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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Ahmad N, Wang Y, Choudhary MI, Sheema, Khan R, Zafar S. Potent bioactive metabolites from Olea ferruginea. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38353158 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2315592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Seven known (1-7) and one new compound (8) were isolated and identified from the stem of Olea ferruginea. The species has been recognised as a new source for six of the known metabolites (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). Based on detailed spectroscopic analyses, these compounds were identified as scopoletin (1), 8-ketosetosterol (2), (+)-cycloolivil (3), (+)-africanal (4), isovanilic acid (5), hydroxytyrosol acetate (6), vanillic acid (7), and cycloolivil A (8). The crude extracts and purified compounds were analysed for their Leishmanicidal, anti-glycation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. n-Hexane fraction was found to be the most active (among all the fractions), against Leishmania parasites, exhibiting 97.85% inhibition at 15 μg/mL. However, none of the extracts showed any significant anti-glycation or anti-cancer potential, all the fractions, except the aqueous layer, displayed moderate to low anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 was found to have strong anti-inflammatory activity, exhibiting 96.7% stimulation at 25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Chandrasekhar G, Shukla M, Kaul G, K R, Chopra S, Pandey R. Characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of anthraquinones and triterpenes from Rubia cordifolia. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:1110-1116. [PMID: 37010931 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2193698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of roots of the plant, Rubia cordifolia Linn, led to the isolation of an undescribed anthraquinone, cordifoquinone R, determined as 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (6) based on the 1D and 2D NMR analyses and HRESIMS. Ten other known compounds viz.1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (1), rubiadin (2), xanthopurpurin (3), 1-methoxy-3-hydroxy-2-carbomethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (4), alizarin (5), β-sitosterol glucoside (7), scopoletin (8), oleanolic acid, (9), pomolic acid (10), queretaroic acid (11) were also isolated. Out of these compounds, 4, 10, and 11 are first reported from this plant species. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 7, and 10 showed activity in the range of 16-32 µg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 29213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giddigari Chandrasekhar
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rekha K
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Richa Pandey
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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Mishra K, Rana R, Tripathi S, Siddiqui S, Yadav PK, Yadav PN, Chourasia MK. Recent Advancements in Nanocarrier-assisted Brain Delivery of Phytochemicals Against Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2936-2968. [PMID: 37278860 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing advancements in research, the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the treatment of neurological disorders (NDs) a challenging task, offering only partial symptomatic relief. Various adverse effects associated with existing approaches are another significant barrier that prompts the usage of structurally diverse phytochemicals as preventive/therapeutic lead against NDs in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite numerous beneficial properties, phytochemicals suffer from poor pharmacokinetic profile which limits their pharmacological activity and necessitates the utility of nanotechnology for efficient drug delivery. Nanocarriers have been shown to be proficient carriers that can enhance drug delivery, bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability of phytochemicals. We, thus, conducted a meticulous literature survey using several electronic databases to gather relevant studies in order to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of nanocarriers in delivering phytochemicals as a treatment approach for NDs. Additionally, the review highlights the mechanisms of drug transport of nanocarriers across the BBB and explores their potential future applications in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Rafquat Rana
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shourya Tripathi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Neuro Science & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
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Molokoane TL, Kemboi D, Siwe-Noundou X, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Tembu VJ. Extractives from Artemisia afra with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3369. [PMID: 37836110 PMCID: PMC10574767 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of Artemisia afra using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of A. afra led to the isolation of eight (A-H) compounds which were identified as 3β-taraxerol (A), 3β-taraxerol acetate (B), dodecyl-p-coumarate (C), ferulic acid (D), scopoletin (E), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (F), 3,5-di-O-feruloylquinic acid (G) and Isofraxidin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (H) based on spectroscopic data. Compounds A, B, C, F, G, and H are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of A. afra. The isolated compounds and extracts from A. afra exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound E (62.5 µg/mL) showed good activities against Escherichia coli. Compounds C and F also showed good activity against Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (A-H) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumelo L. Molokoane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kabianga, Kericho 2030, Kenya
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Ibukun M. Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (I.M.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (I.M.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Yap VL, Tan LF, Rajagopal M, Wiart C, Selvaraja M, Leong MY, Tan PL. Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of a new polyherbal formulation TC-16: additive, synergistic or antagonistic? BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 36978110 PMCID: PMC10045111 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific literature has demonstrated the association of free radicals in the aetiology of various chronic diseases. Hence, the identification of potent antioxidants remains a useful task. The combination of multiple herbs in polyherbal formulations (PHF) is often associated with greater therapeutic efficacy due to synergistic interactions. However, antagonism can occur in natural product mixtures and the resultant antioxidant potential might not always be the additive value of the antioxidant properties of each component. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidative potential and interaction among the herbs in TC-16, a new PHF comprising Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale var. Bentong, Piper nigrum L., Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands and Apis dorsata honey. METHODS TC-16 was screened for phytochemicals. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of TC-16 and its individual ingredients were determined, followed by assessment of antioxidant properties using in vitro assays including 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assays. Interactions among the herbs were also investigated by calculating the difference in antioxidant activity and combination index. RESULTS Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides were present in TC-16. TC-16 possessed the highest phenolic (46.14 ± 1.40 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (132.69 ± 1.43 mg CE/g) contents following C. longa. Synergistic antioxidant activity among the herbs was evident in ORAC and BCB assays which uses mainly hydrogen atom transfer-based antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS TC-16 demonstrated roles in combating free radicals. In a PHF, synergistic interaction among the herbs is observed in some but not all mechanisms. Mechanisms showing synergistic interactions should be highlighted to maximise the beneficial property of the PHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Lien Yap
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fang Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia.
