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Burton JB, Silva-Barbosa A, Bons J, Rose J, Pfister K, Simona F, Gandhi T, Reiter L, Bernhardt O, Hunter CL, Goetzman ES, Sims-Lucas S, Schilling B. Substantial downregulation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal proteins during acute kidney injury revealed by data-independent acquisition proteomics. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300162. [PMID: 37775337 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) manifests as a major health concern, particularly for the elderly. Understanding AKI-related proteome changes is critical for prevention and development of novel therapeutics to recover kidney function and to mitigate the susceptibility for recurrent AKI or development of chronic kidney disease. In this study, mouse kidneys were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the contralateral kidneys remained uninjured to enable comparison and assess injury-induced changes in the kidney proteome. A ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometer was optimized for data-independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve comprehensive protein identification and quantification. Short microflow gradients and the generation of a deep kidney-specific spectral library allowed for high-throughput, comprehensive protein quantification. Upon AKI, the kidney proteome was completely remodeled, and over half of the 3945 quantified protein groups changed significantly. Downregulated proteins in the injured kidney were involved in energy production, including numerous peroxisomal matrix proteins that function in fatty acid oxidation, such as ACOX1, CAT, EHHADH, ACOT4, ACOT8, and Scp2. Injured kidneys exhibited severely damaged tissues and injury markers. The comprehensive and sensitive kidney-specific DIA-MS assays feature high-throughput analytical capabilities to achieve deep coverage of the kidney proteome, and will serve as useful tools for developing novel therapeutics to remediate kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Burton
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Anne Silva-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Katherine Pfister
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Toriumi K, Iino K, Ozawa A, Miyashita M, Yamasaki S, Suzuki K, Sugawa H, Tabata K, Yamaguchi S, Usami S, Itokawa M, Nishida A, Nagai R, Kamiguchi H, Arai M. Glucuronic acid is a novel source of pentosidine, associated with schizophrenia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102876. [PMID: 37703666 PMCID: PMC10502438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosidine (PEN) is an advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), where a fluorescent cross-link is formed between lysine and arginine residues in proteins. Accumulation of PEN is associated with aging and various diseases. We previously reported that a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia showed PEN accumulation in the blood, having severe clinical features. PEN is thought to be produced from glucose, fructose, pentoses, or ascorbate. However, patients with schizophrenia with high PEN levels present no elevation of these precursors of PEN in their blood. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying PEN accumulation and the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia associated with PEN accumulation remain unclear. Here, we identified glucuronic acid (GlcA) as a novel precursor of PEN from the plasma of subjects with high PEN levels. We demonstrated that PEN can be generated from GlcA, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that GlcA was associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Among patients with high PEN, the proportion of those who also have high GlcA is 25.6%. We also showed that Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) activity to degrade GlcA was decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and its activity was negatively correlated with GlcA levels in the plasma. This is the first report to show that PEN is generated from GlcA. In the future, this finding will contribute to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of not only schizophrenia but also other diseases with PEN accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoka Iino
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Azuna Ozawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Community Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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3
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Burton JB, Silva-Barbosa A, Bons J, Rose J, Pfister K, Simona F, Gandhi T, Reiter L, Bernhardt O, Hunter CL, Goetzman ES, Sims-Lucas S, Schilling B. Substantial Downregulation of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Proteins during Acute Kidney Injury revealed by Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.530107. [PMID: 36865241 PMCID: PMC9980295 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.530107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) manifests as a major health concern, particularly for the elderly. Understanding AKI-related proteome changes is critical for prevention and development of novel therapeutics to recover kidney function and to mitigate the susceptibility for recurrent AKI or development of chronic kidney disease. In this study, mouse kidneys were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the contralateral kidneys remained uninjured to enable comparison and assess injury-induced changes in the kidney proteome. A fast-acquisition rate ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometer was introduced for data-independent acquisition (DIA) for comprehensive protein identification and quantification. Short microflow gradients and the generation of a deep kidney-specific spectral library allowed for high-throughput, comprehensive protein quantification. Upon AKI, the kidney proteome was completely remodeled, and over half of the 3,945 quantified protein groups changed significantly. Downregulated proteins in the injured kidney were involved in energy production, including numerous peroxisomal matrix proteins that function in fatty acid oxidation, such as ACOX1, CAT, EHHADH, ACOT4, ACOT8, and Scp2. Injured mice exhibited severely declined health. The comprehensive and sensitive kidney-specific DIA assays highlighted here feature high-throughput analytical capabilities to achieve deep coverage of the kidney proteome and will serve as useful tools for developing novel therapeutics to remediate kidney function.
