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Lin X, Zhang K, Li C, Liu K, Sun Y, Wu W, Liu K, Yi X, Wang X, Qu Z, Liu X, Xing Y, Walker MJ, Gong Q, Liu R, Xu X, Lin CH, Sun G. Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin alleviates heat stress-induced cognitive deficits in aged and young adult male mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176631. [PMID: 38692425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dasatinib and quercetin (D & Q) have demonstrated promise in improving aged-related pathophysiological dysfunctions in humans and mice. Herein we aimed to ascertain whether the heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive deficits in aged or even young adult male mice can be reduced by D & Q therapy. METHODS Before the onset of HS, animals were pre-treated with D & Q or placebo for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks over a 10-week period. Cognitive function, intestinal barrier permeability, and blood-brain barrier permeability were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the non-HS young adult male mice, the HS young adult male mice or the aged male mice had significantly lesser extents of the exacerbated stress reactions, intestinal barrier disruption, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress, and cognitive deficits evaluated at 7 days post-HS. All the cognitive deficits and other syndromes that occurred in young adult HS mice or in aged HS mice were significantly attenuated by D & Q therapy (P < 0.01). Compared to the young adult HS mice, the aged HS mice had significantly (P < 0.01) higher severity of cognitive deficits and other related syndromes. CONCLUSIONS First, our data show that aged male mice are more vulnerable to HS-induced cognitive deficits than those of the young adult male mice. Second, we demonstrate that a combination of D and Q therapy attenuates cognitive deficits in heat stressed aged or young adult male mice via broad normalization of the brain-gut-endotoxin axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology and Stress Biology of PLA, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kangli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology and Stress Biology of PLA, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology and Stress Biology of PLA, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of General Medicine, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xeuqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Frankston ED, Peninsula Health, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Rd, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia
| | - Zixuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology and Stress Biology of PLA, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yao Xing
- Wuhan United Imaging Life Science Instrument Co., Ltd., 99 Gaokeyuan Rd., Wuhan East High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - M J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qinglei Gong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Gang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology and Stress Biology of PLA, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Li Y, Pan M, Meng S, Xu W, Wang S, Dou M, Zhang C. The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidation, Inflammation, Tight Junction Integrity, and Apoptosis in Heat-Stressed Bovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2042-2051. [PMID: 37648935 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) have diverse applications in numerous biomedical processes. The present study explored the effects of these nanoparticles on antioxidation, inflammation, tight junction integrity, and apoptosis in heat-stressed bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). Primary BIECs that were isolated and cultured from calves either were subjected to heat stress alone (42°C for 6 h) or were simultaneously heat-stressed and treated with nano-ZnO (0.8 μg/mL). Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of genes involved in antioxidation (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1, and GCLM), inflammation-related genes (TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), intestinal barrier genes (Claudin, Occludin, and ZO-1), and apoptosis-related genes (Cyt-c, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) were assessed to evaluate the effect of nano-ZnO on heat-stressed BIECs. The nanoparticles significantly increased cell viability and decreased the rate of apoptosis of BIECs induced by heat stress. In addition, nano-ZnO promoted the expression of antioxidant-related genes HO-1 and GCLM and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-10, and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes IL-6 and IL-8. The nanoparticles also enhanced expression of the Claudin and ZO-1 genes, and decreased expression of the apoptosis-related genes Cyt-c and Caspase-3. These results reveal that nano-ZnO improve the antioxidant and immune capacity of BIECs and mitigate apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells induced by heat stress. Thus, nano-ZnO have potential for detrimental the adverse effects of heat stress in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Pan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sudan Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Wang H, Ülgen M, Trajkovski M. Importance of temperature on immuno-metabolic regulation and cancer progression. FEBS J 2024; 291:832-845. [PMID: 36152006 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies emerge as promising strategies for restricting tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a major impact on the anti-tumour immune response and on the efficacy of the immunotherapies. Recent studies have linked changes in the ambient temperature with particular immuno-metabolic reprogramming and anti-cancer immune response in laboratory animals. Here, we describe the energetic balance of the organism during change in temperature, and link this to the immune alterations that could be of relevance for cancer, as well as for other human diseases. We highlight the contribution of the gut microbiota in modifying this interaction. We describe the overall metabolic response and underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis in mouse models at varying ambient temperatures and shed light on their potential importance in developing therapeutics against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melis Ülgen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang K, Ruiz-González A, Räisänen SE, Ouellet V, Boucher A, Rico DE, Niu M. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D 3 and calcium partially recover the compromised time budget and circadian rhythm of lying behavior in lactating cows under heat stress. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1707-1718. [PMID: 37863290 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) impedes cattle behavior and performance and is an animal comfort and welfare issue. The objective of this study was to characterize the time budget and circadian rhythm of lying behavior in dairy cows during HS and to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg milk/d; 83 ± 27 d in milk) housed in tiestalls were used in a split-plot design with the concentration of dietary vitamin E and Se as main plots (LESe: 11.1 IU/kg and 0.55 mg/kg, and HESe: 223 IU/kg and 1.8 mg/kg, respectively). Within each plot cows were randomly assigned to (1) HS with low concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (HS, 1,012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively), (2) HS with high concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (HS+D3/Ca; 3,764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), or (3) thermoneutral pair-fed (TNPF) with low concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively) in a Latin square design with 14-d periods and 7-d washouts. Lying behavior was measured with HOBO Loggers in 15-min intervals. Overall, cows in HS spent less time lying per day relative to TNPF from d 7 to 14. Daily lying time was positively correlated with milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, and feed efficiency, and was negatively correlated with rectal temperature, respiratory rate, fecal calprotectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. A treatment by time interaction was observed for lying behavior: the time spent lying was lesser for cows in HS than in TNPF in the early morning (0000-0600 h) and in the night (1800-2400 h). The circadian rhythm of lying behavior was characterized by fitting a cosine function of time into linear mixed model. Daily rhythmicity of lying was detected for cows in TNPF and HS+D3/Ca, whereas only a tendency in HS cows was observed. Cows in TNPF had the highest mesor (the average level of diurnal fluctuations; 34.2 min/h) and amplitude (the distance between the peak and mesor; 17.9 min/h). Both the mesor and amplitude were higher in HS+D3/Ca relative to HS (26.6 vs. 25.2 min/h and 3.91 min/h vs. 2.18 min/h, respectively). The acrophase (time of the peak) of lying time in TNPF, HS, and HS+D3/Ca were 0028, 0152, and 0054 h, respectively. Lastly, a continuous increase in daily lying time in TNPF was observed during the first 4 d of the experimental period in which DMI was gradually restricted, suggesting that intake restrictions may shift feeding behavior and introduce biases in the behavior of animals. In conclusion, lying behavior was compromised in dairy cows under HS, characterizing reduced daily lying time and disrupted circadian rhythms, and the compromised lying behavior can be partially restored by supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca. Further research may be required for a more suitable model to study behavior of cows under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - A Ruiz-González
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, G0A 1S0, Canada; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - V Ouellet
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Boucher
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, G0A 1S0, Canada.
| | - M Niu
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
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Silva-Guillen YV, Arellano C, Wiegert J, Boyd RD, Martínez GE, van Heugten E. Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:27. [PMID: 38369504 PMCID: PMC10875789 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs, leading to significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance, intestinal health, and oxidative and immune status in growing pigs housed under heat stress conditions. METHODS Duplicate experiments were conducted, each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7 ± 3.8 and 43.9 ± 3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week, respectively. Pigs (n = 128) were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments (thermo-neutral (21.2 °C) or heat-stressed (30.9 °C)) and 4 supplementation treatments (control diet; control + 100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water; control + 200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed; or control + 400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed). RESULTS Heat stress for 28 d reduced (P ≤ 0.001) final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake (-7.4 kg, -26.7%, and -25.4%, respectively) but no effects of supplementation were detected (P > 0.05). Serum vitamin E increased (P < 0.001) with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed (1.64 vs. 3.59 and 1.64 vs. 3.24), but not for the botanical extract (1.64 vs. 1.67 mg/kg) and was greater when supplemented in water vs. feed (P = 0.002). Liver vitamin E increased (P < 0.001) with vitamin E supplementations in water (3.9 vs. 31.8) and feed (3.9 vs. 18.0), but not with the botanical extract (3.9 vs. 4.9 mg/kg). Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2, but increased on d 28 (interaction, P < 0.001), and was greater (P < 0.05) for antioxidant supplementation compared to control. Cellular proliferation was reduced (P = 0.037) in the jejunum under heat stress, but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress (interaction, P = 0.04). Tumor necrosis factor-α in jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress (P < 0.05) and was reduced by vitamin E supplementations under heat stress (interaction, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wiegert
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - R Dean Boyd
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Animal Nutrition Research, LLC, Alvaton, KY, 42122, USA
| | - Gabriela E Martínez
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Eric van Heugten
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Yu Z, Cantet JM, Paz HA, Kaufman JD, Orellano MS, Ipharraguerre IR, Ríus AG. Heat stress-associated changes in the intestinal barrier, inflammatory signals, and microbiome communities in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1175-1196. [PMID: 37730180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that heat stress pathophysiology is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, local and systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. However, inconclusive results and a poor description of tissue-specific changes must be addressed to identify potential intervention targets against heat stress illness in growing calves. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate components of the intestinal barrier, pro- and anti-inflammatory signals, and microbiota community composition in Holstein bull calves exposed to heat stress. Animals (mean age = 12 wk old; mean body weight = 122 kg) penned individually in temperature-controlled rooms were assigned to (1) thermoneutral conditions (constant room temperature at 19.5°C) and restricted offer of feed (TNR, n = 8), or (2) heat stress conditions (cycles of room temperatures ranging from 20 to 37.8°C) along with ad libitum offer of feed (HS, n = 8) for 7 d. Upon treatment completion, sections of the jejunum, ileum, and colon were collected and snap-frozen immediately to evaluate gene and protein expression, cytokine concentrations, and myeloperoxidase activity. Digesta aliquots of the ileum, colon, and rectum were collected to assess bacterial communities. Plasma was harvested on d 2, 5, and 7 to determine cytokine concentrations. Overall, results showed a section-specific effect of HS on intestinal integrity. Jejunal mRNA expression of TJP1 was decreased by 70.9% in HS relative to TNR calves. In agreement, jejunal expression of heat shock transcription factor-1 protein, a known tight junction protein expression regulator, decreased by 48% in HS calves. Jejunal analyses showed that HS decreased concentrations of IL-1α by 36.6% and tended to decrease the concentration of IL-17A. Conversely, HS elicited a 3.5-fold increase in jejunal concentration of anti-inflammatory IL-36 receptor antagonist. Plasma analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines showed that IL-6 decreased by 51% in HS relative to TNR calves. Heat stress alteration of the large intestine bacterial communities was characterized by increased genus Butyrivibrio_3, a known butyrate-producing organism, and changes in bacteria metabolism of energy and AA. A strong positive correlation between the rectal temperature and pro-inflammatory Eggerthii spp. was detected in HS calves. In conclusion, this work indicates that HS impairs the intestinal barrier function of jejunum. The pro- and anti-inflammatory signal changes may be part of a broader response to restore intestinal homeostasis in jejunum. The changes in large intestine bacterial communities favoring butyrate-producing organisms (e.g., Butyrivibrio spp.) may be part of a successful response to maintain the integrity of the colonic mucosa of HS calves. The alteration of intestinal homeostasis should be the target for heat stress therapies to restore biological functions, and, thus highlights the relevance of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - J M Cantet
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - H A Paz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - J D Kaufman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - M S Orellano
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Córdoba 5900, Argentina
| | - I R Ipharraguerre
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - A G Ríus
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996.