| | - Malarvili Selvaraja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mun Yee Leong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Puay Luan Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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Elmongy EI, Ahmed AAS, El Sayed IET, Fathy G, Awad HM, Salman AU, Hamed MA. Synthesis, Biocidal and Antibiofilm Activities of New Isatin-Quinoline Conjugates against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens along with Their In Silico Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1507. [PMID: 36358162 PMCID: PMC9686684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatin-quinoline conjugates 10a-f and 11a-f were assembled by the reaction of N-(bromobutyl) isatin derivatives 3a, b with aminoquinolines 6a-c and their corresponding hydrazinyl 9a-c in good yields. The structures of the resulting conjugates were established by spectroscopic tools and showed data consistent with the proposed structures. In vitro antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated. All tested conjugates showed significant biocidal activity with lower MIC than the first line drugs chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Conjugates 10a, 10b and 10f displayed the most potent activity against all clinical isolates. The antibiofilm activity for all tested conjugates was screened against the reference drug vancomycin using the MRSA strain. The results revealed that all conjugates had an inhibitory activity against biofilm formation and conjugate. Conjugate 11a showed 83.60% inhibition at 10 mg/mL. In addition, TEM studies were used to prove the mechanism of antibacterial action of conjugates 10a and 11a against (MRSA). Modeling procedures were performed on 10a-f and 11a-f and interestingly the results were nearly consistent with the biological activities. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed and revealed that the synthesized compounds 10a-f and 11a-f were considered drug-like molecules with promising bioavailability and high GI absorption. The results confirmed that the title compounds caused the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and could be used as potential leads for the further development and optimization of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. S. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | | | - Ghady Fathy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Ayah Usama Salman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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Jubair N, R. M, Fatima A, Mahdi YK, Abdullah NH. Evaluation of Catechin Synergistic and Antibacterial Efficacy on Biofilm Formation and acrA Gene Expression of Uropathogenic E. coli Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091223. [PMID: 36140002 PMCID: PMC9495025 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli has a propensity to build biofilms to resist host defense and antimicrobials. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming E. coli is a significant public health problem. Consequently, searching for alternative medications has become essential. This study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial, synergistic, and antibiofilm activities of catechin isolated from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against three E. coli ATCC reference strains (ATCC 25922, ATCC 8739, and ATCC 43895) and fifteen clinical isolates collected from UTI patients in Baghdad, Iraq. In addition, the expression of the biofilm-related gene, acrA, was evaluated with and without catechin treatment. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding mode between catechin and the target protein using Autodock Vina 1.2.0 software. Catechin demonstrated significant bactericidal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1–2 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range of 2–4 mg/mL and strong synergy when combined with tetracycline at the MBC value. In addition, catechin substantially reduced E. coli biofilm by downregulating the acrA gene with a reduction percent ≥ 60%. In silico analysis revealed that catechin bound with high affinity (∆G = −8.2 kcal/mol) to AcrB protein (PDB-ID: 5ENT), one of the key AcrAB-TolC efflux pump proteins suggesting that catechin might inhibit the acrA gene indirectly by docking at the active site of AcrB protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwan Jubair
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Mogana R.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasir K. Mahdi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Clodoveo ML, Muraglia M, Crupi P, Hbaieb RH, De Santis S, Desantis A, Corbo F. The Tower of Babel of Pharma-Food Study on Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131915. [PMID: 35804731 PMCID: PMC9265897 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to reveal the functional properties of extra virgin olive oil polyphenols on human health once EVOO is consumed regularly as part of a balanced diet, as in the Mediterranean lifestyle. Despite the huge variety of research conducted, only one effect of EVOO polyphenols has been formally approved by EFSA as a health claim. This is probably because EFSA’s scientific opinion is entrusted to scientific expertise about food and medical sciences, which adopt very different investigative methods and experimental languages, generating a gap in the scientific communication that is essential for the enhancement of the potentially useful effects of EVOO polyphenols on health. Through the model of the Tower of Babel, we propose a challenge for science communication, capable of disrupting the barriers between different scientific areas and building bridges through transparent data analysis from the different investigative methodologies at each stage of health benefits assessment. The goal of this work is the strategic, distinctive, and cost-effective integration of interdisciplinary experiences and technologies into a highly harmonious workflow, organized to build a factual understanding that translates, because of trade, into health benefits for buyers, promoting EVOOs as having certified health benefits, not just as condiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Rim Hachicha Hbaieb
- Biocatalysis and Industrial Enzymes Group, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Addolorata Desantis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DISPA), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