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Stomberski CT, Venetos NM, Zhou HL, Qian Z, Collison BR, Field SJ, Premont RT, Stamler JS. A multienzyme S-nitrosylation cascade regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111538. [PMID: 36288700 PMCID: PMC9667709 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that protein S-nitrosylation is enzymatically regulated and that specificity in S-nitrosylation derives from dedicated S-nitrosylases and denitrosylases that conjugate and remove S-nitrosothiols, respectively. Here, we report that mice deficient in the protein denitrosylase SCoR2 (S-nitroso-Coenzyme A Reductase 2; AKR1A1) exhibit marked reductions in serum cholesterol due to reduced secretion of the cholesterol-regulating protein PCSK9. SCoR2 associates with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) secretory machinery to control an S-nitrosylation cascade involving ER cargo-selection proteins SAR1 and SURF4, which moonlight as S-nitrosylases. SAR1 acts as a SURF4 nitrosylase and SURF4 as a PCSK9 nitrosylase to inhibit PCSK9 secretion, while SCoR2 counteracts nitrosylase activity by promoting PCSK9 denitrosylation. Inhibition of PCSK9 by an NO-based drug requires nitrosylase activity, and small-molecule inhibition of SCoR2 phenocopies the PCSK9-mediated reductions in cholesterol observed in SCoR2-deficient mice. Our results reveal enzymatic machinery controlling cholesterol levels through S-nitrosylation and suggest a distinct treatment paradigm for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Stomberski
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Bryce R Collison
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Seth J Field
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA.
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5
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Advances in Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways and the Role of Prokaryote-Based Inferences to Understand Their Origin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101917. [PMID: 36292802 PMCID: PMC9602106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient required for the optimal function and development of many organisms. VC has been studied for many decades, and still today, the characterization of its functions is a dynamic scientific field, mainly because of its commercial and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss, in a comparative way, the increasing evidence for alternative VC synthesis pathways in insects and nematodes, and the potential of myo-inositol as a possible substrate for this metabolic process in metazoans. Methodological approaches that may be useful for the future characterization of the VC synthesis pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are here discussed. We also summarize the current distribution of the eukaryote aldonolactone oxidoreductases gene lineages, while highlighting the added value of studies on prokaryote species that are likely able to synthesize VC for both the characterization of novel VC synthesis pathways and inferences on the complex evolutionary history of such pathways. Such work may help improve the industrial production of VC.
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Yang L, Zheng S, Kong D, Xiang S, Wu J, Wan N, Sun W, Li W. Characterization, expression, and function analysis of AKR1A1 gene from yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:285-302. [PMID: 35113310 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) is a carbonyl detoxification protein in toxic aldehyde removal. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of yellow catfish AKR1A1 (TfAKR1A1) was cloned. As expected, yellow catfish AKR1A1 showed similarities with that of other species. Subsequently, prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and recombinant TfAKR1A1 (rTfAKR1A1) was successfully induced and purified. rTfAKR1A1 exhibited reductive activity to many aldehydes and ketones. To determine whether TfAKR1A1 could confer stress tolerance in vitro, the viability of control and TfAKR1A1 expression E. coli under abiotic stress was compared by spot assay. Results showed that the recombinant strain had better stress resistance under cadmium, hydrogen peroxide, and DL-glyceraldehyde stress. Then, effects of an intraperitoneal injection of rTfAKR1A1 protein on cadmium-induced oxidative stress were evaluated. Results displayed that TfAKR1A1 and Nrf2 expression levels were significantly decreased, CAT and SOD expression levels were significantly increased, BCL-2 and IL-10 expression levels were significantly increased, and caspase3a, NF-κB, and IL-1β expression levels were significantly decreased in protein-injection group. Furthermore, oxidative stress indexes in livers under different protein injection doses were examined by ELISA. Results showed that CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities were upregulated, ROS and T-AOC contents were also improved, while MDA content was significantly decreased both in lower and middle dose injection groups. Finally, liver pathological section analysis was performed. Results displayed that liver injury degree in protein-injected groups was lower than that of PBS group under cadmium stress. These results suggested that TfAKR1A1 played important roles in response to cadmium stress in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China.