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Wijffels G, Sullivan ML, Stockwell S, Briscoe S, Pearson R, Li Y, Macs AM, Sejian V, McCulloch R, Olm JCW, Cawdell-Smith J, Gaughan JB. Comparing the responses of grain-fed feedlot cattle under moderate heat load and during subsequent recovery with those of feed-restricted thermoneutral counterparts: blood cells and inflammatory markers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:211-227. [PMID: 38092991 PMCID: PMC10794350 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the climate projections for livestock rearing regions globally, understanding the inflammatory status of livestock under various heat loads will be informative to animal welfare and management. A survey of plasma inflammatory markers was conducted, and blood leucocyte counts followed to investigate the capacity of the ~ 500 kg grain fed Black Angus steer to respond to and recover from a moderate heat load challenge. Two sequential cohorts of 12 steers were housed in climate-controlled rooms (CCR) for 18 days. A thermally challenged (TC) group (n = 2 × 6) experienced five consecutive periods: PreChallenge, Challenge, and Recovery within the CCR, and 40 days in outdoor pens (PENS and Late PENS). PreChallenge (5 days) and Recovery (7 days) delivered thermoneutral conditions, whereas in Challenge the TC steers experienced a diurnal temperature range of 28-35 °C. A feed-restricted thermoneutral (FRTN) treatment (n = 2 × 6) was run concurrently to differentiate between responses to reduced feed intake alone and moderate heat stress. Blood neutrophil counts were particularly sensitive to moderate heat load with higher numbers during Challlenge and in PENs. The plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL-1β were depressed in the TC group compared to the FRTN counterparts and remained so for 40 days after Challenge. Linear relationships of the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and haptoglobin with rumen temperature or dry matter intake detected in the FRTN group were altered or absent in the TC group. The findings suggest significant impacts of moderate heat load on the inflammatory status of feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia.
| | - M L Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - S Stockwell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - S Briscoe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - R Pearson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Y Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - A M Macs
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - V Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - R McCulloch
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - J C W Olm
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J Cawdell-Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
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Kvidera SK, Mayorga EJ, McCarthy CS, Horst EA, Abeyta MA, Baumgard LH. Effects of supplemental citrulline on thermal and intestinal morphology parameters during heat stress and feed restriction in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae120. [PMID: 38812469 PMCID: PMC11143481 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Study objectives were to characterize the effects of citrulline (CIT) on physiological and intestinal morphology metrics during heat stress (HS) and feed restriction. Forty crossbred gilts (30 ± 2 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to one of five treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (AL) with control (CON) supplement (TNAL; n = 8), (2) TN pair-fed (PF) with CON (PF-CON; n = 8), (3) TN PF with CIT (PF-CIT; n = 8), (4) HS AL with CON (HS-CON; n = 8), and (5) HS AL with CIT (HS-CIT; n = 8). During the period (P) 1 (7 d), pigs were in TN conditions (23.6 °C) and fed AL their respective supplemental treatments. During P2 (2.5 d), HS-CON and HS-CIT pigs were fed AL and exposed to cyclical HS (33.6 to 38.3 °C), while TNAL, PF-CON, and PF-CIT remained in TN and were fed either AL or PF to their HS counterparts. Citrulline (0.13 g/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), and respiration rate (RR) relative to TN pigs (0.8 °C, 4.7 °C, and 47 breaths/min, respectively; P < 0.01). However, HS-CIT had decreased RR (7 breaths/min, P = 0.04) and a tendency for decreased Tr (0.1 °C, P = 0.07) relative to HS-CON pigs. During P2, HS pigs had decreased feed intake (22%; P < 0.01) and a tendency for decreased average daily gain (P = 0.08) relative to TNAL pigs, and by experimental design, PF pigs followed this same pattern. Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein tended to be decreased (29%; P = 0.08) in PF relative to TNAL pigs and was increased (41%; P = 0.03) in HS compared to PF pigs. Jejunum villus height was decreased in PF relative to TNAL pigs (15%; P = 0.03); however, CIT supplementation improved this metric during feed restriction (16%; P = 0.10). Jejunum mucosal surface area decreased in PF (16%; P = 0.02) and tended to decrease in HS (11%; P = 0.10) compared to TNAL pigs. Ileum villus height and mucosal surface area decreased in HS compared to TNAL pigs (10 and 14%, respectively; P ≤ 0.04), but both parameters were rescued by CIT supplementation (P ≤ 0.08). Intestinal myeloperoxidase and goblet cell area remained similar among treatments and intestinal segments (P > 0.24). In summary, CIT supplementation slightly improved RR and Tr during HS. Feed restriction and HS differentially affected jejunum and ileum morphology and while CIT ameliorated some of these effects, the benefit appeared dependent on intestinal section and stressor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Carrie S McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Erin A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Megan A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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9
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Mayorga EJ, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Opgenorth J, Moeser AJ, Baumgard LH. Investigating intestinal mast cell dynamics during acute heat stress in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae030. [PMID: 38290531 PMCID: PMC10889722 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to examine the temporal pattern of intestinal mast cell dynamics and the effects of a mast cell stabilizer (ketotifen [Ket]) during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n = 42; 32.3 ± 1.9 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 environmental-therapeutic treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) control (TNCon; n = 6), (2) 2 h HS control (2 h HSCon; n = 6), (3) 2 h HS + Ket (2 h HSKet; n = 6); (4) 6 h HSCon (n = 6), (5) 6 h HSKet (n = 6), (6) 12 h HSCon (n = 6), or (7) 12 h HSKet (n = 6). Following 5 d of acclimation to individual pens, pigs were enrolled in two experimental periods (P). During P1 (3 d), pigs were housed in TN conditions (21.5 ± 0.8 °C) for the collection of baseline measurements. During P2, TNCon pigs remained in TN conditions for 12 h, while HS pigs were exposed to constant HS (38.1 ± 0.2 °C) for either 2, 6, or 12 h. Pigs were euthanized at the end of P2, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Regardless of time or therapeutic treatment, pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to their TNCon counterparts (1.9 °C, 6.9° C, and 119 breaths/min; P < 0.01). As expected, feed intake and BW gain markedly decreased in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P < 0.01). Irrespective of therapeutic treatment, circulating corticotropin-releasing factor decreased from 2 to 12 h of HS relative to TNCon pigs (P < 0.01). Blood cortisol increased at 2 h of HS (2-fold; P = 0.04) and returned to baseline by 6 h. Plasma histamine (a proxy of mast cell activation) remained similar across thermal treatments and was not affected by Ket administration (P > 0.54). Independent of Ket or time, HS increased mast cell numbers in the jejunum (94%; P < 0.01); however, no effects of HS on mast cell numbers were detected in the ileum or colon. Jejunum and ileum myeloperoxidase area remained similar among treatments (P > 0.58) but it tended to increase (12%; P = 0.08) in the colon in HSCon relative to TNCon pigs. Circulating lymphocytes and basophils decreased in HSKet relative to TN and HSCon pigs (P ≤ 0.06). Blood monocytes and eosinophils were reduced in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P < 0.01). In summary, HS increased jejunum mast cell numbers and altered leukocyte dynamics and proinflammatory biomarkers. However, Ket administration had no effects on mast cell dynamics measured herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Megan A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Brady M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Julie Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Oki K, Ward JA, Ward SM, Plamper ML, Henderson CG, Mayer TA, Caldwell AR, Leon LR. Vancomycin modestly attenuates symptom severity during onset of and recovery from exertional heat stroke in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1348-1359. [PMID: 37881848 PMCID: PMC10979831 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00368.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability during exertion and subsequent leakage of bacteria into circulation is hypothesized to accelerate exertional heat stroke (EHS) onset and/or exacerbate EHS severity. To provide proof of concept for this theory, we targeted intestinal microbiota via antibiotic prophylaxis and determined whether vancomycin would delay EHS onset and/or mitigate EHS severity and mortality rates using a mouse model of EHS. Mice were 1) designated as EHS or Exercise Control (ExC) and 2) given 7 days of vancomycin (VEHS, VExC) or untreated water (EHS, ExC) before EHS/Exercise. Following EHS/ExC, mice were euthanized immediately (0 h) or returned to their home cage (25°C) and euthanized after 3 h or 24 h. VEHS mice exhibited reduced abundance and altered composition of fecal bacteria (with notable decreases in genera within orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales); increased water consumption, lower core temperature (TC) before and during heating (TCMax), lower circulating markers of organ damage and inflammation at 24 h; and reduced hepatic activation of stress pathways at 0 and 3 h compared with EHS mice. Vancomycin-induced alterations to the intestinal microbiota likely influenced EHS outcomes, but it is unconfirmed whether this is due to attenuated bacterial leakage into circulation or other (in)direct effects on physiology and behavior (e.g., decreased TC, increased water consumption). To our knowledge, this is the first study quantitating antibiotic effects in conscious/unanesthetized, exertional HS animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vancomycin prophylaxis lowered core temperature before and during EHS, mitigated EHS-associated rise of hepatic biomarkers and cytokines/chemokines in circulation (particularly at 24 h), and corresponded to inhibited phosphorylation of hepatic c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase on Threonine 183/Tyrosine 185 at 0 and 3 h in conscious, unanesthetized mice. However, vancomycin also induced cecal enlargement suggesting its off-target effects could limit its utility against EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jermaine A Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shauna M Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark L Plamper
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chloe G Henderson
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas A Mayer
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lisa R Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Al-Qaisi M, Abdelqader A, Abuajamieh M, Abedal-Majed MA, Al-Fataftah ARA. Impacts of dietary betaine on rectal temperature, laying performance, metabolism, intestinal morphology, and follicular development in heat-exposed laying hens. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103714. [PMID: 37740994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This experiment assessed the influences of betaine (BET; 2000 mg/kg) on rectal temperature (Tr), laying performance, metabolism, intestinal morphology, and follicular development in heat-stressed hens. One-hundred and twenty-eight Hisex white hens (42wks) were housed in 4 battery cages (8 pens/cage; 4 hens/pen) and divided into 4 treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) environments and a control diet (TNCON), 2) TN and a diet accompanied with BET (TNBET), 3) heat stress (HS) environments and a control diet (HSCON), or 4) HS and a diet accompanied with BET (HSBET). Following acclimation (15d), hens of TNCON and TNBET remained in TN, while HSCON and HSBET hens were subjected to cyclical HS (5d; 16.9-37.5 °C). Cyclical HS increased Tr compared with TN hens (1.6 °C; P < 0.01), but supplemental BET decreased Tr (0.4 °C; P < 0.01). Relative to TN treatments, HS declined egg production, weight, and mass (18, 4.2, and 26%, respectively; P < 0.01), but BET ameliorated the egg production and mass (13.1 and 16.2%, respectively; P < 0.01). Compared with HSCON, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were improved in HSBET hens (12.3 and 6.25%, respectively; P ≥ 0.03). Relative to TN hens, HS elevated glucose and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (15 and 4%, respectively; P ≤ 0.04). Supplemental BET decreased BUN levels (6.6%; P < 0.01) relative to HSCON hens. Furthermore, HS diminished jejunal villus height and villus surface area (∼27 and 35%, respectively; P < 0.01) relative to TN hens but were unaltered by BET supplementation. Relative to TN hens, HS decreased oviduct's weight, ovary's length, and ovarian primordial and primary follicles count (18, 23, 34 and 44%, respectively; P < 0.01) and caused fibrosis in shell gland (3-fold; P = 0.05). Collectively, HS impaired productivity, metabolism, intestinal architecture, and reproductive efficiency. Feeding BET reduced Tr, improved laying performance, and slightly altered metabolism but did not affect intestinal and follicular measurements in heat-stressed hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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12
