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Pitzer Mutchler A, Huynh L, Patel R, Lam T, Bain D, Jamison S, Kirabo A, Ray EC. The role of dietary magnesium deficiency in inflammatory hypertension. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167904. [PMID: 37293263 PMCID: PMC10244581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 30% of adults consume less than the estimated average daily requirement of magnesium (Mg2+), and commonly used medications, such as diuretics, promote Mg2+ deficiency. Higher serum Mg2+ levels, increased dietary Mg2+ in-take, and Mg2+ supplementation are each associated with lower blood pressure, suggesting that Mg2+-deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Antigen-presenting cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells, are well-known to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In these cells, processes implicated as necessary for increased blood pressure include activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β production, and oxidative modification of fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, forming isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). We hypothesized that increased blood pressure in response to dietary Mg2+-depletion leads to increased NLRP3, IL-1β, and IsoLG production in antigen presenting cells. We found that a Mg2+-depleted diet (0.01% Mg2+ diet) increased blood pressure in mice compared to mice fed a 0.08% Mg2+ diet. Mg2+-depleted mice did not exhibit an increase in total body fluid, as measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Plasma IL-1β concentrations were increased (0.13 ± 0.02 pg/mL vs. 0.04 ± 0.02 pg/mL). Using flow cytometry, we observed increased NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in antigen-presenting cells from spleen, kidney, and aorta. We also observed increased IsoLG production in antigen-presenting cells from these organs. Primary culture of CD11c+ dendritic cells confirmed that low extracellular Mg2+ exerts a direct effect on these cells, stimulating IL-1β and IL-18 production. The present findings show that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IsoLG-adduct formation are stimulated when dietary Mg2+ is depleted. Interventions and increased dietary Mg2+ consumption may prove beneficial in decreasing the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Pitzer Mutchler
- Vanderbilt University Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Linh Huynh
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ritam Patel
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tracey Lam
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Bain
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Geology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Meharry Medical College Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan C. Ray
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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2
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Pierre A, Bourel C, Favory R, Brassart B, Wallet F, Daussin FN, Normandin S, Howsam M, Romien R, Lemaire J, Grolaux G, Durand A, Frimat M, Bastide B, Amouyel P, Boulanger E, Preau S, Lancel S. Sepsis-like Energy Deficit Is Not Sufficient to Induce Early Muscle Fiber Atrophy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Murine Sepsis Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 37106730 PMCID: PMC10136327 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myopathy is characterized by muscle fiber atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and worsened outcomes. Whether whole-body energy deficit participates in the early alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism has never been investigated. Three groups were studied: "Sepsis" mice, fed ad libitum with a spontaneous decrease in caloric intake (n = 17), and "Sham" mice fed ad libitum (Sham fed (SF), n = 13) or subjected to pair-feeding (Sham pair fed (SPF), n = 12). Sepsis was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cecal slurry in resuscitated C57BL6/J mice. The feeding of the SPF mice was restricted according to the food intake of the Sepsis mice. Energy balance was evaluated by indirect calorimetry over 24 h. The tibialis anterior cross-sectional area (TA CSA), mitochondrial function (high-resolution respirometry), and mitochondrial quality control pathways (RTqPCR and Western blot) were assessed 24 h after sepsis induction. The energy balance was positive in the SF group and negative in both the SPF and Sepsis groups. The TA CSA did not differ between the SF and SPF groups, but was reduced by 17% in the Sepsis group compared with the SPF group (p < 0.05). The complex-I-linked respiration in permeabilized soleus fibers was higher in the SPF group than the SF group (p < 0.05) and lower in the Sepsis group than the SPF group (p < 0.01). Pgc1α protein expression increased 3.9-fold in the SPF mice compared with the SF mice (p < 0.05) and remained unchanged in the Sepsis mice compared with the SPF mice; the Pgc1α mRNA expression decreased in the Sepsis compared with the SPF mice (p < 0.05). Thus, the sepsis-like energy deficit did not explain the early sepsis-induced muscle fiber atrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction, but led to specific metabolic adaptations not observed in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pierre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Bourel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphael Favory
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Brassart
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederic Wallet
- Division of Bacteriology, Biology Pathology Institute of Lille, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederic N. Daussin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Normandin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael Howsam
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphael Romien
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jeremy Lemaire
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gaelle Grolaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arthur Durand