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Iino K, Toriumi K, Agarie R, Miyashita M, Suzuki K, Horiuchi Y, Niizato K, Oshima K, Imai A, Nagase Y, Kushima I, Koike S, Ikegame T, Jinde S, Nagata E, Washizuka S, Miyata T, Takizawa S, Hashimoto R, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Itokawa M, Arai M. AKR1A1 Variant Associated With Schizophrenia Causes Exon Skipping, Leading to Loss of Enzymatic Activity. Front Genet 2021; 12:762999. [PMID: 34938315 PMCID: PMC8685500 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder characterized by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms such as anhedonia and flat affect, and cognitive impairment. Recently, glucuronate (GlucA) levels were reported to be significantly higher in serum of patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy controls. The accumulation of GlucA is known to be related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia, since GlucA is known to promote drug excretion by forming conjugates with drugs. However, the cause of GlucA accumulation remains unclear. Aldo-keto reductase family one member A1 (AKR1A1) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of GlucA. Genetic loss of AKR1A1 function is known to result in the accumulation of GlucA in rodents. Here, we aimed to explore genetic defects in AKR1A1 in patients with schizophrenia, which may result in the accumulation of GlucA. We identified 28 variants of AKR1A1 in patients with schizophrenia and control subjects. In particular, we identified a silent c.753G > A (rs745484618, p. Arg251Arg) variant located at the first position of exon 8 to be associated with schizophrenia. Using a minigene assay, we found that the c.753G > A variant induced exon 8 skipping in AKR1A1, resulting in a frameshift mutation, which in turn led to truncation of the AKR1A1 protein. Using the recombinant protein, we demonstrated that the truncated AKR1A1 completely lost its activity. Furthermore, we showed that AKR1A1 mRNA expression in the whole blood cells of individuals with the c.753G > A variant tended to be lower than that in those without the variants, leading to lower AKR activity. Our findings suggest that AKR1A1 carrying the c.753G > A variant induces exon skipping, leading to a loss of gene expression and enzymatic activity. Thus, GlucA patients with schizophrenia with the c.753G > A variant may show higher GlucA levels, leading to drug-resistant schizophrenia, since drug excretion by GlucA is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Iino
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Agarie
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Takatsuki Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Niizato
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nagase
- Department of Psychiatry, Takatsuki Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Arai,
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8
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Qi H, Schmöhl F, Li X, Qian X, Tabler CT, Bennewitz K, Sticht C, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Volk N, Hausser I, Heidenreich E, Hell R, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Reduced Acrolein Detoxification in akr1a1a Zebrafish Mutants Causes Impaired Insulin Receptor Signaling and Microvascular Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101281. [PMID: 34278746 PMCID: PMC8456208 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased acrolein (ACR), a toxic metabolite derived from energy consumption, is associated with diabetes and its complications. However, the molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown, and a suitable animal model with internal increased ACR does not exist for in vivo studying so far. Several enzyme systems are responsible for acrolein detoxification, such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH), Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR), and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). To evaluate the function of ACR in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, akr1a1a-/- zebrafish mutants are generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Accumulated endogenous acrolein is confirmed in akr1a1a-/- larvae and livers of adults. Moreover, a series of experiments are performed regarding organic alterations, the glucose homeostasis, transcriptome, and metabolomics in Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish. Akr1a1a-/- larvae display impaired glucose homeostasis and angiogenic retina hyaloid vasculature, which are caused by reduced acrolein detoxification ability and increased internal ACR concentration. The effects of acrolein on hyaloid vasculature can be reversed by acrolein-scavenger l-carnosine treatment. In adult akr1a1a-/- mutants, impaired glucose tolerance accompanied by angiogenic retina vessels and glomerular basement membrane thickening, consistent with an early pathological appearance in diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, are observed. Thus, the data strongly suggest impaired ACR detoxification and elevated ACR concentration as biomarkers and inducers for diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Qi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
- Department of Vascular SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Felix Schmöhl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Christoph T. Tabler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
| | - Nadine Volk
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Elena Heidenreich
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHelmholtz‐ZentrumNeuherberg85764Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
