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Boyle CC, Cole SW, Eisenberger NI, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Irwin MR. Sex differences in the transcriptional response to acute inflammatory challenge: A randomized controlled trial of endotoxin. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100840. [PMID: 39252981 PMCID: PMC11381881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in immune-based disorders are well-established, with female sex associated with a markedly heightened risk of autoimmune disease. Female sex is also overrepresented in other conditions associated with elevated inflammation, including depression, chronic pain, and chronic fatigue. The mechanisms underlying these disparities are unclear. This study used an experimental model of inflammatory challenge to interrogate molecular mechanisms that may contribute to female vulnerability to disorders with an inflammatory basis. Method In this analysis of a secondary outcome from a randomized controlled trial, 111 participants (67 female) received either a bolus injection of endotoxin (n = 59) or placebo (n = 52). Participants provided blood samples before and 0.5 h post-injection for assessment of differential activation of key pro-inflammatory (i.e., activator protein (AP)-1; nuclear factor (NF)-κB) and immunoregulatory (i.e., glucocorticoid receptor (GR); cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)) signaling pathways via genome-wide expression profiling and promoter-based bioinformatics analyses. Results Relative to males, females exhibited greater endotoxin-induced increases in bioinformatic measures of CREB transcription factor activity (p's < 0.01). However, contrary to hypotheses, female vs. male sex was not associated with greater increases in activation of NF-κB, AP-1, or GR in response to endotoxin vs. placebo administration. Conclusions This work suggests CREB signaling as a critical upstream biological pathway that should be further interrogated as a mechanism of female vulnerability to immune-related disorders. Future work should clarify whether increased CREB signaling indicates sex differences in activity of the sympathetic nervous system or other physiological pathways that signal through CREB, such as prostaglandin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Richard Olmstead
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
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da Silva IV, Mlinarić M, Lourenço AR, Pérez-Garcia O, Čipak Gašparović A, Soveral G. Peroxiporins and Oxidative Stress: Promising Targets to Tackle Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8381. [PMID: 39125952 PMCID: PMC11313477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiporins are a specialized subset of aquaporins, which are integral membrane proteins primarily known for facilitating water transport across cell membranes. In addition to the classical water transport function, peroxiporins have the unique capability to transport hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species involved in various cellular signaling pathways and regulation of oxidative stress responses. The regulation of H2O2 levels is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and peroxiporins play a significant role in this process by modulating its intracellular and extracellular concentrations. This ability to facilitate the passage of H2O2 positions peroxiporins as key players in redox biology and cellular signaling, with implications for understanding and treating various diseases linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review provides updated information on the physiological roles of peroxiporins and their implications in disease, emphasizing their potential as novel biomarkers and drug targets in conditions where they are dysregulated, such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Monika Mlinarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Rita Lourenço
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olivia Pérez-Garcia
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liu L, Tang Z, Zeng Q, Qi W, Zhou Z, Chen D, Cai D, Chen Y, Sun S, Gong S, He B, Yu S, Zhao L. Transcriptomic Insights into Different Stimulation Intensity of Electroacupuncture in Treating COPD in Rat Models. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2873-2887. [PMID: 38741612 PMCID: PMC11090121 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture (EA), with varying stimulation intensities, has demonstrated therapeutic potentials in both animal and clinical studies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a comprehensive investigation of the intensity-related effects, particularly 1mA and 3mA of EA, and the underlying mechanisms remains lacking. Methods A COPD rat model was established by prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and intermittent intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. EA treatment was administered at acupoints BL13 (Feishu) and ST36 (Zusanli), 20 minutes daily for 2 weeks, with intensities of 1mA and 3mA. EA effectiveness was evaluated by pulmonary function, histopathological change, serum level of inflammatory cytokines, and level of oxidative stress markers in serum and lung tissues. Transcriptome profiling and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to reveal gene expression patterns and identify hub genes. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Results EA at both 1mA and 3mA exerted differing therapeutic effects by improving lung function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD rats. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct expression patterns between the two groups, functionally corresponding to shared and intensity-specific (1mA and 3mA) enriched pathways. Eight candidate genes were identified, including Aqp9, Trem1, Mrc1, and Gpnmb that were downregulated by EA and upregulated in COPD. Notably, Msr1 and Slc26a4 exclusively downregulated in EA-1mA, while Pde3a and Bmp6 upregulated solely in EA-3mA. WGCNA constructed 5 key modules and elucidated the module-trait relationship, with the aforementioned 8 genes being highlighted. Additionally, their mRNA and protein levels were validated by RT-qPCR and WB. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that 1mA and 3mA intensities induce distinct gene expression patterns at the transcriptional level, associated with shared and 1mA vs 3mA-specific enriched pathways. Genes Mrc1, Gpnmb, Trem1, and Aqp9 emerge as promising targets, and further studies are needed to elucidate their functional consequences in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zili Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchuan Qi
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyao Gong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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Karpurapu M, Kakarala KK, Chung S, Nie Y, Koley A, Dougherty P, Christman JW. Epigallocatechin gallate regulates the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1 in macrophages. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301904. [PMID: 38662666 PMCID: PMC11045095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that PU.1 regulates expression of the genes involved in inflammation in macrophages. Selective knockdown of PU.1 in macrophages ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in bone marrow chimera mice. Inhibitors that block the transcriptional activity of PU.1 in macrophages have the potential to mitigate the pathophysiology of LPS-induced ALI. However, complete inactivation of PU.1 gene disrupts normal myelopoiesis. Although the green tea polyphenol Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to regulate inflammatory genes in various cell types, it is not known if EGCG alters the transcriptional activity of PU.1 protein. Using Schrodinger Glide docking, we have identified that EGCG binds with PU.1 protein, altering its DNA-binding and self-dimerization activity. In silico analysis shows that EGCG forms Hydrogen bonds with Glutamic Acid 209, Leucine 250 in DNA binding and Lysine 196, Tryptophan 193, and Leucine 182 in the self-dimerization domain of the PU.1 protein. Experimental validation using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) confirmed that EGCG inhibits both DNA binding by PU.1 and self-dimerization. Importantly, EGCG had no impact on expression of the total PU.1 protein levels but significantly reduced expression of various inflammatory genes and generation of ROS. In summary, we report that EGCG acts as an inhibitor of the PU.1 transcription factor in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Sangwoon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Amritendu Koley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Patrick Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Kalita A, Das M. Aquaporins (AQPs) as a marker in the physiology of inflammation and its interaction studies with garcinol. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1575-1592. [PMID: 38267609 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporins like AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation based on earlier reports. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of Aquaporins as a potential target of inflammation. The study also investigates the efficacy of methanolic extract of Garcinia (GME) and its potent phytocompound (garcinol) against the Aquaporins involved in inflammation. siRNA silencing of AQP3 was carried out in RAW264.7 cells followed by LPS stimulation (1 µg/ml) and assessment of important markers of inflammation including NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL20, iNOS and COX-2. To assess the anti-inflammatory potential of Garcinia extract and garcinol, cells were stimulated with 1 µg/ml LPS in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of GME and garcinol. During the experimental period, extract concentrations (115 µg/ml and 230 µg/ml for RAW264.7; 118 µg/ml and 236 µg/ml for THP-1) and garcinol concentrations (6 µM and 12 µM for RAW264.7; 3 µM and 6 µM for THP-1) were selected based on the IC50. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL20 in LPS-stimulated cells. The AQP expression was studied at transcriptional and translational levels using qPCR and Western blot analysis respectively. AQP3 knockdown significantly decreased the NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β levels along with iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. LPS stimulation led to a significant increase in the mRNA and protein level expression AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 in RAW264.7 cells; and AQP1 and AQP3 in THP-1 cells indicating their role as markers of inflammation. GME and garcinol effectively suppressed the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in both cell lines. The results indicate that AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 could play a crucial role as markers of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory agents like Garcinia could potentially decrease the expression of such AQPs, thus inhibiting the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Manas Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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Lotsios NS, Keskinidou C, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE, Vassiliou AG. Aquaporin Expression and Regulation in Clinical and Experimental Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:487. [PMID: 38203657 PMCID: PMC10778766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an inflammatory disorder caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection. Septic patients present diverse clinical characteristics, and in the recent years, it has been the main cause of death in intensive care units (ICU). Aquaporins, membrane proteins with a role in water transportation, have been reported to participate in numerous biological processes. Their role in sepsis progression has been studied extensively. This review aims to examine recent literature on aquaporin expression and regulation in clinical sepsis, as well as established experimental models of sepsis. We will present how sepsis affects aquaporin expression at the molecular and protein level. Moreover, we will delve into the importance of aquaporin regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in sepsis by presenting data on aquaporin regulation by non-coding RNAs and selected chemical molecules. Finally, we will focus on the importance of aquaporin single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the setting of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (S.E.O.)