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Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Green Cosmeceutical Herbal Face Cream Containing Standardized Mangosteen Peel Extract. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely reported adverse effects of synthetic ingredients encourage the development of green cosmeceuticals to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. The waste product of mangosteen (mangosteen peel) was utilized in the formulation to reduce waste production corresponding to SDG 12, in addition to its anti-aging and pigmentation control effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate novel herbal face creams containing standardized mangosteen peel extract. The mangosteen creams were formulated using natural ingredients and were evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics, rheology, spreadability and pH. Furthermore, an accelerated stability study, freeze–thaw stability study and centrifugation test were conducted. In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess its antioxidant effects, whereas tyrosinase inhibitory assay was conducted to determine its anti-tyrosinase activity. The formulated creams appeared light yellowish-brown and homogenous without phase separation. The creams displayed shear-thinning behavior and optimal pH which was ideal for topical application. The creams were stable after being subjected to various stability tests and were shown to have antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, the development of mangosteen-based green cosmeceutical face cream is in line with SDG 3 and 12. It is expected to be used as a safe and effective alternative to synthetic products.
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Parama D, Girisa S, Khatoon E, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. An Overview of the Pharmacological Activities of Scopoletin against Different Chronic Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rostom B, Karaky R, Kassab I, Sylla-Iyarreta Veitia M. Coumarins derivatives and inflammation: Review of their effects on the inflammatory signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Antika LD, Tasfiyati AN, Hikmat H, Septama AW. Scopoletin: a review of its source, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and pharmacological activities. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:303-316. [PMID: 35218175 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin, also known as 6-methoxy-7 hydroxycoumarin, is one of the naturally occurring coumarin commonly found in many edible plants and plays an important role in human health. Despite the various potential pharmacological properties, the biosynthesis process, method of extraction, and mechanism of action on this compound have not been documented well. In this current review, the biosynthesis pathway, distribution of scopoletin in the plant kingdom, and extraction techniques are elaborated. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico pharmacological studies are also discussed on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective aspects of scopoletin. This study may help to understand the benefit of scopoletin containing plants and would be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Dwi Antika
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Aprilia Nur Tasfiyati
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Hikmat Hikmat
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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Khatun Kali MS, Islam Khan MR, Barman RK, Hossain MF, Ibne Wahed MI. Cilnidipine and magnesium sulfate supplement ameliorates hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and inhibits oxidative-stress in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08671. [PMID: 35028456 PMCID: PMC8741449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cilnidipine (CLN) and Mg-supplementation in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male Wister rats by feeding fructose (10% solution) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Diabetic rats were subjected for the oral administration of CLN1 (1 mg/kg/day) and CLN10 (10 mg/kg/day), and/or methyl cellulose (0.5%) as vehicle for 28 days. After 14 days of CLN treatment, MgSO4 (1%) was added to CLN1 and CLN10 groups for another 14 days. Age-matched healthy rats were used as normal control. After 28 days body weights were measured and organ weight to body ratio was calculated. Serum samples were analysed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid, lipid profiles, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase myocardial-band (CK-MB), creatinine, albumin, electrolytes. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), liver histopathology and in-vivo antioxidant activities were also performed. The survival rate in diabetic rats was 100% after the oral administration of CLN, Mg-supplement and/or vehicle. A significant reduction in FBS levels and improvement in OGTT were observed in CLN10, CLN1+Mg and CLN10 + Mg groups after 28 days. Further, the treatment ameliorated serum lipid profile, uric acid, and albumin levels. The groups CLN10 and CLN10 + Mg improved HbA1c, liver glycogen, creatinine, T3, TSH levels and electrolytes in diabetic rats. Moreover, liver from CLN10 and CLN10 + Mg groups showed preservation of cellular architecture as evidenced by attenuation of inflammatory markers SGPT, SGOT and CK-MB; and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative stress were significantly improved. CLN exerted prominent effects in the amelioration of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and reduced hepatic inflammation; and Mg-supplementation might have some beneficial effects on diabetic complications and oxidative stress in fructose-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most. Sumaiya Khatun Kali
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ranjan Kumar Barman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mir Imam Ibne Wahed
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Liu Z, Jiang S, Tao Y, Jiang L, Mei L. Comprehensive screening and separation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Pterocephalus hookeri by affinity solid-phase extraction coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1183:122981. [PMID: 34634740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pterocephalus hookeri, a classical Tibetan herb, is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and contains various constituents potentially with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition. A novel strategy for screening and target separating COX-2 inhibitors from the extracts of P. hookeri based on affinity solid-phase extraction (ASPE) column combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pre-HPLC) was successfully developed. The potential COX-2 inhibitors of P. hookeri were screened and recognized by the ASPE-HPLC system, which strategy is to analyze the compounds isolated by the ASPE column. Then, the active compounds were targeted separated by pre-HPLC according to real-time chromatograms. The control drugs celecoxib and glipizide were analyzed to verify the specificity and accuracy of the developed method. As a result, two pure compounds with COX-2 binding affinities were successfully separated from P. hookeri. They were characterized as swertisin and scopoletin using 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the in vitro COX-2 inhibitory activities were verified. Compounds with COX-2 inhibitory activities could be screened and targeted separated from crude extracts by this strategy, which indicated that the proposed method was feasible, robust and effective for rapid separation of COX-2 inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China