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Wickramasinghe HKJP, Stepanchenko N, Oconitrillo MJ, Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Gorden PJ, Baumgard LH, Appuhamy JADRN. Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on weaned dairy heifer calves subjected to a diurnal heat stress bout. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6114-6127. [PMID: 37479578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), inflammation, and oxidative stress markers of heifer calves exposed to a heat stress bout in the summer. A total of18 Holstein and 4 Jersey heifer calves (192 ± 5 kg of body weight at 162 ± 16 d of age) housed in indoor stalls were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (n = 11; 9 Holstein and 2 Jersey): (1) a basal total mixed ration (CTL), and (2) CTL top-dressed with 0.25 g/d of PFA. Following 7 d of acclimation, baseline measurements were made over 7 d under regular summer conditions [average temperature-humidity index (THI) = 79 from 0900 to 2000 h, and 75 from 2000 to 0900 h]. Calves were then subjected to a 7-d cyclic heat stress bout (HS) by turning on barn heaters and increasing the barn temperature to 33.0°C only during the daytime (the average THI = 85 from 0900 to 2000 h). The study continued for an extra 4-d period after HS ended (post-HS). The HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate from the baseline by 1.0°C, 4.0°C, and 49 breaths/min, respectively. The drinking water intake increased by 32% in response to HS, and calves continued to consume more water (44%) than the baseline consumption even after HS ended. The treatment × time interactions were not significant for feed intake, ADG, partial pressure of O2 in the blood, and blood concentrations of inflammation markers such as haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and antioxidant markers such as protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The PFA tended to increase daytime DMI (0.24 kg/d) compared with CTL throughout the experiment but did not affect ADG, which decreased from 1.12 kg/d to 0.26 kg/d in response to HS. Both DMI (13%) and ADG (85%) increased during post-HS relative to baseline, indicating compensatory performances that were not affected by the PFA. Serum haptoglobin and plasma LBP concentrations of PFA calves were 44% and 38% lower than that of CTL calves across all time points. The PFA decreased O2 pressure and tended to decrease protein carbonyl concentration in the blood across all time points. The PFA tended to decrease TBARS concentration on the first day of HS and increase and decrease the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione in the blood during the baseline and post-HS periods, respectively. Despite the lack of growth improvements, feeding PFA seems to increase O2 levels in the blood and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation of heifer calve exposed to diurnal heat waves (~7 d) in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M J Oconitrillo
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - P J Gorden
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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13
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Chia DKA, Demuytere J, Ernst S, Salavati H, Ceelen W. Effects of Hyperthermia and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion on the Peritoneal and Tumor Immune Contexture. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4314. [PMID: 37686590 PMCID: PMC10486595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia combined with intraperitoneal (IP) drug delivery is increasingly used in the treatment of peritoneal metastases (PM). Hyperthermia enhances tumor perfusion and increases drug penetration after IP delivery. The peritoneum is increasingly recognized as an immune-privileged organ with its own distinct immune microenvironment. Here, we review the immune landscape of the healthy peritoneal cavity and immune contexture of peritoneal metastases. Next, we review the potential benefits and unwanted tumor-promoting effects of hyperthermia and the associated heat shock response on the tumor immune microenvironment. We highlight the potential modulating effect of hyperthermia on the biomechanical properties of tumor tissue and the consequences for immune cell infiltration. Data from translational and clinical studies are reviewed. We conclude that (mild) hyperthermia and HIPEC have the potential to enhance antitumor immunity, but detailed further studies are required to distinguish beneficial from tumor-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl K. A. Chia
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jesse Demuytere
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Experimental Surgery Lab, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.E.); (H.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Ernst
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Experimental Surgery Lab, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.E.); (H.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hooman Salavati
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Experimental Surgery Lab, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.E.); (H.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Experimental Surgery Lab, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.E.); (H.S.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of GI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Foster J, Mckenna ZJ, Atkins WC, Jarrard CP, Crandall CG. Aging Increases Enterocyte Damage during a 3-Hour Exposure to Very Hot and Dry Heat: A Preliminary Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1088. [PMID: 37626974 PMCID: PMC10451985 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Profound heat stress can damage the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation from the gut and subsequent systemic inflammation. Despite the greater vulnerability of older people to heat wave-related morbidity and mortality, it is unknown if age modulates gastrointestinal barrier damage and inflammation during heat stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if aging impacted enterocyte damage and systemic inflammatory responses to a 3-h exposure to very hot and dry (47 °C, 15% humidity) heat with accompanying activities of daily living (intermittent activity at 3 METS). Data from 16 young (age 21 to 39 years) and 16 older (age 65 to 76 years) humans were used to address this aim. In each group, log-transformed plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABPlog), interleukin-8 (IL-8log), and tissue factor (TFlog) were assessed as indices of enterocyte damage, systemic inflammation, and blood coagulation, respectively, before and after the 3-h heat exposure. In the younger cohort, I-FABPlog concentration did not increase from pre to post heat exposure (p = 0.264, d = 0.20), although it was elevated in the older group (p = 0.014, d = 0.67). The magnitude of the increase in I-FABPlog was greater in the older participants (p = 0.084, d = 0.55). Across all participants, there was no correlation between the change in core temperature and the change in IFABPlog. There was no change in IL-8log in the younger group (p = 0.193, d = 0.23) following heat exposure, but we observed a decrease in IL-8log in the older group (p = 0.047, d = 0.48). TFlog decreased in the younger group (p = 0.071, d = 0.41), but did not change in the older group (p = 0.193, d = 0.15). Our data indicate that I-FABPlog concentration (an index of enterocyte damage) is increased in older humans during a 3-h extreme heat exposure. Future studies should determine whether this marker reflects increased gastrointestinal barrier permeability in older individuals during heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Foster
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (Z.J.M.); (W.C.A.); (C.P.J.); (C.G.C.)
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zachary J. Mckenna
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (Z.J.M.); (W.C.A.); (C.P.J.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Whitley C. Atkins
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (Z.J.M.); (W.C.A.); (C.P.J.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Caitlin P. Jarrard
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (Z.J.M.); (W.C.A.); (C.P.J.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Craig G. Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (Z.J.M.); (W.C.A.); (C.P.J.); (C.G.C.)
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15
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Ruiz-González A, Suissi W, Baumgard LH, Martel-Kennes Y, Chouinard PY, Gervais R, Rico DE. Increased dietary vitamin D 3 and calcium partially alleviate heat stress symptoms and inflammation in lactating Holstein cows independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and selenium. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3984-4001. [PMID: 37164847 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg of milk/d; 83 ± 27 d in milk) were used in a split-plot design testing the effects of mineral and vitamin supplementation on the time course of animal performance, metabolism, and inflammation markers during heat stress. The main plot was the average concentrations of dietary vitamin E and Se (adequate: 11.1 IU/kg of vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg of Se, and high: 223 IU/kg of vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg of Se, respectively). Within each plot, cows were randomly assigned to (1) heat stress (HS) with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively), (2) HS with high concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (HS+D3/Ca; 3,764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), or (3) pair-feeding (PF) in thermoneutrality with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73% Ca) in a Latin square design with 14-d periods and 7-d washouts. The highest rectal temperature was recorded at 1700 h for HS (39.4°C; mean of d 1 to 14), being 1.2 and 0.8°C greater than for PF and HS+D3/Ca, respectively. Respiratory rate and water intake were higher in HS (73 breaths/min and 115 L/d, respectively) relative to PF (28 breaths/min and 76 L/d). Heat stress decreased dry matter intake progressively, reaching a nadir on d 5 to 7 (33% reduction) and was not different between treatments. Milk yield decreased progressively in all treatments, but remained greater in PF relative to HS from d 3 to 14 (10%), whereas HS and HS+D3/Ca were not different. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations and yields were lower in HS relative to PF from d 3 to 14, but not different between HS and HS+D3/Ca. Relative to PF, preprandial insulin concentrations were increased in HS, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acids were decreased on d 7 and 14. Plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations increased in HS cows on d 7 and 14, respectively, relative to PF, whereas they were reduced in HS + D3/Ca on d 14. Plasma C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and fecal calprotectin were increased in HS relative to both PF and HS+D3/Ca on d 7 and 14. Rectal temperature was positively associated with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (r = 0.72), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.74), C-reactive protein (r = 0.87), and with milk somatic cells (r = 0.75). Plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentrations presented a 3-way interaction, where 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was lower in HS than in PF on d 7 and 14, and lower in HS+D3/Ca relative to HS on d 14 in the adequate vitamin E and Se treatment, but no effects were observed in the high vitamin E and Se group. Plasma superoxide dismutase concentrations increased over time, and were higher in HS relative to PF on d 14, whereas HS+D3/Ca was similar to HS. Heat stress markedly reduced milk production and milk components while increasing markers of leaky gut and inflammation. In contrast, vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation reduced hyperthermia (d 7-14), markers of leaky gut, and inflammation independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-González
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - W Suissi
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - Y Martel-Kennes
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada.