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Denburg MR, Xu Y, Abraham AG, Coresh J, Chen J, Grams ME, Feldman HI, Kimmel PL, Rebholz CM, Rhee EP, Vasan RS, Warady BA, Furth SL. Metabolite Biomarkers of CKD Progression in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1178-1189. [PMID: 34362785 PMCID: PMC8455058 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metabolomics facilitates the discovery of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CKD progression. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We evaluated an untargeted metabolomics quantification of stored plasma samples from 645 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) participants. Metabolites were standardized and logarithmically transformed. Cox proportional hazards regression examined the association between 825 nondrug metabolites and progression to the composite outcome of KRT or 50% reduction of eGFR, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, glomerular versus nonglomerular diagnosis, proteinuria, and baseline eGFR. Stratified analyses were performed within subgroups of glomerular/nonglomerular diagnosis and baseline eGFR. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were 391 (61%) male; median age 12 years; median eGFR 54 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 448 (69%) nonglomerular diagnosis. Over a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 209 (32%) participants developed the composite outcome. Unique association signals were identified in subgroups of baseline eGFR. Among participants with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, two-fold higher levels of seven metabolites were significantly associated with higher hazards of KRT/halving of eGFR events: three involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism (N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, hazard ratio, 16; 95% confidence interval, 4 to 60; 5,6-dihydrouridine, hazard ratio, 17; 95% confidence interval, 5 to 55; pseudouridine, hazard ratio, 39; 95% confidence interval, 8 to 200); two amino acids, C-glycosyltryptophan, hazard ratio, 24; 95% confidence interval 6 to 95 and lanthionine, hazard ratio, 3; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 5; the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate 2-methylcitrate/homocitrate, hazard ratio, 4; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 7; and gulonate, hazard ratio, 10; 95% confidence interval, 3 to 29. Among those with baseline eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, a higher level of tetrahydrocortisol sulfate was associated with lower risk of progression (hazard ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling facilitated discovery of novel metabolite associations with CKD progression in children that were independent of established clinical predictors and highlight the role of select biologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Denburg
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yunwen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alison G. Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harold I. Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul L. Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, and Boston University Center for Computing and Data Science, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Blood myo-inositol concentrations in preterm and term infants. J Perinatol 2021; 41:247-254. [PMID: 32934363 PMCID: PMC7889639 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe relationship between cord blood (representing fetal) myo-inositol concentrations and gestational age (GA) and to determine trends of blood concentrations in enterally and parenterally fed infants from birth to 70 days of age. DESIGN/METHODS Samples were collected in 281 fed or unfed infants born in 2005 and 2006. Myo-inositol concentrations were displayed in scatter plots and analyzed with linear regression models of natural log-transformed values. RESULTS In 441 samples obtained from 281 infants, myo-inositol concentrations varied from nondetectable to 1494 μmol/L. Cord myo-inositol concentrations decreased an estimated 11.9% per week increase in GA. Postnatal myo-inositol concentrations decreased an estimated 14.3% per week increase in postmenstrual age (PMA) and were higher for enterally fed infants compared to unfed infants (51% increase for fed vs. unfed infants). CONCLUSIONS Fetal myo-inositol concentrations decreased with increasing GA. Postnatal concentrations decreased with increasing PMA and were higher among enterally fed than unfed infants.
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11
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Nierenberg JL, He J, Li C, Gu X, Shi M, Razavi AC, Mi X, Li S, Bazzano LA, Anderson AH, He H, Chen W, Kinchen JM, Rebholz CM, Coresh J, Levey AS, Inker LA, Shlipak M, Kelly TN. Novel associations between blood metabolites and kidney function among Bogalusa Heart Study and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants. Metabolomics 2019; 15:149. [PMID: 31720858 PMCID: PMC7021455 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health challenge given its high global prevalence and associated risks of cardiovascular disease and progression to end stage renal disease. Although it is known that numerous metabolic changes occur in CKD patients, identifying novel metabolite associations with kidney function may enhance our understanding of the physiologic pathways relating to CKD. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to elucidate novel metabolite associations with kidney function among participants of two community-based cohorts with carefully ascertained metabolomics, kidney function, and covariate data. METHODS Untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify blood metabolites. We used multivariate adjusted linear regression to examine associations between single metabolites and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) among 1243 Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants (median eGFRcr: 94.4, 5th-95th percentile: 66.0-119.6 mL/min/1.73 m2). Replication, determined by statistical significance and consistent effect direction, was tested using gold standard measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) among 260 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (median mGFR: 72.0, 5th-95th percentile: 43.5-105.0 mL/min/1.73 m2). All analyses used Bonferroni-corrected alpha thresholds. RESULTS Fifty-one novel metabolite associations with kidney function were identified, including 12 from previously unrelated sub-pathways: N6-carboxymethyllysine, gulonate, quinolinate, gamma-CEHC-glucuronide, retinol, methylmalonate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, 3-aminoisobutyrate, N-methylpipecolate, hydroquinone sulfate, and glycine conjugates of C10H12O2 and C10H14O2(1). Significant metabolites were generally inversely associated with kidney function and smaller in mass-to-charge ratio than non-significant metabolites. CONCLUSION The 51 novel metabolites identified may serve as early, clinically relevant, kidney function biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovia L Nierenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alexander C Razavi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xuenan Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Amanda H Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley A Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Shlipak
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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12
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Proteomic profile of histotroph during early embryo development in mares. Theriogenology 2019; 125:224-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Chang HH, Chao HN, Walker CS, Choong SY, Phillips A, Loomes KM. Renal depletion of myo-inositol is associated with its increased degradation in animal models of metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F755-63. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal depletion of myo-inositol (MI) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms involved are unclear. We hypothesized that MI depletion was due to changes in inositol metabolism and therefore examined the expression of genes regulating de novo biosynthesis, reabsorption, and catabolism of MI. We also extended the analyses from diabetes mellitus to animal models of dietary-induced obesity and hypertension. We found that renal MI depletion was pervasive across these three distinct disease states in the relative order: hypertension (−51%) > diabetes mellitus (−35%) > dietary-induced obesity (−19%). In 4-wk diabetic kidneys and in kidneys derived from insulin-resistant and hypertensive rats, MI depletion was correlated with activity of the MI-degrading enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX). By contrast, there was decreased MIOX expression in 8-wk diabetic kidneys. Immunohistochemistry localized the MI-degrading pathway comprising MIOX and the glucuronate-xylulose (GX) pathway to the proximal tubules within the renal cortex. These findings indicate that MI depletion could reflect increased catabolism through MIOX and the GX pathway and implicate a common pathological mechanism contributing to renal oxidative stress in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-H. Chang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H.-N. Chao
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C. S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S.-Y. Choong
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K. M. Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Weber S, Salabei JK, Möller G, Kremmer E, Bhatnagar A, Adamski J, Barski OA. Aldo-keto Reductase 1B15 (AKR1B15): a mitochondrial human aldo-keto reductase with activity toward steroids and 3-keto-acyl-CoA conjugates. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6531-45. [PMID: 25577493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) comprise a superfamily of proteins involved in the reduction and oxidation of biogenic and xenobiotic carbonyls. In humans, at least 15 AKR superfamily members have been identified so far. One of these is a newly identified gene locus, AKR1B15, which clusters on chromosome 7 with the other human AKR1B subfamily members (i.e. AKR1B1 and AKR1B10). We show that alternative splicing of the AKR1B15 gene transcript gives rise to two protein isoforms with different N termini: AKR1B15.1 is a 316-amino acid protein with 91% amino acid identity to AKR1B10; AKR1B15.2 has a prolonged N terminus and consists of 344 amino acid residues. The two gene products differ in their expression level, subcellular localization, and activity. In contrast with other AKR enzymes, which are mostly cytosolic, AKR1B15.1 co-localizes with the mitochondria. Kinetic studies show that AKR1B15.1 is predominantly a reductive enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of androgens and estrogens with high positional selectivity (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) as well as 3-keto-acyl-CoA conjugates and exhibits strong cofactor selectivity toward NADP(H). In accordance with its substrate spectrum, the enzyme is expressed at the highest levels in steroid-sensitive tissues, namely placenta, testis, and adipose tissue. Placental and adipose expression could be reproduced in the BeWo and SGBS cell lines, respectively. In contrast, AKR1B15.2 localizes to the cytosol and displays no enzymatic activity with the substrates tested. Collectively, these results demonstrate the existence of a novel catalytically active AKR, which is associated with mitochondria and expressed mainly in steroid-sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weber
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joshua K Salabei
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Gabriele Möller
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- the Institute of Molecular Immunology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, the Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 85356 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany, and the German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oleg A Barski
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202,
