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Namai-Takahashi A, Takahashi J, Ogawa Y, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15601. [PMID: 37958585 PMCID: PMC10649976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has anti-hypertensive and renal protective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ex on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Eight-week-old, male Dahl-S rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal-salt diet, sedentary (NS-Sed), (2) HS diet, sedentary (HS-Sed), and (3) HS-Ex. The NS and HS groups were fed a diet containing 0.6% and 8% NaCl, respectively. The HS-Ex group performed treadmill running for 8 weeks (5 days/week; 60 min/day at 16-20 m/min, 0% gradient). Renal function and the expression of enzymes and regulators of β-oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were assessed. HS increased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and Ex ameliorated these defects. HS also reduced creatinine clearance, and Ex ameliorated it. HS reduced the renal expression of enzymes of β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPTI) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs)) and the related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Ex restored this. HS also reduced the renal expression of enzymes in ETC complexes, and Ex restored this expression. Ex ameliorates HS-induced renal damage by upregulating enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC complexes via increases in PPAR-α and PGC-1α expressions in the kidneys of Dahl-S rats. These results suggest that Ex may have beneficial effects on HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junta Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Song G, Chen J, Deng Y, Sun L, Yan Y. TMT Labeling Reveals the Effects of Exercises on the Proteomic Characteristics of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Growing High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23484-23500. [PMID: 37426235 PMCID: PMC10324099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Growing period is an important period for fat remodeling. High-fat diet and exercise are reasons for adipose tissue (AT) remodeling, but existing evidence is not enough. Therefore, the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the proteomic characteristics of the subcutaneous AT of growing rats on normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) were determined. Methods: Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were subdivided into six groups: normal diet control group, normal diet-MICT group, normal diet-HIIT group, HFD control group, HFD-MICT group, and HFD-HIIT group. Rats in the training group ran on a treadmill 5 days a week for 8 weeks (MICT: 50 min at 60-70% VO2max intensity; HIIT: 7 min of warm-up and recovery at 70% VO2max intensity, 6 sets of 3 min of 30% VO2max followed by 3 min 90% VO2max). Following physical assessment, inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) was collected for proteome analysis using tandem mass tag labeling. Results: MICT and HIIT attenuated body fat mass and lean body mass but did not affect weight gain. Proteomics revealed the impact of exercise on ribosome, spliceosome, and the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the effect was reversed on HFD and normal diet. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) affected by MICT were related to oxygen transport, ribosome, and spliceosome. In comparison, the DEPs affected by HIIT were related to oxygen transport, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrion protein. In HFD, HIIT was more likely to cause changes in immune proteins than MICT. However, exercise did not seem to reverse the protein effects of HFD. Conclusion: The exercise stress response in the growing period was stronger but increased the energy metabolism and metabolism. MICT and HIIT can reduce fat, increase muscle percentage, and improve maximum oxygen uptake in rats fed with HFD. However, in rats with normal diet, MICT and HIIT triggered more immune responses of sWAT, especially HIIT. In addition, spliceosomes may be the key factors in AT remodeling triggered by exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Guangdong
Ersha Sports Training Center, Guangzhou 510105, China
| | - Yimin Deng
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fuzhou
Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory
of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing100084, China
- Laboratory
of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry
of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Guan R, Li H, Jiao Y, Yu H. A nonrandomized controlled trial of individualized exercise prescription combined with remote exercise management in patients who are overweight or obese. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:99. [PMID: 35655279 PMCID: PMC9161188 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Between 2012 and 2020, the obesity rate increased among Chinese people aged 18 years and above, along with blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Purpose Our objective was to compare the effects of a combined intervention, including individualized exercise prescription plus remote management versus individualized exercise prescription only, on cardiovascular risk factors in patients who are overweight or obese, with the aim of establishing a more effective remote model of health management than self-management. Methods This nonrandomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2100046307) studied patients who are overweight or obese at model labor health management centers from January 2019 to December 2019, including 55 people in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. The relevant indexes of all the research objects from both experimental group and control group were examined. Participants in the experimental group were given individualized exercise prescription