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Koch F, Otten W, Sauerwein H, Reyer H, Kuhla B. Mild heat stress-induced adaptive immune response in blood mononuclear cells and leukocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes of primiparous lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3008-3022. [PMID: 36894431 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects the metabolism and physiology of the bovine gut. However, it is not known whether heat stress induces an inflammatory response in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), the primary origin of gut immune cells, and thus contributes to inflammatory processes in the circulation. Therefore, our objective was to elucidate the effects of chronic heat stress on the systemic activation of acute-phase response in blood, proinflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the activation of the toll-like receptor signaling (TLR) 2/4 pathway in MLN leucocytes and their chemokines and chemokine receptor profiles in Holstein cows. Primiparous Holstein cows (n = 30; 169 ± 9 d in milk) were exposed to a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 60 [16°C, 63% relative humidity (RH)] for 6 d. Thereafter, cows were evenly assigned to 3 groups: heat-stressed (HS; 28°C, 50% RH, THI = 76), control (CON; 16°C, 69% RH, THI = 60), or pair-feeding (PF; 16°C, 69% RH, THI = 60) for 7 d. On d 6, PBMC were isolated and on d 7 MLN. Plasma haptoglobin, TNFα, and IFNγ concentrations increased more in HS than CON cows. Concomitantly, TNFA mRNA abundance was higher in PBMC and MLN leucocytes of HS than PF cows, whereas IFNG mRNA abundance tended to be higher in MLN leucocytes of HS than PF cows, but not for chemokines (CCL20, CCL25) or chemokine receptors (ITGB7, CCR6, CCR7, CCR9). Furthermore, the TLR2 protein expression tended to be more abundant in MLN leucocytes of HS than PF cows. These results suggest that heat stress induced an adaptive immune response in blood, PBMC, and MLN leukocytes involving the acute-phase protein haptoglobin, proinflammatory cytokine production, and TLR2 signaling in MLN leucocytes. However, chemokines regulating the leucocyte trafficking between MLN and gut seem not to be involved in the adaptive immune response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Koch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Winfried Otten
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- University of Bonn, Institute of Animal Science, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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17
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Brownlow MA, Mizzi JX. Pathophysiology of exertional heat illness in the Thoroughbred racehorse: Broadening perspective to include an exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome in which endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation may contribute to the condition. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Xavier Mizzi
- Department of Regulation, Welfare and Biosecurity Policy The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse Sha Tin Hong Kong
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Hii HP, Lo WZ, Fu YH, Chen MH, Shih CC, Tsao CM, Ka SM, Chiu YL, Wu CC, Shih CC. Improvement in heat stress-induced multiple organ dysfunction and intestinal damage through protection of intestinal goblet cells from prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol. Life Sci 2022; 310:121039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zheng Y, Zhao Y, He W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H, Wang W, Li S. Novel organic selenium source hydroxy-selenomethionine counteracts the blood-milk barrier disruption and inflammatory response of mice under heat stress. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054128. [PMID: 36532046 PMCID: PMC9757697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in summer has caused huge economic losses to animal husbandry production recently. When mammary gland is exposed to high temperatures, it will cause blood-milk barrier damage. Hydroxy-selenomethionine (HMSeBA) is a new selenium source with better guarantee of animals' production performance under stress, but whether it has protective effect on heat stress-induced blood-milk damage is still unclear. We established mammary epithelial cells and mice heat stress injury models to fill this research gap, and hope to provide theoretical basis for using HMSeBA to alleviate heat stress damage mammary gland. The results showed that (1) Heat stress significantly decreases in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell viability (P < 0.01), and significantly decreases clinical score, histological score, and total alveoli area of mice mammary gland tissue (P < 0.01). (2) HMSeBA significantly increases TEER and fluorescein sodium leakage of HS-induced monolayer BMECs (P < 0.01), significantly improves the milk production and total area of alveoli (P < 0.01), and reduces clinical score, histological score, mRNA expression of heat stress-related proteins, and inflammatory cytokines release of heat-stressed mice (P < 0.01). (3) HMSeBA significantly improves tight junction structure damage, and significantly up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin 1, and occludin) as well as signal molecules PI3K, AKT, and mTOR (P < 0.01) in heat-stressed mammary tissue. (4) HMSeBA significantly increases glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase release (SOD) (P < 0.01) and significantly reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) expression (P < 0.01) in heat-stressed mammary tissue. In conclusion, this study implemented heat-stressed cell and mice model and showed that HMSeBA significantly regulate antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation, and regulate tight junction proteins expression in blood-milk barrier via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, so as to alleviate mammary gland damage and ensure its structure and function integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Shengli Li,
| | - Shengli Li
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Shengli Li,
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Heat stress in pigs and broilers: role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:126. [PMCID: PMC9673442 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity, health and welfare. Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress, birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands. Convincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis, a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota, develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress. Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier, gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia, which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs, such as reduced feed intake, decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight. A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural, biochemical, and immunological elements of the intestinal barrier. In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers, the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics were accompanied by an improved productivity, health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress. These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions. Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited, the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity, health and welfare in pigs kept under heat stress conditions.
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21
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Influence of dietary fiber intake and soluble to insoluble fiber ratio on reproductive performance of sows during late gestation under hot climatic conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19749. [PMID: 36396815 PMCID: PMC9671960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated dietary fiber (DF) level and the ratio of soluble fiber (SF): insoluble fiber (ISF) impact on sows' reproductive performance under heat stress. Forty sows at day 90 of gestation were assigned to four treatments. HH diet had, 20% DF, 1:4, SF:ISF ratio; HL, 20% DF, 1:6, SF:ISF ratio; LH, 14% DF, 1:4, SF:ISF, LL, 14% DF, 1:6, SF:ISF. Results showed that; lactation back-fat loss was lower (P < 0.05) in HH . Feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and HL. Farrowing duration shorter (P < 0.05) in HH. Constipation index was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and LH. Weaning piglets' body weight was greater (P < 0.05) in HH than LH and LL. Hair cortisol was lower (P < 0.05) in HH than HL, and LL. Acetate, propionate, isovalerate, and butyrate was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and LH. Plasma zonulin, fecal lipocalin-2 were lower (P < 0.05) in HH, and HL. Superoxide dismutase tended to be higher (P = 0.056) and malondialdehyde tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in HH and HL. We opined that higher levels of dietary fiber and soluble fiber could ameliorate heat stress in gestating sows.
