysiology of diffuse parenchymal diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells represent a metabolically active lung cell population important for surfactant biosynthesis and alveolar homeostasis. AT2 cells and other distal lung epithelia, like all eukaryotic cells, contain an elegant quality control network to respond to intrinsic metabolic and biosynthetic challenges imparted by mutant protein conformers, dysfunctional subcellular organelles, and dysregulated telomeres. Failed AT2 quality control components (the ubiquitin-proteasome system, unfolded protein response, macroautophagy, mitophagy, and telomere maintenance) result in diverse cellular endophenotypes and molecular signatures including ER stress, defective autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammatory cell recruitment, profibrotic signaling, and altered progenitor function that ultimately converge to drive downstream fibrotic remodeling in the IPF lung. As this complex network becomes increasingly better understood, opportunities will emerge to identify targets and therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and.,Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Tat V, Ayaub EA, Ayoub A, Vierhout M, Naiel S, Padwal MK, Abed S, Mekhael O, Tandon K, Revill SD, Yousof T, Bellaye PS, Kolb PS, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Naqvi A, Cutz JC, Hambly N, Kato J, Vaughan M, Moss J, Kolb MRJ, Ask K. FK506-Binding Protein 13 Expression Is Upregulated in Interstitial Lung Disease and Correlated with Clinical Severity. A Potentially Protective Role. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:235-246. [PMID: 33253593 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by myofibroblast accumulation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. We sought to investigate the role of FKBP13 (13-kD FK506-binding protein), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident molecular chaperone, in various forms of pulmonary fibrosis. We first characterized the gene and protein expression of FKBP13 in lung biopsy specimens from 24 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 17 control subjects. FKBP13 expression was found to be elevated in the fibrotic regions of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissues and correlated with declining forced vital capacity and dyspnea severity. FKBP13 expression was also increased in lung biopsy specimens of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis-associated interstitial lung disease. We next evaluated the role of this protein using FKBP13-/- mice in a bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. Animals were assessed for lung function and histopathology at different stages of lung injury including the inflammatory (Day 7), fibrotic (Day 21), and resolution (Day 50) phases. FKBP13-/- mice showed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytokines at Day 7, increased lung elastance and fibrosis at Day 21, and impaired resolution of fibrosis at Day 50. These changes were associated with an increased number of cells that stained positive for TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 in the FKBP13-/- lungs, indicating a heightened cellular sensitivity to bleomycin. Our findings suggest that FKBP13 is a potential biomarker for severity of interstitial lung diseases and that it has a biologically relevant role in protecting mice against bleomycin-induced injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tat
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Ehab A Ayaub
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Anmar Ayoub
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Megan Vierhout
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Safaa Naiel
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Manreet K Padwal
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Soumeya Abed
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Olivia Mekhael
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Karun Tandon
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Spencer D Revill
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Tamana Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Philipp S Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Asghar Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nathan Hambly
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jiro Kato
- Pulmonary Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha Vaughan
- Pulmonary Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin R J Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, and.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
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22
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Lopez-Rodriguez E, Gay-Jordi G, Knudsen L, Ochs M, Serrano-Mollar A. Improved Alveolar Dynamics and Structure After Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Transplantation in Bleomycin Induced Lung Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640020. [PMID: 33681265 PMCID: PMC7925848 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively and ultimately fatal lung disease. Previously it has been shown that intratracheal administration of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AE2C) in the animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is able to reverse fibrosis and restore surfactant protein levels. However, to date, it has not been evaluated whether these changes involve any improvement in alveolar dynamics. Consequently, the aim of the present work was to study lung physiology after AE2C transplantation at different time points during the development of injury and fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (4U/kg) in rat lungs. The animals were transplanted with AE2C (2.5 × 106 cells/animal) 3 or 7 days after bleomycin instillation. Assessments were done at day 7 and 14 after the induction of fibrosis to plot time dependent changes in lung physiology and mechanics. To assess the pressures and rates at which closed alveoli reopens invasive pulmonary tests using a small-animal mechanical ventilator (Flexivent®, Scireq, Canada) including de-recruitability tests and forced oscillation technique as well as quasi-static pressure volume loops were performed. Afterwards lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion and subjected to design-based stereological evaluation at light and electron microscopy level. AE2C delivered during the lung injury phase (3 days) of the disease are only able to slightly recover the volume of AE2C and volume fraction of LB in AE2C. However, it did not show either positive effects regarding ventilated alveolar surface nor any increase of lung compliance. On the other hand, when AE2C are delivered at the beginning of the fibrotic phase (7 days after bleomycin instillation), an increased ventilated alveolar surface to control levels and reduced septal wall thickness can be observed. Moreover, transplanted animals showed better lung performance, with increased inspiratory capacity and compliance. In addition, a detailed analysis of surfactant active forms [mainly tubular myelin, lamellar body (LB)-like structures and multilamellar vesicles (MLV)], showed an effective recovery during the pro-fibrotic phase due to the healthy AE2C transplantation. In conclusion, AE2C transplantation during fibrogenic phases of the disease improves lung performance, structure and surfactant ultrastructure in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gemma Gay-Jordi