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15
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Alzeer S, Ellis EM. Metabolism of gamma hydroxybutyrate in human hepatoma HepG2 cells by the aldo-keto reductase AKR1A1. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:499-505. [PMID: 25256836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a recreational and date-rape drug, for which the detection following ingestion is hampered by rapid metabolism and its endogenous presence. GHB catabolism occurs mainly by its oxidation to succinic semialdehyde (SSA), which converts to succinate and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A high Km aldehyde reductase has previously been reported to catalyse the NADP-dependent oxidation of GHB at high concentrations. It is assumed that this enzyme is identical to the aldo-keto reductase AKR1A1, but its role in GHB oxidation has not been fully evaluated. In this study, the extent of AKR1A1 in GHB metabolism has been determined in HepG2 cells using RNA-interference technology. The gene encoding AKR1A1 was targeted by siRNA. Results demonstrate a successful knock-down of the AKR1A1 gene with 92% reduction in total mRNA and 93% reduction in protein expression. Demolishing AKR1A1 expression in HepG2 cells leads to significant 82% decrease in NADP-dependent GHB-dehydrogenase activity at high concentration (10mM) of GHB. Moreover, when exposing the cells to 50 μM of GHB for 24h, and measuring intracellular and extracellular GHB levels by GC/MS, a significant two-fold increase was observed on GHB intracellular level in silenced cells. In contrast, measuring SSA-reductase activity in silenced cells indicated that AKR1A1 is not involved in endogenous GHB production. These findings describe a pathway for GHB metabolism in the liver which should be useful in GHB exposure cases, and will enable a better understanding of the enzymes participating in its metabolism at natural and overexposed levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Alzeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Elizabeth M Ellis
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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16
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Barski OA, Mindnich R, Penning TM. Alternative splicing in the aldo-keto reductase superfamily: implications for protein nomenclature. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 202:153-8. [PMID: 23298867 PMCID: PMC3758225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase superfamily contains 173 proteins which are present in all phyla. Examination of the human and mouse genomes has identified that in some instances a single AKR gene can give rise to alternatively spliced mRNA variants which in some cases can give rise to more than one protein isoform. This is currently well documented in the AKR6A subfamily which contains the β-subunits of the voltage-gated potassium ion channels. With the emergence of second generation sequencing it is likely that the occurrence of transcript variants and protein isoforms from a single AKR gene may become common place. To deal with this issue we recommend that the Ensembl data-base nomenclature be used to annotate the transcript variants from a single AKR gene. However, since multiple transcript variants could give rise to either the same or multiple protein isoforms from the same AKR gene we also propose to expand the nomenclature of the AKR protein superfamily, so that when a protein isoform is shown to be expressed and is functional it would be assigned the standard AKR name followed by a "period or full-stop" and a number for that unique isoform. Numbers will be assigned chronologically and linked to the respective transcripts annotated in Ensembl e.g. AKR6A5.1 (Kvβ2.1) (AKR6A5-001, -006 and -201), followed by AKR6A5.2 (Kvβ2.2) (AKR6A5-002,-202). This nomenclature is expandable and it enables multiple protein isoforms to be assigned to their respective transcripts when they arise from the same AKR gene or for a single protein isoform to be assigned to multiple transcripts when the transcripts encode the same AKR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Barski
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA,
| | - Rebekka Mindnich
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA, R. Mindnich, ; T.M. Penning,
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA, R. Mindnich, ; T.M. Penning,
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17
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Takahashi M, Miyata S, Fujii J, Inai Y, Ueyama S, Araki M, Soga T, Fujinawa R, Nishitani C, Ariki S, Shimizu T, Abe T, Ihara Y, Nishikimi M, Kozutsumi Y, Taniguchi N, Kuroki Y. In vivo role of aldehyde reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1787-96. [PMID: 22820017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A; EC 1.1.1.2) catalyzes the reduction of various types of aldehydes. To ascertain the physiological role of AKR1A, we examined AKR1A knockout mice. METHODS Ascorbic acid concentrations in AKR1A knockout mice tissues were examined, and the effects of human AKR1A transgene were analyzed. We purified AKR1A and studied the activities of glucuronate reductase and glucuronolactone reductase, which are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis and DNA microarray analysis were performed for a comprehensive study of AKR1A knockout mice. RESULTS The levels of ascorbic acid in tissues of AKR1A knockout mice were significantly decreased which were completely restored by human AKR1A transgene. The activities of glucuronate reductase and glucuronolactone reductase, which are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis, were suppressed in AKR1A knockout mice. The accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate in knockout mice tissue and the expression of acute-phase proteins such as serum amyloid A2 are significantly increased in knockout mice liver. CONCLUSIONS AKR1A plays a predominant role in the reduction of both d-glucuronic acid and d-glucurono-γ-lactone in vivo. The knockout of AKR1A in mice results in accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate as well as a deficiency of ascorbic acid, and also leads to upregulation of acute phase proteins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AKR1A is a major enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of d-glucuronic acid and d-glucurono-γ-lactone in vivo, besides acting as an aldehyde-detoxification enzyme. Suppression of AKR1A by inhibitors, which are used to prevent diabetic complications, may lead to the accumulation of d-glucuronic acid and saccharate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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18