combined with remote exercise management over a period of 3 months. The control group was prescribed exercise only at time of enrollment and taught about exercise once, followed by voluntary exercise and self-management for 3 months. Result After adjusting for baseline differences, the changes in weight (−2.72 ± 4.03 kg versus 0.32 ± 2.50 kg, P < 0.0001), body mass index (−0.99 ± 1.44 kg/m2 versus 0.11 ± 0.92 kg/m2, P < 0.0001), waist circumference (−2.98 ± 6.29 cm versus 0.60 ± 5.33 cm, P < 0.0001), visceral fat area (−9.75 ± 19.68 cm2 versus −1.31 ± 12.37 cm2, P = 0.028), body fat (− 2.65 ± 3.52 kg versus 0.54 ± 2.67 kg, P < 0.0001), body fat rate (−2.50 ± 3.32% versus 0.21 ± 3.30%, P < 0.0001), uric acid (−9.75 ± 19.68 µmol/L versus −1.31 ± 12.37 µmol/L, P = 0.028), serum total cholesterol (−0.11 ± 0.40 mmol/L versus −0.11 ± 0.59 mmol/L, P = 0.004), fasting insulin (− 2.36 ± 5.20 μU/mL versus 1.22 ± 7.34 μU/mL, P = 0.009), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (−0.62 ± 1.25 versus 0.14 ± 1.83, P = 0.022) were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group after intervention. Conclusion Individualized exercise prescription combined with remote management in patients who are obese or overweight facilitated weight and fat loss, lowered blood pressure and serum total cholesterol, improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and reduced cardiovascular risk factors. The intervention was superior to conventional education in terms of weight loss, fat reduction, total cholesterol reduction, fasting insulin reduction, and amelioration of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guan
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Haijing Li
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Maroofi A, Bagheri Rouch A, Naderi N, Damirchi A. Effects of two different exercise paradigms on cardiac function, BDNF-TrkB expression, and myocardial protection in the presence and absence of Western diet. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 40:101022. [PMID: 35399608 PMCID: PMC8991101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling is a vital regulator of myocardial performance. Here, we tested the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart function, metabolic parameters, and serum/cardiac BDNF (with its TrkB receptor) in animals fed a Western (WD) or regular diet (ND). Further, myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) and cardioprotective molecule heme oxygens-1 (HO-1) were monitored. Methods Wistar rats were divided into HIIT, MICT, and sedentary (SED), all fed a WD or ND, for 12 weeks. Heart function, protein expression, and serum factors were assessed via echocardiography, western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. Results WD plus SED caused insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, visceral fat deposition, serum BDNF depletion as well as cardiac upregulation of IL-18 and downregulation of HO-1, without affecting, heart function and BDNF-TrkB expression. The cardiometabolic risk factors, serum BDNF losses, and IL-18 overexpression were similarly obviated by HIIT and MICT, although HO-1 expression was boosted by HIIT exclusively (even in ND). HIIT enhanced heart function, regardless of the diet. HIIT augmented cardiac BDNF expression, with a significant difference between ND and WD. Likewise, HIIT instigated TrkB expression only in ND. Conclusions HIIT and MICT can cope with myocardial inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors in WD consumers and, exclusively, HIIT may grant further protection by increasing heart function, BDNF-TrkB expression, and HO-1 expression. Thus, the HIIT paradigm should be considered as a preference for subjects who require heart function to be preserved or enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset Maroofi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bagheri Rouch
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Joaquim AG, Oharomari LK, Vale GTD, Tirapelli CR, Moraes CD. Interval or continuous aerobic exercise performed 3 days a week increases endothelium-dependent relaxation in female rats fed with fructose. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Dose-Response Relationships of Different Dimensions of Physical Activity with Daily Physical Function and Cognitive Function in Chinese Adults with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312698. [PMID: 34886423 PMCID: PMC8657437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the dose-response relationships of different dimensions of physical activity (intensity, time, frequency, capacity, and metabolic equivalent) with daily physical function (DPF) and cognitive function (CF) in Chinese adults with hypertension. METHODS The 6216 hypertensive patients included in this study were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was conducted in 2015. Physical activity (PA) was divided into vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), and light PA (LPA). Linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were established to assess the associations with indicators. RESULTS Patients with VPA have a lower probability of impaired DPF; however, patients with VPA had lower CF scores. Patients with nearly all the aspects of MPA have lower rates of impaired DPF and higher CF scores (p < 0.05). Patients with LPA have a lower probability of impaired DPF and higher CF scores. In addition, patients with between 1800 and 2999 MET-minutes per week had the lowest rates of impaired DPF (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02, 0.39) and the highest CF scores (β = 3.28, 95% CI 2.25, 4.31). CONCLUSIONS This study found that patients with hypertension with moderate-intensity physical activity (nearly all aspects) and LPA had better DPF and CF. The best daily physical function and CF was with METs of 1800-2999 min per week. However, VPA should be recommended with caution in Chinese adults with hypertension.