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7
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Mu K, Kitts DD. Intestinal polyphenol antioxidant activity involves redox signaling mechanisms facilitated by aquaporin activity. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102948. [PMID: 37922763 PMCID: PMC10643476 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascertaining whether dietary polyphenols evoke an antioxidant or prooxidant activity, which translates to a functional role required to maintain intestinal cell homeostasis continues to be an active and controversial area of research for food chemists and biochemists alike. We have proposed that the paradoxical function of polyphenols to autoxidize to generate H2O2 is a required first step in the capacity of some plant phenolics to function as intracellular antioxidants. This is based on the fact that cell redox homeostasis is achieved by a balance between H2O2 formation and subsequent outcomes of antioxidant systems function. Maintaining optimal extracellular and intracellular H2O2 concentrations is required for cell survival, since low levels are important to upregulate endogenous antioxidant capacity; whereas, concentrations that go beyond homeostatic control typically result in an inflammatory response, growth arrest, or eventual cell death. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel membrane proteins that facilitate cellular transportation of water and other small molecule-derived solutes, such as H2O2, in all organisms. In the intestine, AQPs act as gatekeepers to regulate intracellular uptake of H2O2, generated from extracellular polyphenol autoxidation, thus enabling an intracellular cell signaling responses to mitigate onset of oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we highlight the potential role of AQPs to control important underlying mechanisms that define downstream regulation of intestinal redox homeostasis, specifically. It has been established that polyphenols that undergo oxidation to the quinone form, resulting in subsequent adduction to a thiol group on Keap1-Nrf2 complex, trigger Nrf2 activation and a cascade of indirect intracellular antioxidant effects. Here, we propose a similar mechanism that involves H2O2 generated from specific dietary polyphenols with a predisposition to undergo autoxidation. The ultimate bioactivity is regulated and expressed by AQP membrane function and thus, by extension, represents expression of an intracellular antioxidant chemoprotection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Mu
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food System, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food System, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Sanchez-Pinto LN, Bhavani SV, Atreya MR, Sinha P. Leveraging Data Science and Novel Technologies to Develop and Implement Precision Medicine Strategies in Critical Care. Crit Care Clin 2023; 39:627-646. [PMID: 37704331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to identify treatments that are most likely to result in favorable outcomes for subgroups of patients with similar clinical and biological characteristics. The gaps for the development and implementation of precision medicine strategies in the critical care setting are many, but the advent of data science and multi-omics approaches, combined with the rich data ecosystem in the intensive care unit, offer unprecedented opportunities to realize the promise of precision critical care. In this article, the authors review the data-driven and technology-based approaches being leveraged to discover and implement precision medicine strategies in the critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro N Sanchez-Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Mihir R Atreya
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Anesthesia, Washington University School of Medicine, 1 Barnes Jewish Hospital Plaza, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Washington University School of Medicine, 1 Barnes Jewish Hospital Plaza, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Toader C, Tataru CP, Florian IA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Dumitrascu DI, Glavan LA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Ciurea AV. From Homeostasis to Pathology: Decoding the Multifaceted Impact of Aquaporins in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14340. [PMID: 37762642 PMCID: PMC10531540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), integral membrane proteins facilitating selective water and solute transport across cell membranes, have been the focus of extensive research over the past few decades. Particularly noteworthy is their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and fluid balance in neural compartments, as dysregulated AQP expression is implicated in various degenerative and acute brain pathologies. This article provides an exhaustive review on the evolutionary history, molecular classification, and physiological relevance of aquaporins, emphasizing their significance in the central nervous system (CNS). The paper journeys through the early studies of water transport to the groundbreaking discovery of Aquaporin 1, charting the molecular intricacies that make AQPs unique. It delves into AQP distribution in mammalian systems, detailing their selective permeability through permeability assays. The article provides an in-depth exploration of AQP4 and AQP1 in the brain, examining their contribution to fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, it elucidates the interplay between AQPs and the glymphatic system, a critical framework for waste clearance and fluid balance in the brain. The dysregulation of AQP-mediated processes in this system hints at a strong association with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and Alzheimer's Disease. This relationship is further explored in the context of acute cerebral events such as stroke and autoimmune conditions such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Moreover, the article scrutinizes AQPs at the intersection of oncology and neurology, exploring their role in tumorigenesis, cell migration, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Lastly, the article outlines emerging aquaporin-targeted therapies, offering a glimpse into future directions in combatting CNS malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Petru Tataru
- Department of Opthamology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan-Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Pelaia TM, Shojaei M, McLean AS. The Role of Transcriptomics in Redefining Critical Illness. Crit Care 2023; 27:89. [PMID: 36941625 PMCID: PMC10027592 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2023. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2023 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana M Pelaia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maryam Shojaei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S McLean
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
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11
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Inflammatory Blood Signature Related to Common Psychological Comorbidity in Chronic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030713. [PMID: 36979692 PMCID: PMC10045222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is characterized by high psychological comorbidity, and diagnoses are symptom-based due to a lack of clear pathophysiological factors and valid biomarkers. We investigate if inflammatory blood biomarker signatures are associated with pain intensity and psychological comorbidity in a mixed chronic pain population. Eighty-one patients (72% women) with chronic pain (>6 months) were included. Patient reported outcomes were collected, and blood was analyzed with the Proseek Multiplex Olink Inflammation Panel (Bioscience Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden), resulting in 77 inflammatory markers included for multivariate data analysis. Three subgroups of chronic pain patients were identified using an unsupervised principal component analysis. No difference between the subgroups was seen in pain intensity, but differences were seen in mental health and inflammatory profiles. Ten inflammatory proteins were significantly associated with anxiety and depression (using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): STAMBP, SIRT2, AXIN1, CASP-8, ADA, IL-7, CD40, CXCL1, CXCL5, and CD244. No markers were related to pain intensity. Fifteen proteins could differentiate between patients with moderate/high (GAD-7/PHQ-9 > 10) or mild/no (GAD-7/PHQ-9 < 10) psychological comorbidity. This study further contributes to the increasing knowledge of the importance of inflammation in chronic pain conditions and indicates that specific inflammatory proteins may be related to psychological comorbidity.
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12
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Abstract
Heterogeneity in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is increasingly being recognized as one of the principal barriers to finding efficacious targeted therapies. The advent of multiple high-throughput biological data ("omics"), coupled with the widespread access to increased computational power, has led to the emergence of phenotyping in critical care. Phenotyping aims to use a multitude of data to identify homogenous subgroups within an otherwise heterogenous population. Increasingly, phenotyping schemas are being applied to sepsis and ARDS to increase understanding of these clinical conditions and identify potential therapies. Here we present a selective review of the biological phenotyping schemas applied to sepsis and ARDS. Further, we outline some of the challenges involved in translating these conceptual findings to bedside clinical decision-making tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Sinha
- Division of Clinical & Translational Research and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Center for Translational Lung Biology; and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown that at least six aquaporins (AQPs), including AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP9, are expressed in immune system. These AQPs distribute in lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and mediate water and glycerol transportation in these cells, which play important roles in innate and adaptive immune functions. Immune system plays important roles in body physiological functions and health. Therefore, understanding the association between AQPs and immune system may provide approaches to prevent and treat related diseases. Here we will discuss the expression and physiological functions of AQPs in immune system and summarize recent researches on AQPs in immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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da Silva IV, Garra S, Calamita G, Soveral G. The Multifaceted Role of Aquaporin-9 in Health and Its Potential as a Clinical Biomarker. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070897. [PMID: 35883453 PMCID: PMC9313442 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels essential for water, energy, and redox homeostasis, with proven involvement in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as edema, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, oxidative stress, sepsis, cancer, and metabolic dysfunctions. The 13 AQPs present in humans are widely distributed in all body districts, drawing cell lineage-specific expression patterns closely related to cell native functions. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are proteins with great potential as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is the most expressed in the liver, with implications in general metabolic and redox balance due to its aquaglyceroporin and peroxiporin activities, facilitating glycerol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion across membranes. AQP9 is also expressed in other tissues, and their altered expression is described in several human diseases, such as liver injury, inflammation, cancer, infertility, and immune disorders. The present review compiles the current knowledge of AQP9 implication in diseases and highlights its potential as a new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
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15
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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16
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Darden DB, Dong X, Brusko MA, Kelly L, Fenner B, Rincon JC, Dirain ML, Ungaro R, Nacionales DC, Gauthier M, Kladde M, Brusko TM, Bihorac A, Moore FA, Loftus T, Bacher R, Moldawer LL, Mohr AM, Efron PA. A Novel Single Cell RNA-seq Analysis of Non-Myeloid Circulating Cells in Late Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696536. [PMID: 34484194 PMCID: PMC8415415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the successful implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, post-sepsis in-hospital mortality to sepsis continues to decrease. Those who acutely survive surgical sepsis will either rapidly recover or develop a chronic critical illness (CCI). CCI is associated with adverse long-term outcomes and 1-year mortality. Although the pathobiology of CCI remains undefined, emerging evidence suggests a post-sepsis state of pathologic myeloid activation, inducing suboptimal lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis, as well as downstream leukocyte dysfunction. Our goal was to use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to perform a detailed transcriptomic analysis of lymphoid-derived leukocytes to better understand the pathology of late sepsis. Methods A mixture of whole blood myeloid-enriched and Ficoll-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four late septic patients (post-sepsis day 14-21) and five healthy subjects underwent Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq). Results We identified unique transcriptomic patterns for multiple circulating immune cell subtypes, including B- and CD4+, CD8+, activated CD4+ and activated CD8+ T-lymphocytes, as well as natural killer (NK), NKT, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in late sepsis patients. Analysis demonstrated that the circulating lymphoid cells maintained a transcriptome reflecting immunosuppression and low-grade inflammation. We also identified transcriptomic differences between patients with bacterial versus fungal sepsis, such as greater expression of cytotoxic genes among CD8+ T-lymphocytes in late bacterial sepsis. Conclusion Circulating non-myeloid cells display a unique transcriptomic pattern late after sepsis. Non-myeloid leukocytes in particular reveal a host endotype of inflammation, immunosuppression, and dysfunction, suggesting a role for precision medicine-guided immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijoia B Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brittany Fenner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jaimar C Rincon