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Frimat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Nephrology, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Preau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
- Division of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
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Syding LA, Kubik-Zahorodna A, Reguera DP, Nickl P, Hruskova B, Kralikova M, Kopkanova J, Novosadova V, Kasparek P, Prochazka J, Rozman J, Turecek R, Sedlacek R. Ablation of Gabra5 Influences Corticosterone Levels and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020285. [PMID: 36833213 PMCID: PMC9956889 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress responses are activated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), culminating in the release of glucocorticoids. During prolonged periods of secretion of glucocorticoids or inappropriate behavioral responses to a stressor, pathologic conditions may occur. Increased glucocorticoid concentration is linked to generalized anxiety, and there are knowledge gaps regarding its regulation. It is known that the HPA axis is under GABAergic control, but the contribution of the individual subunits of the GABA receptor is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the α5 subunit and corticosterone levels in a new mouse model deficient for Gabra5, which is known to be linked to anxiety disorders in humans and phenologs observed in mice. We observed decreased rearing behavior, suggesting lower anxiety in the Gabra5-/- animals; however, such a phenotype was absent in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. In addition to decreased rearing behavior, we also found decreased levels of fecal corticosterone metabolites in Gabra5-/- mice indicating a lowered stress response. Moreover, based on the electrophysiological recordings where we observed a hyperpolarized state of hippocampal neurons, we hypothesize that the constitutive ablation of the Gabra5 gene leads to functional compensation with other channels or GABA receptor subunits in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Amanda Syding
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Kubik-Zahorodna
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.K.-Z.); (R.S.)
| | - David Pajuelo Reguera
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nickl
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdana Hruskova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kralikova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopkanova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Novosadova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rozman
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Turecek
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.K.-Z.); (R.S.)
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Crislip GR, Wohlgemuth SE, Wolff CA, Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Douglas CM, Ebrahimi E, Cheng KY, Masten SH, Barral D, Bryant AJ, Esser KA, Gumz ML. Apparent Absence of BMAL1-Dependent Skeletal Muscle-Kidney Cross Talk in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:261. [PMID: 35204763 PMCID: PMC8961518 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BMAL1 is a core mammalian circadian clock transcription factor responsible for the regulation of the expression of thousands of genes. Previously, male skeletal-muscle-specific BMAL1-inducible-knockout (iMS-BMAL1 KO) mice have been described as a model that exhibits an aging-like phenotype with an altered gait, reduced mobility, muscle weakness, and impaired glucose uptake. Given this aging phenotype and that chronic kidney disease is a disease of aging, the goal of this study was to determine if iMS-BMAL1 KO mice exhibit a renal phenotype. Male iMS-BMAL1 KO and control mice were challenged with a low potassium diet for five days. Both genotypes responded appropriately by conserving urinary potassium. The iMS-BMAL1 KO mice excreted less potassium during the rest phase during the normal diet but there was no genotype difference during the active phase. Next, iMS-BMAL1 KO and control mice were used to compare markers of kidney injury and assess renal function before and after a phase advance protocol. Following phase advance, no differences were detected in renal mitochondrial function in iMS-BMAL1 KO mice compared to control mice. Additionally, the glomerular filtration rate and renal morphology were similar between groups in response to phase advance. Disruption of the clock in skeletal muscle tissue activates inflammatory pathways within the kidney of male mice, and there is evidence of this affecting other organs, such as the lungs. However, there were no signs of renal injury or altered function following clock disruption of skeletal muscle under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.E.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Sarah H. Masten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominique Barral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrew J. Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.E.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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5
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Ray EC, Pitzer A, Lam T, Jordahl A, Patel R, Ao M, Marciszyn A, Winfrey A, Barak Y, Sheng S, Kirabo A, Kleyman TR. Salt sensitivity of volume and blood pressure in a mouse with globally reduced ENaC γ-subunit expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F705-F714. [PMID: 34632813 PMCID: PMC8714976 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00559.