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Vásquez N, Cervantes M, Bernal-Barragán H, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Morales A. Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Heat Stress Differently Affect Performance, Blood Parameters, and Integrity of Intestinal Epithelia of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192529. [PMID: 36230270 PMCID: PMC9559682 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of short- and long-term exposure to heat stress (HS) was analyzed on blood components, performance, and intestinal epithelium integrity of pigs. Eighteen pigs (36.0 ± 3.5 kg BW) were assigned to three groups: thermo-neutral (TN); 2 d exposure to HS (2dHS); and 7 d exposure to HS (7dHS). Blood chemistry and hemogram analyses were performed; small intestine samples were analyzed for mRNA expression and histology. Compared to TN, 2dHS and 7dHS pigs reduced weight gain and feed intake; weight gain was higher in 7dHS than in 2dHS pigs (p < 0.05). White blood cells, platelet, and hematocrit were affected in 2dHS and 7dHS compared to TN pigs (p < 0.05). Short- and long-term exposure to HS affected blood concentration of triglycerides, urea, total protein, and albumin (p ≤ 0.05). Villi-height and crypt-depth decreased in HS pigs (p < 0.01). Mucin-producing and apoptotic cell number increased in 7dHS compared to TN pigs (p < 0.05). Expression of tight-junction-proteins decreased in 2dHS pigs compared to TN and 7dHS pigs (p < 0.05). Short-term exposure of pigs to HS dramatically affects performance, blood components, and integrity of the small intestine epithelia; nevertheless, pigs show signs of recovery at 7 d of HS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Vásquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Miguel Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
| | - Hugo Bernal-Barragán
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Luis Edgar Rodríguez-Tovar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Adriana Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Brugaletta G, Teyssier JR, Rochell SJ, Dridi S, Sirri F. A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934381. [PMID: 35991182 PMCID: PMC9386003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises the yield and quality of poultry products and endangers the sustainability of the poultry industry. Despite being homeothermic, chickens, especially fast-growing broiler lines, are particularly sensitive to HS due to the phylogenetic absence of sweat glands, along with the artificial selection-caused increase in metabolic rates and limited development of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Clinical signs and consequences of HS are multifaceted and include alterations in behavior (e.g., lethargy, decreased feed intake, and panting), metabolism (e.g., catabolic state, fat accumulation, and reduced skeletal muscle accretion), general homeostasis (e.g., alkalosis, hormonal imbalance, immunodeficiency, inflammation, and oxidative stress), and gastrointestinal tract function (e.g., digestive and absorptive disorders, enteritis, paracellular barrier failure, and dysbiosis). Poultry scientists and companies have made great efforts to develop effective solutions to counteract the detrimental effects of HS on health and performance of chickens. Feeding and nutrition have been shown to play a key role in combating HS in chicken husbandry. Nutritional strategies that enhance protein and energy utilization as well as dietary interventions intended to restore intestinal eubiosis are of increasing interest because of the marked effects of HS on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, and gut health. Hence, the present review series, divided into Part I and Part II, seeks to synthesize information on the effects of HS on physiology, gut health, and performance of chickens, with emphasis on potential solutions adopted in broiler chicken nutrition to alleviate these effects. Part I provides introductory knowledge on HS physiology to make good use of the nutritional themes covered by Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brugaletta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Rémi Teyssier
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Samuel J. Rochell
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Sirri,
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Tranter MH, Redfors B, Wright PT, Couch LS, Lyon AR, Omerovic E, Harding SE. Hyperthermia as a trigger for Takotsubo syndrome in a rat model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:869585. [PMID: 35958426 PMCID: PMC9360576 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.869585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome is a well-characterized cause of acute yet reversible heart failure associated with periods of intense emotional stress, often mimicking on presentation an acute coronary syndrome. Animal models of Takotsubo syndrome have been developed, either through the application of a stressor, or administration of exogenous catecholamine. We found that in a model of isoproterenol-induced Takotsubo syndrome in anesthetized rats hyperthermia (40–41°C) would occur after the administration of isoproterenol. Maintenance of this hyperthermia would result in an apical hypocontractility typical of the syndrome, whereas prevention of hyperthermia with active cooling to maintain a euthermic core body temperature prevented (but did not subsequently reverse) apical hypocontractility. In vitro experimentation with isolated cardiomyocytes showed no effect of hyperthermia on either baseline contractility or contractility change after beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. We suggest that the rise in body temperature that is characteristic of catecholamine storm may be a component in the development of Takotsubo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Tranter
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
- Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Matthew H. Tranter
| | - Bjorn Redfors
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter T. Wright
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam S. Couch
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
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Dong Y, Liao W, Tang J, Fei T, Gai Z, Han M. Bifidobacterium BLa80 mitigates colitis by altering gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation. AMB Express 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35670877 PMCID: PMC9174416 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the therapeutic effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 on inflammatory bowel disease. A model of ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administering of 2.5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 8 days. After developing UC, some mice were treated via intragastric administration of BLa80 at a dose of 109 colony-forming units to assess the preventive effects of BLa80 on DSS-induced UC. Compared with non-treated UC model mice, BLa80-treated mice had reduced colon shortening and improvements in colonic tissue structure. Treatment with BLa80 also decreased the serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-17 in mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that BLa80 increased gut microbial diversity in mice and modulated UC-associated imbalances in the gut microbiota. BLa80 selectively promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, including Romboutsia and Adlercreutzia, the abundances of which were negatively correlated with concentration of cellular inflammatory factors. In summary, the study results demonstrated that pretreatment with B. lactis BLa80 reduced intestinal inflammation and altered the gut microbiota, implying that BLa80 is a promising probiotic strain with potential therapeutic function in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Shanghai Business School, 2271# Zhongshanxilu Road, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghui Gai
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare-Bio Probiotics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Wujiang Bridge Road, 1033, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Han
- Shanghai Business School, 2271# Zhongshanxilu Road, Shanghai, 200235, China.
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26
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Carry-over effects of dry period heat stress on the mammary gland proteome and phosphoproteome in the subsequent lactation of dairy cows. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6637. [PMID: 35459770 PMCID: PMC9033811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress during a cow’s dry period disrupts mammary gland remodeling, impairing mammary function and milk production during the subsequent lactation. Yet, proteomic changes in the mammary gland underlying these effects are not yet known. We investigated alterations in the mammary proteome and phosphoproteome during lactation as a result of dry period heat stress using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based approach. Cows were cooled (CL; n = 12) with fans and water soakers in a free stall setting or were heat stressed through lack of access to cooling devices (HT; n = 12) during the entire dry period (approximately 46 days). All cows were cooled postpartum. Mammary biopsies were harvested from a subset of cows (n = 4 per treatment) at 14, 42, and 84 days in milk. Overall, 251 proteins and 224 phosphorylated proteins were differentially abundant in the lactating mammary gland of HT compared to CL cows. Top functions of differentially abundant proteins and phosphoproteins affected were related to immune function and inflammation, amino acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and metabolism, tissue remodeling, and cell stress response. Patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation are indicative of increased oxidative stress, mammary gland restructuring, and immune dysregulation due to prior exposure to dry period heat stress. This study provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of disrupted mammary function and health during lactation arising from prior exposure to dry period heat stress, which might have led to lower milk yields.
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27
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Ajeigbe KO, Oladokun OO, Owonikoko MW, Adegoke GA. Effect of coconut water and milk on heat stress-induced gastrointestinal tract dysmotility in rats: Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14129. [PMID: 35298033 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of coconut water (CCW) and milk (CCM) on gastrointestinal motility {intestinal transit (IT), intestinal fluid accumulation (IFA) and colonic motility}, tissue oxidative, and inflammatory responses in heat-stressed rats were investigated. There were four (4) temperature exposure groups; (i) Control at 30°C, (CON), (ii) heat-stressed (HS) group exposed to the ambiance of 40°C, (iii) heat-stressed pre-treated with coconut water (HS+ CCW), and (iv) coconut milk (HS + CCM). Skin temperatures (ST) and rectal temperatures (RT) were taken daily, before and after 2 hr heat exposure. GE, IT, and IFA were assessed using standard methods while colonic motility was assessed by colonic bead expulsion (CBE) time after the 14-day exposure. Serum cortisol and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokines in intestinal samples were assessed. Stomach and intestinal morphology were equally examined on histomorphometry. Increased GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility were observed in HS. CCW and CCM reversed the increases in GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility in the heat-stressed rats (p < .05). Elevated serum cortisol level and intestinal MDA were significantly reduced in the CCW and CCM treated. Tissue GPx, T-AOC, and T-SOD were all enhanced in HS + CCW and HS + CCM. While tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were suppressed in the HS group, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were enhanced with CCW and CCM. Altered intestinal morphology in the HS was also significantly mitigated by CCW and CCM. We showed that coconut water and milk could ameliorate intestinal dysmotility associated with heat stress via oxidative stress reduction and suppression of inflammatory responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Heat stress impacts negatively on intestinal health and integrity in both humans and animals via oxidative stress and inflammation. Conversely, coconut has demonstrated anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in health and medicinal applications. From the findings of this study, coconut water and milk display beneficial potentials against the untoward heat stress effect on gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olayemi Olutobi Oladokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - Mathew Wasiu Owonikoko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Adeoti Adegoke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
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Burhans W, Rossiter Burhans C, Baumgard L. Invited review: Lethal heat stress: The putative pathophysiology of a deadly disorder in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3716-3735. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Guo Z, Gao S, Ding J, He J, Ma L, Bu D. Effects of Heat Stress on the Ruminal Epithelial Barrier of Dairy Cows Revealed by Micromorphological Observation and Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 12:768209. [PMID: 35096001 PMCID: PMC8793686 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) alters the rumen fermentation of dairy cows thereby affecting the metabolism of rumen papillae and thus the epithelial barrier function. The aim of the present study was to investigate if HS damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelia. Eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows with rumen cannula were randomly equally allocated to two replicates (n = 4), with each replicate being subjected to heat stress or thermal neutrality and pair-feeding in four environmental chambers. Micromorphological observation showed HS aggravated the shedding of the corneum and destroyed the physical barrier of the ruminal epithelium to a certain extent. Transcriptomics analysis of the rumen papillae revealed pathways associated with DNA replication and repair and amino acid metabolism were perturbated, the biological processes including sister chromatid segregation, etc. were up-regulated by HS, while the MAPK and NF-kB cell signaling pathways were downregulated. However, no heat stress-specific change in the expression of tight junction protein or TLR4 signaling was found, suggesting that HS negatively affected the physical barrier of the ruminal epithelium to some extent but did not break the ruminal epithelium. Heat stress invoked mechanisms to maintain the integrity of the rumen epithelial barrier by upregulating the expression of heat shock protein and repairments in rumen papillae. The increase in amino acid metabolism in rumen papillae might affect the nutrient utilization of the whole body. The findings of this study may inform future research to better understand how heat stress affects the physiology and productivity of lactating cows and the development of mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Lees AM, Olm JCW, Lees JC, Gaughan JB. Influence of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the heat load responses of lactating dairy cows during summer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:275-288. [PMID: 34264388 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplementing lactating dairy cows with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production and composition, cow behavior, and physiological responses during summer. Twenty primiparous cows were used and two treatments were imposed: (1) control (CON); and (2) probiotic supplementation (PRO; S. cerevisiae, providing 1010 colony forming units (CFU) per day). Rumen temperature (TRUM, °C) and pH were obtained via rumen boluses. Rumen temperatures were obtained from all cows (n = 20) at 10-min intervals and ruminal pH were obtained from five cow pairs (n = 10) at 10-min intervals. Ambient temperature (TA; °C), relative humidity (RH; %), wind speed (WS; m/s), and solar radiation (SR; W/m2) were recorded at 10-min intervals. The temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated using TA and RH. Cows were milked twice daily. Milk fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), and somatic cell count (SCC, '000) were evaluated on 16 occasions. Cows were observed three times (0800 h; 1200 h; and 1400 h) daily for panting score (PS); respiration rate (RR); posture (standing/lying); shade utilization; and cow activity (eating/drinking/ruminating). Individual PS were used to calculate a mean panting score (MPS) for CON and PRO treatments for each observation. S. cerevisiae did not influence milk yield (P = 0.87), fat (P = 0.82), protein (P = 0.26) or SCC (P = 0.19), although there was a tendency for PRO cows to have higher lactose (P = 0.06). Probiotics did not influence the proportion of cows utilizing shade (P = 0.42); standing (P = 0.41); ruminating (P = 0.72); or drinking (P = 0.40). All cows exhibited an increase in RR (> 24 bpm) at 1200 h and RR showed a steady increase as THI increased (P < 0.0001), regardless of treatment (P = 0.96). Both CON (35.8%) and PRO (40.2%) exhibited an increase in MPS as THI increased from thermoneutral (THI ≤ 74) to very hot (THI ≥ 84.1; P < 0.001). However, PRO cows had lower (2.19 ± 0.09; P < 0.0001) MPS compared with CON (2.54 ± 0.22) cows when THI was categorized as very hot (THI ≥ 84.1). Rumen pH were not influenced by treatment (P = 0.38), however TRUM of PRO cows were 0.2 °C lower across days (P < 0.0001) and hours (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that supplementing cows with S. cerevisiae may support thermoregulation via decreased TRUM and MPS; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | - J C W Olm
