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Hoffschröer N, Laspoumaderes C, Zeis B, Tremblay N. Mitochondrial metabolism and respiration adjustments following temperature acclimation in Daphnia magna. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103761. [PMID: 38101164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal temperature changes and local variations in the water column challenge lentic zooplankton in their habitat. At the cellular level, exposure to varying temperatures affects the mitochondrial functional properties of poikilothermic organisms. Metabolic enzymes that supply reduced substrates to the electron transport chain and elements of the oxidative phosphorylation system must therefore adjust their activity and flux rates to the altered temperature conditions. In the present study, Daphnia magna respiration was analyzed in response to acute and chronic changes in ambient temperature. Oxygen consumption as well as substrate and electron flux rates were measured at the animals' acclimation temperature and at two additional acute temperatures. High activity of citrate synthase (CS) in cold-acclimated animals (10 °C) may have resulted from mitochondrial quantitative adjustments. However, thermal sensitivity of the functional properties of mitochondrial enzymes was greater in warm-acclimated animals (30 °C). In whole animals, temperature-induced changes were partly compensated by acclimation, but these changes were promoted by acclimation in the case of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Thus, respiration realised in whole animals was limited by the provision of reduced substrates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle rather than by restrictions of the respiratory chain complexes. This may minimize production of reactive oxygen species and resulting damage and reduce waste of substrates from the animals' energy reserves. Still, the integrated biomarker response indicated increased defense against oxidative stress at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hoffschröer
- Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, WWU, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Cecilia Laspoumaderes
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Germany; INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Bettina Zeis
- Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, WWU, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Germany; Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada.
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2
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Tao YD, Liu Y, Wan XS, Xu J, Fu DY, Zhang JZ. High and Low Temperatures Differentially Affect Survival, Reproduction, and Gene Transcription in Male and Female Moths of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2023; 14:958. [PMID: 38132631 PMCID: PMC10743771 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that both heat and cold stresses significantly affected the survival and reproduction of both sexes in Spodoptera frugiperda adults, with larvae showing relatively higher extreme temperature tolerance. Further transcriptomic analysis in adults found remarkable differences and similarities between sexes in terms of temperature stress responses. Metabolism-related processes were suppressed in heat stressed females, which did not occur to the same extend in males. Moreover, both heat and cold stress reduced immune activities in both sexes. Heat stress induced the upregulation of many heat shock proteins in both sexes, whereas the response to cold stress was insignificant. More cold tolerance-related genes, such as cuticle proteins, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1, were found upregulated in males, whereas most of these genes were downregulated in females. Moreover, a large number of fatty acid-related genes, such as fatty acid synthases and desaturases, were differentially expressed under heat and cold stresses in both sexes. Heat stress in females induced the upregulation of a large number of zinc finger proteins and reproduction-related genes; whereas cold stress induced downregulation in genes linked to reproduction. In addition, TRPA1-like encoding genes (which have functions involved in detecting temperature changes) and sex peptide receptor-like genes were found to be differentially expressed in stressed moths. These results indicate sex-specific heat and cold stress responses and adaptive mechanisms and suggest sex-specific trade-offs between stress-resistant progresses and fundamental metabolic processes as well as between survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Tao
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wan
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Jin Xu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
| | - Jun-Zhong Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.-D.T.); (D.-Y.F.)
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Topuz M, Kır M. Critical temperatures and aerobic metabolism in post-larvae of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:607-614. [PMID: 37823906 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing water temperature because of climate change decreases the oxygen concentration while increasing the oxygen requirement of species in aquatic environments. Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the physiological functions of organisms, especially poikilothermic animals, such as shrimp at all levels. In intensive shrimp culture, it is of great importance to know the tolerable temperature range of cultured species and their metabolism since this affects the physiological condition. In this study, critical temperatures (CTM: CTmin and CTmax) of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, post-larvae (PL), were determined at different acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Lower and upper incipient lethal temperatures (ILT: LILT and UILT) were also calculated for the PL. The thermal windows of the PL were developed using the CTM and ILT values. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of the PL was determined based on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at the different acclimation temperatures mentioned above. The acclimation temperature had a subsequent effect on the thermal tolerance and SMR of the PL (P < 0.01). The PLs of Pacific white shrimp have high thermal tolerance and can survive at extreme temperatures (CTmin and CTmax: 8.2-43.8 °C) with their large dynamic and static thermal window areas of 1128 and 931 °C2, respectively. The optimal temperature range for Pacific white shrimp PLs is the 25-30 °C range, where a decrease in SMR is determined with increasing temperature. The result of this study reveals that a range of 25-30 °C is optimal for effective PL culture of Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Topuz
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, 48000, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kır
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, 48000, Mugla, Turkey.
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Zhang L, Zhang YY, Ma LX, Dong YW. Evaluation of species thermal sensitivity with individual-based physiological performance. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106212. [PMID: 37812948 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ignoring intraspecific variations can prevent us from accurately assessing species' thermal sensitivity to global warming. Individual-based physiological performance provides a feasible solution to depict species' thermal sensitivity using a bottom-up approach. We measured the cardiac performance of intertidal bivalves (1159 individuals from multiple populations of six bivalves), determined the upper thermal limit of each individual, calculated the proportions of individuals suffering sublethal/lethal heat stress, and mapped sensitive regions to high temperatures. Results showed that high inter-individual variations of physiological performance existed in levels of populations and species, and species' thermal sensitivity was positively related to the intraspecific variations of heat tolerance. This bottom-up approach scaled up from individual, population to species emphasizes the importance of individual-based physiology performance in assessing thermal sensitivity across different hierarchical levels and enables better evaluating and forecasting of species responses to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Ma
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China.
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Louis F, Rioult D, Rocher B, Gaillet V, Delahaut L, Paris-Palacios S, David E. Dreissena polymorpha responses under thermal and hypoxic stress: New insights in the tolerance of this freshwater sentinel species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106586. [PMID: 37247577 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dreissena polymorpha is a sentinel freshwater mussel providing key functional ecosystemic services like nutrient recycling and suspended matter filtration. Global warming and especially extreme events imply rapid fluctuations of environmental parameters that sessile organisms could not escape. The increase occurrence of heat waves and the subsequent expansion of hypoxic areas could challenge the survival of mussels. This study provided a deeper knowledge of energy management and cellular function during thermal (+15 °C) or hypoxic (30% of dissolved oxygen saturation) stress for 7 days. A potential metabolic rate depression was highlighted in D. polymorpha under hypoxia through a decline in the mitochondrial activity and a constant AMP content over time. A contrasted pattern of response was observed in thermal-stressed mussels between 24 h and 7 days of exposure. A global increase of metabolic activity was noticed in mussels after 24 h while a return to control level was noticed at the end of the experiment. Although D. polymorpha is considered as a temperature tolerant species, a significant increase of ADP:ATP ratio, related to a decrease of mitochondrial activity and density, suggested an overwhelming of organisms. This study pointed to the importance of considering time of exposure to natural factor variations in tolerance window of organisms in a long-term changing environment. The apparent short-term tolerance of D. polymorpha could hide much more deleterious consequences, i.e. mortality, if abiotic stresses persist, as suggested by climate change models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Louis
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France; Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne/INERIS, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Béatrice Rocher
- Université Le Havre Normandie (ULHN), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 25 rue Philippe Le Bon, Le Havre, 76600, France
| | - Véronique Gaillet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Laurence Delahaut
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Séverine Paris-Palacios
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Elise David
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France.