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, McCarthy C, Judge J, Lacy S, Freeberg MAT, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ. The self-fulfilling prophecy of pulmonary fibrosis: a selective inspection of pathological signalling loops. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00075-2020. [PMID: 32943406 PMCID: PMC7931159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00075-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating, progressive disease and carries a prognosis worse than most cancers. Despite ongoing research, the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis remain only partially understood. However, the self-perpetuating nature of pulmonary fibrosis has led several researchers to propose the existence of pathological signalling loops. According to this hypothesis, the normal wound-healing process becomes corrupted and results in the progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung. In addition, several negative regulators of pulmonary fibrosis are downregulated and, therefore, are no longer capable of inhibiting these feed-forward loops. The combination of pathological signalling loops and loss of a checks and balances system ultimately culminates in a process of unregulated scar formation. This review details specific signalling pathways demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The evidence of detrimental signalling loops is elucidated with regard to epithelial cell injury, cellular senescence and the activation of developmental and ageing pathways. We demonstrate where these loops intersect each other, as well as common mediators that may drive these responses and how the loss of pro-resolving mediators may contribute to the propagation of disease. By focusing on the overlapping signalling mediators among the many pro-fibrotic pathways, it is our hope that the pulmonary fibrosis community will be better equipped to design future trials that incorporate the redundant nature of these pathways as we move towards finding a cure for this unrelenting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rackow
- Dept of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - David J Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Shannon Lacy
- US Army of Veterinary Corps, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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24
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Huai B, Ding J. Atractylenolide III attenuates bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in rat model via Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 pathway activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:436-444. [PMID: 32762376 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1806871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin (BLM) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer, one of which side effects is that it can lead to pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Atractylenoide III (AtrIII), derived from the dried roots of rhizoma atractylodis of compositae, is one of the main active substances of rhizoma atractylodis. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other effects. This study aimed to investigate whether AtrIII alleviated BLM-induced PF and oxidative stress in rats through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/NQO1,NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1/Heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1) pathway. METHODS A BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in SD rats was established. The respiratory dynamics were evaluated by using Wholebody flow-through plethysmography. Lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Apoptosis was assay by Tunel assay. Inflammatory factors were detected with commercial kits. Expression of mRNAs and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS AtrIII (1.2, 2.4 mg/kg) improved the lung injury and lung function in the BLM-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. AtrIII reduced the apoptosis rate and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. AtrIII (1.2, 2.4 mg/kg) decrease the pulmonary fibrosis damage and protein expression transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). AtrIII also down-regulated the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while up-regulated the level of IL-10 in peripheral blood serum. Moreover, AtrIII (1.2, 2.4 mg/kg) increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. AtrIII (1.2, 2.4 mg/kg) increased the levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1. In addition, AtrIII reversed the effects of Nrf2 interference on pulmonary fibrosis damage, decreased SOD and GSH activity, and increased MDA content. CONCLUSION AtrIII could attenuate the pulmonary fibrosis and reliev oxidative stress through the Nrf2/NQO1/ HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huai
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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25
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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26
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Minagawa S, Yoshida M, Araya J, Hara H, Imai H, Kuwano K. Regulated Necrosis in Pulmonary Disease. A Focus on Necroptosis and Ferroptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:554-562. [PMID: 32017592 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0337tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, increasing evidence suggests the possible involvement of various types of cell death in lung diseases. The recognized regulated cell death includes necrotic cell death that is immunogenic, releasing damage-associated molecular patterns and driving tissue inflammation. Necroptosis is a well-understood form of regulated necrosis that is executed by RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) and the pseudokinase MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). Ferroptosis is a newly described caspase-independent form of regulated necrosis that is characterized by the increase of detrimental lipid reactive oxygen species produced via iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The role of these two cell death pathways differs depending on the disease, cell type, and microenvironment. Moreover, some experimental cell death models have demonstrated shared ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death and the synergistic effect of simultaneous inhibition. This review examines the role of regulated necrotic cell death, particularly necroptosis and ferroptosis, in lung disease pathogenesis in the context of recent insights into the roles of the key effector molecules of these two cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
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27