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marvin L Dirain
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dina C Nacionales
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marie Gauthier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Kladde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tyler Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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17
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An H, Richardson A, Rajasekariah P, Zhong L, Fernando BSM, Macmillan A, Klotzsch E, Bryant K, Kaakoush NO, Tedla N. Nuclear Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor A3 Is Monomeric and Is Involved in Multiple Layers of Regulated Gene Expression and Translation. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3078-3089. [PMID: 33793249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a soluble protein primarily expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and is abundant in sera of healthy donors. Extracellular LILRA3 is anti-inflammatory and displays neuro-regenerative functions in vitro. However, its intracellular expression, distribution, and function(s) remain unknown. Using a combination of high-resolution confocal and super-resolution microscopy, we identified intracellular expression of native LILRA3 in the nucleus of peripheral blood monocytes and in vitro-derived macrophages. This unexpected nuclear localization of LILRA3 was confirmed in LILRA3-GFP-transfected HEK293T cells. Western blot of proteins fractionated from primary macrophages and the transfected HEK293T cells confirmed nuclear localization of the native and expressed LILRA3 proteins. Interestingly, most of the LILRA3 in the nucleus was in a monomeric form like the biologically active secreted protein, while that in the other cellular compartments was in mixed monomeric, dimeric, and oligomeric forms. The predominant presence of monomeric LILRA3 in the nucleus was independently corroborated in transfected live HEK293T cells using the number and molecular brightness (N&B) analysis method. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric peptide sequencing studies revealed that nuclear LILRA3 co-immunoprecipitated with several nuclear proteins involved in host protein synthesis machinery via direct interactions to a key multifunctional RNA-binding protein, the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 protein (EWS) (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024602). The biological significance of the nuclear expression of LILRA3 and its interaction with these key proteins remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan An
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Richardson
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Poornima Rajasekariah
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Bentotage Samitha M Fernando
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.,Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics/Mechanobiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 10115, German
| | - Katherine Bryant
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Mechanisms of Diseases and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
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18
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Tabatabai M, Bailey S, Bursac Z, Tabatabai H, Wilus D, Singh KP. An introduction to new robust linear and monotonic correlation coefficients. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:170. [PMID: 33789571 PMCID: PMC8011137 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common measure of association between two continuous variables is the Pearson correlation (Maronna et al. in Safari an OMC. Robust statistics, 2019. https://login.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/login?url=https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781119214687/?ar&orpq&email=^u). When outliers are present, Pearson does not accurately measure association and robust measures are needed. This article introduces three new robust measures of correlation: Taba (T), TabWil (TW), and TabWil rank (TWR). The correlation estimators T and TW measure a linear association between two continuous or ordinal variables; whereas TWR measures a monotonic association. The robustness of these proposed measures in comparison with Pearson (P), Spearman (S), Quadrant (Q), Median (M), and Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) are examined through simulation. Taba distance is used to analyze genes, and statistical tests were used to identify those genes most significantly associated with Williams Syndrome (WS). RESULTS Based on the root mean square error (RMSE) and bias, the three proposed correlation measures are highly competitive when compared to classical measures such as P and S as well as robust measures such as Q, M, and MCD. Our findings indicate TBL2 was the most significant gene among patients diagnosed with WS and had the most significant reduction in gene expression level when compared with control (P value = 6.37E-05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, when the distribution is bivariate Log-Normal or bivariate Weibull, TWR performs best in terms of bias and T performs best with respect to RMSE. Under the Normal distribution, MCD performs well with respect to bias and RMSE; but TW, TWR, T, S, and P correlations were in close proximity. The identification of TBL2 may serve as a diagnostic tool for WS patients. A Taba R package has been developed and is available for use to perform all necessary computations for the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Habib Tabatabai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Derek Wilus
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Karan P. Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708 USA
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19
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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20
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da Silva IV, Soveral G. Aquaporins in Immune Cells and Inflammation: New Targets for Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041845. [PMID: 33673336 PMCID: PMC7917738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system senses foreign antigens by mechanisms that involve the interplay of various kinds of immune cells, culminating in inflammation resolution and tissue clearance. The ability of the immune cells to communicate (via chemokines) and to shift shape for migration, phagocytosis or antigen uptake is mainly supported by critical proteins such as aquaporins (AQPs) that regulate water fluid homeostasis and volume changes. AQPs are protein channels that facilitate water and small uncharged molecules’ (such as glycerol or hydrogen peroxide) diffusion through membranes. A number of AQP isoforms were found upregulated in inflammatory conditions and are considered essential for the migration and survival of immune cells. The present review updates information on AQPs’ involvement in immunity and inflammatory processes, highlighting their role as crucial players and promising targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217946461
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21
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He YJ, Xu JQ, Sun MM, Fang XZ, Peng ZK, Pan SW, Zhou T, Wang YX, Shang Y. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Promising Marker for Monitoring and Treating Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606649. [PMID: 33424852 PMCID: PMC7793647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection that leads to organ dysfunction. The dysregulated inflammatory response transitions from a hyper-inflammatory phase to a hypo-inflammatory or immunosuppressive phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies are available for monitoring the complex immune response and treating sepsis due to individual variations in the timing and overlap of the dysregulated immune response in most patients. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), is broadly present in multiple tissues and circumvent glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) or unwanted side effects. Recently, the characteristics of GILZ downregulation during acute hyperinflammation and GILZ upregulation during the immunosuppressive phase in various inflammatory diseases have been well documented, and the protective effects of GILZ have gained attention in the field of sepsis. However, whether GILZ could be a promising candidate biomarker for monitoring and treating septic patients remains unknown. Here, we discuss the effect of GILZ in sepsis and sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Qian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Kang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Brooks D, Barr LC, Wiscombe S, McAuley DF, Simpson AJ, Rostron AJ. Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.01298-2019. [PMID: 32299854 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key contributory factor is the rudimentary understanding of the early events in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in humans, which are difficult to study in clinical practice, as they precede the patient's presentation to medical services. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a trigger of inflammation and the dysregulated host response in sepsis. Human LPS models deliver a small quantity of LPS to healthy volunteers, triggering an inflammatory response and providing a window to study early inflammation in humans. This allows biological/mechanistic insights to be made and new therapeutic strategies to be tested in a controlled, reproducible environment from a defined point in time. We review the use of human LPS models, focussing on the underlying mechanistic insights that have been gained by studying the response to intravenous and pulmonary LPS challenge. We discuss variables that may influence the response to LPS before considering factors that should be considered when designing future human LPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brooks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Barr
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Claudiano GS, Andrade SCS, Souza EC, Yunis-Aguinaga J, Coutinho LL, Moreira DKT, Gonçalves FC, Mundim AV, Marzocchi-Machado CM, de Moraes FR, Moraes JRE. Role of neuroendocrine modulation and biochemistry in the sepsis in Piaractus mesopotamicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113338. [PMID: 31812532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic process with multifactorial pathophysiology that affects most animal species. It is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. This work aimed to study the biochemical and neuroendocrine changes of the sepsis process in Piaractus mesopotamicus after Aeromonas hydrophila inoculation analyzing changes in blood leukocyte and differences in neuroendocrine-biochemical modulation using RNA-seq. Fish showed hypercortisolemia, inhibition of glucose absorption, followed by hypocortisolemia and then hyperglycemia. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) showed immediate decrease in serum and T4 increased 6 h post-inoculation (HPI). Sepsis-induced hormonal alterations triggered changes in the metabolic pathways increasing protein and lipid catabolism, use of transient anaerobic glycolysis and liver injury. A reference transcriptome was constructed based on blood leukocytes from P. mesopotamicus. The assembly resulted in total 266,272 contigs with a N50 of 2786 bp. There was a reorganization of plasma membrane of leukocytes at the beginning of the septic process with increased expression of neuroendocrine receptors and with continuous flow of neurotransmitters, hormones and solutes with compensatory regulation at 6 HPI. Three and nine HPI seemed to be critical, the expression of a number of transcription factors was increased, including the modulatory DEGs related to glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones induced and suppressed (FDR < 0.05). Neuroendocrine modulation can regulate leukocytes and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, being important sources for the study of the pathophysiology of sepsis. These finding highlights the importance of further studies focusing on biochemical-neuroendocrine changes in blood leukocytes and systemic sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Claudiano
- Department of Veterinarian Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Jaboticabal, Brazil; Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University, USP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Souza
- Educational Foundation of Penápolis, FUNEPE, Penápolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto del Mar del Perú, IMARPE, Lima, Perú