| | - Sirong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 8100001, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, China.
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16
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Toul F, Moussouni S, Ghembaza N, Zitouni A, Djendar A, Atik-Bekkara F, Kokkalou E. Identification of phenolic compounds in the buds of Algerian Pistacia atlantica desf. Subsp. atlantica by antioxidant activity guided fractionation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:219-224. [PMID: 34480843 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A bio-guided selection and identification of the most active compounds obtained from Algerian Pistacia atlantica desf. Subsp. atlantica. METHODS An antioxidant activity guided fractionation was performed on buds' extract using extensive chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant potentials of isolated compounds and other unpurified fractions were evaluated against DPPH radicals using TLC plates and test tubes. RESULTS The results showed that all isolated compounds and fractions exhibited eminent DPPH scavenging potential. Two coumarins (7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxycoumarin) and two flavonoids (3',5,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside) were isolated for the first times from the titled subspecies. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that the species of P. atlantica is far from being exhausted of active compounds, especially polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Toul
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Nature and Life sciences, Earth and Universe sciences, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sonia Moussouni
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nacera Ghembaza
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Nature and Life sciences, Earth and Universe sciences, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Amel Zitouni
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Nature and Life sciences, Earth and Universe sciences, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Amina Djendar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life sciences, Earth and Universe sciences, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fawzia Atik-Bekkara
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Nature and Life sciences, Earth and Universe sciences, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Eugenius Kokkalou
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Chaingam J, Juengwatanatrakul T, Yusakul G, Kanchanapoom T, Putalun W. HPLC-UV-Based Simultaneous Determination of Canthin-6-One Alkaloids, Quassinoids, and Scopoletin: The Active Ingredients in Eurycoma Longifolia Jack and Eurycoma Harmandiana Pierre, and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:802-810. [PMID: 33064798 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quassinoids and canthin-6-one alkaloids are bioactive markers of Eurycoma longifolia (EL) and E. harmandiana (EH) and have been commercially utilized to treat inflammation and male infertility. OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal the contents of bioactive compounds and compare anti-inflammatory activities of these two species. METHODS HPLC methods coupled with UV-Vis detection were developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of the chemical profiles and their contents in EL and EH. The anti-inflammatory activities of both species were investigated using RAW 264.7 cell line. RESULTS The HPLC methods provided a sensitivity (LOD) of 0.02-0.05 µg/mL for the eight bioactive compounds (canthin-6-one alkaloids, quassinoids, and scopoletin) with high precision (% relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤6.48) and recoveries between 80.0 and 120%. The chaparrinone: eurycomanone ratio was high in EH, whereas EL had a higher ratio of eurycomanone: chaparrinone than EH. The contents of total canthin-6-one alkaloids, quassinoids, and scopoletin were 0.01-0.75, 0.19-1.54, and 0.01-0.28 mg/g, respectively, in EL roots and 0.12-1.80, 7.05-9.26, and 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in EH roots. The anti-inflammatory effects of EL and EH extracts varied among the samples due to the variation in their chemical constituents. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study indicated that chaparrinone was the major compound in EH. EH exhibited anti-inflammatory activity to the same extent as EL. HIGHLIGHTS EH and EL extracts were analyzed using developed HPLC-UV methods, revealing a high concentration of chaparrinone in EH, and an anti-inflammatory assay indicated that EH had a potency comparable to that of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Chaingam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, 222 Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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18
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Sakthivel KM, Vishnupriya S, Priya Dharshini LC, Rasmi RR, Ramesh B. Modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways as targets for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis action of Scopoletin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:147-161. [PMID: 33847360 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) is a naturally occurring coumarin belonging to the category of secondary metabolites. Coumarins are commonly found in several herbs and play a prominent role in the defense mechanism of plants. Beneficial effects of scopoletin including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity induced via numerous intracellular signalling mechanisms have been widely studied. However, anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis properties of scopoletin are not well documented in the literature. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review was to highlight the plethora of research pertaining to the signalling mechanisms associated with the prevention of the progression of disease condition by scopoletin. KEY FINDINGS Multiple signalling pathways like nuclear erythroid factor-2 (NEF2)-related factor-2 (NRF-2), apoptosis/p53 signalling, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, autophagy signalling, hypoxia signalling, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signalling, Wnt-β signalling, Notch signalling are coupled with the anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis potential of scopoletin. SUMMARY Understanding crucial targets in these molecular signalling pathways may support the role of scopoletin as a promising naturally derived bioactive compound for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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20
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Parrella E, Gussago C, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010085. [PMID: 33383852 PMCID: PMC7823436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported.