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Osorio-Yáñez C, García-Tavera JL, Pérez-Núñez MT, Poblete-Naredo I, Muñoz B, Barron-Vivanco BS, Rothenberg SJ, Zapata-Pérez O, Albores A. Benzo(a)pyrene induces hepatic AKR1A1 mRNA expression in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:438-44. [PMID: 22394341 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.666684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AKR1A1 or aldehyde reductase is a member of the aldo-keto reductases superfamily that is evolutionarily conserved among species. AKR1A1 is one of the five AKRs (AKR1A1 and 1C1-1C4) implicated in the metabolic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) activation to reactive BaP 7,8-dione. BaP is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems and its metabolic activation is necessary to produce its toxic effects. Although the presence of AKR1A1 in fish has been reported, its tissue distribution in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and AKR1A1 inducibility by BaP are not known yet. Moreover, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA expression in fish has been used as a PAH biomarker of effect. Therefore, BaP effects on AKR1A1 and CYP1A gene expressions in tilapia, a species of commercial interest, were investigated by real-time RT-PCR. A partial AKR1A1 cDNA was identified, sequenced and compared with AKR1A1 reported sequences in the GenBank DNA database. Constitutive AKR1A1 mRNA expression was detected mainly in liver, similarly to that of CYP1A. BaP exposure resulted in statistically significant AKR1A1 and CYP1A mRNA induction in liver (20- and 120-fold, respectively) at 24 h. On the other hand, ethoxyquin (EQ) was used as control inducer for AKR1A1 mRNA. Interestingly, EQ also induced CYP1A mRNA levels in tilapia liver. Our results suggest that teleost AKR1A1, in addition to CYP1A, are inducible by BaP. The mechanism of AKR1A1 induction by BaP and its role in fish susceptibility to BaP toxic effects remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, Mexico
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Nayak B, Kondeti VK, Xie P, Lin S, Viswakarma N, Raparia K, Kanwar YS. Transcriptional and post-translational modulation of myo-inositol oxygenase by high glucose and related pathobiological stresses. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27594-611. [PMID: 21652700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.217141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal-specific oxidoreductase/myo-inositol oxygenase (RSOR/MIOX) catabolizes myo-inositol and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. How high glucose (HG) ambience up-regulates its expression and enzyme activity was investigated. MIOX up-regulation was associated with an increase in enzyme activity, which was reduced to basal levels with phosphatase treatment. Using phosphothreonine, protein kinase A (PKA), and PKC substrate antibodies, analyses of kidney lysates of diabetic animals and LLC-PK1/HK-2 cells subjected to HG ambience indicated MIOX to be a phosphoprotein. Kinase phosphorylated recombinant RSOR/MIOX proteins had increased activity confined to exons 2-5. Mutants with substituted phosphorylation sites had a minimal increase in activity. Treatment of cells with PKC, PKA, and PDK1 kinase activators increased activity, whereas inhibitors reduced it. Inhibitors also reduced the phosphorylation and activity of MIOX induced by HG. Besides HG, exposure of cells to oxidants H(2)O(2) and methylglyoxal up-regulated MIOX expression and its phosphorylation and activity, whereas antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, β-naphthoflavone, and tertiary butyl hydroquinone reduced MIOX expression. Treatment with HG or oxidants or overexpression of MIOX induced nuclear translocation of redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which binds to antioxidant response elements of various promoters. Promoter analyses revealed an increase in luciferase activity with HG and oxidants. Analyses of antioxidant response elements and carbohydrate response elements revealed an accentuation of DNA-protein interactions with oxidants and under HG ambience. ChIP-PCR and immunofluorescence studies revealed nuclear translocation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of RSOR/MIOX enhances its activity, which is augmented by HG via transcriptional/translational events that are also modulated by diabetes-related pathobiological stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Ma J, Cao D. Human aldo-keto reductases: structure, substrate specificity and roles in tumorigenesis. Biomol Concepts 2011; 2:115-26. [PMID: 25962023 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily consists of over 150 protein members sharing similar structure and enzymatic activities. To date, 13 human AKRs have been identified, and they participate in xenobiotic detoxification, biosynthesis and metabolism. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of human AKR proteins in cancer development, progression and treatment. Some proteins demonstrate multiple functional features in addition to being a reductase for carbonyl groups. This review article discusses the most recent progress made in the study of humans AKRs.