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo University, USP, ESALQ, Brazil
| | - Débora K T Moreira
- Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Gonçalves
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio V Mundim
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleni M Marzocchi-Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, USP, Brazil
| | - Flávio R de Moraes
- Department of Veterinarian Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Jaboticabal, Brazil; Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julieta R E Moraes
- Department of Veterinarian Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Jaboticabal, Brazil; Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Minter BE, Lowes DA, Webster NR, Galley HF. Differential Effects of MitoVitE, α-Tocopherol and Trolox on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Signalling Pathways in Endothelial Cells Cultured under Conditions Mimicking Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E195. [PMID: 32110961 PMCID: PMC7139367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated differential effects of three forms of vitamin E, which accumulate in different cellular compartments, on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mRNA and protein expression profiles associated with the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2 and -4 pathways. Human endothelial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan G (PepG) to mimic sepsis, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, or Trolox. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were measured. NFκB-P65, total and phosphorylated inhibitor of NFκB alpha (NFκBIA), and STAT-3 in nuclear extracts, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production in culture supernatants and cellular mRNA expression of 32 genes involved in Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 pathways were measured. Exposure to LPS/PepG caused increased total radical production (p = 0.022), decreased glutathione ratio (p = 0.016), reduced membrane potential and metabolic activity (both p < 0.0001), increased nuclear NFκB-P65 expression (p = 0.016) and increased IL-6/8 secretion (both p < 0.0001). MitoVitE, α- tocopherol and Trolox were similar in reducing oxidative stress, NFκB activation and interleukin secretion. MitoVitE had widespread downregulatory effects on gene expression. Despite differences in site of actions, all forms of vitamin E were protective under conditions mimicking sepsis. These results challenge the concept that protection inside mitochondria provides better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen F. Galley
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB41 8TJ, UK; (B.E.M.); (D.A.L.); (N.R.W.)
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25
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Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease state that is both common and consequential in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of sepsis at the individual patient level has hindered advances in the field beyond the current therapeutic standards, which consist of supportive care and antibiotics. This complexity has prompted attempts to develop a precision medicine approach, with research aimed towards stratifying patients into more homogeneous cohorts with shared biological features, potentially facilitating the identification of new therapies. Several investigators have successfully utilized leukocyte-derived mRNA and discovery-based approaches to subgroup patients on the basis of biological similarities defined by transcriptomic signatures. A critical next step is to develop a consensus sepsis subclassification system, which includes transcriptomic signatures as well as other biological and clinical data. This goal will require collaboration among various investigative groups, and validation in both existing data sets and prospective studies. Such studies are required to bring precision medicine to the bedside of critically ill patients with sepsis.
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26
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Melssen MM, Petroni GR, Chianese-Bullock KA, Wages NA, Grosh WW, Varhegyi N, Smolkin ME, Smith KT, Galeassi NV, Deacon DH, Gaughan EM, Slingluff CL. A multipeptide vaccine plus toll-like receptor agonists LPS or polyICLC in combination with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in melanoma patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:163. [PMID: 31248461 PMCID: PMC6598303 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer vaccines require adjuvants to induce effective immune responses; however, there is no consensus on optimal adjuvants. We hypothesized that toll-like receptor (TLR)3 agonist polyICLC or TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), combined with CD4 T cell activation, would support strong and durable CD8+ T cell responses, whereas addition of an incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) would reduce magnitude and persistence of immune responses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants with resected stage IIB-IV melanoma received a vaccine comprised of 12 melanoma peptides restricted by Class I MHC (12MP), plus a tetanus helper peptide (Tet). Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 to cohort 1 (LPS dose-escalation) or cohort 2 (polyICLC). Each cohort included 3 subgroups (a-c), receiving 12MP + Tet + TLR agonist without IFA (0), or with IFA in vaccine one (V1), or all six vaccines (V6). Toxicities were recorded (CTCAE v4). T cell responses were measured with IFNγ ELIspot assay ex vivo or after one in vitro stimulation (IVS). RESULTS Fifty-three eligible patients were enrolled, of which fifty-one were treated. Treatment-related dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in 0/33 patients in cohort 1 and in 2/18 patients in cohort 2 (11%). CD8 T cell responses to 12MP were detected ex vivo in cohort 1 (42%) and in cohort 2 (56%) and in 18, 50, and 72% for subgroups V0, V1, and V6, respectively. T cell responses to melanoma peptides were more durable and of highest magnitude for IFA V6. CONCLUSIONS LPS and polyICLC are safe and effective vaccine adjuvants when combined with IFA. Contrary to the central hypothesis, IFA enhanced T cell responses to peptide vaccines when added to TLR agonists. Future studies will aim to understand mechanisms underlying the favorable effects with IFA. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial Mel58 was performed with IRB (#15781) and FDA approval and is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on April 25, 2012 (NCT01585350). Patients provided written informed consent to participate. Enrollment started on June 24, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gina R Petroni
- Department of Public Health Sciences/Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Chianese-Bullock
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nolan A Wages
- Department of Public Health Sciences/Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William W Grosh
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nikole Varhegyi
- Department of Public Health Sciences/Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark E Smolkin
- Department of Public Health Sciences/Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kelly T Smith
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nadejda V Galeassi
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Donna H Deacon
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gaughan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, 1352 Pinn Hall, P.O. Box 801457, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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27
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Mathematical modeling of septic shock: an innovative tool for assessing therapeutic hypotheses. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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28
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Mullane K, Williams M. Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics - 2: Beyond amyloid - Re-defining AD and its causality to discover effective therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:376-401. [PMID: 30273552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Compounds targeted for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have consistently failed in clinical trials despite evidence for target engagement and pharmacodynamic activity. This questions the relevance of compounds acting at current AD drug targets - the majority of which reflect the seminal amyloid and, to a far lesser extent, tau hypotheses - and limitations in understanding AD causality as distinct from general dementia. The preeminence of amyloid and tau led to many alternative approaches to AD therapeutics being ignored or underfunded to the extent that their causal versus contributory role in AD remains unknown. These include: neuronal network dysfunction; cerebrovascular disease; chronic, local or systemic inflammation involving the innate immune system; infectious agents including herpes virus and prion proteins; neurotoxic protein accumulation associated with sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm and glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system and blood-brain-barrier dysfunction; metabolic related diseases including diabetes, obesity hypertension and hypocholesterolemia; mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental factors. As AD has become increasingly recognized as a multifactorial syndrome, a single treatment paradigm is unlikely to work in all patients. However, the biomarkers required to diagnose patients and parse them into mechanism/disease-based sub-groups remain rudimentary and unvalidated as do non-amyloid, non-tau translational animal models. The social and economic impact of AD is also discussed in the context of new FDA regulatory draft guidance and a proposed biomarker-based Framework (re)-defining AD and its stages as part of the larger landscape of treating dementia via the 2013 G8 initiative to identify a disease-modifying therapy for dementia/AD by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mullane
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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29
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Průcha M, Zazula R, Russwurm S. Sepsis Diagnostics in the Era of "Omics" Technologies. Prague Med Rep 2018; 119:9-29. [PMID: 29665344 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a multifactorial clinical syndrome with an extremely dynamic clinical course and with high diverse clinical phenotype. Early diagnosis is crucial for the final clinical outcome. Previous studies have not identified a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis which would have sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Identification of the infectious agents or the use of molecular biology, next gene sequencing, has not brought significant benefit for the patient in terms of early diagnosis. Therefore, we are currently searching for biomarkers, through "omics" technologies with sufficient diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, able to predict the clinical course of the disease and the patient response to therapy. Current progress in the use of systems biology technologies brings us hope that by using big data from clinical trials such biomarkers will be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Průcha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Zazula
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Russwurm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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30
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Large-scale reduction of tyrosine kinase activities in human monocytes stimulated in vitro with N. meningitidis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0181912. [PMID: 29357362 PMCID: PMC5774972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N. meningitidis induces extensive gene expression changes in human monocytes, suggesting that complex networks of signaling pathways are activated during meningococcal sepsis. These effects are modulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). To further study changes in signal transduction suggested by mRNA data, we used kinase substrate arrays to identify composite kinase activities induced by lysates from a primary human monocyte model system. Cell lysates were prepared from monocytes treated with the following experimental conditions: 106 N. meningitidis/mL, 25 ng/mL IL-10, 106 N. meningitidis/mL in combination with 25 ng/mL IL-10, and vehicle. Lysates were subjected to kinase activity profiling with Tyrosine Kinase PamChip® arrays containing 144 kinase peptide substrates. In our experimental model, we were not able to detect a statistically significant large-scale change in ex vivo array peptide phosphorylation by lysates from monocytes treated for 15 minutes. Targets of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory response were not identified. A profound inhibition of array peptide phosphorylation by monocytes treated for 60 minutes was identified, suggesting low activity of a large number of kinases associated with different signaling pathways and immune cell functions, including STAT3 activity, Nf-κB and VEGF signaling, and PTEN signaling activity. The peptide representing ZBTB16, which was reduced in phosphorylation by lysates from all three experimental conditions, was in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified to be linked to reduced cytokine release and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and CXCL10. Further studies should investigate changes in tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction in human immune cells, in order to evaluate the potential clinical application of kinome profiling in the study of systemic inflammatory responses to pathogens.