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Omidifar A, Shirvani H, Taheri RA, Gorgani-Firouzjae S, Delfan M, Kalaki-Jouybari F, Khakdan S. Protective effects of HIIT vs. CET exercise training on high-fat-high-fructose diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and histopathology of liver in rats: regulation of SIRT1/PGC-1α. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kolodziej F, O’Halloran KD. Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:609. [PMID: 33921022 PMCID: PMC8071436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are popularly called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They promote energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which in contrast to cytosolic glycolysis are oxygen-dependent and significantly more substrate efficient. That is, mitochondrial metabolism provides substantially more cellular energy currency (ATP) per macronutrient metabolised. Enhancement of mitochondrial density and metabolism are associated with endurance training, which allows for the attainment of high relative VO2 max values. However, the sedentary lifestyle and diet currently predominant in the Western world lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Underdeveloped mitochondrial metabolism leads to nutrient-induced reducing pressure caused by energy surplus, as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-mediated high electron flow at rest leads to "electron leak" and a chronic generation of superoxide radicals (O2-). Chronic overload of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cell components such as DNA, cell membranes, and proteins. Counterintuitively, transiently generated ROS during exercise contributes to adaptive reduction-oxidation (REDOX) signalling through the process of cellular hormesis or "oxidative eustress" defined by Helmut Sies. However, the unaccustomed, chronic oxidative stress is central to the leading causes of mortality in the 21st century-metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular comorbidities. The endurance exercise training that improves mitochondrial capacity and the protective antioxidant cellular system emerges as a universal intervention for mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant comorbidities. Furthermore, exercise might also be a solution to prevent ageing-related degenerative diseases, which are caused by impaired mitochondrial recycling. This review aims to break down the metabolic components of exercise and how they translate to athletic versus metabolically diseased phenotypes. We outline a reciprocal relationship between oxidative metabolism and inflammation, as well as hypoxia. We highlight the importance of oxidative stress for metabolic and antioxidant adaptation. We discuss the relevance of lactate as an indicator of critical exercise intensity, and inferring from its relationship with hypoxia, we suggest the most appropriate mode of exercise for the case of a lost oxidative identity in metabolically inflexible patients. Finally, we propose a reciprocal signalling model that establishes a healthy balance between the glycolytic/proliferative and oxidative/prolonged-ageing phenotypes. This model is malleable to adaptation with oxidative stress in exercise but is also susceptible to maladaptation associated with chronic oxidative stress in disease. Furthermore, mutations of components involved in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism may lead to the development of a cancerous phenotype, which progressively presents as one of the main causes of death, alongside the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland;
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Mousavi SR, Jafari M, Rezaei S, Agha-alinejad H, Sobhani V. Evaluation of the effects of different intensities of forced running wheel exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers in muscle, liver and serum of untrained rats. Lab Anim (NY) 2020; 49:119-125. [DOI: 10.1038/s41684-020-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Sessa F, Messina G, Russo R, Salerno M, Castruccio Castracani C, Distefano A, Li Volti G, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Mongioi' LM, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S. Consequences on aging process and human wellness of generation of nitrogen and oxygen species during strenuous exercise. Aging Male 2020; 23:14-22. [PMID: 29950140 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1482866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of antioxidant defense system and increase in metabolic rate and production of reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated in strenuous exercise. Both at rest and during contractile activity, skeletal muscle generates a very complex set of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species; the main generated are superoxide and nitric oxide. The nature of the contractile activity influences the pattern and the magnitude of this reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) generation. The intracellular pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis undergoes alteration owing to strenuous exercise and the major identified sources of intracellular free radical generation during physical activity are the mitochondrial electron transport chain, polymorphoneutrophil, and xanthine oxidase. Reactive oxygen species increased tissue susceptibility to oxidative damage and pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system. The possible dangerous consequences of the aging process and human wellness are emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Russo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Pellegrini Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioi'