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Dwane C, Rezende EL, Tills O, Galindo J, Rolán-Alvarez E, Rundle S, Truebano M. Thermodynamic effects drive countergradient responses in the thermal performance of Littorina saxatilis across latitude. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160877. [PMID: 36521622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) provide a powerful framework to assess the evolution of thermal sensitivity in populations exposed to divergent selection regimes across latitude. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the extent to which physiological adjustments that compensate for latitudinal temperature variation (metabolic cold adaptation; MCA) may alter the shape of TPCs, including potential repercussion on upper thermal limits. To address this, we compared TPCs for cardiac activity in latitudinally-separated populations of the intertidal periwinkle Littorina saxatilis. We applied a non-linear TPC modelling approach to explore how different metrics governing the shape of TPCs varied systematically in response to local adaptation and thermal acclimation. Both critical upper limits, and the temperatures at which cardiac performance was maximised, were higher in the northernmost (cold-adapted) population and displayed a countergradient latitudinal trend which was most pronounced following acclimation to low temperatures. We interpret this response as a knock-on consequence of increased standard metabolic rate in high latitude populations, indicating that physiological compensation associated with MCA may indirectly influence variation in upper thermal limits across latitude. Our study highlights the danger of assuming that variation in any one aspect of the TPC is adaptive without appropriate mechanistic and ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dwane
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Juan Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Rolán-Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Simon Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Thermal optimality and physiological parameters inferred from experimental studies scale latitudinally with marine species occurrences. J Therm Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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8
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Kır M, Sunar MC, Topuz M, Sarıipek M. Thermal acclimation capacity and standard metabolism of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at different temperature and salinity combinations. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103429. [PMID: 36796886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, rising temperatures reduce the oxygen content of the water while increasing the oxygen demand of organisms. In intensive shrimp culture, it is of great importance to know the thermal tolerance of cultured species and their oxygen consumption since this affects the physiological condition. In this study, the thermal tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei was determined by dynamic and static thermal methodologies at different acclimation temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and salinities (10, 20, and 30 ppt). The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was also measured to determine the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of shrimp. Acclimation temperature significantly affected the thermal tolerance and SMR of Litopenaeus vannamei (P < 0.01). Salinity had a large effect on SMR (P < 0.01) but did not influence the thermal acclimation of the shrimp (P > 0.01). Litopenaeus vannamei is a species that has high thermal tolerance and can survive at extreme temperatures (CTmin-CTmax: 7.2-41.9 °C) with its large dynamic (988, 992, and 1004 °C2) and static thermal polygon areas (748, 778 and 777 °C2) developed at the above temperature and salinity combinations and resistance zone (1001, 81 and 82 °C2). The optimal temperature range of Litopenaeus vannamei is the 25-30 °C range, where a decrease in standard metabolism is determined with increasing temperature. Given the SMR and optimal temperature range, the results of this study indicate that Litopenaeus vannamei should be cultured at 25-30 °C for effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kır
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Murat Can Sunar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Topuz
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Merve Sarıipek
- Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, 57000, Akliman, Sinop, Turkey
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Baag S, Mandal S. Do global environmental drivers' ocean acidification and warming exacerbate the effects of oil pollution on the physiological energetics of Scylla serrata? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23213-23224. [PMID: 36318414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change-induced ocean warming and acidification have complex reverberations on the physiological functioning of marine ectotherms. The Sundarbans estuarine system has been under threat for the past few decades due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. In recent years, petroleum products' transportation and their usage have increased manifold, which causes accidental oil spills. The mud crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the most commercially exploited species in the Sundarbans. The key objective of this study was to delineate whether rearing under global environmental drivers (ocean acidification and warming) exacerbates the effect of a local driver (oil pollution) on the physiological energetics of mud crab (Scylla serrata) from the Sundarbans estuarine system. Animals were reared separately for 30 days under (a) the current climatic scenario (pH 8.1, 28°C) and (b) the predicted climate change scenario (pH 7.7, 34°C). After rearing for 30 days, 50% of the animals from each treatment were exposed to 5 mg L-1 of marine diesel oil for the next 24 h. Physiological energetics (ingestion rate, absorption rate, respiration rate, excretion rate, and scope for growth), thermal performance, thermal critical maxima (CTmax), acclimation response ratio (ARR), Arrhenius activation energy (AAE), temperature coefficient (Q10), warming tolerance (WT), and thermal safety margin (TSM) were evaluated. Ingestion and absorption rates were significantly reduced, whereas respiration and ammonia excretion rates significantly increased in stressful treatments, resulting in a significantly lower scope for growth. A profound impact on thermal performance was also noticed, leading to a downward shift in CTmax value for stress-acclimated treatment. The present results clearly highlighted the detrimental combined effect of global climatic stressors and pollution on the physiological energetics of crabs that might potentially reduce their population and affect coastal aquaculture in forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Ebner JN, Ritz D, von Fumetti S. Thermal acclimation results in persistent phosphoproteome changes in the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina (Tricladida: Planariidae). J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Li AJ, Zhou GJ, Lai RWS, Leung PTY, Wu CC, Zeng EY, Lui GCS, Leung KMY. Extreme cold or warm events can potentially exacerbate chemical toxicity to the marine medaka fish Oryzias melastigma. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106226. [PMID: 35738209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are currently subjected to dual stresses of chemical pollution and climate change. Through a series of laboratory experiments, this study investigated the impact of exposure to chemical contaminant such as DDT or copper (Cu), in combination with cold or warm temperature extremes on the marine medaka fish Oryzias melastigma. The results showed that extreme seawater temperatures (i.e., 15 and 32 °C in sub-tropical Hong Kong) exacerbated adverse chemical impacts on the growth performance of O. melastigma, in particular at the high thermal extreme. This was likely associated with an interruption of oxygen consumption and aerobic scope. Most importantly, the results of acclimation experiments, as reflected by thermal tolerance polygons, showed that chemical exposure substantially narrowed the thermal tolerance of the medaka, making them more vulnerable to temperature changes and extreme thermal events. Under dual stresses of thermal extremes and chemical exposure, the medaka switched their metabolic pathway to anaerobic respiration that might deplete their energy reserve for chemical detoxification. Although stress proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSP90) were up-regulated for cellular protection in the fish, such a defensive mechanism was repressed with intensifying dual stresses at high temperature and high chemical concentration. Bioconcentration of DDT or Cu generally increased with increasing temperature and its exposure concentration. Overall, these complex chemical-temperature interactions concomitantly exerted a concerted adverse impact to O. melastigma. The temperature-dependent toxicity of DDT or Cu shown in this study clearly demonstrated the potential challenge brought by the risk of chemical pollution under the impact of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela J Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Colleage of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Racliffe W S Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen C Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gilbert C S Lui
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Leiva L, Tremblay N, Torres G, Boersma M, Krone R, Giménez L. European Lobster Larval Development and Fitness Under a Temperature Gradient and Ocean Acidification. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809929. [PMID: 35910579 PMCID: PMC9333128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change combined with anthropogenic stressors (e.g. overfishing, habitat destruction) may have particularly strong effects on threatened populations of coastal invertebrates. The collapse of the population of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) around Helgoland constitutes a good example and prompted a large-scale restocking program. The question arises if recruitment of remaining natural individuals and program-released specimens could be stunted by ongoing climate change. We examined the joint effect of ocean warming and acidification on survival, development, morphology, energy metabolism and enzymatic antioxidant activity of the larval stages of the European lobster. Larvae from four independent hatches were reared from stage I to III under a gradient of 10 seawater temperatures (13–24°C) combined with moderate (∼470 µatm) and elevated (∼1160 µatm) seawater pCO2 treatments. Those treatments correspond to the shared socio-economic pathways (SSP), SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 (i.e. the low and the very high greenhouse gas emissions respectively) projected for 2100 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Larvae under the elevated pCO2 treatment had not only lower survival rates, but also significantly smaller rostrum length. However, temperature was the main driver of energy demands with increased oxygen consumption rates and elemental C:N ratio towards warmer temperatures, with a reducing effect on development time. Using this large temperature gradient, we provide a more precise insight on the aerobic thermal window trade-offs of lobster larvae and whether exposure to the worst hypercapnia scenario may narrow it. This may have repercussions on the recruitment of the remaining natural and program-released specimens and thus, in the enhancement success of future lobster stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leiva
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Laura Leiva,
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gabriela Torres
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- FB2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland Krone
- Reefauna - Spezialisten für Rifftiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Sandfeld T, Malmos KG, Nielsen CB, Lund MB, Aagaard A, Bechsgaard J, Wurster M, Lalk M, Johannsen M, Vosegaard T, Bilde T, Schramm A. Metabolite Profiling of the Social Spider Stegodyphus dumicola Along a Climate Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.841490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals experience climatic variation in their natural habitats, which may lead to variation in phenotypic responses among populations through local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. In ectotherm arthropods, the expression of thermoprotective metabolites such as free amino acids, sugars, and polyols, in response to temperature stress, may facilitate temperature tolerance by regulating cellular homeostasis. If populations experience differences in temperatures, individuals may exhibit population-specific metabolite profiles through differential accumulation of metabolites that facilitate thermal tolerance. Such thermoprotective metabolites may originate from the animals themselves or from their associated microbiome, and hence microbial symbionts may contribute to shape the thermal niche of their host. The social spider Stegodyphus dumicola has extremely low genetic diversity, yet it occupies a relatively broad temperature range occurring across multiple climate zones in Southern Africa. We investigated whether the metabolome, including thermoprotective metabolites, differs between populations, and whether population genetic structure or the spider microbiome may explain potential differences. To address these questions, we assessed metabolite profiles, phylogenetic relationships, and microbiomes in three natural populations along a temperature gradient. The spider microbiomes in three genetically distinct populations of S. dumicola showed no significant population-specific pattern, and none of its dominating genera (Borrelia, Diplorickettsia, and Mycoplasma) are known to facilitate thermal tolerance in hosts. These results do not support a role of the microbiome in shaping the thermal niche of S. dumicola. Metabolite profiles of the three spider populations were significantly different. The variation was driven by multiple metabolites that can be linked to temperature stress (e.g., lactate, succinate, or xanthine) and thermal tolerance (e.g., polyols, trehalose, or glycerol): these metabolites had higher relative abundance in spiders from the hottest geographic region. These distinct metabolite profiles are consistent with a potential role of the metabolome in temperature response.