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) promotes the absorption of Na+ in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, colon, and respiratory epithelia. Deletion of genes encoding subunits of ENaC results in early postnatal mortality. Here, we present the initial characterization of a mouse with dramatically suppressed expression of the ENaC γ-subunit. We used this hypomorphic (γmt) allele to explore the importance of this subunit in homeostasis of electrolytes and body fluid volume. At baseline, γ-subunit expression in γmt/mt mice was markedly suppressed in the kidney and lung, whereas electrolytes resembled those of littermate controls. Aldosterone levels in γmt/mt mice exceeded those seen in littermate controls. Quantitative magnetic resonance measurement of body composition revealed similar baseline body water, lean tissue mass, and fat tissue mass in γmt/mt mice and controls. γmt/mt mice exhibited a more rapid decline in body water and lean tissue mass in response to a low-Na+ diet than the controls. Replacement of drinking water with 2% saline selectively and transiently increased body water and lean tissue mass in γmt/mt mice relative to the controls. Lower blood pressures were variably observed in γmt/mt mice on a high-salt diet compared with the controls. γmt/mt also exhibited reduced diurnal blood pressure variation, a "nondipping" phenotype, on a high-Na+ diet. Although ENaC in the renal tubules and colon works to prevent extracellular fluid volume depletion, our observations suggest that ENaC in other tissues may participate in regulating extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A mouse with globally suppressed expression of the epithelial Na+ channel γ-subunit showed enhanced sensitivity to dietary salt, including a transient increase in total body fluid, reduced blood pressure, and reduced diurnal blood pressure variation when given a dietary NaCl challenge. These results point to a role for the epithelial Na+ channel in regulating body fluid and blood pressure beyond classical transepithelial Na+ transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Ray
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracey Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexa Jordahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ritam Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaliyah Winfrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yaacov Barak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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6
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Segar JL, Grobe CC, Balapattabi K, Ritter ML, Reho JJ, Grobe JL. Dissociable effects of dietary sodium in early life upon somatic growth, fluid homeostasis, and spatial memory in mice of both sexes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R438-R451. [PMID: 33439766 PMCID: PMC8238146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00281.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal growth failure is a common morbidity for preterm infants and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although sodium (Na) deficiency early in life impairs somatic growth, its impact on neurocognitive functions has not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that Na deficiency during early life is sufficient to cause growth failure and program neurobehavioral impairments in later life. C57BL/6J mice were placed on low- (0.4), normal- (1.5), or high- (3 g/kg) Na chow at weaning (PD22) and continued on the diet for 3 wk (to PD40). Body composition and fluid distribution were determined serially by time-domain NMR and bioimpedance spectroscopy, and anxiety, learning, and memory were assessed using the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze paradigms in later adulthood (PD63-PD69). During the diet intervention, body mass gains were suppressed in the low- compared with normal- and high-Na groups despite similar caloric uptake rates across groups. Fat mass was reduced in males but not in females fed low-Na diet. Fat-free mass and hydration were significantly reduced in both males and females fed the low-Na diet, although rapidly corrected after return to normal diet. Measures of anxiety-like behavior and learning in adulthood were not affected by diet in either sex, yet memory performance was modified by a complex interaction between sex and early life Na intake. These data support the concepts that Na deficiency impairs growth and that the amount of Na intake which supports optimal somatic growth during early life may be insufficient to fully support neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Segar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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7
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Segar JL, Balapattabi K, Reho JJ, Grobe CC, Burnett CML, Grobe JL. Quantification of body fluid compartmentalization by combined time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R44-R54. [PMID: 33085913 PMCID: PMC7847054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of fluid compartmentalization, or the distribution of fluid volume between extracellular (ECF) and intracellular (ICF) spaces, historically requires complicated, burdensome, and often terminal methodologies that do not permit repeated or longitudinal experiments. New technologies including time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)-based methods allow for highly accurate measurements of total body water (TBW) within minutes in a noninvasive manner, but do not permit dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs. In contrast, methods such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) allow dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs but are hampered by dependence on many nuanced details in data collection that undermine confidence in experimental results. Here, we present a novel combinatorial use of these two technologies (NMR/BIS) to improve the accuracy of BIS-based assessments of ECF and ICF, while maintaining the advantages of these minimally invasive methods. Briefly, mice undergo TD-NMR and BIS-based measures, and then fat masses as derived by TD-NMR are used to correct BIS outputs. Mice of the C57BL/6J background were studied using NMR/BIS methods to assess the effects of acute furosemide injection and diet-induced obesity on fluid compartmentalization, and to examine the influence of sex, body mass and composition, and diet on TBW, ECF, and ICF. We discovered that in mice, sex and body size/composition have substantial and interactive effects on fluid compartmentalization. We propose that the combinatorial use of NMR/BIS methods will enable a revisioning of the types of longitudinal, kinetic studies that can be performed to understand the impact of various interventions on body fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Segar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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