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31
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Lu X, Xue L, Sun W, Ye J, Zhu Z, Mei H. Identification of key pathogenic genes of sepsis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3042-3054. [PMID: 29257295 PMCID: PMC5783525 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in which an uncontrolled inflammatory host response is triggered. The exact pathogenesis of sepsis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify key genes that may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. mRNA expression data from blood samples taken from patients with sepsis and healthy individuals was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, was performed to investigate the function of the identified DEGs. Furthermore, for validation of these results, the expression levels of several DEGs were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in three patients with sepsis and three healthy blood samples to support the results obtained from the bioinformatics analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were also used to analyze the diagnostic ability of the identified DEGs for sepsis. The results demonstrated that a total of 4,402 DEGs, including 1,960 upregulated and 2,442 downregulated genes, were identified between patients with sepsis and healthy individuals. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 39 DEGs were significantly enriched in toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The top 20 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were used to construct the PPI network. Hub genes with high degrees, including interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), S100 calcium-binding protein (S100)A8, angiotensin II receptor-associated protein (AGTRAP) and S100A9, were demonstrated to be associated sepsis. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results demonstrated that IRAK3, adrenomedullin (ADM), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and S100A8 were significantly upregulated, while ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) was upregulated but not significantly, in blood samples from patients with sepsis compared with healthy individuals, which was consistent with bioinformatics analysis results. Therefore, AGTRAP, IRAK3, ADM, ALOX5, MMP9, S100A8 and ENTPD1 were identified to have potential diagnostic value in sepsis. In conclusion, dysregulated levels of the AGTRAP, IRAK3, ADM, ALOX5, MMP9, S100A8 and ENTPD1 genes may be involved in sepsis pathophysiology and may be utilized as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Lu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xue
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Sun
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jilu Ye
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Mei
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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32
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Burnham KL, Davenport EE, Radhakrishnan J, Humburg P, Gordon AC, Hutton P, Svoren-Jabalera E, Garrard C, Hill AVS, Hinds CJ, Knight JC. Shared and Distinct Aspects of the Sepsis Transcriptomic Response to Fecal Peritonitis and Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:328-339. [PMID: 28036233 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201608-1685oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Heterogeneity in the septic response has hindered efforts to understand pathophysiology and develop targeted therapies. Source of infection, with different causative organisms and temporal changes, might influence this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES To investigate individual and temporal variations in the transcriptomic response to sepsis due to fecal peritonitis, and to compare these with the same parameters in community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS We performed genome-wide gene expression profiling in peripheral blood leukocytes of adult patients admitted to intensive care with sepsis due to fecal peritonitis (n = 117) or community-acquired pneumonia (n = 126), and of control subjects without sepsis (n = 10). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A substantial portion of the transcribed genome (18%) was differentially expressed compared with that of control subjects, independent of source of infection, with eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling being the most enriched canonical pathway. We identified two sepsis response signature (SRS) subgroups in fecal peritonitis associated with early mortality (P = 0.01; hazard ratio, 4.78). We defined gene sets predictive of SRS group, and serial sampling demonstrated that subgroup membership is dynamic during intensive care unit admission. We found that SRS is the major predictor of transcriptomic variation; a small number of genes (n = 263) were differentially regulated according to the source of infection, enriched for IFN signaling and antigen presentation. We define temporal changes in gene expression from disease onset involving phagosome formation as well as natural killer cell and IL-3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the sepsis transcriptomic response is independent of the source of infection and includes signatures reflecting immune response state and prognosis. A modest number of genes show evidence of specificity. Our findings highlight opportunities for patient stratification and precision medicine in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Burnham
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Davenport
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Humburg
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Gordon
- 2 Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Hutton
- 3 Adult Intensive Care Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eduardo Svoren-Jabalera
- 4 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Garrard
- 3 Adult Intensive Care Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J Hinds
- 4 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian C Knight
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Priya GB, Nagaleekar VK, Milton AAP, Saminathan M, Kumar A, Sahoo AR, Wani SA, Kumar A, Gupta SK, Sahoo AP, Tiwari AK, Agarwal RK, Gandham RK. Genome wide host gene expression analysis in mice experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179420. [PMID: 28704394 PMCID: PMC5509158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes acute septicemic and respiratory diseases, including haemorrhagic septicaemia, in cattle and buffalo with case fatality of 100%. In the present study, mice were infected with P. multocida (1.6 × 103 cfu, intraperitoneal) to evaluate host gene expression profile at early and late stages of infection using high throughput microarray transcriptome analyses. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at both the time points were identified in P.multocida infected spleen, liver and lungs. Functional annotation of these DEGs showed enrichment of key pathways such as TLR, NF-κB, MAPK, TNF, JAK-STAT and NOD like receptor signaling pathways. Several DEGs overlapped across different KEGG pathways indicating a crosstalk between them. The predicted protein—protein interaction among these DEGs suggested, that the recognition of P. multocida LPS or outer membrane components by TLR4 and CD14, results in intracellular signaling via MyD88, IRAKs and/or TRAF6 leading to activation of NFκB and MAPK pathways and associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bhuvana Priya
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Viswas Konasagara Nagaleekar
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (RKG); (VKN); (RKA)
| | - A. Arun Prince Milton
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M. Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahoo
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. K. Gupta
- Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region (ICAR-RCER), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Aditya P. Sahoo
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. K. Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. K. Agarwal
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (RKG); (VKN); (RKA)
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (RKG); (VKN); (RKA)
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Salvesen Ø, Reiten MR, Heegaard PMH, Tranulis MA, Espenes A, Skovgaard K, Ersdal C. Activation of innate immune genes in caprine blood leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:241. [PMID: 27793136 PMCID: PMC5084394 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a serious health problem associated with a range of infectious diseases in animals and humans. Early events of this syndrome can be mimicked by experimental administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Compared with mice, small ruminants and humans are highly sensitive to LPS, making goats valuable in inflammatory models. We performed a longitudinal study in eight Norwegian dairy goats that received LPS (0.1 μg/kg, Escherichia coli O26:B6) intravenously. A control group of five goats received corresponding volumes of sterile saline. Clinical examinations were performed continuously, and blood samples were collected throughout the trial. Results Characteristic signs of acute sepsis, such as sickness behavior, fever, and leukopenia were observed within 1 h of LPS administration. A high-throughput longitudinal gene expression analysis of circulating leukocytes was performed, and genes associated with the acute phase response, type I interferon signaling, LPS cascade and apoptosis, in addition to cytokines and chemokines were targeted. Pro-inflammatory genes, such as IL1B, CCL3 and IL8, were significantly up-regulated. Interestingly, increased mRNA levels of seven interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were observed peaking at 2 h, corroborating the increasing evidence that ISGs respond immediately to bacterial endotoxins. A slower response was manifested by four extrahepatic acute phase proteins (APP) (SAA3, HP, LF and LCN2) reaching maximum levels at 5 h. Conclusions We report an immediate induction of ISGs in leukocytes in response to LPS supporting a link between the interferon system and defense against bacterial infections. The extrahepatic expression of APPs suggests that leukocytes contribute to synthesis of these proteins at the beginning of a systemic inflammation. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the dynamic regulation of innate immune genes, as well as raising new questions regarding the importance of ISGs and extrahepatic APPs in leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0870-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Salvesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin R Reiten