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Conforti F, Ridley R, Brereton C, Alzetani A, Johnson B, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Ottensmeier CH, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Wang Y, Jones MG, Davies DE. Paracrine SPARC signaling dysregulates alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and function in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:54. [PMID: 32637156 PMCID: PMC7327077 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic scarring disease in which aging, environmental exposure(s) and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, however, the causes and mechanisms of the progressive fibrotic cascade are still poorly understood. As epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for normal wound healing, through human 2D and 3D in vitro studies, we tested the hypothesis that IPF fibroblasts (IPFFs) dysregulate alveolar epithelial homeostasis. Conditioned media from IPFFs exaggerated the wound-healing response of primary human Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Furthermore, AECs co-cultured with IPFFs exhibited irregular epithelialization compared with those co-cultured with control fibroblasts (NHLFs) or AECs alone, suggesting that epithelial homeostasis is dysregulated in IPF as a consequence of the abnormal secretory phenotype of IPFFs. Secretome analysis of IPFF conditioned media and functional studies identified the matricellular protein, SPARC, as a key mediator in the epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling, with increased secretion of SPARC by IPFFs promoting persistent activation of alveolar epithelium via an integrin/focal adhesion/cellular-junction axis resulting in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity and increased macromolecular permeability. These findings suggest that in IPF fibroblast paracrine signaling promotes persistent alveolar epithelial activation, so preventing normal epithelial repair responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, they identify SPARC-mediated paracrine signaling as a potential therapeutic target to promote the restoration of lung epithelial homoestasis in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Robert Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christopher Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Ben G. Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sophie V. Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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28
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NADPH oxidases: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential in age-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101541. [PMID: 32360174 PMCID: PMC7251244 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of human fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although oxidative stress is associated with both fibrosis and aging, the precise cellular sources(s) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to the disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are an evolutionarily conserved family, where their only known function is the production of ROS. A growing body of evidence supports a link between excessive Nox-derived ROS and numerous chronic diseases (including fibrotic disease), which is most prevalent among the elderly population. In this review, we examine the evidence for Nox isoforms in the pathogenesis of IPF, and the potential to target this enzyme family for the treatment of IPF and related fibrotic disorders. A better understanding of the Nox-mediated redox imbalance in aging may be critical to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for age-associated fibrotic disorders. Strategies aimed at specifically blocking the source(s) of ROS through Nox inhibition may prove to be more effective as anti-fibrotic therapies, as compared to antioxidant approaches. This review also discusses the potential of Nox-targeting therapeutics currently in development.
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29
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Parimon T, Yao C, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Chen P. Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells as Drivers of Lung Fibrosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2269. [PMID: 32218238 PMCID: PMC7177323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2) are a heterogeneous population that have critical secretory and regenerative roles in the alveolus to maintain lung homeostasis. However, impairment to their normal functional capacity and development of a pro-fibrotic phenotype has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A number of factors contribute to AT2 death and dysfunction. As a mucosal surface, AT2 cells are exposed to environmental stresses that can have lasting effects that contribute to fibrogenesis. Genetical risks have also been identified that can cause AT2 impairment and the development of lung fibrosis. Furthermore, aging is a final factor that adds to the pathogenic changes in AT2 cells. Here, we will discuss the homeostatic role of AT2 cells and the studies that have recently defined the heterogeneity of this population of cells. Furthermore, we will review the mechanisms of AT2 death and dysfunction in the context of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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30
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Fukumoto J, Leung J, Cox R, Czachor A, Parthasarathy PT, Lagishetty V, Mandry M, Hosseinian N, Patel P, Perry B, Breitzig MT, Alleyn M, Failla A, Cho Y, Cooke AJ, Galam L, Soundararajan R, Sharma N, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Oxidative stress induces club cell proliferation and pulmonary fibrosis in Atp8b1 mutant mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:209-229. [PMID: 30636723 PMCID: PMC6339797 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atp8b1 (ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1) is a cardiolipin transporter in the apical membrane of lung epithelial cells. While the role of Atp8b1 in pneumonia-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been well studied, its potential role in oxidative stress-induced ALI is poorly understood. We herein show that Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice under hyperoxic conditions display exacerbated cell apoptosis at alveolar epithelium and aberrant proliferation of club cells at bronchiolar epithelium. This hyperoxia-induced ambivalent response in Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs was followed by patchy distribution of non-uniform interstitial fibrosis at late recovery phase under normoxia. Since this club cell abnormality is commonly observed between Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs under hyperoxic conditions and IPF lungs, we characterized this mouse fibrosis model focusing on club cells. Intriguingly, subcellular morphological analysis of IPF lungs, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed that metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells in fibrotic lesions and deformed type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in alveoli with mild fibrosis, have common morphological features including cytoplasmic vacuolation and dysmorphic lamellar bodies. In conclusion, the combination of Atp8b1 mutation and hyperoxic insult serves as a novel platform to study unfocused role of club cells in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Leung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ruan Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander Czachor
