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Mehrbod P, Hudy D, Shyntum D, Markowski J, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. Quercetin as a Natural Therapeutic Candidate for the Treatment of Influenza Virus. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E10. [PMID: 33374214 PMCID: PMC7824064 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical burden caused by respiratory manifestations of influenza virus (IV) outbreak as an infectious respiratory disease is so great that governments in both developed and developing countries have allocated significant national budget toward the development of strategies for prevention, control, and treatment of this infection, which is seemingly common and treatable, but can be deadly. Frequent mutations in its genome structure often result in resistance to standard medications. Thus, new generations of treatments are critical to combat this ever-evolving infection. Plant materials and active compounds have been tested for many years, including, more recently, active compounds like flavonoids. Quercetin is a compound belonging to the flavonols class and has shown therapeutic effects against influenza virus. The focus of this review includes viral pathogenesis as well as the application of quercetin and its derivatives as a complementary therapy in controlling influenza and its related symptoms based on the targets. We also touch on the potential of this class of compounds for treatment of SARS-COV-2, the cause of new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Divine Shyntum
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
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Alstadhaug KB, Kvarenes HW, Prytz J, Vedeler C. A case of relapsing-remitting facial palsy and ipsilateral brachial plexopathy caused by HSV-1. J Clin Virol 2016; 78:62-5. [PMID: 26991053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The etiologies of Bell's palsy and brachial neuritis remain uncertain, and the conditions rarely co-occur or reoccur. Here we present a woman in her twenties who had several relapsing-remitting episodes with left-sided facial palsy and brachial neuropathy. The episodes always started with painful left-sided oral blisters. Repeat PCRs HSV-1 DNA from oral vesicular lesions were positive. Extensive screening did not reveal any other underlying cause. Findings on MRI T2-weighted brachial plexus STIR images, using a 3.0-Tesla scanner during an episode, were compatible with brachial plexus neuritis. Except a mannose-binding lectin deficiency, a congenital complement deficiency that is frequently found in the general Caucasian population, no other immunodeficiency was demonstrated in our patient. In vitro resistance to acyclovir was tested negative, but despite prophylactic treatment with the drug in high doses, relapses recurred. To our knowledge, this is the first ever reported documentation of relapsing-remitting facial and brachial plexus neuritis caused by HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Alstadhaug
- Department of Neurology, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway; Institue Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hanne W Kvarenes
- Institue Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jan Prytz
- Institue Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - Christian Vedeler
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Ahmed M, Henson DA, Sanderson MC, Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Lila MA. The protective effects of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced susceptibility to virus infection. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1829-36. [PMID: 25088029 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged and intensive exercise induces transient immunosuppression and is associated with an increased risk and severity of infections. The goal of this study was to characterize the antiviral and antibacterial properties of the bioactive metabolites of a blueberry-green tea-polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC) in the serum of supplemented subjects during a 3-day intensified training period. Long-distance runners, randomly divided into two groups, ingested 40 g/day PSPC or placebo (soy protein and colorings) for 17 days, with a 3-day running period inserted at day 14. Blood serum samples were collected pre-14 days and post-14 days supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running. The post-exercise serum from both groups significantly promoted the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in culture by 20-70%, but returned to normal levels following recovery. Furthermore, the serum from subjects ingesting PSPC did not display antibacterial properties at any time point. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the ability of serum from PSPC-supplemented versus placebo-supplemented athletes to protect cells in culture from killing by vesicular stomatitis virus following strenuous exercise. In addition, the serum of subjects who ingested PSPC significantly delayed an exercise-induced increase in virus replication. These results indicate that polyphenol complexes containing blueberry and green tea have the potential to protect athletes from virus infections following rigorous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
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Abstract
Exercise modulates the innate and specific arms of the immune system with a marked intensity-dependent response. This response might be influenced by sex differences and other factors including age, nutrition status, and overall level of psychological stress. Exercise immunology is the field that studies this area. In the 1990s, Dr. Nieman formulated the controversial “J-shaped hypothesis” to describe the relationship between exercise intensity and the risk of acquiring upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). This hypothesis suggests that moderate exercise has the ability to improve immune function above sedentary levels while high intensity exercise depresses the immune system. However, some methodological problems exist in studies of the J-curve which makes evidence more anecdotal than evidence-based regarding the role of moderate and intense exercise in the incidence of URTI. These limitations are presented in the chapter.