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14
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Metabolic plasticity improves lobster's resilience to ocean warming but not to climate-driven novel species interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4412. [PMID: 35292683 PMCID: PMC8924167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine species not only suffer from direct effects of warming oceans but also indirectly via the emergence of novel species interactions. While metabolic adjustments can be crucial to improve resilience to warming, it is largely unknown if this improves performance relative to novel competitors. We aimed to identify if spiny lobsters—inhabiting a global warming and species re-distribution hotspot—align their metabolic performance to improve resilience to both warming and novel species interactions. We measured metabolic and escape capacity of two Australian spiny lobsters, resident Jasus edwardsii and the range-shifting Sagmariasus verreauxi, acclimated to current average—(14.0 °C), current summer—(17.5 °C) and projected future summer—(21.5 °C) habitat temperatures. We found that both species decreased their standard metabolic rate with increased acclimation temperature, while sustaining their scope for aerobic metabolism. However, the resident lobster showed reduced anaerobic escape performance at warmer temperatures and failed to match the metabolic capacity of the range-shifting lobster. We conclude that although resident spiny lobsters optimise metabolism in response to seasonal and future temperature changes, they may be unable to physiologically outperform their range-shifting competitors. This highlights the critical importance of exploring direct as well as indirect effects of temperature changes to understand climate change impacts.
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15
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Roche DG, Raby GD, Norin T, Ern R, Scheuffele H, Skeeles M, Morgan R, Andreassen AH, Clements JC, Louissaint S, Jutfelt F, Clark TD, Binning SA. Paths towards greater consensus building in experimental biology. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274263. [PMID: 35258604 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In a recent editorial, the Editors-in-Chief of Journal of Experimental Biology argued that consensus building, data sharing, and better integration across disciplines are needed to address the urgent scientific challenges posed by climate change. We agree and expand on the importance of cross-disciplinary integration and transparency to improve consensus building and advance climate change research in experimental biology. We investigated reproducible research practices in experimental biology through a review of open data and analysis code associated with empirical studies on three debated paradigms and for unrelated studies published in leading journals in comparative physiology and behavioural ecology over the last 10 years. Nineteen per cent of studies on the three paradigms had open data, and 3.2% had open code. Similarly, 12.1% of studies in the journals we examined had open data, and 3.1% had open code. Previous research indicates that only 50% of shared datasets are complete and re-usable, suggesting that fewer than 10% of studies in experimental biology have usable open data. Encouragingly, our results indicate that reproducible research practices are increasing over time, with data sharing rates in some journals reaching 75% in recent years. Rigorous empirical research in experimental biology is key to understanding the mechanisms by which climate change affects organisms, and ultimately promotes evidence-based conservation policy and practice. We argue that a greater adoption of open science practices, with a particular focus on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) data and code, represents a much-needed paradigm shift towards improved transparency, cross-disciplinary integration, and consensus building to maximize the contributions of experimental biologists in addressing the impacts of environmental change on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G Roche
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6.,Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ern
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Skeeles
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Rachael Morgan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna H Andreassen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeff C Clements
- Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Region, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 9B6
| | - Sarahdghyn Louissaint
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
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16
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Boutet I, Lacroix C, Devin S, Tanguy A, Moraga D, Auffret M. Does the environmental history of mussels have an effect on the physiological response to additional stress under experimental conditions? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:149925. [PMID: 34555605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Expected effects on marine biota of the ongoing elevation of water temperature and high latitudes is of major concern when considering the reliability of coastal ecosystem production. To compare the capacity of coastal organisms to cope with a temperature increase depending on their environmental history, responses of adult blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) taken from two sites differentially exposed to chemical pollution were investigated during an experimental exposure to a thermal stress. Immune parameters were notably altered by extreme warming and transcriptional changes for a broad selection of genes were associated to the temperature increase following a two-step response pattern. Site-specific responses suggested an influence of environmental history and support the possibility of a genetic basis in the physiological response. However no meaningful difference was detected between the response of hybrids and M galloprovincialis. This study brings new information about the capacity of mussels to cope with the ongoing elevation of water temperature in these coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (UMR 7144 AD2M CNRS-Sorbonne Université), Place Georges Tessier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire de Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539 LEMAR CNRS-UBO-IFREMER-IRD), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE Conseil et Expertise en Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 Rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Simon Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (UMR 7360 LIEC CNRS-Université de Lorraine), 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz. France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (UMR 7144 AD2M CNRS-Sorbonne Université), Place Georges Tessier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Dario Moraga
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire de Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539 LEMAR CNRS-UBO-IFREMER-IRD), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Auffret
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire de Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539 LEMAR CNRS-UBO-IFREMER-IRD), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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17
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Ismailov II, Scharping JB, Andreeva IE, Friedlander MJ. Antarctic teleosts with and without hemoglobin behaviorally mitigate deleterious effects of acute environmental warming. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252359. [PMID: 34818342 PMCID: PMC8612528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies forecast that many ectothermic animals, especially aquatic stenotherms, may not be able to thrive or even survive predicted climate change. These projections, however, generally do not call much attention to the role of behavior, an essential thermoregulatory mechanism of many ectotherms. Here we characterize species-specific locomotor and respiratory responses to acute ambient warming in two highly stenothermic Antarctic Notothenioid fishes, one of which (Chaenocephalus aceratus) lacks hemoglobin and appears to be less tolerant to thermal stress as compared to the other (Notothenia coriiceps), which expresses hemoglobin. At the onset of ambient warming, both species perform distinct locomotor maneuvers that appear to include avoidance reactions. In response to unavoidable progressive hyperthermia, fishes demonstrate a range of species-specific maneuvers, all of which appear to provide some mitigation of the deleterious effects of obligatory thermoconformation and to compensate for increasing metabolic demand by enhancing the efficacy of branchial respiration. As temperature continues to rise, Chaenocephalus aceratus supplements these behaviors with intensive pectoral fin fanning which may facilitate cutaneous respiration through its scaleless integument, and Notothenia coriiceps manifests respiratory-locomotor coupling during repetitive startle-like maneuvers which may further augment gill ventilation. The latter behaviors, found only in Notothenia coriiceps, have highly stereotyped appearance resembling Fixed Action Pattern sequences. Altogether, this behavioral flexibility could contribute to the reduction of the detrimental effects of acute thermal stress within a limited thermal range. In an ecologically relevant setting, this may enable efficient thermoregulation of fishes by habitat selection, thus facilitating their resilience in persistent environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskander I Ismailov
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jordan B Scharping
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Iraida E Andreeva
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael J Friedlander
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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18
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Dong YW, Liao ML, Han GD, Somero GN. An integrated, multi-level analysis of thermal effects on intertidal molluscs for understanding species distribution patterns. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:554-581. [PMID: 34713568 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that underlie thermal stress and discovering how species differ in capacities for phenotypic acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to this stress is critical for understanding current latitudinal and vertical distribution patterns of species and for predicting their future state in a warming world. Such mechanistic analyses require careful choice of study systems (species and temperature-sensitive traits) and design of laboratory experiments that reflect the complexities of in situ conditions. Here, we critically review a wide range of studies of intertidal molluscs that provide mechanistic accounts of thermal effects across all levels of biological organization - behavioural, organismal, organ level, cellular, molecular, and genomic - and show how temperature-sensitive traits govern distribution patterns and capacities for coping with thermal stress. Comparisons of congeners from different thermal habitats are especially effective means for identifying adaptive variation. We employ these mechanistic analyses to illustrate how species differ in the severity of threats posed by rising temperature. Counterintuitively, we show that some of the most heat-tolerant species may be most threatened by increases in temperatures because of their small thermal safety margins and minimal abilities to acclimatize to higher temperatures. We discuss recent molecular biological and genomic studies that provide critical foundations for understanding the types of evolutionary changes in protein structure, RNA secondary structure, genome content, and gene expression capacities that underlie adaptation to temperature. Duplication of stress-related genes, as found in heat-tolerant molluscs, may provide enhanced capacity for coping with higher temperatures. We propose that the anatomical, behavioural, physiological, and genomic diversity found among intertidal molluscs, which commonly are of critical importance and high abundance in these ecosystems, makes this group of animals a highly appropriate study system for addressing questions about the mechanistic determinants of current and future distribution patterns of intertidal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Ming-Ling Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Dong Han
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, U.S.A
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19
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Manríquez N, Bacigalupe LD, Lardies MA. Variable Environments in an Upwelling System Trigger Differential Thermal Sensitivity in a Low Intertidal Chiton. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.753486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variability in coastal oceans associated with upwelling dynamics probably is one of the most pervasive forces affecting the physiological performance of marine life. As the environmental temperature is the abiotic factor with major incidence in the physiology and ecology of marine ectotherms, the abrupt temperature changes in upwelling systems could generate important variations in these organisms’ functional processes. The relationship between ambient temperature and physiological performance can be described through a thermal performance curve (TPC). The parameters of this curve usually show geographic variation usually is in accordance with the predictions of the climate variability hypothesis (CVH), which states that organisms inhabiting more variable environments should have broader ranges of environmental tolerance in order to cope with the fluctuating environmental conditions they experience. Here we study the effect generated by the environmental variability in an active upwelling zone on the physiological performance of the marine ectotherm Achanthopleura echinata. In particular, we compared the parameters of the TPC and the metabolic rate of two populations of A. echinata, one found in high semi-permanent upwelling (Talcaruca), while the other is situated in an adjacent area with seasonal upwelling (Los Molles) and therefore more stable environmental conditions. Our results show that: (1) oxygen consumption increases with body size and this effect is more significant in individuals from the Talcaruca population, (2) optimal temperature, thermal breadth, upper critical limit and maximum performance were higher in the population located in the area of high environmental heterogeneity and (3) individuals from Talcaruca showed greater variance in optimal temperature, thermal breadth, upper critical limit but not in maximum performance. Although it is clear that a variable environment affects the thermal physiology of organisms, expanding their tolerance ranges and generating energy costs in the performance of individuals, it is relevant to note that upwelling systems are multifactorial phenomena where the rise of water masses modifies not only temperature, but also decreases O2, pH, and increases pCO2 which in turn could modify metabolism and TPC.