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Vinther AML, Heegaard PMH, Skovgaard K, Buhl R, Andreassen SM, Andersen PH. Characterization and differentiation of equine experimental local and early systemic inflammation by expression responses of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:83. [PMID: 27250718 PMCID: PMC4888743 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local inflammation may progress into systemic inflammation. To increase our understanding of the basic immunological processes during transition of equine local inflammation into a systemic state, investigation into the equine systemic immune response to local inflammation is warranted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the innate peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) immune response to local inflammation in horses, and to compare this response with the PBL immune response during the early phase of acute systemic inflammation. Expression of 22 selected inflammation-related genes was measured in whole blood leukocytes from 6 horses in an experimental cross-over model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute synovitis (3 μg LPS intraarticularly; locally inflamed [LI] horses) and endotoxemia (1 μg LPS/kg intravenously; systemically inflamed [SI] horses). Multiple clinical and hematological/biochemical examinations were performed, and serial blood samples were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Post-induction expression profiles of all genes were compared between study groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering. Results Moderate synovitis and mild systemic inflammation of approximately 24 h duration was confirmed by clinical and paraclinical observations in LI and SI horses, respectively. In the LI group, samples obtained 3–16 h post-injection showed distinct clustering in the PCA compared with baseline levels, indicating a transcriptional response to local inflammation in PBLs in this time interval. There was no clinical or hematological indication of actual systemic inflammation. There was a clear separation of all LI samples from all SI samples in two distinct clusters, indicating that expression profiles in the two study groups were different, independent of time since LPS injection. Co-regulated genes formed four clusters across study groups which were distinctly differently regulated. Only few of individual genes displayed different expression between the study groups at all times after LPS injection. Conclusions Local inflammation in horses initiated an innate transcriptional response in PBLs, which differed from the transcriptional response during the early phase of systemic inflammation. This study may provide new insights into the immunobiology of PBLs during the transition of local inflammation into a systemic state. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0706-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette L Vinther
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Buhl
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Stine M Andreassen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Pia H Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Similarly Lethal Strains of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Trigger Markedly Diverse Host Responses in a Zebrafish Model of Sepsis. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00062-16. [PMID: 27303721 PMCID: PMC4894679 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00062-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In individuals with sepsis, the infecting microbes are commonly viewed as generic inducers of inflammation while the host background is considered the primary variable affecting disease progression and outcome. To study the effects of bacterial strain differences on the maladaptive immune responses that are induced during sepsis, we employed a novel zebrafish embryo infection model using extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates. These genetically diverse pathogens are a leading cause of sepsis and are becoming increasingly dangerous because of the rise of multidrug-resistant strains. Zebrafish infected with ExPEC isolates exhibit many of the pathophysiological features seen in septic human patients, including dysregulated inflammatory responses (cytokine storms), tachycardia, endothelial leakage, and progressive edema. However, only a limited subset of ExPEC isolates can trigger a sepsis-like state and death of the host when introduced into the bloodstream. Mirroring the situation in human patients, antibiotic therapy reduced ExPEC titers and improved host survival rates but was only effective within limited time frames that varied, depending on the infecting pathogen. Intriguingly, we find that phylogenetically distant but similarly lethal ExPEC isolates can stimulate markedly different host transcriptional responses, including disparate levels of inflammatory mediators. These differences correlate with the amounts of bacterial flagellin expression during infection, as well as differential activation of Toll-like receptor 5 by discrete flagellar serotypes. Altogether, this work establishes zebrafish as a relevant model of key aspects of human sepsis and highlights the ability of genetically distinct ExPEC isolates to induce divergent host responses independently of baseline host attributes. IMPORTANCE Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory condition that is initiated by the presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream. In the United States, sepsis due to ExPEC and other pathogens kills well over a quarter of a million people each year and is associated with tremendous health care costs. A high degree of heterogeneity in the signs and symptomology of sepsis makes this disease notoriously difficult to effectively diagnose and manage. Here, using a zebrafish model of sepsis, we find that similarly lethal but genetically distinct ExPEC isolates can elicit notably disparate host responses. These variances are in part due to differences in the levels and types of flagellin that are expressed by the infecting ExPEC strains. A better understanding of the variable impact that bacterial factors like flagellin have on host responses during sepsis could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these often deadly infections. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available.
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Holm A, Magnusson KE, Vikström E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine Lactone Elicits Changes in Cell Volume, Morphology, and AQP9 Characteristics in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:32. [PMID: 27047801 PMCID: PMC4805602 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) communication allows Pseudomonas aeruginosa to collectively control its population density and the production of biofilms and virulence factors. QS signal molecules, like N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL), can also affect the behavior of host cells, e.g., by modulating the chemotaxis, migration, and phagocytosis of human leukocytes. Moreover, host water homeostasis and water channels aquaporins (AQP) are critical for cell morphology and functions as AQP interact indirectly with the cell cytoskeleton and signaling cascades. Here, we investigated how P. aeruginosa 3O-C12-HSL affects cell morphology, area, volume and AQP9 expression and distribution in human primary macrophages, using quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, two- and three-dimensional live imaging, confocal and nanoscale imaging. Thus, 3O-C12-HSL enhanced cell volume and area and induced cell shape and protrusion fluctuations in macrophages, processes tentatively driven by fluxes of water across cell membrane through AQP9, the predominant AQP in macrophages. Moreover, 3O-C12-HSL upregulated the expression of AQP9 at both the protein and mRNA levels. This was accompanied with enhanced whole cell AQP9 fluorescent intensity and redistribution of AQP9 to the leading and trailing regions, in parallel with increased cell area in the macrophages. Finally, nanoscopy imaging provided details on AQP9 dynamics and architecture within the lamellipodial area of 3O-C12-HSL-stimulated cells. We suggest that these novel events in the interaction between P. aeruginosa and macrophage may have an impact on the effectiveness of innate immune cells to fight bacteria, and thereby resolve the early stages of infections and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Holm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karl-Eric Magnusson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elena Vikström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
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Serum Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor A3 (LILRA3) Is Increased in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Is a Strong Independent Indicator of Disease Severity; 6.7kbp LILRA3 Gene Deletion Is Not Associated with Diseases Susceptibility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149200. [PMID: 26871720 PMCID: PMC4752247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a soluble immune regulatory molecule primarily expressed by monocytes and macrophages. A homozygous 6.7kbp LILRA3 gene deletion that removes the first seven of its eight exons is predicted to lead to lack of LILRA3 protein, although this has not been experimentally confirmed. Moreover, there are conflicting results with regards to the link between the LILRA3 homozygous genetic deletion and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) in different European populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LILRA3 gene deletion is associated with MS susceptibility in a North American cohort of European ancestry and assess if serum LILRA3 protein level is a marker of clinical subtype and/or disease severity in MS. A total of 456 patients with MS and 99 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped for the 6.7kbp LILRA3 gene deletion and levels of LILRA3 protein in sera determined by in-house sandwich ELISA. We showed that LILRA3 gene deletion was not associated with MS susceptibility and did not affect the age of disease onset, clinical subtype or disease severity. However, we discovered for the first time that homozygous LILRA3 gene deletion results in lack of production of LILRA3 protein. Importantly, LILRA3 protein level was significantly increased in sera of patients with MS when compared with control subjects, particularly in more severe type primary progressive MS. Multiple regression analysis showed that LILRA3 level in serum was one of the strongest independent markers of disease severity in MS, which potentially can be used as a diagnostic marker.
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Innate immunity gene expression changes in critically ill patients with sepsis and disease-related malnutrition. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:311-24. [PMID: 26648775 PMCID: PMC4655381 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.54593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was an attempt to determine whether the expression of genes involved in innate antibacterial response (TL R2, NOD 1, TRAF6, HMGB 1 and Hsp70) in peripheral blood leukocytes in critically ill patients, may undergo significant changes depending on the severity of the infection and the degree of malnutrition. The study was performed in a group of 128 patients with infections treated in the intensive care and surgical ward. In 103/80.5% of patients, infections had a severe course (sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, mechanical ventilation of the lungs). Clinical monitoring included diagnosis of severe infection (according to the criteria of the ACC P/SCC M), assessment of severity of the patient condition and risk of death (APACHE II and SAPS II), nutritional assessment (NRS 2002 and SGA scales) and the observation of the early results of treatment. Gene expression at the mRNA level was analyzed by real-time PCR. The results of the present study indicate that in critically ill patients treated in the IC U there are significant disturbances in the expression of genes associated with innate antimicrobial immunity, which may have a significant impact on the clinical outcome. The expression of these genes varies depending on the severity of the patient condition, severity of infection and nutritional status. Expression disorders of genes belonging to innate antimicrobial immunity should be diagnosed as early as possible, monitored during the treatment and taken into account during early therapeutic treatment (including early nutrition to support the functions of immune cells).