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Maria Mandry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nima Hosseinian
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Priyanshi Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brittany Perry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mason T Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Athena Failla
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Young Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrew J Cooke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nirmal Sharma
- Advanced Lung Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Exosomal miRNA Let-7 from Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Regulating Mitochondrial DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4506303. [PMID: 31949877 PMCID: PMC6948326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4506303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a prototype of chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have proven to be an attractive tool for the treatment of acute lung injury and fibrosis-related diseases through immunosuppression and antifibrosis. However, whether MenSC-derived exosomes have the similar function on pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In the present study, exosomes secreted from MenSCs (MenSCs-Exo) were verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA), and western blotting. And MenSC-Exo addition significantly improved BLM-induced lung fibrosis and alveolar epithelial cell damage in mice, mainly reflected in BLM-mediated enhancement of the fibrosis score, blue collagen deposition, dry/wet gravity ratio, hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels, and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase, which were all robustly reversed by MenSC-Exo management. Additionally, BLM- and TGF-β1-evoked cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, and cell apoptosis were rescued by MenSCs-Exo in vivo and in vitro. Further study indicated that the MenSCs-Exo could transport miRNA Let-7 into recipient alveolar epithelial cells. Let-7 inhibitor administration significantly blocked the exosome-mediated improvement role on lung fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, Let-7 was able to regulate the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1) through binding to its 3′-UTR region. Forced expression of LOX1 promoted the expression of apoptosis-related protein and mtDNA damage markers via regulating NLRP3 which was also confirmed in BLM model mice under the combination therapy of the exosome and Let-7 inhibitor. Collectively, this study demonstrates that exosomal Let-7 from MenSCs remits pulmonary fibrosis through regulating ROS, mtDNA damage, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This provides a new approach of exocytosis on the treatment of fibrotic lung disease.
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Veith C, Boots AW, Idris M, van Schooten FJ, van der Vliet A. Redox Imbalance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Role for Oxidant Cross-Talk Between NADPH Oxidase Enzymes and Mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1092-1115. [PMID: 30793932 PMCID: PMC6767863 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related lung disease with a median survival of only 3 years after diagnosis. The pathogenic mechanisms behind IPF are not clearly understood, and current therapeutic approaches have not been successful in improving disease outcomes. Recent Advances: IPF is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily by NADPH oxidases (NOXes) and mitochondria, as well as altered antioxidant defenses. Recent studies have identified the NOX isoform NOX4 as a key player in various important aspects of IPF pathology. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to enhance pathological features of IPF, in part by increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and altering cellular metabolism. Recent findings indicate reciprocal interactions between NOX enzymes and mitochondria, which affect regulation of NOX activity as well as mitochondrial function and mtROS production, and collectively promote epithelial injury and profibrotic signaling. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The precise molecular mechanisms by which ROS from NOX or mitochondria contribute to IPF pathology are not known. This review summarizes the current knowledge with respect to the various aspects of ROS imbalance in the context of IPF and its proposed roles in disease development, with specific emphasis on the importance of inappropriate NOX activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the emerging evidence of NOX-mitochondria cross-talk as important drivers in IPF pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes W. Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Idris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Albert van der Vliet, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF 216, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405
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Effect of oleanolic acid for prevention of acute lung injury and apoptosis. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2019; 27:532-539. [PMID: 32082922 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2019.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of oleanolic acid on acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods The study included 70 female Wistar albino rats (weighing 180 to 200 g). We created seven groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Then, we generated acute lung injuries by intra-tracheal peroxynitrite injection in every group except for the control group. We investigated the effect of oleanolic acid. For this purpose, we measured the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the collected blood samples from the rats. In addition, we examined the lung tissue samples histopathologically and assessed the rate of apoptosis. Results Peroxynitrite injected groups at 24 and 48 h showed a statistically significant increase in interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and malondialdehyde levels, which are accepted as mediators of the inflammatory process, compared to the control group. When peroxynitrite injected groups at 24 and 48 h were compared to the treatment groups of the same hour, a statistically significant decrease was detected. According to histopathological examination, peroxynitrite injected groups at 24 and 48 h showed a significant increase of tissue injury scores compared to the control group. However, the groups that were treated with oleanolic acid showed a significant decrease compared to the peroxynitrite groups (p<0.001 for tumor necrosis factor alpha and apoptosis results at 48 h). Conclusion In this study, we confirmed that oleanolic acid can be an effective agent for the prevention of acute lung injury generated via peroxynitrite.