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20
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Claunch NM, Goodman C, Reed RN, Guralnick R, Romagosa CM, Taylor EN. Invaders from islands: thermal matching, potential or flexibility? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Native-range thermal constraints may not reflect the geographical distributions of species introduced from native island ranges in part due to rapid physiological adaptation in species introduced to new environments. Correlative ecological niche models may thus underestimate potential invasive distributions of species from islands. The northern curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus) is established in Florida, including populations north of its native range. Competing hypotheses may explain this distribution: Thermal Matching (distribution reflects thermal conditions of the native range), Thermal Potential (species tolerates thermal extremes absent in the native range) and/or Thermal Flexibility (thermal tolerance reflects local thermal extremes). We rejected the Thermal Matching hypothesis by comparing ecological niche models developed from native vs. native plus invasive distributions; L. carinatus exists in areas of low suitability in Florida as predicted by the native-distribution model. We then compared critical thermal limits of L. carinatus from two non-native populations to evaluate the Thermal Potential and Flexibility hypotheses: one matching native range latitudes, and another 160 km north of the native range that experiences more frequent cold weather events. Critical thermal minima in the northern population were lower than in the south, supporting the Thermal Flexibility hypothesis, whereas critical thermal maxima did not differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Claunch
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Colin Goodman
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert N Reed
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai’i National Park, HI, USA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina M Romagosa
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily N Taylor
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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21
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Sanger TJ. Integrative developmental biology in the age of anthropogenic change. Evol Dev 2021; 23:320-332. [PMID: 33848387 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans are changing and challenging nature in many ways. Conservation Biology seeks to limit human impacts on nature and preserve biological diversity. Traditionally, Developmental Biology and Conservation Biology have had nonoverlapping objectives, operating in distinct spheres of biological science. However, this chasm can and should be filled to help combat the emerging challenges of the 21st century. The means by which to accomplish this goal were already established within the conceptual framework of evo- and eco-devo and can be further expanded to address the ways that anthropogenic disturbance affect embryonic development. Herein, I describe ways that these approaches can be used to advance the study of reptilian embryos. More specifically, I explore the ways that a developmental perspective can advance ongoing studies of embryonic physiology in the context of global warming and chemical pollution, both of which are known stressors of reptilian embryos. I emphasize ways that these developmental perspectives can inform conservation biologists trying to develop management practices that will address the complexity of challenges facing reptilian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sanger
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Vorsatz LD, Pattrick P, Porri F. Fine-scale conditions across mangrove microhabitats and larval ontogeny contributes to the thermal physiology of early stage brachyurans (Crustacea: Decapoda). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab010. [PMID: 33927883 PMCID: PMC8059134 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most marine ectotherms require the successful completion of a biphasic larval stage to recruit into adult populations. Recruitment of larvae into benthic habitats largely depends on biological interactions and favourable environmental conditions such as the inescapable diurnal thermal and tidal exposures. Hence, assessing how different taxa metabolically respond to variations in temperature is imperative to understand the community and ecosystem dynamics at both local and global scales. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute temperature variation on the physiology of stage-specific brachyuran larvae collected from different microhabitats at two mangrove forests in South Africa. Results indicate that the conditions within microhabitats, which larvae experience, likely influence their physiology, based on respirometry, to short-term acute temperature exposures. Furthermore, the larval thermal optimum shifted ontogenetically to become increasingly eurythermic as individuals developed from stage I zoea through to megalopa. Mangrove crab larvae in their early stages are hence increasingly vulnerable to acute temperature exposures, which could be particularly harmful to the persistence of populations if thermally stressful events increase in magnitude and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Vorsatz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and the Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - P Pattrick
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Elwandle Coastal Node, Port Elizabeth 6070, South Africa
| | - F Porri
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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23
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Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4562. [PMID: 33633174 PMCID: PMC7907238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6-23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d-1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6-3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.
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24
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Pörtner HO. Climate impacts on organisms, ecosystems and human societies: integrating OCLTT into a wider context. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238360. [PMID: 33627467 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological studies contribute to a cause and effect understanding of ecological patterns under climate change and identify the scope and limits of adaptation. Across most habitats, this requires analyzing organism responses to warming, which can be modified by other drivers such as acidification and oxygen loss in aquatic environments or excess humidity or drought on land. Experimental findings support the hypothesis that the width and temperature range of thermal performance curves relate to biogeographical range. Current warming causes range shifts, hypothesized to include constraints in aerobic power budget which in turn are elicited by limitations in oxygen supply capacity in relation to demand. Different metabolic scopes involved may set the borders of both the fundamental niche (at standard metabolic rate) and the realized niche (at routine rate). Relative scopes for aerobic performance also set the capacity of species to interact with others at the ecosystem level. Niche limits and widths are shifting and probably interdependent across life stages, with young adults being least thermally vulnerable. The principles of thermal tolerance and performance may also apply to endotherms including humans, their habitat and human society. Overall, phylogenetically based comparisons would need to consider the life cycle of species as well as organism functional properties across climate zones and time scales. This Review concludes with a perspective on how mechanism-based understanding allows scrutinizing often simplified modeling approaches projecting future climate impacts and risks for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It also emphasizes the usefulness of a consensus-building process among experimentalists for better recognition in the climate debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-O Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology section, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, 27570 Bremetrhaven, Germany
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25
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Maus B, Gutsfeld S, Bock C, Pörtner HO. Non-invasive MRI Studies of Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Performance in Edible Crabs Cancer pagurus During Warming Under Elevated CO 2 Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596529. [PMID: 33505316 PMCID: PMC7831881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal tolerance of marine decapod crustacea is defined through their capacities for oxygen uptake and distribution. High ambient CO2 levels were previously shown to reduce hemolymph oxygen levels at enhanced cardiac performance during warming. This study investigated the impacts of warming under two CO2 levels on ventilation and hemolymph circulation in edible crabs Cancer pagurus. It also highlights changes in the ventilatory and cardiac pauses displayed by Decapoda under routine metabolism. Animals were exposed to step-wise, sub-critical warming (12–20°C over 5 days) under control (470 μatm) and high (1,350 μatm) water PCO2. Flow-through respirometry was combined with magnetic resonance imaging and infra-red photoplethysmography to allow for simultaneous, non-invasive measurements of metabolic rates (M˙O2), ventilation and cardiovascular performance. Crabs spent significantly more time in a low M˙O2 state (metabolic pause), when experiencing high CO2 conditions above 16°C, compared to normocapnic warming. Heart rates leveled off beyond 18°C at any CO2 level. Cardiac output continued to increase with high-CO2-warming, due to elevated cardiac stroke volumes. Consequently, temperature-dependent branchial hemolymph flow remained unaffected by CO2. Instead, a suppressing effect of CO2 on ventilation was found beyond 16°C. These results indicate constrained oxygen uptake at stable cardiovascular performance in a decapod crustacean. Cancer pagurus: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B750F89A-84B5-448B-8D80-EBD724A1C9D4
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Maus
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gutsfeld
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Impact of elevated temperature on physiological energetics of Penaeus monodon post larvae: A mesocosm study. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102829. [PMID: 33863424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change induced warming has profound repercussion on physiological performances of marine animals. The Indian Sundarban is one of the best nursery grounds for various shrimp populations which need estuarine realm to complete their bipartite life cycle. From last couple of decades, a clear indication of temperature escalation has been identified in Sundarban. In the present study, we have assessed the physiological energetics of Penaeus monodon post larvae from Indian Sundarban under different temperatures, 28 °C (annual average habitat temperature) and elevated temperatures 30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C in a month long mesocosm experiment. Significant alterations were observed in growth performances as well as physiological energetics. The length, weight, survival percentages, ingestion rates were reduced, howbeit respiration and ammonia excretion rate had been increased in elevated temperature treatments culminating in a negative Scope for Growth. PERMANOVA results showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) variation in different physiological performances of shrimp post larvae both in different temperature treatments and days of exposure. The present results clearly highlighted the detrimental effect of elevated temperature on physiological energetics of shrimp larvae that might potentially reduce shrimp population and affect the coastal fishery.