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - J C Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
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He Y, Liu Y, Tang J, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Zhao H. Selenium exerts protective effects against heat stress-induced barrier disruption and inflammation response in jejunum of growing pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:496-504. [PMID: 34145905 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) has a negative impact on the intestinal barrier and immune function of pigs. Selenium (Se) may improve intestinal health through affecting selenoproteins. Thus we investigate the protective effect of new organic Se (2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, HMSeBA) on jejunal damage in growing pigs upon HS and integrate potential roles of corresponding selenoproteins. RESULTS HS decreased the villus height and increased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of HSP70, and downregulated (P < 0.05) protein levels of tight junction-related proteins (CLDN-1 and OCLD). HS-induced jejunal damage was associated with the upregulation of four inflammation-related genes and ten selenoprotein-encoding genes, downregulation (P < 0.05) of four selenoprotein-encoding genes and decreased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of GPX4 and SELENOS. Compared with the HS group, HMSeBA supplementation not only elevated the villus height and the ratio of V/C (P < 0:05), but also reduced (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of HSP70 and MDA content, and increased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of OCLD. HMSeBA supplementation downregulated the expression of seven inflammation-related genes, changed the expression of 12 selenoprotein-encoding genes in jejunum mucosa affected by HS, and increased the protein abundance of GPX4, TXNRD1 and SELENOS. CONCLUSION Organic Se supplementation beyond nutritional requirement alleviates the negative effect of HS on the jejunum of growing pigs, and its protective effect is related to the response of corresponding selenoproteins. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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32
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Zheng Y, Xie T, Li S, Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H. Effects of Selenium as a Dietary Source on Performance, Inflammation, Cell Damage, and Reproduction of Livestock Induced by Heat Stress: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820853. [PMID: 35116042 PMCID: PMC8803637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress as a result of global warming has harmful consequences for livestock and is thus becoming an urgent issue for animal husbandry worldwide. Ruminants, growing pigs, and poultry are very susceptible to heat stress because of their fast growth, rapid metabolism, high production levels, and sensitivity to temperature. Heat stress compromises the efficiency of animal husbandry by affecting performance, gastrointestinal health, reproductive physiology, and causing cell damage. Selenium (Se) is an essential nutritional trace element for livestock production, which acts as a structural component in at least 25 selenoproteins (SELs); it is involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, and plays a key role in the antioxidant defense system. Dietary Se supplementation has been confirmed to support gastrointestinal health, production performance, and reproductive physiology under conditions of heat stress. The underlying mechanisms include the regulation of nutrient digestibility influenced by gastrointestinal microorganisms, antioxidant status, and immunocompetence. Moreover, heat stress damage to the gastrointestinal and mammary barrier is closely related to cell physiological functions, such as the fluidity and stability of cellular membranes, and the inhibition of receptors as well as transmembrane transport protein function. Se also plays an important role in inhibiting cell apoptosis and reducing cell inflammatory response induced by heat stress. This review highlights the progress of research regarding the dietary supplementation of Se in the mitigation of heat stress, addressing its mechanism and explaining the effect of Se on cell damage caused by heat stress, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the use of Se to mitigate heat stress in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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33
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Romoser MR, Bidne KL, Baumgard LH, Keating AF, Ross JW. Effects of increased ambient temperature and supplemental altrenogest prior to pregnancy establishment in gilts. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6501333. [PMID: 35018454 PMCID: PMC8865011 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) mitigation strategies are critically needed to combat the substantial economic effects on animal agriculture. The manifestations of seasonal infertility include delayed puberty onset, reduced conception rates, decreased litter size, and increased wean to estrus interval. To assess the effects of HS during early gestation and evaluate the benefit of supplemental altrenogest (ALT) as a mitigation strategy, 30 crossbred postpubertal gilts (157 ± 11 kg body weight) were subjected to estrous synchronization via 14 d oral administration of ALT. Artificial insemination during estrus was performed, and gilts were then placed into one of four treatment groups: HS (35 ± 1 °C for 12 h/31.60 ± 1 °C for 12 h) with (HSALT, n = 7) or without (HSCON, n = 7) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation or thermal neutral (TN; 20 ± 1 °C) conditions with (TNALT, n = 8) or without (TNCON, n = 8) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation until 12 d post-estrus (dpe). Administrating ALT occurred at 0600 hours from 3 to 12 dpe, and rectal temperatures (TR) and respiration rates (RR) were recorded. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on 0, 4, 8, and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized humanely at 12 dpe followed by the collection of ovarian tissue, and uterine flushing for conceptus collection. In HS compared with TN gilts, RR and TR were increased (P < 0.01) but unaffected by ALT supplementation. Feed intake was reduced (P < 0.01) by HS but unaltered by the ALT treatment. Corpora lutea (CL) weight was reduced (P < 0.01) in HSCON gilts when compared with TNCON and HSALT gilts despite progesterone concentrations in serum and luteal tissue not being affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.10). CL diameter was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in HSALT gilts compared with other treatments. Interleukin-1β (IL1B) uterine flush concentration was not affected (P > 0.20) by environment or ALT supplementation, although moderate (P = 0.06) interaction between environment and ALT existed, as IL1B concentration in TNALT was increased (P = 0.03) compared with TNCON gilts. While environment did not affect conceptus development (P = 0.90), ALT supplementation advanced conceptus elongation (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that HS may affect luteal development before pregnancy establishment, and ALT increases conceptus elongation by 12 dpe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Romoser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
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34
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Yong Y, Li J, Gong D, Yu T, Wu L, Hu C, Liu X, Yu Z, Ma X, Gooneratne R, El-Aty AMA, Chen J, Ju X. ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates downregulation of intestinal tight junction proteins in heat stress-induced IBD model in pig. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103103. [PMID: 34879918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In many mammalian species, including pigs, heat stress (HS) detrimentally leads to epithelium damage and increases intestinal permeability. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not thoroughly investigated yet. This study aimed to examine the RIP1/RIP3-ERK1/2 signaling pathway that regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in HS-treated pigs. In in vitro cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), HS induced the expression of tight junction proteins, ZO-1, claudin-1, and claudin-4, that are regulated by the ERK1/2-MAPK signaling pathway. Further, high expression of HSP70 in IPEC-J2 cells induced a significant decrease in receptor-interacting protein 1/3 (RIP1/3), phosphorylated ERK, and tight junction protein claudin-1 (P < 0.05). Necrostatin-1 (A selective inhibitor of RIPK1) suppressed the upregulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 induced by HS, indicating that the RIP1/RIP3 regulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in IPEC-J2 under heat stress. In addition, HS significantly damaged the intestinal morphology characterized by reduction of villus length and crypt depth in in vivo porcine model. Moreover, the expression of tight junction, ZO-1, and claudin-4 were downregulated, whereas phosphorylated p38 and ERK1/2 were upregulated in the duodenum of heat-stressed pigs. Interestingly, a decrease in ZO-1 and claudin-1 was observed in the colon, where phosphorylated ERK1/2 was similar to that in the duodenum. Our results demonstrate that RIP1/RIP3-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in HS-pigs. This finding further advances the intestinal barrier function's underlying mechanisms associated with signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongliang Gong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Tianyue Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lianyun Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Canying Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xingbin Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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35
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Caldwell AR, Oki K, Ward SM, Ward JA, Mayer TA, Plamper ML, King MA, Leon LR. Impact of successive exertional heat injuries on thermoregulatory and systemic inflammatory responses in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1469-1485. [PMID: 34528459 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00160.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine if repeated exertional heat injuries (EHIs) worsen the inflammatory response. We assessed the impact of a single EHI bout (EHI0) or two separate EHI episodes separated by 1 (EHI1), 3 (EHI3), and 7 (EHI7) days in male C57BL/6J mice (n = 236). To induce EHI, mice underwent a forced running protocol until loss of consciousness or core temperature reached ≥ 42.7°C. Blood and tissue samples were obtained 30 min, 3 h, 1 day, or 7 days after the EHI. We observed that mice undergoing repeated EHI (EHI1, EHI3, and EHI7) had longer running distances before collapse (∼528 m), tolerated higher core temperatures (∼0.18°C higher) before collapse, and had higher minimum core temperature (indicative of injury severity) during recovery relative to EHI0 group (∼2.18°C higher; all P < 0.05). Heat resilience was most pronounced when latency was shortest between EHI episodes (i.e., thermal load and running duration highest in EHI1), suggesting the response diminishes with longer recoveries between EHI events. Furthermore, mice experiencing a second EHI exhibited increased serum and liver HSP70, and lower corticosterone, FABP2, MIP-1β, MIP-2, and IP-10 relative to mice experiencing a single EHI typically at 30 min to 3 h after EHI. Our findings indicate that an EHI event may initiate some adaptive processes that provide acute heat resilience to subsequent EHI conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mice undergoing repeated exertional heat injuries, within 1 wk of an initial heat injury, appear to have some protective adaptations. During the second exertional heat injury, mice were able to run longer and sustain higher body temperatures before collapse. Despite this, the mice undergoing a second exertional heat injury were more resilient to the heat as evidenced by attenuated minimum body temperature, higher HPS70 (serum and liver), lower corticosterone, and lower FABP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Caldwell
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Kentaro Oki
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Shauna M Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Jermaine A Ward
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas A Mayer
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Mark L Plamper
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A King
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa R Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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36
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Cantet JM, Yu Z, Ríus AG. Heat Stress-Mediated Activation of Immune-Inflammatory Pathways. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111285. [PMID: 34827223 PMCID: PMC8615052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes in animals exposed to elevated ambient temperature are characterized by the redistribution of blood toward the periphery to dissipate heat, with a consequent decline in blood flow and oxygen and nutrient supply to splanchnic tissues. Metabolic adaptations and gut dysfunction lead to oxidative stress, translocation of lumen contents, and release of proinflammatory mediators, activating a systemic inflammatory response. This review discusses the activation and development of the inflammatory response in heat-stressed models.