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21
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Silva JM, Nobre MSC, Albino SL, Lócio LL, Nascimento APS, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oshiro-Junior JA, Lima MCA, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Moura RO. Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant Activities for the Putative Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): "Experimental Evidences". OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5642029. [PMID: 33299526 PMCID: PMC7707995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5642029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of the upper and lower motor neurons at the spinal or bulbar level. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain are factors that contribute to neurodegeneration and perform a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Natural antioxidant molecules have been proposed as an alternative form of treatment for the prevention of age-related neurological diseases, in which ALS is included. Researches support that regulations in cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) processes are being increasingly implicated in this disease, and antioxidant drugs are aimed at a promising pathway to treatment. Among the strategies used for obtaining new drugs, we can highlight the isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from natural sources that, along with semisynthetic derivatives, correspond to approximately 40% of the drugs found on the market. Among these compounds, we emphasize oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, in addition to the fatty acids, that already stand out in the literature for their antioxidant properties, consisting in a part of the diets of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, this review is aimed at presenting and summarizing the main articles published within the last years, which represent the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds of natural origin for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamire M. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S. C. Nobre
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Sonaly L. Albino
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas L. Lócio
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Agnis P. S. Nascimento
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - João A. Oshiro-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Maria C. A. Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. B. Mendonça-Junior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraiba, 58071-160 João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
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22
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Sokoudjou JB, Atolani O, Njateng GSS, Khan A, Tagousop CN, Bitombo AN, Kodjio N, Gatsing D. Isolation, characterization and in vitro anti-salmonellal activity of compounds from stem bark extract of Canarium schweinfurthii. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:316. [PMID: 33076876 PMCID: PMC7574196 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus are major concern for health, as they are widely reported in many cases of food poisoning. The use of antibiotics remains a main stream control strategy for avian salmonellosis as well as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in humans. Due to the growing awareness about drug resistance and toxicities, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged in many countries whilst advocating potent benign alternatives such as phyto-based medicine. The objective of this work was to isolate, characterise the bioactive compounds of Canarium schweinfurthii; and evaluate their anti-salmonellal activity. Methods The hydro-ethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii was fractionated and tested for their anti-salmonellal activity. The most active fractions (i.e. chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions) were then explored for their phytochemical constituents. Fractionation on normal phase silica gel column chromatography and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 led to the isolation of four compounds (maniladiol, scopoletin, ethyl gallate and gallic acid) reported for the first time in Canarium schweinfurthii. Results Result indicated that scopoletin and gallic acid had greater activity than the crude extracts and partition fractions. Among the isolated compounds, scopoletin showed the highest inhibitory activity with a MIC of 16 μg/ml against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Conclusions The overall results of this study indicates that the hydro-ethanolic extract as well as some of isolated compounds have interesting anti-salmonellal activities that could be further explored for the development of potent therapy for salmonellosis. Furthermore, the study adds credence to the folkloric applications of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.,Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Afsar Khan
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cyrille Ngoufack Tagousop
- Department of Basic Scientific Studies, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P.O.Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - André Nehemie Bitombo
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Kodjio
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Gatsing
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Ram H, Jaipal N, Kumar P, Deka P, Kumar S, Kashyap P, Kumar S, Singh BP, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Tabassum B, Abd Allah EF. Dual Inhibition of DPP-4 and Cholinesterase Enzymes by the Phytoconstituents of the Ethanolic Extract of Prosopis cineraria Pods: Therapeutic Implications for the Treatment of Diabetes-associated Neurological Impairments. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1230-1244. [PMID: 31797759 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191203161509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance causes decreased uptake of glucose which promotes the susceptibility of type 2 associated neurological impairments. METHODS The study was aimed to evaluate the inhibition potential of the ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria (EPC) pods against DPP-4 and cholinesterase enzymes by in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments. The present study consists of in vivo studies on a diabetes-induced rat model by HOMA (Homeostasis model assessment) and related parameters, in vitro studies through the DPP-4 enzyme assay and cholinesterase assays using Ellman's reaction. The in-silico studies were conducted by the molecular docking of Cinerin C with targeted enzymes. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was demonstrated through LCMS studies. The antioxidant studies on the extract were performed by FRAP and TEAC assays. RESULTS The extract showed 64.8% maximum inhibition of DPP-4, 34.91% inhibition of AChE and 74.35% inhibition of BuChE. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was observed to be 847.81±16.25μM Fe2+ equivalent in the FRAP assay and 0.40 ± 0.08 mmol/l of Trolox equivalent in the TEAC assay. The in vivo study showed competent glycaemic control against significant HOMA IR (1.5), HOMA % β (26.5) and HOMA % S (68.8) as well as pancreatic cell mass proliferation. The insilico analysis also revealed positive interactions of Cinerin C with targeted enzymes (DPP4 and cholinesterase). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the phytoconstituents of Prosopis cineraria pod extract can be significantly considered in neuropharmacology to resolve insulin resistance-induced neurological complications as it showed inhibition against DPP-4, AChE and BuChE target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)-342001, India