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Jamil M, Wang W, Xu M, Tu J. Exploring the roles of basal transcription factor 3 in eukaryotic growth and development. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2015; 31:21-45. [PMID: 26428578 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2015.1080064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Basal transcription factor 3 (BTF3) has been reported to play a significant part in the transcriptional regulation linking with eukaryotes growth and development. Alteration in the BTF3 gene expression patterns or variation in their activities adds to the explanation of different signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Moreover, BTF3s often respond to numerous stresses, and subsequently they are involved in regulation of various mechanisms. BTF3 proteins also function through protein-protein contact, which can assist us to identify the multifaceted processes of signaling and transcriptional regulation controlled by BTF3 proteins. In this review, we discuss current advances made in starting to explore the roles of BTF3 transcription factors in eukaryotes especially in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China.,b Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Kohat University of Science and Technology , Kohat 26000 , Pakistan
| | - Wenyi Wang
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jumin Tu
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
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Abstract
In this meta-study, we aimed to integrate biological insights gained from two levels of -omics analyses on the response to systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in humans. We characterized the interplay between plasma metabolite compositions and transcriptional response of leukocytes through integration of transcriptomics with plasma metabonomics. We hypothesized that the drastic changes in the immediate environment of the leukocytes might have an adaptive effect on shaping their transcriptional response in conjunction with the initial inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, we observed that leukocytes, most notably, tune the activity of lipid- and protein-associated processes at the transcriptional level in accordance with the fluctuations in metabolite compositions of surrounding plasma. A closer look into the transcriptional control of only metabolic pathways uncovered alterations in bioenergetics and defenses against oxidative stress closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and shifts in energy production observed during inflammatory processes.
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Vinther AML, Skovgaard K, Heegaard PMH, Andersen PH. Dynamic expression of leukocyte innate immune genes in whole blood from horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute systemic inflammation. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:134. [PMID: 26076814 PMCID: PMC4467047 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In horses, insights into the innate immune processes in acute systemic inflammation are limited even though these processes may be highly important for future diagnostic and therapeutic advances in high-mortality disease conditions as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of 31 selected blood leukocyte immune genes in an equine model of acute systemic inflammation to identify significantly regulated genes and to describe their expression dynamics during a 24-h experimental period. Systemic inflammation was induced in 6 adult horses by the intravenous injection of 1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per kg btw. Sixteen blood samples were collected for each horse at predetermined intervals and analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Post-induction expression levels for each gene were compared with baseline levels. Results Systemic inflammation was confirmed by the presence of clinical and hematological changes which were consistent with SIRS. The clinical response to LPS was transient and brief as all horses except one showed unaltered general demeanor after 24 h. Twenty-two leukocyte genes were significantly regulated at at least one time point during the experimental period. By close inspection of the temporal responses the dynamic changes in mRNA abundance revealed a very rapid onset of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and a substantial variation in both expression magnitudes and duration of changes between genes. A majority of the 22 significantly regulated genes peaked within the first 8 h after induction, and an on-going, albeit tightly controlled, regulation was seen after 24 h despite approximate clinical recovery. Conclusions This first broad study of gene expressions in blood leukocytes during equine acute LPS-induced systemic inflammation thoroughly characterized a highly regulated and dynamic innate immune response. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of equine systemic inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0450-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette L Vinther
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Pia H Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hirayasu K, Arase H. Functional and genetic diversity of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor and implication for disease associations. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:703-8. [PMID: 26040207 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 functional genes encoding five activating (LILRA1, 2, 4-6), five inhibitory (LILRB1-5) and one soluble (LILRA3) form. The number of LILR genes is conserved among individuals, except for LILRA3 and LILRA6, which exhibit copy-number variations. The LILR genes are rapidly evolving and showing large interspecies differences, making it difficult to analyze the functions of LILR using an animal model. LILRs are expressed on various cells such as lymphoid and myeloid cells and the expression patterns are different from gene to gene. The LILR gene expression and polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cytomegalovirus infection. Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I is a well-characterized ligand for some LILRs, non-HLA ligands have been increasingly identified in recent years. LILRs have diverse functions, including the regulation of inflammation, immune tolerance, cell differentiation and nervous system plasticity. This review focuses on the genetic and functional diversity of the LILR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Kamisoglu K, Haimovich B, Calvano SE, Coyle SM, Corbett SA, Langley RJ, Kingsmore SF, Androulakis IP. Human metabolic response to systemic inflammation: assessment of the concordance between experimental endotoxemia and clinical cases of sepsis/SIRS. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:71. [PMID: 25887472 PMCID: PMC4383069 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Two recent, independent, studies conducted novel metabolomics analyses relevant to human sepsis progression; one was a human model of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) challenge (experimental endotoxemia) and the other was community acquired pneumonia and sepsis outcome diagnostic study (CAPSOD). The purpose of the present study was to assess the concordance of metabolic responses to LPS and community-acquired sepsis. Methods We tested the hypothesis that the patterns of metabolic response elicited by endotoxin would agree with those in clinical sepsis. Alterations in the plasma metabolome of the subjects challenged with LPS were compared with those of sepsis patients who had been stratified into two groups: sepsis patients with confirmed infection and non-infected patients who exhibited systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Common metabolites between endotoxemia and both these groups were individually identified, together with their direction of change and functional classifications. Results Response to endotoxemia at the metabolome level elicited characteristics that agree well with those observed in sepsis patients despite the high degree of variability in the response of these patients. Moreover, some distinct features of SIRS have been identified. Upon stratification of sepsis patients based on 28-day survival, the direction of change in 21 of 23 metabolites was the same in endotoxemia and sepsis survival groups. Conclusions The observed concordance in plasma metabolomes of LPS-treated subjects and sepsis survivors strengthens the relevance of endotoxemia to clinical research as a physiological model of community-acquired sepsis, and gives valuable insights into the metabolic changes that constitute a homeostatic response. Furthermore, recapitulation of metabolic differences between sepsis non-survivors and survivors in LPS-treated subjects can enable further research on the development and assessment of rational clinical therapies to prevent sepsis mortality. Compared with earlier studies which focused exclusively on comparing transcriptional dynamics, the distinct metabolomic responses to systemic inflammation with or without confirmed infection, suggest that the metabolome is much better at differentiating these pathophysiologies. Finally, the metabolic changes in the recovering patients shift towards the LPS-induced response pattern strengthening the notion that the metabolic, as well as transcriptional responses, characteristic to the endotoxemia model represent necessary and “healthy” responses to infectious stimuli. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0783-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Kamisoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Beatrice Haimovich
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Steve E Calvano
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Susette M Coyle
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Siobhan A Corbett
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Raymond J Langley
- Department of Respiratory Immunology, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Pivovarova O, Hornemann S, Weimer S, Lu Y, Murahovschi V, Zhuk S, Seltmann AC, Malashicheva A, Kostareva A, Kruse M, Busjahn A, Rudovich N, Pfeiffer AFH. Regulation of nutrition-associated receptors in blood monocytes of normal weight and obese humans. Peptides 2015; 65:12-9. [PMID: 25620618 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic diseases are characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation which involves interplay of nutrition and monocyte/macrophage functions. We suggested that some factors such as nutrient components, neuropeptides involved in the control of gastrointestinal functions, and gastrointestinal hormones might influence immune cell functions and in this way contribute to the disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of twelve nutrition-associated receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), isolated monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages and their regulation under the switching from the high-carbohydrate low-fat diet to the low-carbohydrate high-fat (LC/HFD) isocaloric diet in healthy humans. The mRNA expression of receptors for short chain fatty acids (GPR41, GPR43), bile acids (TGR5), incretins (GIPR, GLP1R), cholecystokinin (CCKAR), neuropeptides VIP and PACAP (VIPR1, VIPR2), and neurotensin (NTSR1) was detected in PBMC and monocytes, while GPR41, GPR43, GIPR, TGR5, and VIPR1 were found in macrophages. Correlations of the receptor expression in monocytes with a range of metabolic and inflammatory markers were found. In non-obese subjects, the dietary switch to LC/HFD induced the increase of GPR43 and VIPR1 expression in monocytes. No significant differences of receptor expression between normal weight and moderately obese subjects were found. Our study characterized for the first time the expression pattern of nutrition-associated receptors in human blood monocytes and its dietary-induced changes linking metabolic responses to nutrition with immune functions in health and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sandra Weimer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronica Murahovschi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei Zhuk
- Almazov Federal Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anne-Cathrin Seltmann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Almazov Federal Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov Federal Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Kruse
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Weiss SL, Cvijanovich NZ, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Freishtat RJ, Anas N, Meyer K, Checchia PA, Shanley TP, Bigham MT, Fitzgerald J, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Howard K, Frank E, Harmon K, Wong HR. Differential expression of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcriptome in pediatric septic shock. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:623. [PMID: 25410281 PMCID: PMC4247726 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in organ injury and immune dysregulation in sepsis. Although differential expression of mitochondrial genes in blood cells has been reported for several diseases in which bioenergetic failure is a postulated mechanism, there are no data about the blood cell mitochondrial transcriptome in pediatric sepsis. Methods We conducted a focused analysis using a multicenter genome-wide expression database of 180 children ≤10 years of age with septic shock and 53 healthy controls. Using total RNA isolated from whole blood within 24 hours of PICU admission for septic shock, we evaluated 296 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes using a false discovery rate of 1%. A series of bioinformatic approaches were applied to compare differentially expressed genes across previously validated gene expression-based subclasses (groups A, B, and C) of pediatric septic shock. Results In total, 118 genes were differentially regulated in subjects with septic shock compared to healthy controls, including 48 genes that were upregulated and 70 that were downregulated. The top scoring canonical pathway was oxidative phosphorylation, with general downregulation of the 51 genes corresponding to the electron transport system (ETS). The top two gene networks were composed primarily of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins highly connected to ETS complex I, and genes encoding for ETS complexes I, II, and IV that were highly connected to the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) family. There were 162 mitochondrial genes differentially regulated between groups A, B, and C. Group A, which had the highest maximum number of organ failures and mortality, exhibited a greater downregulation of mitochondrial genes compared to groups B and C. Conclusions Based on a focused analysis of a pediatric septic shock transcriptomic database, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were differentially regulated early in pediatric septic shock compared to healthy controls, as well as across genotypic and phenotypic distinct pediatric septic shock subclasses. The nuclear genome may be an important mechanism contributing to alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetic function and outcomes in pediatric sepsis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0623-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Weiss
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 1411 East 31st Street, Oakland, CA, 94602, USA.