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37
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Renaudeau D, Dourmad JY. Review: Future consequences of climate change for European Union pig production. Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 2:100372. [PMID: 34690100 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is already a reality for livestock production. In contrast to the ruminant species, little is known about the impacts and the vulnerability of pig European Union (EU) sector to climate warming. This review deals with the potential and the already measurable effects of climate change in pig production. Based on evidences published in the literature, climate change may reduce EU pig productivity by indirectly reducing the availability of crops usually used in pig feeding, spreading the vector or pathogen to new locations and increasing the risk of exposure to cereals contaminated with mycotoxins; and directly mainly by inducing heat stress and increasing the animal's susceptibility to various diseases. Provision of realistic projections of possible impacts of future climate changes on EU pig sector is a prerequisite to evaluate its vulnerability and propose effective adaptation strategies. Simulation modelling approach is the most commonly used approach for exploring the effects of medium or long-term climate change/variability in pig production. One of the main challenges for this modelling approach is to account for both direct and indirect possible effects but also to uncertainties in parameter values that substantially increase the uncertainty estimates for model projections. The last part of the paper focus on the main issues that still need to be overcome for developing a decision support tools for simulating the direct and indirect effect of climate change in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Renaudeau
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, FR-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| | - J Y Dourmad
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, FR-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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38
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Walter E, W Watt P, Gibson OR, Wilmott AGB, Mitchell D, Moreton R, Maxwell NS. Exercise hyperthermia induces greater changes in gastrointestinal permeability than equivalent passive hyperthermia. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14945. [PMID: 34409760 PMCID: PMC8374382 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia and exertional heat illness increase gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, although whether the latter is only via hyperthermia is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether different changes in GI permeability, characterized by an increased plasma lactulose:rhamnose concentration ratio ([L:R]), occurred in exercise hyperthermia in comparison to equivalent passive hyperthermia. Six healthy adult male participants (age 25 ± 5 years, mass 77.0 ± 6.7 kg, height 181 ± 6 cm, peak oxygen uptake [ V · O 2 peak ] 48 ± 8 ml.kg-1 .min-1 ) underwent exercise under hot conditions (Ex-Heat) and passive heating during hot water immersion (HWI). Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (TCORE ), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and whole-body sweat loss (WBSL) were recorded throughout the trials. The L:R ratio, peak HR, change in HR, and change in RPE were higher in Ex-Heat than HWI, despite no differences in trial duration, peak core temperature or WBSL. L:R was strongly correlated (p < 0.05) with HR peak (r = 0.626) and change in HR (r = 0.615) but no other variable. The greater L:R in Ex-Heat, despite equal TCORE responses to HWI, indicates that increased cardiovascular strain occurred during exercise, and exacerbates hyperthermia-induced GI permeability at the same absolute temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Walter
- Department of Intensive CareRoyal Surrey County HospitalGuildfordUK
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
| | - Peter W Watt
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
| | - Oliver R. Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER)Division of Sport, Health and Exercise SciencesCollege of Health, Medicine, and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Ashley G. B. Wilmott
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences (CCSES)School of Psychology and Sport ScienceAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Dominic Mitchell
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
| | - Robert Moreton
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
| | - Neil S. Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise GroupUniversity of BrightonEastbourneEast SussexUK
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39
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Fung AA, Zhou A, Vanos JK, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:223-244. [PMID: 34527763 PMCID: PMC8436972 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1922261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced intestinal permeability is a pervasive issue in modern medicine, with implications demonstrably associated with significant health consequences such as sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. Key issues involve the trigger mechanisms that could compromise intestinal integrity and increase local permeability allowing the passage of larger, potentially dangerous molecules. Heat stress, whether exertional or environmental, may modulate intestinal permeability and begs interesting questions in the context of global climate change, increasing population vulnerabilities, and public health. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal leakage of digestive enzymes and associated cell dysfunctions--a process referred to as autodigestion--may play a critical role in systemic physiological damage within the body. This increased permeability is exacerbated in the presence of elevated core temperatures. We employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling methods to analyze the relationship between heat stress and the nascent theory of autodigestion in a systematic, quantifiable, and unbiased manner. From a corpus of 11,233 scientific articles across four relevant scientific journals (Gut, Shock, Temperature, Gastroenterology), it was found that over 1,000 documents expressed a relationship between intestine, enhanced permeability, core temperature, and heat stress. The association has grown stronger in recent years, as heat stress and potential autodigestion are investigated in tandem, yet still by a limited number of specific research studies. Such findings justify the design of future studies to critically test novel interventions against digestive enzymes permeating the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andy Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Hypoxia and heat stress affect epithelial integrity in a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13186. [PMID: 34162953 PMCID: PMC8222227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hyperthermia, which can be induced by high environmental temperature or strenuous exercise, are two common stressors that affect intestinal epithelial integrity and lead to multiple clinical symptoms. In this study, we developed an in-vitro intestinal monolayer model using two human colonic epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, co-cultured in Transwell inserts, and investigated the effects of heat treatment and/or hypoxia on the epithelial barrier function. The monolayer with a ratio of 9:1 (Caco-2:HT-29) showed high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), low Lucifer Yellow permeability and high mucin production. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure (2 h) triggered heat shock and oxidative stress responses. HSP-70 and HSF-1 protein levels were up-regulated by hyperthermia, which were further enhanced when hyperthermia was combined with hypoxia. Increased HIF-1α protein expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was only caused by hypoxia. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure disrupted the established monolayer by increasing paracellular permeability, decreasing ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin protein/mRNA expression, while enhancing E-cadherin protein expression. Tight junction protein distribution in the monolayer was also modulated by the hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In addition, transcription levels of mucin genes, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC, were increased after 2 h of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In conclusion, this Caco-2/HT-29 cell model is valid and effective for studying detrimental effects of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia on intestinal barrier function and related heat shock and oxidative stress pathways and can be used to investigate possible interventions to reverse hyperthermia and/or hypoxia-induced intestinal epithelial injury.
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41
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Khaleel KE, Al-Zghoul MB, Saleh KMM. Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:1511-1528. [PMID: 34316199 PMCID: PMC8304413 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1511-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Thermal stress (hot or cold) is one of many environmental stressors that severely affects the health of broiler chickens. One negative effect of thermal stress is the disruption of the intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal manipulation (TM) on the small intestine in terms of histomorphometry as well as junctional, heat-shock, and immune response gene expression during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted by dividing 928 fertile Ross eggs into three incubation groups: The control (C) group (incubated at 37.8°C and 56% relative humidity [RH] for the whole incubation period), the TM using low temperature TML group (incubated at 36°C and 56% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16), and the TM using high temperature (TMH) group (incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16). On post-hatch day 21, 90 chicks were randomly selected from each incubation group and were equally subdivided into three subgroups for the post-hatch thermal stress experiment: The TN subgroup (room temperature maintained at 24°C), the heat stress (HS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 35°C), and the cold stress (CS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 16°C). After 1 day of thermal stress exposure (age 22 days), five birds from each subgroup were euthanized and ileum samples were collected to evaluate the transcription of the Claudin (CLDN1), CLDN-5, Occludin, Cadherin-1, heat shock factors (HSF1), HSF3, 70 kilodalton heat shock protein, 90 kilodalton heat shock protein, Interleukin6 (IL6), IL8, toll-like receptors-2 (TLR2), and TLR4 genes by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Finally, after 4 and 7 days of thermal stress (age 25 and 28 days, respectively), nine chicks were euthanized, and their jejunum and ileum were collected for histomorphometric analysis. Results: After exposure to 1 day of thermal stress, the C subgroups exposed to thermal stress (HS and CS) possessed significantly increased expression of junctional, heat-shock, and immune response genes compared to the C-TN subgroup, and similar results were observed for the TMH. In contrast, thermally stressed TMH subgroups had significantly lower expression of the studied genes compared to C subgroups exposed to thermal stress. Furthermore, no significant changes were detected between the TML subgroups exposed to thermal stress and TML-TN. Moreover, significant alterations in villus height (VH), villus surface area, crypt depth (CD), and VH to CD ratio were observed between the TML, TMH, and C subgroups exposed to CS. Conclusion: It might be suggested that TM may have a protective impact on the small intestine histomorphometry and epithelial integrity of broilers during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel Emad Khaleel
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Khaled Musa Mohammad Saleh
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Holdorf HT, White HM. Effects of rumen-protected choline supplementation in Holstein dairy cows during electric heat blanket-induced heat stress. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9715-9725. [PMID: 34127269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows experiencing heat stress (HS) attempt to thermoregulate through multiple mechanisms, such as reducing feed intake and milk production and altering blood flow to increase heat dissipation. Effects of choline on energy metabolism and immune function may yield it a viable nutritional intervention to mitigate negative effects of HS. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine if supplementation of rumen-protected choline during, or before and during, an increased heat load would ameliorate the negative effects of HS on production and immune status. Heat stress was induced via an electric heat blanket model with a 3-d baseline period and 7-d HS period for all cows. Multiparous mid-lactation (208 ± 31 days in milk) Holstein cows were fed the same basal herd diet, blocked by pre-experiment milk yield, and randomly assigned to receive one of the following: (1) no rumen-protected (RP) choline (n = 7); (2) RP choline (60 g/d) via top-dress during the HS period (n = 8); or (3) RP choline (60 g/d) via top-dress during the baseline and HS periods (n = 8). Imposing HS via electric heat blanket raised respiration rate with all cows surpassing the HS threshold of 60 breaths/min. The increase in respiration rate tended to be ameliorated with either schedule of RP choline supplementation. Milk yield tended to increase when RP choline was supplemented in both the baseline period and during HS. Supplementation of RP choline tended to reduce blood fatty acid and triglyceride and tended to increase the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. The role of RP choline supplementation to partially ameliorate the effects of HS should be further explored as a potential nutritional strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of HS on health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Holdorf