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Funk DH, Sweeney BW, Jackson JK. Oxygen limitation fails to explain upper chronic thermal limits and the temperature size rule in mayflies. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233338. [PMID: 33288530 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An inability to adequately meet tissue oxygen demands has been proposed as an important factor setting upper thermal limits in ectothermic invertebrates (especially aquatic species) as well as explaining the observed decline in adult size with increased rearing temperature during the immature stages (a phenomenon known as the temperature size rule, or TSR). We tested this by rearing three aquatic insects (the mayflies Neocloeon triangulifer and two species of the Cloeon dipterum complex) through their entire larval life under a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations. Hyperoxia did not extend upper thermal limits, nor did it prevent the loss of size or fertility experienced near upper chronic thermal limits. At moderate temperatures, the TSR pattern was observed under conditions of hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia, suggesting little or no influence of oxygen on this trend. However, for a given rearing temperature, adults were smaller and less fecund under hypoxia as a result of a lowering of growth rates. These mayflies greatly increased the size of their gills in response to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations but not under oxygen-saturated conditions over a temperature range yielding the classic TSR response. Using ommatidium diameter as a proxy for cell size, we found the classic TSR pattern observed under moderate temperature conditions was due primarily to a change in the number of cells rather than cell size. We conclude overall that a failure to meet tissue oxygen demands is not a viable hypothesis for explaining either the chronic thermal limit or TSR pattern in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Funk
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA 19311, USA
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Hews S, Allen Z, Baxter A, Rich J, Sheikh Z, Taylor K, Wu J, Zakoul H, Brodie R. Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244458. [PMID: 33406524 PMCID: PMC7787712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hews
- School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Zahkeyah Allen
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Baxter
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacquline Rich
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Zahida Sheikh
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Kayla Taylor
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Jenny Wu
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Heidi Zakoul
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
| | - Renae Brodie
- Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ángeles-González LE, Lima FD, Caamal-Monsreal C, Díaz F, Rosas C. Exploring the effects of warming seas by using the optimal and pejus temperatures of the embryo of three Octopoda species in the Gulf of Mexico. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102753. [PMID: 33292994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using data related to thermal optimal and pejus of the embryos of Octopus americanus from Brazil and O. insularis and O. maya from Mexico, this study aimed to project the potential distribution areas in the Gulf of Mexico and predict distribution shifts under different Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP 6 and 8.5) for the years 2050 and 2100. The different thermal tolerances elicited different responses to current and future scenarios. In this sense, O. insularis and O. maya thermal niches stretch from the Caribbean to Florida. Nevertheless, O. insularis may inhabit warmer areas than O. maya. Surprisingly, no area was considered thermally habitable for O. americanus, which could have been associated with the use of data of populations thermally adapted to temperate conditions south of Brazil. According to models, a warming scenario would cause a restriction of the available thermal niche of O. maya, while O. insularis could expand under RCP 6 scenarios. This restriction was more substantial in the RCP 8.5 scenario. Nevertheless, under the RCP 8.5 scenario, the temperature in 2100 may negatively affect even O. insularis, the species most thermal tolerant. If our results are accurate, the fishing yield of O. insularis will increase in the future, replacing the heavily exploited O. maya in the coasts of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Regarding O. americanus, no inference might be made until thermal tolerances of locally adapted populations can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Ángeles-González
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Ecología Geográfica. Unidad de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, UMDI-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Yucatán, Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (CONACYT-Fac. de Ciencias, UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, 97356 Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Françoise D Lima
- Laboratory of Systematics and Evolutionary Ichthyology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (CONACYT-Fac. de Ciencias, UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, 97356 Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Abstract
Temperature is a critical abiotic factor shaping the distribution and abundance of species, but the mechanisms that underpin organismal thermal limits remain poorly understood. One possible mechanism underlying these limits is the failure of mitochondrial processes, as mitochondria play a crucial role in animals as the primary site of ATP production. Conventional measures of mitochondrial performance suggest that these organelles can function at temperatures much higher than those that limit whole-organism function, suggesting that they are unlikely to set organismal thermal limits. However, this conclusion is challenged by recent data connecting sequence variation in mitochondrial genes to whole-organism thermal tolerance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of mitochondrial responses to thermal extremes and ask whether they are consistent with a role for mitochondrial function in shaping whole-organism thermal limits. The available data are fragmentary, but it is possible to draw some conclusions. There is little evidence that failure of maximal mitochondrial oxidative capacity as assessed in vitro sets thermal limits, but there is some evidence to suggest that temperature effects on ATP synthetic capacity may be important. Several studies suggest that loss of mitochondrial coupling is associated with the thermal limits for organismal growth, although this needs to be rigorously tested. Most studies have utilized isolated mitochondrial preparations to assess the effects of temperature on these organelles, and there remain many untapped opportunities to address these questions using preparations that retain more of their biological context to better connect these subcellular processes with whole-organism thermal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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31
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Ern R, Chung D, Frieder CA, Madsen N, Speers-Roesch B. Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in crustaceans from different thermal habitats. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102732. [PMID: 33077143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) is the temperature at which animals exhibit loss of motor response because of a temperature-induced collapse of vital physiological systems. A central mechanism hypothesised to underlie the CTMAX of water-breathing ectotherms is insufficient tissue oxygen supply for vital maintenance functions because of a temperature-induced collapse of the cardiorespiratory system. The CTMAX of species conforming to this hypothesis should decrease with declining water oxygen tension (PO2) because they have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits. However, recent studies have identified a number of fishes and crustaceans with oxygen-independent upper thermal limits, their CTMAX unchanged in progressive aquatic hypoxia. The previous studies, which were performed separately on cold-water, temperate and tropical species, suggest the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits and the acute thermal sensitivity of the cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature. Here we directly test this hypothesis by assessing the oxygen-dependence of CTMAX in the polar Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), as well as the temperate Baltic prawn (Palaemon adspersus) and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). We found that P. adspersus and C. crangon maintain CTMAX in progressive hypoxia down to 40 mmHg, and that only E. superba have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits at normoxia. In E. superba, the observed decline in CTMAX with water PO2 is further supported by heart-rate measurements showing a plateauing, and subsequent decline and collapse of heart performance at CTMAX. Our results support the hypothesis that the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in water-breathing ectotherms and the acute thermal sensitivity of their cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ern
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark.
| | - Dillon Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Christina A Frieder
- University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - Niels Madsen
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Department of Biological Sciences, Canada
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32
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Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14865. [PMID: 32913250 PMCID: PMC7484784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.