| | - Noopur Jaipal
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)-342001, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)-342001, India
| | - Purbajyoti Deka
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, 244901, U.P, India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Weimer P, Spies LM, Haubert R, de Lima JAS, Maluf RW, Rossi RC, Suyenaga ES. Anti-inflammatory activity of Brunfelsia uniflora root extract: phytochemical characterization and pharmacologic potential of this under-investigated species. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6122-6128. [PMID: 32998575 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1827403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don roots have been widely used in folk medicine for treating inflammatory conditions. However, few studies have elucidated compounds that justify their traditional use. This study was conducted to characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of extracts obtained from B. uniflora roots by comparing an herbal remedy (HR) with the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE). In the phytochemical analysis, scopoletin was identified as the marker compound. In quantitative analyses, CHE showed better results than HR. Furthermore, CHE had an effective anti-inflammatory activity. Animals treated with CHE (200 mg/kg) showed an 89.1% and a 73.8% reduction in edema volume after 1 hour of edema induction compared with those treated with negative control and positive control (indomethacin), respectively. These results show that B. uniflora root extracts have promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, thus corroborating their application in ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Weimer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ronete Haubert
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Edna Sayuri Suyenaga
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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25
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Semi-Synthesis, Antibacterial, Anticholinesterase Activities, and Drug Likeness Properties of New Analogues of Coumarins Isolated from Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire. CHEMISTRY AFRICA-A JOURNAL OF THE TUNISIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Teil M, Arotcarena ML, Faggiani E, Laferriere F, Bezard E, Dehay B. Targeting α-synuclein for PD Therapeutics: A Pursuit on All Fronts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030391. [PMID: 32138193 PMCID: PMC7175302 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized both by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy Bodies. These Lewy Bodies contain the aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, which has been shown to be able to propagate from cell to cell and throughout different regions in the brain. Due to its central role in the pathology and the lack of a curative treatment for PD, an increasing number of studies have aimed at targeting this protein for therapeutics. Here, we reviewed and discussed the many different approaches that have been studied to inhibit α-syn accumulation via direct and indirect targeting. These analyses have led to the generation of multiple clinical trials that are either completed or currently active. These clinical trials and the current preclinical studies must still face obstacles ahead, but give hope of finding a therapy for PD with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Teil
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Laure Arotcarena
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Faggiani
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Laferriere
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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Mogana R, Adhikari A, Tzar MN, Ramliza R, Wiart C. Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against bacterial clinical isolates. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32059725 PMCID: PMC7076860 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canarium patentinervium leaves are used by the local indigenous people of Malaysia for wound healing. The current study is undertaken to screen the comprehensive antibacterial activity of the leaves and barks extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from this plant. Bioassay guided fractionation was also undertaken to deeply evaluate the antibacterial activity of the water fraction of the leaves extract. This is to provide preliminary scientific evidence to the ethnopharmacology usage of this plant by investigating antibacterial properties of the plant and its isolated constituents. Methods Bio-assay guided fractionation and subsequent isolation of compounds using open column chromatography. The antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative ATCC strain and resistant clinical strains were evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds from the water fraction of the ethanol extract of leaves was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Results The ethanol extract of the leaves and barks showed antimicrobial activity against all four ATCC and eight clinical isolates. The ethanol extract of the leaves and the corresponding water fraction had good activity against MRSA S. aureus. (MIC: 250 μg/ml) and had bactericidal effect on eight of the clinical strains (MSSA,MRSA, oxacillin-resistant CONS, oxacillin-sensitive CONS, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiela species, Kleb pneumoniae ESBL and Candida parapsilosis). Further phytochemical investigation of the water fraction of the crude ethanol extract of leaves afforded compound 7 (hyperin) and compound 8 (cynaroside) that had bactericidal activity against tested bacterial species (MIC 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml). The two compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time. Conclusions These results may provide a rational support for the traditional use of Canarium patentinervium Miq. in infections and wound healing, since the antimicrobial compounds isolated were also present in the leaves extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mogana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jln Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - A Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M