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Takezaki A, Tsukumo SI, Setoguchi Y, Ledford JG, Goto H, Hosomichi K, Uehara H, Nishioka Y, Yasutomo K. A homozygous SFTPA1 mutation drives necroptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2724-2735. [PMID: 31601679 PMCID: PMC6888986 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease characterized by scattered fibrotic lesions in the lungs. The pathogenesis and genetic basis of IPF remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a homozygous missense mutation in SFTPA1 caused IPF in a consanguineous Japanese family. The mutation in SFTPA1 disturbed the secretion of SFTPA1 protein. Sftpa1 knock-in (Sftpa1-KI) mice that harbored the same mutation as patients spontaneously developed pulmonary fibrosis that was accelerated by influenza virus infection. Sftpa1-KI mice showed increased necroptosis of alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells with phosphorylation of IRE1α leading to JNK-mediated up-regulation of Ripk3. The inhibition of JNK ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in Sftpa1-KI mice, and overexpression of Ripk3 in Sftpa1-KI mice treated with a JNK inhibitor worsened pulmonary fibrosis. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of IPF in which a mutation in SFTPA1 promotes necroptosis of AEII cells through JNK-mediated up-regulation of Ripk3, highlighting the necroptosis pathway as a therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Takezaki
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsukumo
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Division of Pathology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,The Research Cluster Program on Immunological Diseases, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan .,Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,The Research Cluster Program on Immunological Diseases, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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36
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Levy L, Tigert A, Huszti E, Saito T, Mitsakakis N, Moshkelgosha S, Joe B, Boonstra KM, Tikkanen JM, Keshavjee S, Juvet SC, Martinu T. Epithelial cell death markers in bronchoalveolar lavage correlate with chronic lung allograft dysfunction subtypes and survival in lung transplant recipients—a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int 2019; 32:965-973. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levy
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Alexander Tigert
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ella Huszti
- Biostatistics Research Unit University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Tomohito Saito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Kansai Medical University Hirakata Japan
| | - Nicholas Mitsakakis
- Biostatistics Research Unit University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sajad Moshkelgosha
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Betty Joe
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Kristen M. Boonstra
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jussi M. Tikkanen
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Stephen C. Juvet
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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37
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy of Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4236973. [PMID: 31191672 PMCID: PMC6525794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4236973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute or chronic lung injury, inappropriate immune response and/or aberrant repair process causes irreversible damage in lung tissue and most usually results in the development of fibrosis followed by decline in lung function. Inhaled corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs are very effective in patients with inflammatory lung disorders, but their long-term use is associated with severe side effects. Accordingly, new therapeutic agents that will attenuate ongoing inflammation and, at the same time, promote regeneration of injured alveolar epithelial cells are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to modulate proliferation, activation, and effector function of all immune cells that play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. In addition to the suppression of lung-infiltrated immune cells, MSCs have potential to differentiate into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and, accordingly, represent new players in cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung disorders. In this review article, we described molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based therapy of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases and emphasized current knowledge and future perspectives related to the therapeutic application of MSCs in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Klymenko O, Huehn M, Wilhelm J, Wasnick R, Shalashova I, Ruppert C, Henneke I, Hezel S, Guenther K, Mahavadi P, Samakovlis C, Seeger W, Guenther A, Korfei M. Regulation and role of the ER stress transcription factor CHOP in alveolar epithelial type-II cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:973-990. [PMID: 31025089 PMCID: PMC6581940 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease characterized by type-II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) injury and fibroblast hyperproliferation. Severe AECII endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to underlie IPF, but is yet incompletely understood. We studied the regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a proapoptotic ER-stress-related transcription factor (TF) in AECII-like cells. Interestingly, single or combined overexpression of the active ER stress transducers activating transcription factor-4 (Atf4) and activating transcription factor-6 (p50Atf6) or spliced x-box-binding protein-1 (sXbp1) in MLE12 cells did not result in a substantial Chop induction, as compared to the ER stress inducer thapsigargin. Employing reporter gene assays of distinct CHOP promoter fragments, we could identify that, next to the conventional amino acid (AARE) and ER stress response elements (ERSE) within the CHOP promoter, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and c-Ets-1 TF binding sites are necessary for CHOP induction. Serial deletion and mutation analyses revealed that both AP-1 and c-Ets-1 motifs act in concert to induce CHOP expression. In agreement, CHOP promoter activity was greatly enhanced upon combined versus single overexpression of AP-1 and c-Ets-1. Moreover, combined overexpression of AP-1 and c-Ets-1 in MLE12 cells alone in the absence of any other ER stress inducer was sufficient to induce Chop protein expression. Further, AP-1 and c-Ets-1 were upregulated in AECII under ER stress conditions and in human IPF. Finally, Chop overexpression in vitro resulted in AECII apoptosis, lung fibroblast proliferation, and collagen-I production. We propose that CHOP activation by AP-1 and c-Ets-1 plays a key role in AECII maladaptive ER stress responses and consecutive fibrosis, offering new therapeutic prospects in IPF. Key messages Overexpression of active ER stress sensors Atf4, Atf6, and Xbp1 does not induce Chop. AP-1 and c-Ets-1 TFs are necessary for induction of the ER stress factor Chop. AP-1 and c-Ets-1 alone induce Chop expression in the absence of any ER stress inducers. AP-1 and c-Ets-1 are induced in AECII under ER stress conditions and in human IPF. Chop expression alone triggers AECII apoptosis and consecutive profibrotic responses.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01787-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Klymenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Huehn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roxana Wasnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Irina Shalashova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hezel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- European IPF Network and European IPF Registry, Giessen, Germany.
- Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, 35753, Greifenstein, Germany.
| | - Martina Korfei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392, Giessen, Germany
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39
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Lee JM, Yoshida M, Kim MS, Lee JH, Baek AR, Jang AS, Kim DJ, Minagawa S, Chin SS, Park CS, Kuwano K, Park SW, Araya J. Involvement of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Necroptosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:215-224. [PMID: 29444413 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0034oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury leading to cell death is involved in the process of fibrosis development during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among regulated/programmed cell death, the excessive apoptosis of AECs has been widely implicated in IPF pathogenesis. Necroptosis is a type of regulated/programmed necrosis. A multiprotein complex composed of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and -3 plays a key regulatory role in initiating necroptosis. Although necroptosis participates in disease pathogeneses through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, its association with IPF progression remains elusive. In this study, we attempted to illuminate the involvement of RIPK3-regulated necroptosis in IPF pathogenesis. IPF lung tissues were used to detect necroptosis, and the role of RIPK3 was determined using cell culturing models of AECs. Lung fibrosis models of bleomycin (BLM) treatment were also used. RIPK3 expression levels were increased in IPF lungs, and both apoptosis and necroptosis were detected mainly in AECs. Necrostatin-1 and RIPK3 knockout experiments in AECs revealed the participation of necroptosis in BLM and hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. BLM treatment induced RIPK3 expression in AECs and increased high-mobility group box 1 and IL-1β levels in mouse lungs. The efficient attenuation of BLM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis was determined in RIPK3 knockout mice and by necrostatin-1 with a concomitant reduction in high-mobility group box 1 and IL-1β. RIPK3-regulated necroptosis in AECs is involved in the mechanism of lung fibrosis development through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns as part of the pathogenic sequence of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Lee
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- 2 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mi-So Kim
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - June-Hyuk Lee
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ae-Rin Baek
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - An Soo Jang
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Do Jin Kim
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- 2 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Su Sie Chin
- 3 Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea; and
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- 2 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung Woo Park
- 1 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jun Araya
- 2 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Gandhi CK, Holmes R, Gewolb IH, Uhal BD. Degradation of Lung Protective Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 by Meconium in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome. Lung 2019; 197:227-233. [PMID: 30759273 PMCID: PMC7088148 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic digestive enzymes present in meconium might be responsible for meconium-induced lung injury. The local Renin Angiotensin System plays an important role in lung injury and inflammation. Particularly, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been identified as a protective lung enzyme against the insult. ACE-2 converts pro-apoptotic Angiotensin II to anti-apoptotic Angiotensin 1-7. However, the effect of meconium on ACE-2 has never been studied before. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of meconium on ACE-2, and whether inhibition of proteolytic enzymes present in the meconium reverses its effects on ACE-2. METHODS Alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to F-12 medium, 2.5% meconium, meconium + a protease inhibitor cocktail (PIc) and PIc alone for 16 h. At the end of incubation, apoptosis was measured with a nuclear fragmentation assay and cell lysates were collected for ACE-2 immunoblotting and enzyme activity. RESULTS Meconium caused a fourfold increase in apoptotic nuclei (p < 0.001). The pro-apoptotic effect of meconium can be reversed by PIc. Meconium reduced ACE-2 enzyme activity by cleaving ACE-2 into a fragment detected at ~ 37 kDa by immunoblot. PIc prevented the degradation of ACE-2 and restored 50% of ACE-2 activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that meconium causes degradation of lung protective ACE-2 by proteolytic enzymes present in meconium, since the effects of meconium can be reversed by PIc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K Gandhi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Pennsylvania State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Ira H Gewolb
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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41
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Li X, Zhuang J, Uhal BD. Local activation of the pulmonary extravascular angiotensin system induces epithelial apoptosis and lung fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:192-200. [PMID: 32524006 DOI: 10.15406/jlprr.2018.05.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggests that a local extravascular angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis through stimulation of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and collagen deposition. To demonstrate a causative role for the local tissue angiotensin (ANG) system in lung fibrosis, we hypothesize that overexpression of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene or pharmacologic elevation of lung tissue ANG II levels might cause apoptosis of AECs and lung fibrosis. ANGII levels were elevated in rat or mouse lung tissue by intratracheal instillation of either purified ANGII or an adenovirus expressing AGT, or by ubiquitous overexpression of AGT in transgenic mice. Intratracheal instillation of purified ANGII caused significant collagen accumulation in lung tissue, both ex vivo and in vivo. Ubiquitous overexpression of AGT enhanced the profibrotic effect of bleomycin given at suboptimal doses. Intratracheal delivery of an adenoviral vector expressing mouse AGT (Ad-AGT) overexpressed AGT primarily in AECs and caused both apoptosis of AECs and pulmonary fibrosis. The lung collagen accumulation and AEC apoptosis caused by Ad-AGT was blocked by the caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk, by the ANG receptor AT1 antagonist Losartan or by the non-selective ANGII receptor antagonist Saralasin. Together, these data support the hypothesis that elevated pulmonary expression of AGT and its conversion to angiotensin II plays a causative role in the development of lung fibrosis through its induction of AEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Jiaju Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Bethune Military Medical College, China