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Claunch NM, Nix E, Royal AE, Burgos LP, Corn M, DuBois PM, Ivey KN, King EC, Rucker KA, Shea TK, Stepanek J, Vansdadia S, Taylor EN. Body size impacts critical thermal maximum measurements in lizards. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:96-107. [PMID: 32851814 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind critical thermal maxima (CTmax; the high body temperature at which neuromuscular coordination is lost) of organisms is central to understanding ectotherm thermal tolerance. Body size is an often overlooked variable that may affect interpretation of CTmax, and consequently, how CTmax is used to evaluate mechanistic hypotheses of thermal tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that body size affects CTmax and its interpretation in two experimental contexts. First, in four Sceloporus species, we examined how inter- and intraspecific variation in body size affected CTmax at normoxic and experimentally induced hypoxic conditions, and cloacal heating rate under normoxic conditions. Negative relationships between body size and CTmax were exaggerated in larger species, and hypoxia-related reductions in CTmax were unaffected by body size. Smaller individuals had faster cloacal heating rates and higher CTmax, and variation in cloacal heating rate affected CTmax in the largest species. Second, we examined how body size interacted with the location of body temperature measurements (i.e., cloaca vs. brain) in Sceloporus occidentalis, then compared this in living and deceased lizards. Brain temperatures were consistently lower than cloacal temperatures. Smaller lizards had larger brain-cloacal temperature differences than larger lizards, due to a slower cloacal heating rate in large lizards. Both live and dead lizards had lower brain than cloacal temperatures, suggesting living lizards do not actively maintain lower brain temperatures when they cannot pant. Thermal inertia influences CTmax data in complex ways, and body size should therefore be considered in studies involving CTmax data on species with variable sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Claunch
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Emmeleia Nix
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Averil E Royal
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Luis P Burgos
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Megan Corn
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - P Mason DuBois
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Kathleen N Ivey
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Elina C King
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Kiley A Rucker
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Tanner K Shea
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - John Stepanek
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Sunny Vansdadia
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Emily N Taylor
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
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Gomez Isaza DF, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Thermal acclimation offsets the negative effects of nitrate on aerobic scope and performance. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb224444. [PMID: 32647016 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.224444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures are set to imperil freshwater fishes as climate change ensues unless compensatory strategies are employed. However, the presence of additional stressors, such as elevated nitrate concentrations, may affect the efficacy of compensatory responses. Here, juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) were exposed to current-day summer temperatures (28°C) or a future climate-warming scenario (32°C) and simultaneously exposed to one of three ecologically relevant nitrate concentrations (0, 50 or 100 mg l-1). We measured indicators of fish performance (growth, swimming), aerobic scope (AS) and upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) to test the hypothesis that nitrate exposure would increase susceptibility to elevated temperatures and limit thermal compensatory responses. After 8 weeks of acclimation, the thermal sensitivity and plasticity of AS and swimming performance were tested at three test temperatures (28, 32, 36°C). The AS of 28°C-acclimated fish declined with increasing temperature, and the effect was more pronounced in nitrate-exposed individuals. In these fish, declines in AS corresponded with poorer swimming performance and a 0.8°C decrease in CTmax compared with unexposed fish. In contrast, acclimation to 32°C masked the effects of nitrate; fish acclimated to 32°C displayed a thermally insensitive phenotype whereby locomotor performance remained unchanged, AS was maintained and CTmax was increased by ∼1°C irrespective of nitrate treatment compared with fish acclimated to 28°C. However, growth was markedly reduced in 32°C-acclimated compared with 28°C-acclimated fish. Our results indicate that nitrate exposure increases the susceptibility of fish to acute high temperatures, but thermal compensation can override some of these potentially detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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35
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Li XX, Dong YW. Living on the upper intertidal mudflat: Different behavioral and physiological responses to high temperature between two sympatric cerithidea snails with divergent habitat-use strategies. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105015. [PMID: 32662442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature plays a major role in controlling species' distributions, and small-scale variation in the thermal environment are potentially an important factor that governs distributions on a local scale. For untangling the roles of behavioral and physiological adaptations on species' distribution at a small-scale level, we carried out a comparative study of two mudflat snails (genus Cerithidea) by determining these congeners' burying behavior, lethal temperature, cardiac performance and heat-shock protein (hsp70) gene expression. These two sympatric snails occupy different microhabitats on the upper intertidal mudflat. During periods of emersion, C. cingulata inhabits the open mudflat and C. largillierti usually aggregates around small rocks on the upper intertidal mudflat. Our results indicate that the two Cerithidea congeners show different behavioral and physiological responses to high temperature. Compared to C. largillierti, C. cingulata prefers to bury into the mud, has a higher thermal limit and a higher level of inducible expression of hsp70 mRNA, implying important roles of behavioral and physiological adaptations to the harsh thermal environment on the open mudflat. Furthermore, results of generalized additive modelling (GAM) analysis of cardiac performance and coefficient of variation (CV) of hsp70 mRNA expression showed high inter-individual variation in C. cingulata. These results highlight the importance of behavioral and physiological adaptions in sympatric species' distributions on the mudflat and help to shed light on the mechanisms of how small-scale differences in the thermal environment shape sympatric species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China.
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36
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Lombardi EJ, Bywater CL, White CR. The effect of ambient oxygen on the thermal performance of a cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb208306. [PMID: 32366686 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis proposes that the thermal tolerance of an animal is shaped by its capacity to deliver oxygen in relation to oxygen demand. Studies testing this hypothesis have largely focused on measuring short-term performance responses in animals under acute exposure to critical thermal maximums. The OCLTT hypothesis, however, emphasises the importance of sustained animal performance over acute tolerance. The present study tested the effect of chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia during development on moderate to long-term performance indicators at temperatures spanning the optimal temperature for growth in the speckled cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea In contrast to the predictions of the OCLTT hypothesis, development under hypoxia did not significantly reduce growth rate or running performance, and development under hyperoxia did not significantly increase growth rate or running performance. The effects of developmental temperature and oxygen on tracheal morphology and metabolic rate were also not consistent with OCLTT predictions, suggesting that oxygen delivery capacity is not the primary driver shaping thermal tolerance in this species. Collectively, these findings suggest that the OCLTT hypothesis does not explain moderate to long-term thermal performance in N.cinerea, which raises further questions about the generality of the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Lombardi
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Candice L Bywater
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Faria SC, Bianchini A, Lauer MM, Zimbardi ALRL, Tapella F, Romero MC, McNamara JC. Living on the Edge: Physiological and Kinetic Trade-Offs Shape Thermal Tolerance in Intertidal Crabs From Tropical to Sub-Antarctic South America. Front Physiol 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32390860 PMCID: PMC7194293 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important abiotic factor that drives the evolution of ectotherms owing to its pervasive effects at all levels of organization. Although a species' thermal tolerance is environmentally driven within a spatial cline, it may be constrained over time due to differential phylogenetic inheritance. At the limits of thermal tolerance, hemolymph oxygen is reduced and lactate formation is increased due to mismatch between oxygen supply and demand; imbalance between enzyme flexibility/stability also impairs the ability to generate energy. Here, we characterized the effects of lower (LL50) and upper (UL50) critical thermal limits on selected descriptors of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in 12 intertidal crab species distributed from northern Brazil (≈7.8°S) to southern Patagonia (≈53.2°S), considering their phylogeny. We tested for (i) functional trade-offs regarding aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and LDH kinetics in shaping thermal tolerance; (ii) influence of shared ancestry and thermal province on metabolic evolution; and (iii) presence of evolutionary convergences and adaptive peaks in the crab phylogeny. The tropical and subtropical species showed similar systemic and kinetic responses, both differing from the sub-Antarctic crabs. The lower UL50's of the sub-Antarctic crabs may reflect mismatch between the evolution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism since these crabs exhibit lower oxygen consumption but higher lactate formation than tropical and subtropical species also at their respective UL50's. LDH activity increased with temperature increase, while Km Pyr remained fairly constant; catalytic coefficient correlated negatively with thermal niche. Thermal tolerance may rely on a putative evolutionary trade-off between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism regarding energy supply, while temperature compensation of kinetic performance is driven by thermal habitat as revealed by the LDH affinity/efficiency equilibrium. The overall physiological evolution revealed two homoplastic adaptive peaks in the sub-Antarctic crabs with a further shift in the tropical/subtropical clade. The physiological traits at UL50 have evolved in a phylogenetic manner while all others were more plastic. Thus, shared inheritance and thermal environment have driven the crabs' thermal tolerance and metabolic evolution, revealing physiological transformations that have arisen in both colder and warmer climes, especially at higher levels of biological organization and phylogenetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Coelho Faria
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado Lauer
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Federico Tapella
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC-CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | | | - John Campbell McNamara
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
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Islam SM, Zahangir MM, Jannat R, Hasan MN, Suchana SA, Rohani MF, Shahjahan M. Hypoxia reduced upper thermal limits causing cellular and nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102604. [PMID: 32479398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is a threat across the world that leads to estimates of the upper thermal limits of ectothermic species. Increased water temperature up-regulates oxygen consumption and metabolic rates, and alters the physiological processes. In this study, we identified the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and physiological responses under normoxia and hypoxia in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. CTmax was 41.25 °C under hypoxia and 44.50 °C under normoxia. Compared to normoxia, lower values of hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (RBCs) were observed at the CTmax under hypoxia. In contrast, higher values of white blood cells (WBCs) and blood glucose (Glu) levels were observed at the CTmax under hypoxia. Consequently, higher frequencies of micronucleus, cellular and nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes were observed at the CTmax under hypoxia. These results suggest that high temperature tolerance and subsequent physiology are significantly affected by the oxygen supply in Nile tilapia. As climate vulnerability is intensifying day by day, this data will be helpful in successful management practice for the aquatic environment having low oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sm Majharul Islam
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Department of Fish Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Rayeda Jannat
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Naim Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sajida Akter Suchana
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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González-Tokman D, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Dáttilo W, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Villalobos F. Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:802-821. [PMID: 32035015 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
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Flikac T, Cook DG, Davison W. The effect of temperature and meal size on the aerobic scope and specific dynamic action of two temperate New Zealand finfish Chrysophrys auratus and Aldrichetta forsteri. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:169-183. [PMID: 31996987 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shallow coastal and estuarine habitats function as nurseries for many juvenile fish. In this comparative study, metabolic profiles of two New Zealand finfish, snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) and yellow-eyed mullet-YEM (Aldrichetta forsteri) that as juveniles share the same temperate coastal environments, were examined. Metabolic parameters (routine and maximum metabolic rates, and specific dynamic action-SDA) were investigated at a set of temperatures (13, 17, 21 °C) within the range juveniles both species experience annually. SDA was also determined for a range of different feed rations to investigate the effects of meal size on postprandial metabolic response. Temperature was a strong modulator of snapper and YEM metabolic profile (routine and maximum metabolic rates, and absolute and factorial aerobic scope). Metabolic rates increased with temperature in both species as did absolute scope in YEM, though for snapper, it was only greater at the highest temperature. Factorial scope behaved in the same fashion for the two species, being greatest at 13 °C. Both absolute and factorial scope were ~ twofold greater in YEM than in snapper across the entire temperature range. Temperature also affected SDA response in snapper, while in YEM, SDA parameters were largely unaffected when temperature increased from 17 to 21 °C. Snapper were able to consume a large range of meal sizes (0.5-3.0% body mass-BM) with meal sizes > 1% BM having a pronounced effect on numerous SDA parameters, whereas mullet appeared to consume more limited ration sizes (≤ 1.0% BM). In both species, rations ≤ 1% BM produced similar changes in SDA parameters identifying comparable digestive bio-energetics. Overall, our metabolic characterisations demonstrate that both species can adjust to the variable temperate environmental temperatures and manage the energetic costs of digestion and feed assimilation. Yet, despite these general similarities, YEM's greater aerobic scope may point to better physiological adaptation to the highly variable temperate coastal environment than were observed in snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Flikac
- Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Ilam, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Denham G Cook
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Port Nelson, 7043, New Zealand.