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Krzesiak A, Cognard C, Sebille S, Carré G, Bosquet L, Delpech N. High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:903-915. [PMID: 30702976 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00131.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training offers possible nonpharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training has been shown to have as much or even more beneficial cardiovascular effect in patients with cardiovascular diseases than moderate-intensity continuous exercise (CMIE) training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two types of training on cardiac remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) induced by hypertension. Eight-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided into four groups: normotensive and hypertensive control (WKY and SHR-C) and hypertensive trained with CMIE (SHR-T CMIE) or HIIE (SHR-T HIIE). After 8 wk of training or inactivity, maximal running speed (MRS), arterial pressure, and heart weight were all assessed. CMIE or HIIE protocols not only increased final MRS and left ventricular weight/body weight ratio but also reduced mean arterial pressure compared with sedentary group. Then, left ventricular tissue was enzymatically dissociated, and isolated cardiomyocytes were used to highlight the changes induced by physical activity at morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Both types of training induced restoration of transverse tubule regularity, decrease in spark site density, and reduction in half-relaxation time of calcium transients. HIIE training, in particular, decreased spark amplitude and width, and increased cardiomyocyte contractility and the expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban phosphorylated on serine 16. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-intensity intermittent exercise training induces beneficial remodeling of the left ventricular cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Results also confirm, at the cellular level, that this type of training, as it appears not to be deleterious, could be applied in rehabilitation of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krzesiak
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France.,Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
| | - C Cognard
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - S Sebille
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - G Carré
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - L Bosquet
- Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
| | - N Delpech
- Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
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Frisbee JC, Lewis MT, Wiseman RW. Skeletal muscle performance in metabolic disease: Microvascular or mitochondrial limitation or both? Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12517. [PMID: 30471168 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the clearly established health outcomes associated with chronic metabolic diseases (eg, type II diabetes mellitus) is that the ability of skeletal muscle to maintain contractile performance during periods of elevated metabolic demand is compromised as compared to the fatigue-resistance of muscle under normal, healthy conditions. While there has been extensive effort dedicated to determining the major factors that contribute to the compromised performance of skeletal muscle with chronic metabolic disease, the extent to which this poor outcome reflects a dysfunctional state of the microcirculation, where the delivery and distribution of metabolic substrates can be impaired, versus derangements to normal metabolic processes and mitochondrial function, versus a combination of the two, represents an area of considerable unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to present some of the current concepts for dysfunction to both the microcirculation of skeletal muscle as well as to mitochondrial metabolism under these conditions, such that these diverse issues can be merged into an integrated framework for future investigation. Based on an interpretation of the current literature, it may be hypothesized that the primary site of dysfunction with earlier stages of metabolic disease may lie at the level of the vasculature, rather than at the level of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Li FH, Li T, Ai JY, Sun L, Min Z, Duan R, Zhu L, Liu YY, Liu TCY. Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:571. [PMID: 29875683 PMCID: PMC5974531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on basal autophagy and mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle and plasma metabolic phenotypes have not been clearly characterized. Here, we investigated how 10-weeks HIIT and MICT differentially modify basal autophagy and mitochondrial markers in cardiac and skeletal muscle and conducted an untargeted metabolomics study with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolic phenotypes. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into three groups: sedentary control (SED), MICT, and HIIT. Rats underwent evaluation of exercise performance, including exercise tolerance and grip strength, and blood lactate levels were measured immediately after an incremental exercise test. Plasma samples were analyzed by 1H NMR. The expression of autophagy and mitochondrial markers and autophagic flux (LC3II/LC3-I ratio) in cardiac, rectus femoris, and soleus muscle were analyzed by western blotting. Time to exhaustion and grip strength increased significantly following HIIT compared with that in both SED and MICT groups. Compared with those in the SED group, blood lactate level, and the expression of SDH, COX-IV, and SIRT3 significantly increased in rectus femoris and soleus muscle of both HIIT and MICT groups. Meanwhile, SDH and COX-IV content of cardiac muscle and COX-IV and SIRT3 content of rectus femoris and soleus muscle increased significantly following HIIT compared with that following MICT. The expression of LC3-II, ATG-3, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased only in soleus and cardiac muscle following HIIT. These data indicate that HIIT was more effective for improving physical performance and facilitating cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations that increase mitochondrial function and basal autophagic activities. Moreover, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis identified 11 metabolites in plasma, among which fine significantly and similarly changed after both HIIT and MICT, while BCAAs isoleucine, leucine, and valine and glutamine were changed only after HIIT. Together, these data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and autophagy and mitochondrial markers following HIIT vs. MICT and highlight the value of metabolomic analysis in providing more detailed insight into the metabolic adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ai
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Min
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Liu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Fujita N, Aono S, Karasaki K, Sera F, Kurose T, Fujino H, Urakawa S. Changes in lipid metabolism and capillary density of the skeletal muscle following low-intensity exercise training in a rat model of obesity with hyperinsulinemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196895. [PMID: 29718998 PMCID: PMC5931644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exercise is effective in improving obesity and hyperinsulinemia, the exact influence of exercise on the capillary density of skeletal muscles remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise training on metabolism in obesity with hyperinsulinemia, focusing specifically on the capillary density within the skeletal muscle. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats were used as animal models of obesity with hyperinsulinemia, whereas Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats served as controls (no obesity, no hyperinsulinemia). The animals were randomly assigned to either non-exercise or exercise groups (treadmill running for 60 min/day, for 4 weeks). The exercise groups were further divided into subgroups according to training mode: single bout (60 min, daily) vs. multiple bout (three bouts of 20 min, daily). Fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats. Among OLETF rats, there were no significant differences in fasting glucose levels between the exercise and the non-exercise groups, but the fasting insulin levels were significantly lower in the exercise group. Body weight and triacylglycerol levels in the liver were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats; however, among OLETF rats, these levels were significantly lower in the exercise than in the non-exercise group. The capillary-to-fiber ratio of the soleus muscle was significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats; however, among OLETF rats, the ratio was lower in the exercise group than in the non-exercise group. No significant differences in any of the studied parameters were noted between the single-bout and multiple-bout exercise training modes among either OLETF or LETO rats. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and fatty liver. Additionally, the fact that attenuation of excessive capillarization in the skeletal muscle of OLETF rats was accompanied by improvement in increased body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Saki Aono