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, USA
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42
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Abstract
Regulated cell death is a major mechanism to eliminate damaged, infected, or superfluous cells. Previously, apoptosis was thought to be the only regulated cell death mechanism; however, new modalities of caspase-independent regulated cell death have been identified, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagic cell death. As an understanding of the cellular mechanisms that mediate regulated cell death continues to grow, there is increasing evidence that these pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of many pulmonary disorders. This review summarizes our understanding of regulated cell death as it pertains to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Sauler
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Isabel S Bazan
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Patty J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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43
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Kim KK, Dotson MR, Agarwal M, Yang J, Bradley PB, Subbotina N, Osterholzer JJ, Sisson TH. Efferocytosis of apoptotic alveolar epithelial cells is sufficient to initiate lung fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1056. [PMID: 30333529 PMCID: PMC6193049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis is a prominent feature of fibrotic lung diseases and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. While there is growing recognition of the importance of AEC injury and apoptosis as a causal factor in fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms that link these processes remain unknown. We have previously shown that targeting the type II alveolar epithelium for injury by repetitively administering diphtheria toxin to transgenic mice expressing the diphtheria toxin receptor off of the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-DTR) develop lung fibrosis, confirming that AEC injury is sufficient to cause fibrosis. In the present study, we find that SPC-DTR mice develop increased activation of caspase 3/7 after initiation of diphtheria toxin treatment consistent with apoptosis within AECs. We also find evidence of efferocytosis, the uptake of apoptotic cells, by alveolar macrophages in this model. To determine the importance of efferocytosis in lung fibrosis, we treated cultured alveolar macrophages with apoptotic type II AECs and found that the uptake induced pro-fibrotic gene expression. We also found that the repetitive intrapulmonary administration of apoptotic type II AEC or MLE-12 cells induces lung fibrosis. Finally, mice lacking a key efferocytosis receptor, CD36, developed attenuated fibrosis in response to apoptotic MLE-12 cells. Collectively, these studies support a novel mechanism linking AEC apoptosis with macrophage pro-fibrotic activation via efferocytosis and reveal previously unrecognized therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Megan R Dotson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jibing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patrick B Bradley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natalia Subbotina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John J Osterholzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Sisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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44
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Corey SJ, Jha J, McCart EA, Rittase WB, George J, Mattapallil JJ, Mehta H, Ognoon M, Bylicky MA, Summers TA, Day RM. Captopril mitigates splenomegaly and myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low murine model of myelofibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4274-4282. [PMID: 29971909 PMCID: PMC6111823 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for primary myelofibrosis (MF), while the JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib. Has been approved only for palliation. Other therapies are desperately needed to reverse life-threatening MF. However, the cell(s) and cytokine(s) that promote MF remain unclear. Several reports have demonstrated that captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme that blocks the production of angiotensin II (Ang II), mitigates fibrosis in heart, lung, skin and kidney. Here, we show that captopril can mitigate the development of MF in the Gata1low mouse model of primary MF. Gata1low mice were treated with 79 mg/kg/d captopril in the drinking water from 10 to 12 months of age. At 13 months of age, bone marrows were examined for fibrosis, megakaryocytosis and collagen expression; spleens were examined for megakaryocytosis, splenomegaly and collagen expression. Treatment of Gata1low mice with captopril in the drinking water was associated with normalization of the bone marrow cellularity; reduced reticulin fibres, splenomegaly and megakaryocytosis; and decreased collagen expression. Our findings suggest that treating with the ACE inhibitors captopril has a significant benefit in overcoming pathological changes associated with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Corey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell TransplantationThe Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Jyoti Jha
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McCart
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - William B. Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jeffy George
- Department of MicrobiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Joseph J. Mattapallil
- Department of MicrobiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hrishikesh Mehta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell TransplantationThe Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Mungunsukh Ognoon
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michelle A. Bylicky
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Thomas A. Summers
- Department of PathologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
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Abstract
The aging of the human population has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the incidence and prevalence of age-related diseases, including those of the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of aging, and is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and high mortality. Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, which can accompany aging phenotypes, may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we explore current evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that participate in the fibrotic process. Further, the fates of these cell populations and the potential to target mitochondrial dysfunction as a therapeutic strategy are discussed.