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - H M White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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Mayorga EJ, Kvidera SK, Horst EA, Al-Qaisi M, McCarthy CS, Abeyta MA, Lei S, Elsasser TH, Kahl S, Kiros TG, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary live yeast supplementation on growth performance and biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab072. [PMID: 34189415 PMCID: PMC8223600 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives were to determine the effects of dietary live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I-4407; ActisafHR+; 0.25g/kg of feed; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) on growth performance and biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs. Crossbred barrows (n = 96; 79 ± 1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to one of six dietary-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) and fed ad libitum the control diet (TNCon), 2) TN and fed ad libitum a yeast containing diet (TNYeast), 3) TN and pair-fed (PF) the control diet (PFCon), 4) TN and PF the yeast containing diet (PFYeast), 5) heat stress (HS) and fed ad libitum the control diet (HSCon), or 6) HS and fed ad libitum the yeast diet (HSYeast). Following 5 d of acclimation to individual pens, pigs were enrolled in two experimental periods (P). During P1 (7 d), pigs were housed in TN conditions (20 °C) and fed their respective dietary treatments ad libitum. During P2 (28 d), HSCon and HSYeast pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to progressive cyclical HS (28–33 °C) while TN and PF pigs remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or PF to their HSCon and HSYeast counterparts. Pigs exposed to HS had an overall increase in rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN pigs (0.3 °C, 5.5 °C, and 23 breaths per minute, respectively; P < 0.01). During P2, average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (30%; P < 0.01). Average daily gain and final BW decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (P < 0.01); however, no differences in feed efficiency (G:F) were observed between HS and TN treatments (P > 0.16). A tendency for decreased ADFI and increased G:F was observed in TNYeast relative to TNCon pigs (P < 0.10). Circulating insulin was similar between HS and TN pigs (P > 0.42). Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels decreased in HS compared to TN treatments (~19% and 20%, respectively; P < 0.05). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) did not differ across treatments (P > 0.57) but tended to decrease in HSYeast relative to HSCon pigs (P = 0.09). In summary, dietary live yeast did not affect body temperature indices or growth performance and had minimal effects on biomarkers of metabolism; however, it tended to improve G:F under TN conditions and tended to reduce the proinflammatory mediator TNF-α during HS. Further research on the potential role of dietary live yeast in pigs during HS or nutrient restriction scenarios is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sara K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erin A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Carrie S McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Megan A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Samantha Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Theodore H Elsasser
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Effects of Resveratrol on Growth Performance, Intestinal Development, and Antioxidant Status of Broilers under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051427. [PMID: 34067505 PMCID: PMC8155960 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Broilers have unique physiological characteristics, no sweat glands and full of feathers, which makes it difficult to dissipate heat in high-temperature environments and is prone to heat stress (HS). HS has strong adverse effects on the meat production, growth performance, intestinal morphology, mortality and welfare of broilers, which can be alleviated by nutrition regulation. Resveratrol has been found to reduce the damage of HS on meat quality, immune and inflammatory response of broilers. However, there are few reports on the effects of resveratrol on the intestinal development and antioxidant capacity of broilers under HS. We demonstrated that resveratrol could improve the intestinal development and growth performance of broilers under HS. Besides, these findings suggest that resveratrol may offer an effective nutritional strategy to improve intestinal antioxidant function by regulating the expression of critical factors in the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Abstract The study investigated resveratrol’s effect on growth performance, intestinal development, and antioxidant capacity of broilers subjected to heat stress (HS). A total of 162 21-day-old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. The 3 treatment groups were as follows: the control (CON), in which broilers were housed at 22 ± 1 °C for 24 h day−1, and the HS and HS + resveratrol (400 mg/kg) groups, in which broilers were housed at 33 ± 1 °C for 10 h a day from 8:00 to 18:00 and 22 ± 1 °C for rest of the time. Results indicated that birds in the HS group exhibited lower (p < 0.05) final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) compared with birds in the CON group. HS birds also had lower (p < 0.05) relative jejunum weight, relative ileum and jejunum length, jejunal villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratios than the CON group. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD1, and GPX were also lower (p < 0.05) in the HS than CON group. The HS group had higher (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl (PC) contents and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels. Compared with HS group, the HS + resveratrol group exhibited higher (p < 0.05) BW and ADG, relative jejunum weight, relative length of ileum, jejunal villus height, activities of GPX and GST, and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and SOD1, but they had lower (p < 0.05) PC content and Keap1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, resveratrol can improve the intestinal development and antioxidant function of broilers under HS, and therefore improve growth performance. The mechanism by which resveratrol enhances the intestinal antioxidant capacity is mediated by Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Yasoob TB, Yu D, Khalid AR, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Saad HM, Hang S. Oral administration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder relieves oxidative stress, modulates mucosal immune response and cecal microbiota after exposure to heat stress in New Zealand White rabbits. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:66. [PMID: 33975652 PMCID: PMC8114525 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress (HS) disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition. Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has been proposed to combat HS, yet its alleviate role is currently under investigation. The current study investigated the effects of chronic HS and MOLP supplementation on changes in redox status and immune response of cecal mucosa along with alteration in cecal microbiota. Methods A total of 21 young New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (male) about 32 weeks old (mean body weight of 3318 ± 171 g) reared on a commercial pelleted diet were employed; divided into three groups (n = 7): control (CON, 25 °C), heat stress (HS, 35 °C for 7 h daily), and HS supplemented orally with MOLP (HSM, 35 °C) at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks. Results The results demonstrated that MOLP supplementation increased organ index of cecal tissue compared with the HS group (P > 0.05). Levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were reduced in the cecal mucosa of the HSM group compared with the HS group. MOLP downregulated the contents of cecal mucosa LPS, several inflammatory markers (TNF-α/IL-1α/IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the HSM group (P < 0.05). Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was increased in the HSM group compared with the HS group (P < 0.05). The transcriptome of cecal mucosa showed that MOLP reduced gene expression relative to several immune factors, including IL-10, IFNG, and RLA, whereas both HS and MOLP increased the gene expression of fat digestion and absorption pathway, including APOA1, FABP1, FABP2, MTTP, and LOC100344166, compared to the CON group (P < 0.001). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by HS, while Actinobacteria was significantly increased by HSM compared to other groups (P < 0.05). At genus level, Papillibacter was higher in abundance in HSM groups compared to CON and HS groups (P < 0.05). Higher butyrate concentrations were observed in the HSM group than HS and CON groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, HS in growing rabbits resulted in alteration of cecal microbiota at phyla level as well as increased oxidative stress and expression of mucosal inflammatory genes. Whereas, oral MOLP supplementation elevated the relative weight of cecum, affected their immunological and cecal micro-ecosystem function by improving antioxidant status and down-regulating mucosal tissue inflammatory response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00586-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Bilal Yasoob
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Defu Yu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Abdur Rauf Khalid
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Heba M Saad
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suqin Hang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China. .,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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King MA, Rollo I, Baker LB. Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1754-1765. [PMID: 33955260 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity and function are compromised during exertional heat stress (EHS) potentially leading to consequences that range from minor gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances to fatal outcomes in exertional heat stroke or septic shock. This mini-review provides a concise discussion of nutritional interventions that may protect against intestinal permeability during EHS and suggests physiological mechanisms responsible for this protection. Although diverse nutritional interventions have been suggested to be protective against EHS-induced GI permeability, the ingestion of certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and fluid per se is potentially effective strategy, whereas evidence for various polyphenols and pre/probiotics is developing. Plausible physiological mechanisms of protection include increased blood flow, epithelial cell proliferation, upregulation of intracellular heat shock proteins, modulation of inflammatory signaling, alteration of the GI microbiota, and increased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Further clinical research is needed to propose specific nutritional candidates and recommendations for their application to prevent intestinal barrier disruption and elucidate mechanisms during EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A King
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
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Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on the Intestinal Integrity and Function of Pigs and the Mitigation Capacity of Dietary Antioxidants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041135. [PMID: 33921090 PMCID: PMC8071411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly affects the performance of pigs by its induced stressors such as inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress (OS), which mightily strain the intestinal integrity and function of pigs. As heat stress progresses, several mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium involved in the absorption of nutrients and its protective functions are altered. Changes in these mechanisms are mainly driven by cellular oxidative stress, which promotes disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to intestinal permeability, emphasizing intestinal histology and morphology with little possibility of recovering even after exposure to HS. Identification and understanding of these altered mechanisms are crucial for providing appropriate intervention strategies. Therefore, it is this papers' objective to review the important components for intestinal integrity that are negatively affected by HS and its induced stressors. With due consideration to the amelioration of such effects through nutritional intervention, this work will also look into the capability of dietary antioxidants in mitigating such adverse effects and maintaining the intestine's integrity and function upon the pigs' exposure to high environmental temperature.
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Périard JD, Eijsvogels TMH, Daanen HAM. Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1873-1979. [PMID: 33829868 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on how exercise-heat stress disrupts these homeostatic processes, leading to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances, and in some cases exertional heat illness. The impact of heat stress on human performance is also examined, including the underlying physiological mechanisms that mediate the impairment of exercise performance. Similarly, the influence of hydration status on performance in the heat and how systemic and peripheral hemodynamic adjustments contribute to fatigue development is elucidated. This review also discusses strategies to mitigate the effects of hyperthermia and hypohydration on exercise performance in the heat by examining the benefits of heat acclimation, cooling strategies, and hyperhydration. Finally, contemporary controversies are summarized and future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australia
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A M Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kitamura K, Sasaki M, Matsumoto M, Shionoya H, Iida K. Protective effect of Bacteroides fragilis LPS on Escherichia coli LPS-induced inflammatory changes in human monocytic cells and in a rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:48-56. [PMID: 33741378 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have significantly less bacteria belonging to the Bacteroides group in their microbiota. We speculate that inhibition of cytokine production is impaired in patients with RA owing to their low levels of intestinal bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes group. Here we investigated the effect of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide (B-LPS) on cytokine production in vitro and on the development of collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in DBA/1 mice, an animal model of RA. in vitro culture experiments showed that Escherichia coli LPS (E-LPS)-induced cytokine production from THP-1 monocytic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly suppressed by B-LPS in a dose-dependent manner. A decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β production was also observed in LPS-tolerized macrophages induced by B-LPS at concentrations equal to and higher than that of E-LPS. Similar results were obtained when autoclaved feces were used to induce cytokine production instead of E-LPS. In in vivo experiments using CAIA models, B-LPS had no adverse effects even when administered at 10 times the concentration of E-LPS, which elicits severe arthritis. In addition, simultaneous administration of high dose B-LPS with E-LPS or administration of B-LPS prior to E-LPS significantly suppressed arthritis development in CAIA model animals when compared with administration of E-LPS alone. These results suggest that increasing certain bacterial groups such as Bacteroides is an effective strategy for preventing arthritis development in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kitamura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan; Research Lab Section 5, Asama Chemical Co Ltd, 20-6 Kodenmacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0001, Japan
| | - Mizuho Sasaki
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Moe Matsumoto
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shionoya
- Research Lab Section 5, Asama Chemical Co Ltd, 20-6 Kodenmacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0001, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.
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50
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Brownlow MA, Mizzi JX. Exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses – Pathophysiology, case definition and treatment rationale. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. X. Mizzi
- 315 Singles Ridge Road Yellow Rock New South Wales Australia
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