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Karasaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumi Sera
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurose
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Life and Medical Science Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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da Rocha AL, Pereira BC, Teixeira GR, Pinto AP, Frantz FG, Elias LLK, Lira FS, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Mekary RA, de Freitas EC, da Silva ASR. Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1378. [PMID: 29163473 PMCID: PMC5669301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overtraining (OT) may be defined as an imbalance between excessive training and adequate recovery period. Recently, a downhill running-based overtraining (OTR/down) protocol induced the nonfunctional overreaching state, which is defined as a performance decrement that may be associated with psychological and hormonal disruptions and promoted intramuscular and systemic inflammation. To discriminate the eccentric contraction effects on interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, and SOCS-3, we compared the release of these cytokines in OTR/down with other two OT protocols with the same external load (i.e., the product between training intensity and volume), but performed in uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR). Also, we evaluated the effects of these OT models on the muscle morphology and fiber type composition, serum levels of fatigue markers and corticosterone, as well as androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expressions. For extensor digitorum longus (EDL), OTR/down and OTR groups increased the cytokines and exhibited micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. While OTR/down group increased the cytokines in soleus muscle, OTR/up group only increased IL-6. All OT groups presented micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. In serum, while OTR/down and OTR/up protocols increased IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, OTR group increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and corticosterone. The type II fibers in EDL and soleus, total and phosphorylated AR levels in soleus, and total GR levels in EDL and soleus were differentially modulated by the OT protocols. In summary, the proinflammatory cytokines were more sensitive for OTR/down than for OTR/up and OTR. Also, the specific treadmill inclination of each OT model influenced most of the other evaluated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucila L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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Effects of aerobic exercise intensity on ambulatory blood pressure and vascular responses in resistant hypertension: a crossover trial. J Hypertens 2017; 34:1317-24. [PMID: 27137175 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension often exposes patients to poor blood pressure (BP) control, resulting in clinical vulnerability, possible need for device-based procedures (denervation) and increased therapy costs. Regular exercise markedly benefits patients with hypertension, including resistant patients. However, little is known about short-term exercise effects in resistant hypertension. OBJECTIVE To evaluate acute hemodynamic effects of exercise in resistant hypertension. METHOD After maximal exercise testing, 20 patients (54.0 ± 5.7 years, 30.2 ± 4.9 kg/m) with resistant hypertension participated in three crossover interventions, in random order, and on separate days: control (45' of rest), and light intensity and moderate intensity (45' of aerobic exercise at 50 and 75% of maximum heart rate, respectively). Ambulatory BP, forearm blood flow (with subsequent calculation of vascular resistance), and reactive hyperemia were measured before and after interventions trough venous occlusion plethysmography. RESULTS Compared with control, both exercise intensities reduced ambulatory systolic pressure over 5 h (light: -7.7 ± 2.4 mmHg and moderate: -9.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, P < 0.01), whereas only light intensity reduced diastolic pressure (-5.7 ± 2.2 mmHg, P < 0.01). Light intensity also lowered systolic and diastolic pressures over 10-h daytime (-3.8 ± 1.3 and -4.0 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.02), night-time (-6.0 ± 2.4 and -6.1 ± 1.6 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05), and diastolic pressure over 19 h (-4.8 ± 1.2 mmHg, P < 0.01). Forearm blood flow changed (decreased) compared with baseline only at 50 min after light intensity (P < 0.05). After the control and light intensity sessions, vascular resistance increased at the end of 1 h, and after moderate intensity, it decreased only at the moment (∼2 min) immediately after intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A single session of light or moderate aerobic exercise acutely reduces ambulatory BP in resistant hypertension, although benefits persist longer following light intensity.