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Williamson RA, Phillips-Bute BG, McDonagh DL, Gray MC, Zomorodi AR, Olson DM, Britz GW, Laskowitz DT, James ML. Predictors of extraventricular drain-associated bacterial ventriculitis. J Crit Care 2013; 29:77-82. [PMID: 24125770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacterial ventriculitis (BV) may develop in patients requiring external ventricular drains (EVDs). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of EVD-associated BV onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of Duke University Hospital patients with EVD device placement between January 2005 and May 2010 was conducted. Subject data were captured for predefined variables. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and neurologic status at discharge. RESULTS In 410 subjects with 420 EVDs, the BV rate was 10.2%. Univariate analysis indicated that age, sex, positive blood culture, duration of EVD placement, and the number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples taken were associated with BV. Of these, the number of CSF samples and sex retained significance in multivariable modeling (female: odds ratio, 0.47 [confidence interval, 0.23-0.97]; CSF samples: odds ratio, 1.08 [confidence interval 1.01-1.17]; P = .04; c index = 0.69). In this model, each CSF sample taken expanded the likelihood of BV by 8.3%. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus or proprioniobacter (n = 26). Bacterial ventriculitis was associated with an increase in hospital length of stay (33 ± 22.9 days vs 24.6 ± 20.4 days; P = .04) but not mortality. CONCLUSION An association exists between CSF sampling frequency and the development of EVD-associated BV. Larger prospective studies should be aimed at identifying causal relationships between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Williamson
- Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC
| | | | - David L McDonagh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC
| | - Marisa C Gray
- Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC
| | - Ali R Zomorodi
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Duke University, DUMC 3087, Durham, NC
| | - Daiwai M Olson
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, DUMC 3322, Durham, NC
| | - Gavin W Britz
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Duke University, DUMC 3087, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC
| | - Michael L James
- Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC.
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Geurs TL, Hill EB, Lippold DM, French AR. Sex differences in murine susceptibility to systemic viral infections. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:J245-53. [PMID: 22209097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to autoimmunity in females is often viewed as the consequence of enhanced immunoreactivity providing superior protection against infections. We paradoxically observed greater mortality in female compared to male mice during systemic viral infections with three large double-stranded DNA viruses (herpes simplex virus type I [HSV], murine cytomegalovirus [MCMV], and vaccinia virus [VV]). Indeed, female mice were 27-fold more susceptible to infection with HSV than male mice. Elimination of estrogen by ovariectomy in female mice or addition of estrogen to castrated male mice only partially eliminated the observed sex differences following HSV infection. However, the differences observed in survival between female and male mice were nearly abrogated in the absence of type I interferon receptor signaling and substantially mitigated in absence of DAP12 signaling. Interestingly, the sex-specific impact of type I interferon receptor and DAP12 signaling differentially influenced survival during systemic viral infections with type I interferon receptor signaling enhancing male survival and DAP12 signaling increasing the susceptibility of female mice. These results have potential implications for the sex disparities observed in human autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Geurs
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Murphy EA, Davis JM, Carmichael MD, Mayer EP, Ghaffar A. Benefits of oat β-glucan and sucrose feedings on infection and macrophage antiviral resistance following exercise stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R1188-94. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00396.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oat β-glucan can counteract the exercise-induced increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in mice, which is at least partly mediated by its effects on lung macrophages. Substantial evidence in humans indicates that carbohydrate-containing sports drinks can offset the decreased immune function associated with stressful exercise. However, no studies in animals or humans have directly examined their effects on URTI using a controlled virus-challenge model. We examined the effects of sucrose feedings alone and in combination with oat β-glucan on susceptibility to infection and on macrophage antiviral resistance in mice following stressful exercise. These effects were also examined in rested, nonimmunocompromised control mice. Mice were assigned to one of four groups: H2O (water), sucrose (S), oat β-glucan (OβG), and sucrose + oat β-glucan (S+OβG). OβG and S treatments consisted of a solution of 50% OβG and 6% sucrose, respectively, and