| | - William Davison
- Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Ilam, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
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Jiang Y, Jiao H, Sun P, Yin F, Tang B. Metabolic response of Scapharca subcrenata to heat stress using GC/MS-based metabolomics. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8445. [PMID: 32025378 PMCID: PMC6993748 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mollusks are commonly subjected to heat stress. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata, clams were exposed to different high temperatures (24, 28 and 32 °C) for 72 h. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were measured at 2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The results indicated that the metabolic rates of the ark shell significantly increased with increasing heat stress, accompanied by mortalities in response to prolonged exposure. A metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was further applied to assess the changes of metabolites in the mantle of the ark shell at 32 °C. Moreover, multivariate and pathway analyses were conducted for the different metabolites. The results showed that the heat stress caused changes in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, osmotic regulation, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism through different metabolic pathways. These results are consistent with the significant changes of oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate. The present study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of heat stress on intertidal bivalves and elucidates the relationship between individual-level responses and underlying molecular metabolic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Jiang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiao
- Ningbo Academy of Ocean and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Sun
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baojun Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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42
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Non-invasive quantification of cardiac stroke volume in the edible crab Cancer pagurus. Front Zool 2020; 16:46. [PMID: 31889965 PMCID: PMC6909657 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brachyuran crabs can effectively modulate cardiac stroke volume independently of heart rate in response to abiotic drivers. Non-invasive techniques can help to improve the understanding of cardiac performance parameters of these animals. This study demonstrates the in vivo quantification of cardiac performance parameters through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the edible crab Cancer pagurus. Furthermore, the suitability of signal integrals of infra-red photoplethysmographs as a qualitative tool is assessed under severe hypoxia. Results Multi-slice self-gated cardiac cinematic (CINE) MRI revealed the structure and motion of the ventricle to quantify heart rates, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction. CINE MRI showed that stroke volumes increased under hypoxia because of a reduction of end-systolic volumes at constant end-diastolic volumes. Plethysmograph recordings allowed for automated heart rate measurements but determination of a qualitative stroke volume proxy strongly depended on the position of the sensor on the animal. Both techniques revealed a doubling in stroke volumes after 6 h under severe hypoxia (water PO2 = 15% air saturation). Conclusions MRI has allowed for detailed descriptions of cardiac performance in intact animals under hypoxia. The temporal resolution of quantitative non-invasive CINE MRI is limited but should encourage further refining. The stroke volume proxy based on plethysmograph recordings is feasible to complement other cardiac measurements over time. The presented methods allow for non-destructive in vivo determinations of multiple cardiac performance parameters, with the possibility to study neuro-hormonal or environmental effects on decapod cardio physiology.
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Baag S, Mahapatra S, Mandal S. Unravelling the effects of elevated temperature on the physiological energetics of Bellamya bengalensis. J Therm Biol 2019; 88:102494. [PMID: 32125982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the key environmental factors affecting the eco-physiological responses of living organisms and is considered one of the utmost crucial factors in shaping the fundamental niche of a species. The purpose of the present study is to delineate the physiological response and changes in energy allocation strategy of Bellamya bengalensis, a freshwater gastropod in the anticipated summer elevated temperature in the future by measuring the growth, body conditions (change in total weight, change in organ to flesh weight ratio), physiological energetics (ingestion rate, absorption rate, respiration rate, excretion rate and Scope for Growth) and thermal performance, Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (ABT), thermal critical maxima (CTmax), warming tolerance (WT) as well as thermal safety margin (TSM) through a mesocosm experiment. We exposed the animals to three different temperatures, 25 °C (average habitat temperature for this animal) and elevated temperatures 30 °C, 35 °C for 30 days and changes in energy budget were measured twice (on 15th and 30th day). Significant changes were observed in body conditions as well as physiological energetics. The total body weight as well as the organ/flesh weight ratio, ingestion followed by absorption rate decreased whereas, respiration and excretion rate increased with elevated temperature treatments resulting in a negative Scope for Growth in adverse conditions. Though no profound impact was found on ABT/CTmax, the peak of thermal curve was considerably declined for animals that were reared in higher temperature treatments. Our data reflects that thermal stress greatly impact the physiological functioning and growth patterns of B. bengalensis which might jeopardize the freshwater ecosystem functioning in future climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India.
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Gravinese PM, Enochs IC, Manzello DP, van Woesik R. Ocean acidification changes the vertical movement of stone crab larvae. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190414. [PMID: 31822243 PMCID: PMC6936016 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are increasing ocean temperature and decreasing ocean pH. Some coastal habitats are experiencing increases in organic runoff, which when coupled with a loss of vegetated coastline can accelerate reductions in seawater pH. Marine larvae that hatch in coastal habitats may not have the ability to respond to elevated temperature and changes in seawater pH. This study examined the response of Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) larvae to elevated temperature (30°C control and 32°C treatment) and CO2-induced reductions in pH (8.05 pH control and 7.80 pH treatment). We determined whether those singular and simultaneous stressors affect larval vertical movement at two developmental stages. Geotactic responses varied between larval stages. The direction and rate of the vertical displacement of larvae were dependent on pH rather than temperature. Stage III larvae swam upwards under ambient pH conditions, but swam downwards at a faster rate under reduced pH. There was no observable change in the directional movement of Stage V larvae. The reversal in orientation by Stage III larvae may limit larval transport in habitats that experience reduced pH and could pose challenges for the northward dispersal of stone crabs as coastal temperatures warm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Gravinese
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement, 1600 Ken Thompson Way, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.,Florida Institute of Technology, Institute for Global Ecology, 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Ian C Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Derek P Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Robert van Woesik
- Florida Institute of Technology, Institute for Global Ecology, 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Mascaró M, Horta JL, Diaz F, Paschke K, Rosas C, Simões N. Effect of a gradually increasing temperature on the behavioural and physiological response of juvenile Hippocampus erectus: Thermal preference, tolerance, energy balance and growth. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102406. [PMID: 31657747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and behavioural responses of ectotherms to temperature is strongly dependent on the individuals' previous thermal history. Laboratory based studies investigating the mechanisms of thermoregulation in marine ectotherms, however, rarely consider key temporal elements of thermal exposure, such as the rate at which temperature changes. We tested the hypothesis that juvenile seahorses, Hippocampus erectus, from a tropical coastal lagoon in Yucatan, Mexico, would exhibit variations in physiological and behavioural descriptors of thermoregulation when submitted to contrasting regimes during 30 days: temperature constant at 25 °C (C 25); gradually increasing 1 °C every 5 days from 25 to 30 °C (GI 25-30); and constant at 30 °C (C 30). Immediately after exposure, critical maximum temperature, thermal preference, oxygen consumption, partial energy balance, growth rate and survival of seahorses were measured. Seahorses exposed to GI 25-30 showed a significantly higher critical thermal maxima (37.8 ± 0.9 °C), preference (28.7 ± 0.4 °C), growth (1.10 ± 0.49%) and survival (97.6%) than those exposed to C 30 (36.5 ± 1, 29.4 ± 0.3 °C, 0.48 ± 0.32%, 73.8%, respectively). Both high temperature regimes induced metabolic depression, but ramping resulted in a greater amount of energy assimilated (278.9 ± 175.4 J g-1 day-1) and higher energy efficiency for growth (89.8%) than constant exposure to 30 °C (115.4 ± 63.4 J g-1 day-1, 65.3%, respectively). Gradually increasing temperature allowed physiological mechanisms of thermal adjustment to take place, reflecting the capacity of juvenile H. erectus to respond to environmental change. Despite its advantage, this capacity is limited in time, since the cumulative effect of thermal exposure affected metabolic performance, eventually compromising survival. The study of seahorse response to thermal variations in the context of ocean warming needs to consider the temporal elements of thermal exposure to foresee its vulnerability under future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J L Horta
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - F Diaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana # 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - K Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - C Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N Simões
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico; International Chair for Coastal and Marine Studies, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.