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17
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Brown MB, Neves E, Long G, Graber J, Gladish B, Wiseman A, Owens M, Fisher AJ, Presson RG, Petrache I, Kline J, Lahm T. High-intensity interval training, but not continuous training, reverses right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 312:R197-R210. [PMID: 27784688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00358.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is beneficial in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), although studies to date indicate little effect on the elevated pulmonary pressures or maladaptive right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy associated with the disease. For chronic left ventricle failure, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes greater endothelial stimulation and superior benefit than customary continuous exercise training (CExT); however, HIIT has not been tested for PAH. Therefore, here we investigated acute and chronic responses to HIIT vs. CExT in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced mild PAH. Six weeks of treadmill training (5 times/wk) were performed, as either 30 min HIIT or 60 min low-intensity CExT. To characterize acute hemodynamic responses to the two approaches, novel recordings of simultaneous pulmonary and systemic pressures during running were obtained at pre- and 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk post-MCT using long-term implantable telemetry. MCT-induced decrement in maximal aerobic capacity was ameliorated by both HIIT and CExT, with less pronounced pulmonary vascular remodeling and no increase in RV inflammation or apoptosis observed. Most importantly, only HIIT lowered RV systolic pressure, RV hypertrophy, and total pulmonary resistance, and prompted higher cardiac index that was complemented by a RV increase in the positive inotrope apelin and reduced fibrosis. HIIT prompted a markedly pulsatile pulmonary pressure during running and was associated with greater lung endothelial nitric oxide synthase after 6 wk. We conclude that HIIT may be superior to CExT for improving hemodynamics and maladaptive RV hypertrophy in PAH. HIIT's superior outcomes may be explained by more favorable pulmonary vascular endothelial adaptation to the pulsatile HIIT stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana;
| | - Evandro Neves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gary Long
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeremy Graber
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brett Gladish
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew Wiseman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew Owens
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert G Presson
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey Kline
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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18
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Bowen TS, Eisenkolb S, Drobner J, Fischer T, Werner S, Linke A, Mangner N, Schuler G, Adams V. High-intensity interval training prevents oxidant-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in hypertensive mice. FASEB J 2016; 31:60-71. [PMID: 27650398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for heart failure, with the latter characterized by diaphragm muscle weakness that is mediated in part by increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we used a deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt mouse model to determine whether hypertension could independently induce diaphragm dysfunction and further investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Sham-treated (n = 11), DOCA-salt-treated (n = 11), and DOCA-salt+HIIT-treated (n = 15) mice were studied over 4 wk. Diaphragm contractile function, protein expression, enzyme activity, and fiber cross-sectional area and type were subsequently determined. Elevated blood pressure confirmed hypertension in DOCA-salt mice independent of HIIT (P < 0.05). Diaphragm forces were impaired by ∼15-20% in DOCA-salt vs. sham-treated mice (P < 0.05), but this effect was prevented after HIIT. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression tended to decrease (∼30%; P = 0.06) in DOCA-salt vs. sham- and DOCA-salt+HIIT mice, whereas oxidative stress increased (P < 0.05). Enzyme activity of NADPH oxidase was higher, but superoxide dismutase was lower, with MyHC oxidation elevated by ∼50%. HIIT further prevented direct oxidant-mediated diaphragm contractile dysfunction (P < 0.05) after a 30 min exposure to H2O-2 (1 mM). Our data suggest that hypertension induces diaphragm contractile dysfunction via an oxidant-mediated mechanism that is prevented by HIIT.-Bowen, T. S., Eisenkolb, S., Drobner, J., Fischer, T., Werner, S., Linke, A., Mangner, N., Schuler, G., Adams, V. High-intensity interval training prevents oxidant-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in hypertensive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scott Bowen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Eisenkolb
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Drobner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Holloway TM, Spriet LL. CrossTalk opposing view: High intensity interval training does not have a role in risk reduction or treatment of disease. J Physiol 2015; 593:5219-21. [PMID: 26641011 DOI: 10.1113/jp271039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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20
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Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for Hypertension: A Prescription Update Integrating Existing Recommendations with Emerging Research. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 17:87. [PMID: 26423529 PMCID: PMC4589552 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common, costly, and preventable cardiovascular disease risk factor. Numerous professional organizations and committees recommend exercise as initial lifestyle therapy to prevent, treat, and control hypertension. Yet, these recommendations differ in the components of the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) principle of exercise prescription (Ex Rx); the evidence upon which they are based is only of fair methodological quality; and the individual studies upon which they are based generally do not include people with hypertension, which are some of the limitations in this literature. The purposes of this review are to (1) overview the professional exercise recommendations for hypertension in terms of the FITT principle of Ex Rx; (2) discuss new and emerging research related to Ex Rx for hypertension; and (3) present an updated FITT Ex Rx for adults with hypertension that integrates the existing recommendations with this new and emerging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Hayley V MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Lauren Lamberti
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT, 06269-1110, USA.
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd, U-1020, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
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