were administered in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. Exercise consisted of a treadmill run to fatigue performed on three consecutive days. Mice were then intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and monitored for morbidity and mortality for 21 days. Additional mice were used to determine macrophage antiviral resistance. In the exercise experiment, S, OβG, and S+OβG all reduced morbidity ( P < 0.05), while only S+OβG reduced mortality ( P < 0.05). Macrophage antiviral resistance was also increased in S, OβG, and S+OβG treatments ( P < 0.05). In resting controls, S and S+OβG reduced morbidity and mortality ( P < 0.05) and showed a trend toward increased macrophage antiviral resistance. There was no significant additive effect of S and OβG in either control or exercised animals. These data extend our previous work on the benefits of oat β-glucan to show that sucrose feedings have similar effects on susceptibility to respiratory infection and macrophage antiviral resistance in both resting controls and following exercise stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Angela Murphy
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - J. Mark Davis
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - Martin D. Carmichael
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - Eugene P. Mayer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Murphy EA, Davis JM, Carmichael MD, Gangemi JD, Ghaffar A, Mayer EP. Exercise stress increases susceptibility to influenza infection. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:1152-5. [PMID: 18616997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise stress is associated with an increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) while moderate exercise has been associated with a decreased risk. We have shown that exercise stress can increase susceptibility (morbidity, symptom severity and mortality) to HSV-1 respiratory infection, but there is little evidence on the effects of stressful exercise on susceptibility to the principal etiological agents of human respiratory infections, including influenza viruses. This study examined the effects of stressful exercise on susceptibility to influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1)). Mice were assigned to one of two groups: exercise (Ex) or control (Con). Exercise consisted of a treadmill run to volitional fatigue ( approximately 120 min) performed on three consecutive days. Fifteen minutes after the last bout of exercise or rest, mice (n=20-21/group) were intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of influenza virus (0.25 HAU). Mice were monitored daily for morbidity (time to sickness), symptom severity and mortality (time to death) for 21 days. Exercise stress was associated with an increase in susceptibility to infection (morbidity, mortality and symptom severity on days 6 and 7; P<0.05). These data from a controlled influenza virus challenge model add significantly to the growing body of evidence that severe exercise can increase susceptibility to URTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Murphy
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, PHRC #301, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Davis JM, Murphy EA, McClellan JL, Carmichael MD, Gangemi JD. Quercetin reduces susceptibility to influenza infection following stressful exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R505-9. [PMID: 18579649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90319.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise stress is associated with increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection. We have shown that exercise stress can increase susceptibility to infection. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, has been reported to inhibit infectivity and replication of a broad spectrum of viruses and may offset the increase in susceptibility to infection associated with stressful exercise. This study examined the effects of quercetin feedings on susceptibility to the influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) following stressful exercise. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: exercise-placebo, exercise-quercetin, control-placebo, or control-quercetin. Exercise consisted of a run to fatigue (approximately 140 min) on a treadmill for 3 consecutive days. Quercetin (12.5 mg/kg) was administered via gavage for 7 days before viral challenge. At 30 min after the last bout of exercise or rest, mice (n=23-30) were intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of influenza virus (0.04 hemagglutinating units). Mice were monitored daily for morbidity (time to sickness), symptom severity, and mortality (time to death) for 21 days. Exercise stress was associated with an increased susceptibility to infection [morbidity, mortality, and symptom severity on days 5-7 (P<0.05)]; quercetin offset the increase in susceptibility to infection [morbidity, mortality, and symptom severity on days 5-7 (P<0.05)] that was associated with stressful exercise. These data suggest that short-term quercetin feedings may prove to be an effective strategy to lessen the impact of stressful exercise on susceptibility to respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Davis
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, PHRC #301, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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