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46
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Abstract
Activation of TGF-β1 initiates a program of temporary collagen accumulation important to wound repair in many organs. However, the outcome of temporary extracellular matrix strengthening all too frequently morphs into progressive fibrosis, contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. To avoid this maladaptive outcome, TGF-β1 signaling is regulated at numerous levels and intimately connected to feedback signals that limit accumulation. Here, we examine the current understanding of the core functions of TGF-β1 in promoting collagen accumulation, parallel pathways that promote physiological repair, and pathological triggers that tip the balance toward progressive fibrosis. Implicit in better understanding of these processes is the identification of therapeutic opportunities that will need to be further advanced to limit or reverse organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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47
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Pardo A, Selman M. Fibroblast Senescence and Apoptosis. "One-Two Punch" to Slow Down Lung Fibrosis? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 56:145-146. [PMID: 28145776 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0387ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pardo
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico and
| | - Moises Selman
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas México Mexico City, Mexico
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48
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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49
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Winterbottom CJ, Shah RJ, Patterson KC, Kreider ME, Panettieri RA, Rivera-Lebron B, Miller WT, Litzky LA, Penning TM, Heinlen K, Jackson T, Localio AR, Christie JD. Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Is Associated With Accelerated Functional Decline in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2017; 153:1221-1228. [PMID: 28802694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive disease with an unknown pathogenesis, may be due in part to an abnormal response to injurious stimuli by alveolar epithelial cells. Air pollution and particulate inhalation of matter evoke a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic inflammatory diseases. We therefore hypothesized that increased average ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations would be associated with an accelerated rate of decline in FVC in IPF. METHODS We identified a cohort of subjects seen at a single university referral center from 2007 to 2013. Average concentrations of particulate matter < 10 and < 2.5 μg/m3 (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively) were assigned to each patient based on geocoded residential addresses. A linear multivariable mixed-effects model determined the association between the rate of decline in FVC and average PM concentration, controlling for baseline FVC at first measurement and other covariates. RESULTS One hundred thirty-five subjects were included in the final analysis after exclusion of subjects missing repeated spirometry measurements and those for whom exposure data were not available. There was a significant association between PM10 levels and the rate of decline in FVC during the study period, with each μg/m3 increase in PM10 corresponding with an additional 46 cc/y decline in FVC (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollution, as measured by average PM10 concentration, is associated with an increase in the rate of decline of FVC in IPF, suggesting a potential mechanistic role for air pollution in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Winterbottom
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
| | - Rupal J Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Karen C Patterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maryl E Kreider
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Belinda Rivera-Lebron
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wallace T Miller
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leslie A Litzky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Krista Heinlen
- Cartographic Modeling Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tara Jackson
- Cartographic Modeling Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Russell Localio
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason D Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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50
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Ahluwalia N, Grasberger PE, Mugo BM, Feghali-Bostwick C, Pardo A, Selman M, Lagares D, Tager AM. Fibrogenic Lung Injury Induces Non-Cell-Autonomous Fibroblast Invasion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:831-42. [PMID: 26600305 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0040oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic accumulation of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis appears to depend on their invasion through basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Fibroblasts from the fibrotic lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been demonstrated to acquire a phenotype characterized by increased cell-autonomous invasion. Here, we investigated whether fibroblast invasion is further stimulated by soluble mediators induced by lung injury. We found that bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from bleomycin-challenged mice or patients with IPF contain mediators that dramatically increase the matrix invasion of primary lung fibroblasts. Further characterization of this non-cell-autonomous fibroblast invasion suggested that the mediators driving this process are produced locally after lung injury and are preferentially produced by fibrogenic (e.g., bleomycin-induced) rather than nonfibrogenic (e.g., LPS-induced) lung injury. Comparison of invasion and migration induced by a series of fibroblast-active mediators indicated that these two forms of fibroblast movement are directed by distinct sets of stimuli. Finally, knockdown of multiple different membrane receptors, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, lysophosphatidic acid 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, mitigated the non-cell-autonomous fibroblast invasion induced by bronchoalveolar lavage from bleomycin-injured mice, suggesting that multiple different mediators drive fibroblast invasion in pulmonary fibrosis. The magnitude of this mediator-driven fibroblast invasion suggests that its inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. Further elaboration of the molecular mechanisms that drive non-cell-autonomous fibroblast invasion consequently may provide a rich set of novel drug targets for the treatment of IPF and other fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ahluwalia
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula E Grasberger
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian M Mugo
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- 2 Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Annie Pardo
- 3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Moisés Selman
- 4 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Lagares
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M Tager
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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