N Tzar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Hospital National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Ramliza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Hospital National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Parrella E, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050437. [PMID: 31083342 PMCID: PMC6562540 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Benarese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Buathong R, Chamchumroon V, Schinnerl J, Bacher M, Santimaleeworagun W, Kraichak E, Vajrodaya S. Chemovariation and antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated compounds from species of Ixora and Greenea (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6893. [PMID: 31119085 PMCID: PMC6510216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of secondary metabolites can be obtained from plants used for traditional medicine in two related genera (Ixora and Greenea) in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae), but there are only a few detailed studies on their bioactivities. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to determine the antibacterial activities of lipophilic extracts from plants of some Ixora and Greenea species native to Thailand, and to isolate some pure compounds from those extracts. Moreover, we compared the occurrence of compounds in different plant parts of samples from different habitats to better understand their variation. Methods A total of 56 lipophilic extracts were obtained from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of eight Ixora and two Greenea species collected at various locations in Thailand. Isolated compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against four Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterial strains. Results Extracts from I. javanica, I. nigricans, I. brunonis, and G. montana, along with isolated scopoletin, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The occurrence of scopoletin, isofraxidin, and geniposidic acid in lipophilic extracts showed some variation among different plant parts and species. Conclusions Lipophilic extracts of Ixora and Greenea species have the potential to be developed as anti-Gram-positive agents, in particular to counter infections of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The chemical profiles showed differences between floristic regions but similarity within the same plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveevatoo Buathong
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voradol Chamchumroon
- The Forest Herbarium, National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Chemodiversity Research Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand.,Novel Antibiotic Compound Project by Pharmaceutical Initiative for Resistant Bacteria and Infectious Diseases Working Group (PIRBIG), Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand
| | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srunya Vajrodaya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Morinda citrifolia and Its Active Principle Scopoletin Mitigate Protein Aggregation and Neuronal Apoptosis through Augmenting the DJ-1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2761041. [PMID: 31191797 PMCID: PMC6525839 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2761041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the role of oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis and off-target side effects of currently available drugs, several natural phytochemicals seem to be promising in the management of PD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that scopoletin, an active principle obtained from Morinda citrifolia (MC), efficiently quenches oxidative stress through DJ-1/Nrf2 signaling and ameliorates rotenone-induced PD. Despite reducing oxidative stress, the administration of MC extract (MCE) has lessened protein aggregation as evident from decreased levels of nitrotyrosine and α-synuclein. In vitro studies revealed that scopoletin lessened rotenone-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells through preventing oxidative injury. Particularly, scopoletin markedly upregulated DJ-1, which then promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and transactivation of antioxidant genes. Furthermore, we found that scopoletin prevents the nuclear exportation of Nrf2 by reducing the levels of Keap1 and thereby enhancing the neuronal defense system. Overall, our findings suggest that scopoletin acts through DJ-1-mediated Nrf2 signaling to protect the brain from rotenone-induced oxidative stress and PD. Thus, we postulate that scopoletin could be a potential drug to treat PD.
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Kalpana K, Priyadarshini E, Sreeja S, Jagan K, Anuradha CV. Scopoletin intervention in pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by lipotoxicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:857-869. [PMID: 29574508 PMCID: PMC6111101 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a dynamic organelle, plays an essential role in organizing the signaling pathways involved in cellular adaptation, resilience, and survival. Impairment in the functions of ER occurs in a variety of nutritive disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we hypothesize that (scopoletin) SPL, a coumarin, has the potential to alleviate ER stress induced in vitro and in vivo models by lipotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, the ability of SPL to restore the levels of proteins of ER stress was analyzed. Rat insulinoma 5f (RIN5f) cells and Sprague Dawley rats were the models used for this study. Groups of control and high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed rats were treated with either SPL or 4-phenylbutyric acid. Status of ER stress was enumerated by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies. Proximal proteins of ER stress inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were reduced in the β-cells by SPL. The subsequent signaling proteins X-box binding protein 1, eukaryotic initiation factor2α, activating transcription factor 4, and C/EBP homologous protein were also suppressed in their expression levels when treated with SPL. IRE1, PERK signaling leads to c-Jun-N-terminal kinases phosphorylation, a kinase that interrupts insulin signaling, which was also reverted upon scopoletin treatment. Finally, we confirm that SPL has the ability to suppress the stress proteins and limit pancreatic ER stress which might help in delaying the progression of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivanan Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Emayavaramban Priyadarshini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - S Sreeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Kalivarathan Jagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Carani Venkatraman Anuradha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India.