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Zhu W, Meng Q, Zhang H, Wang ML, Li X, Wang HT, Zhou GL, Miao L, Qin QL, Zhang JH. Metabolomics reveals the key role of oxygen metabolism in heat susceptibility of an alpine-dwelling ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:695-710. [PMID: 29790270 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ghost moths inhabiting the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau are cold-adapted stenothermal organisms that are susceptible to heat (dead within 7 days at 27 °C exposure). Exploring the metabolic basis of their heat susceptibility would extend our understanding of the thermal biology of alpine-dwelling invertebrates. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was combined with physiological and transcriptional approaches to determine the metabolic mechanisms of heat susceptibility in Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae. The metabolomics results showed that 27 °C heat stress impaired the Krebs cycle and lipolysis in T. xiaojinensis larvae, as demonstrated by the accumulation of intermediary metabolites. In addition, carbohydrate reserves were highly and exclusively consumed, and an anaerobic product, lactate, accumulated. This evidence suggested a strong reliance on glycolysis to anaerobically generate energy. The respiration rate and enzymatic activity test results indicated a deficiency in O2 metabolism; in addition, the Krebs cycle capacity was not decreased, and the metabolic flux through aerobic pathways was limited. These findings were further supported by the occurrence of hypoxia symptoms in midgut mitochondria (vacuolation and swelling) and increased transcription of hypoxia-induced factor 1-α. Overall, heat stress caused O2 limitation and depressed the overall intensity of aerobic metabolism in ghost moths, and less efficient anaerobic glycolysis was activated to sustain their energy supply. As carbohydrates were depleted, the energy supply became deficient. Our study presents a comprehensive metabolic explanation for the heat susceptibility of ghost moths and reveals the relationship between O2 metabolism and heat susceptibility in these larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Lian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Studying the cardiovascular system of a marine crustacean with magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 32:567-579. [PMID: 31124010 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An approach is presented for high-field MRI studies of the cardiovascular system (CVS) of a marine crustacean, the edible crab Cancer pagurus, submerged in highly conductive seawater. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure and function of the CVS were investigated at 9.4 T. Cardiac motion was studied using self-gated CINE MRI. Imaging protocols and radio-frequency coil arrangements were tested for anatomical imaging. Haemolymph flow was quantified using phase-contrast angiography. Signal-to-noise-ratios and flow velocities in afferent and efferent branchial veins were compared with Student's t test (n = 5). RESULTS Seawater induced signal losses were dependent on imaging protocols and RF coil setup. Internal cardiac structures could be visualized with high spatial resolution within 8 min using a gradient-echo technique. Variations in haemolymph flow in different vessels could be determined over time. Maximum flow was similar within individual vessels and corresponded to literature values from Doppler measurements. Heart contractions were more pronounced in lateral and dorso-ventral directions than in the anterior-posterior direction. DISCUSSION Choosing adequate imaging protocols in combination with a specific RF coil arrangement allows to monitor various parts of the crustacean CVS with exceptionally high spatial resolution despite the adverse effects of seawater at 9.4 T.
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Singh DS, Alkins-Koo M, Rostant LV, Mohammed A. Heart rate responses to different temperatures in juvenile Poppiana dentata ( ). BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:30-38. [PMID: 31017231 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.188457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main factors that influences cardiovascular functioning in ectotherms. Hence this study sought to investigate heart rate responses of a freshwater crab species, Poppiana dentata, to different temperature exposures since the species generally reside in habitats of fluctuating physicochemistry. Heart rates were non-invasively determined in juvenile crabs for three temperature regimes, each over an 8-day session; A: temperature exposures of 26 °C (2 days) to 30 °C (3 days) to 26 °C (3 days), B: 26 °C (2 days) to 32 °C (3 days) to 26 °C (3 days) and C: a control at constant 26 °C. Heart rate variations were significant among the regimes (P < 0.05), with the median heart rate being highest for regime B (74 beats per minute or bpm) during the temperature insult (32 °C), relative to regime A (70 bpm) and the control (64 bpm). Notably, a suppression and inversion of the diurnal cardiac patterns occurred for regimes' A and B crabs respectively, with rates from the highest temperature insult not shifting back to pre-insult levels during recovery (26 °C). It is plausible that P. dentata may have compensatory cardiovascular mechanisms that account for these differential heart rate responses, possibly conveying adaptive strategies in its dynamic habitat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies - UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - M Alkins-Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies - UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - L V Rostant
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies - UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - A Mohammed
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies - UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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Xing Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Guo H, Bao Z, Wang S. Development of Novel Cardiac Indices and Assessment of Factors Affecting Cardiac Activity in a Bivalve Mollusc Chlamys farreri. Front Physiol 2019; 10:293. [PMID: 30967793 PMCID: PMC6438923 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac activity has been widely used in marine molluscs as an indicator for their physiological status in response to environmental changes, which is, however, largely less studied in scallops. Here, we monitored cardiac performance of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri using an infrared-based method, and evaluated the effects of several biotic (shell height, total weight, and age) and environmental factors (circadian rhythm and temperature) on scallop heart rate (HR), amplitude (HA), and rate-amplitude product (RAP). Results revealed that size has a significant effect on both HR (negative) and HA (positive), but RAP values are similar in different sized scallops. Age also affects scallop cardiac performance, significantly for HR, but not for HA or RAP. Circadian rhythm affects cardiac activity, with significant elevation of HR, HA and RAP during 1:00–8:00 and 17:00–19:00. With seawater temperature elevation, HR peaks at 30.03 ± 0.23°C, HA at 15.08 ± 0.02°C, and RAP at 15.10 ± 0.19 and 30.12 ± 0.28°C. This suggests HR is a good indicator for thermal limit, whereas HA may indicate optimal growth temperature, and RAP could be an index of myocardial oxygen consumption to indicate myocardium stress. Our study provides basic information on the factors that may affect scallop cardiac performance. It also elucidates the feasibility of HA and RAP as cardiac indices in marine molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinghai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haobing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Kühnhold H, Steinmann N, Huang YH, Indriana L, Meyer A, Kunzmann A. Temperature-induced aerobic scope and Hsp70 expression in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214373. [PMID: 30901348 PMCID: PMC6430385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aerobic Scope (AS), which reflects the functional capacity for biological fitness, is a highly relevant proxy to determine thermal tolerance in various taxa. Despite the importance of this method, its implementation is often hindered, due to lacking techniques to accurately measure standard- (SMR) and maximal- (MMR) metabolic rates, especially in sluggish marine invertebrates with low oxygen consumption rates, such as sea cucumbers. In this study the AS concept was modified to define a Temperature-induced Aerobic Scope (TAS), based on metabolic rate changes due to temperature adjustments rather than traditionally used physical activity patterns. Consequentially, temperature dependent peak and bottom O2 consumption rates, defined as Temperature-induced Maximal- (TMMR) and Standard Metabolic Rates (TSMR), respectively, served as MMR and SMR alternatives for the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. TMMR and TSMR were induced through acute temperature change (2°C per hour; 17–41°C) until critical warm (WTcrit) and cold (CTcrit) temperatures were reached, respectively. In addition, Hsp70 gene expression linked to respiration rates served as synergistic markers to confirm critical threshold temperatures. O2 consumption of H. scabra peaked distinctly at WTcrit of 38°C (TMMR = 33.2 ± 4.7 μgO2 g-1 h-1). A clear metabolic bottom line was reached at CTcrit of 22°C (TSMR = 2.2 ± 1.4 μgO2 g-1 h-1). Within the thermal window of 22–38°C H. scabra sustained positive aerobic capacity, with assumed optimal performance range between 29–31.5°C (13.85–18.7 μgO2 g-1 h-1). Between 39–41°C H. scabra decreased respiration progressively, while gene expression levels of Hsp70 increased significantly at 41°C, indicating prioritization of heat shock response (HSR) and homeostatic disruption. At the cold end (17–22°C) homeostatic disruption was visible through incrementally increasing energetic expenses to fuel basal maintenance costs, but no Hsp70 overexpression occurred. TMMR, TSMR and TAS proved to be reliable metrics, similar to the traditional energetic key parameters MMR, SMR and AS, to determine a specific aerobic performance window for the sluggish bottom dwelling species H. scabra. In addition, the linkage between respiration physiology and molecular defense mechanisms showed valuable analytical synergies in terms of mechanistic prioritization as response to thermal stress. Overall, this study will help to define lethal temperatures for aquaculture and to predict the effects of environmental stress, such as ocean warming, in H. scabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kühnhold
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuri Steinmann
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Lisa Indriana
- Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Lombok, Indonesia
| | - Achim Meyer
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
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