| | - Geoffrey L Allen
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Penn State Children's Hospital, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Nick Anas
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
| | - Keith Meyer
- Miami Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Avenue, Miami, FL, 33155, USA.
| | - Paul A Checchia
- Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Thomas P Shanley
- CS Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan, 1540 E Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Michael T Bigham
- Akron Children's Hospital, 1 Perkins Square, Akron, OH, 44302, USA.
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sharon Banschbach
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Eileen Beckman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Kelli Howard
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Erin Frank
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Kelli Harmon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Erdely A, Antonini JM, Young SH, Kashon ML, Gu JK, Hulderman T, Salmen R, Meighan T, Roberts JR, Zeidler-Erdely PC. Oxidative stress and reduced responsiveness of challenged circulating leukocytes following pulmonary instillation of metal-rich particulate matter in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:34. [PMID: 25123171 PMCID: PMC4151022 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Welding fume is an exposure that consists of a mixture of metal-rich particulate matter with gases (ozone, carbon monoxide) and/or vapors (VOCs). Data suggests that welders are immune compromised. Given the inability of pulmonary leukocytes to properly respond to a secondary infection in animal models, the question arose whether the dysfunction persisted systemically. Our aim was to evaluate the circulating leukocyte population in terms of cellular activation, presence of oxidative stress, and functionality after a secondary challenge, following welding fume exposure. Rats were intratracheally instilled (ITI) with PBS or 2 mg of welding fume collected from a stainless steel weld. Rats were sacrificed 4 and 24 h post-exposure and whole blood was collected. Whole blood was used for cellular differential counts, RNA isolation with subsequent microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and secondary stimulation with LPS utilizing TruCulture technology. In addition, mononuclear cells were isolated 24 h post-exposure to measure oxidative stress by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Welding fume exposure had rapid effects on the circulating leukocyte population as identified by relative mRNA expression changes. Instillation of welding fume reduced inflammatory protein production of circulating leukocytes when challenged with the secondary stimulus LPS. The effects were not related to transcription, but were observed in conjunction with oxidative stress. These findings support previous studies of an inadequate pulmonary immune response following a metal-rich exposure and extend those findings showing leukocyte dysfunction occurs systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown 26505, WV, USA.
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48
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Meitern R, Andreson R, Hõrak P. Profile of whole blood gene expression following immune stimulation in a wild passerine. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:533. [PMID: 24972896 PMCID: PMC4092216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoecology aims to explain variation among hosts in the strength and efficacy of immunological defences in natural populations. This requires development of biomarkers of the activation of the immune system so that they can be collected non-lethally and sampled from small amounts of easily obtainable tissue. We used transcriptome profiling in wild greenfinches (Carduelis chloris) to detect whole blood transcripts that most profoundly indicate upregulation of antimicrobial defences during acute phase response. The more general aim of this study was to obtain a functional annotation of a substantial portion of the greenfinch transcriptome that would enable to gain access to more specific genomic tools in subsequent studies. The birds received either bacterial lipopolysaccharide or saline injections and RNA-seq transcriptional profiling was performed 12 h after treatment to provide initial functional annotation of the transcriptome and assess whole blood response to immune stimulation. Results A total of 66,084 transcripts were obtained from de novo Trinty assembly, out of which 23,153 could be functionally annotated. Only 1,911 of these were significantly upregulated or downregulated. The manipulation caused marked upregulation of several transcripts related to immune activation. These included avian-specific antimicrobial agents avidin and gallinacin, but also some more general host response genes, such as serum amyloid A protein, lymphocyte antigen 75 and copper-transporting ATPase 1. However, links with avian immunity for most differentially regulated transcripts remained rather hypothetical, as a large set of differentially expressed transcripts lacked functional annotation. Conclusions This appears to be the first large scale transcriptional profiling of immune function in passerine birds. The transcriptomic data obtained suggest novel markers for the assessment of the immunological state of wild passerines. Characterizing the function of those possible novel infection markers would assist future vertebrate genome annotation. The extensive sequence information collected enables to identify possible target and housekeeping genes needed to gain access to more specific genomic tools in future studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-533) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meitern
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu University, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand endotoxin triggers robust systemic inflammatory responses in humans at doses equal to or greater than 1 ng/kg. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that evidence of TLR4-induced responses would be detectable in leukocytes challenged with endotoxin doses that are below the threshold needed to trigger a characteristic systemic inflammatory phenotype in humans. METHODS Subjects were challenged with endotoxin at 1, 0.5, or 0.1 ng/kg (n = 5 per dose). Systemic responses were monitored for 24 hours. Blood samples, collected at designated intervals, were used to determine plasma cytokines levels, total and differential leukocyte counts, expression of leukocyte cell surface receptors, and changes in the leukocyte transcriptome. Western blotting was used to determine changes in leukocyte protein expression. RESULTS We found that in vivo endotoxin at doses below 1.0 ng/kg triggers weak and variable responses in humans. In marked contrast, we show that endotoxin at a concentration as low as 0.1 ng/kg triggers a transient decline in cellular ATP levels in leukocytes. This is associated with the appearance of a unique protein expression signature in leukocytes. The protein expression signature includes 3 prominent features: (i) AMP-activated protein kinase subunit α (AMPKα) degradation, (ii) increased hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α expression, and (iii) autophagy, collectively indicative of a regulated metabolic response. An indistinguishable response phenotype was observed in human leukocytes treated with endotoxin in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time in humans that a TLR4 ligand concentration that is below the threshold needed to trigger clinically evident systemic inflammatory manifestations initiates a transient decline in ATP levels, AMPKα degradation, HIF-1α expression, and autophagy in leukocytes. This establishes that low-grade TLR4 activation exerts control over leukocyte metabolism in the absence of systemic inflammatory indicators.
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Rabolli V, Wallemme L, Lo Re S, Uwambayinema F, Palmai-Pallag M, Thomassen L, Tyteca D, Octave JN, Marbaix E, Lison D, Devuyst O, Huaux F. Critical role of aquaporins in interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13937-47. [PMID: 24700466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid changes in cell volume characterize macrophage activation, but the role of water channels in inflammation remains unclear. We show here that, in vitro, aquaporin (AQP) blockade or deficiency results in reduced IL-1β release by macrophages activated with a variety of NLRP3 activators. Inhibition of AQP specifically during the regulatory volume decrease process is sufficient to limit IL-1β release by macrophages through the NLRP3 inflammasome axis. The immune-related activity of AQP was confirmed in vivo in a model of acute lung inflammation induced by crystals. AQP1 deficiency is associated with a marked reduction of both lung IL-1β release and neutrophilic inflammation. We conclude that AQP-mediated water transport in macrophages constitutes a general danger signal required for NLRP3-related inflammation. Our findings reveal a new function of AQP in the inflammatory process and suggest a novel therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rabolli
- From the Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) and
| | - Laurent Wallemme
- From the Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) and
| | - Sandra Lo Re
- From the Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) and
| | | | | | - Leen Thomassen
- the Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and
| | | | - Jean-Noel Octave
- Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dominique Lison
- From the Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) and
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- the Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland Division of Nephrology, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC)
| | - François Huaux
- From the Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) and
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