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Murtas C, Bruschi M, Carnevali ML, Petretto A, Corradini E, Prunotto M, Candiano G, degl'Innocenti ML, Ghiggeri GM, Allegri L. In vivo characterization of renal auto-antigens involved in human auto-immune diseases: The case of membranous glomerulonephritis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 5:90-7. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prunotto M, Carnevali ML, Candiano G, Murtas C, Bruschi M, Corradini E, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Petretto A, Santucci L, Mattei S, Gatti R, Scolari F, Kador P, Allegri L, Ghiggeri GM. Autoimmunity in membranous nephropathy targets aldose reductase and SOD2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:507-19. [PMID: 20150532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular targets of autoimmunity in human membranous nephropathy are poorly understood. Here, we used a combined proteomic approach to identify specific antibodies against podocyte proteins in both serum and glomeruli of patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). We detected specific anti-aldose reductase (AR) and anti-manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) IgG(4) in sera of patients with MN. We also eluted high titers of anti-AR and anti-SOD2 IgG(4) from microdissected glomeruli of three biopsies of MN kidneys but not from biopsies of other glomerulonephritides characterized by IgG deposition (five lupus nephritis and two membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). We identified both antigens in MN biopsies but not in other renal pathologies or normal kidney. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) showed co-localization of anti-AR and anti-SOD2 with IgG(4) and C5b-9 in electron-dense podocyte immune deposits. Preliminary in vitro experiments showed an increase of SOD2 expression on podocyte plasma membrane after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, our data support AR and SOD2 as renal antigens of human MN and suggest that oxidative stress may drive glomerular SOD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Division of Nephrology and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genova, Italy
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Diggle CP, Shires M, Leitch D, Brooke D, Carr IM, Markham AF, Hayward BE, Asipu A, Bonthron DT. Ketohexokinase: expression and localization of the principal fructose-metabolizing enzyme. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:763-74. [PMID: 19365088 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.953190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketohexokinase (KHK, also known as fructokinase) initiates the pathway through which most dietary fructose is metabolized. Very little is known about the cellular localization of this enzyme. Alternatively spliced KHK-C and KHK-A mRNAs are known, but the existence of the KHK-A protein isoform has not been demonstrated in vivo. Using antibodies to KHK for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of rodent tissues, including those from mouse knockouts, coupled with RT-PCR assays, we determined the distribution of the splice variants. The highly expressed KHK-C isoform localized to hepatocytes in the liver and to the straight segment of the proximal renal tubule. In both tissues, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed. The KHK-A mRNA isoform was observed exclusively in a range of other tissues, and by Western blotting, the presence of endogenous immunoreactive KHK-A protein was shown for the first time, proving that the KHK-A mRNA is translated into KHK-A protein in vivo, and supporting the suggestion that this evolutionarily conserved isoform is physiologically functional. However, the low levels of KHK-A expression prevented its immunohistochemical localization within these tissues. Our results highlight that the use of in vivo biological controls (tissues from knockout animals) is required to distinguish genuine KHK immunoreactivity from experimental artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P Diggle
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Barski OA, Tipparaju SM, Bhatnagar A. The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Drug Metab Rev 2008; 40:553-624. [PMID: 18949601 PMCID: PMC2663408 DOI: 10.1080/03602530802431439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily comprises enzymes that catalyze redox transformations involved in biosynthesis, intermediary metabolism, and detoxification. Substrates of AKRs include glucose, steroids, glycosylation end-products, lipid peroxidation products, and environmental pollutants. These proteins adopt a (beta/alpha)(8) barrel structural motif interrupted by a number of extraneous loops and helixes that vary between proteins and bring structural identity to individual families. The human AKR family differs from the rodent families. Due to their broad substrate specificity, AKRs play an important role in the phase II detoxification of a large number of pharmaceuticals, drugs, and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Barski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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