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Abu Bakar FI, Abu Bakar MF, Abdullah N, Endrini S, Rahmat A. A Review of Malaysian Medicinal Plants with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:8603602. [PMID: 30123256 PMCID: PMC6079619 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8603602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide detailed information on Malaysian plants used for treating inflammation. An extensive search on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and conference papers was done to find relevant articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants. The keyword search terms used were "inflammation," "Malaysia," "medicinal plants," "mechanisms," "in vitro," and "in vivo." As a result, 96 articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants were found and further reviewed. Forty-six (46) plants (in vitro) and 30 plants (in vivo) have been identified to possess anti-inflammatory activity where two plants, Melicope ptelefolia (Tenggek burung) and Portulaca oleracea (Gelang pasir), were reported to have the strongest anti-inflammatory activity of more than 90% at a concentration of 250 µg/ml. It was showed that the activity was mainly due to the occurrence of diverse naturally occurring phytochemicals from diverse groups such as flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, benzophenone, triterpenoids, curcuminoids, and cinnamic acid. Hence, this current review is a detailed discussion on the potential of Malaysian medicinal plants as an anti-inflammatory agent from the previous studies. However, further investigation on the possible underlying mechanisms and isolation of active compounds still remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdullah
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Susi Endrini
- Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, 10510 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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Abd Hamid H, Mutazah R, Yusoff MM, Abd Karim NA, Abdull Razis AF. Comparative analysis of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extracts prepared with various solvents. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:451-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Özeka G, Ishmuratova M, Yur S, Göger F, Haliloglua Y, Başer KHC, Özek T. Investigation of Galatella villosa and G. tatarica for Antioxidant, α-Amylase, Tyrosinase, Lipoxygenase and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work two Galatella species, Galatella villosa Rchb.f. and Galatella tatarica (Less.) Novopokr collected from Kazakhstan were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils (EOs), and to maceration in methanol to yield extracts (MEs). The EOs and MEs were evaluated for antioxidant and in vitro inhibitory activities against α-amylase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The EOs of G. villosa and G. tatarica were investigated for chemical composition using GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. The composition of MEs was investigated with LC-MS/MS technique. Monoterpenes, β-pinene (23.6 %) and α-pinene (14.4 %) were the main constituents of G. tatarica essential oil, while the oil of G. villosa was characterized not only with monoterpene α-pinene (9.0 %), but also fatty acid, hexadecanoic acid (10.2%). 3-, 5-, 1,5- and 3,4-caffeoylquinic acids, 3-, 4- and 5-feruloylquinic acids, quercetin and its different glycosides were detected in MEs according to mass spectral data. G. tatarica (IC50=74.3 μg/mL) and G. villosa (IC50=78.5 μg/mL) extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the extracts demonstrated noteworthy activity (%Inh 44.46 and 41.14). The extracts scavenged ABTS radical as 1.85 mM and 1.27 mM of Trolox. In a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, the oils showed 89% and 85% inhibition of α-amylase, while the extracts showed 86% and 78% inhibition at 2 mg/mL concentration, respectively. The EOs demonstrated noteworthy potent LOX enzyme inhibition ranging between 45% and 57%. In xanthine-xanthine oxidase model system, the extracts demonstrated the highest inhibitory potency ranging between 43% and 39%. The present work is the first contribution to the chemistry and biological activities of G. tatarica and G. villosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülmira Özeka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Süleyman Yur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
- Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Göger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
- Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Haliloglua
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - K Hüsnü Can Başer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkosa (Nicosia) N Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Temel Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
- Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
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Connell BJ, Saleh MC, Rajagopal D, Saleh TM. UPEI-400, a conjugate of lipoic acid and scopoletin, mediates neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 100:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pereira dos Santos Nascimento MV, Arruda-Silva F, Gobbo Luz AB, Baratto B, Venzke D, Mendes BG, Fröde TS, Geraldo Pizzolatti M, Dalmarco EM. Inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways by scopoletin reduce the inflammation caused by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:344-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1203929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Martínez MD, Luna L, Tesio AY, Feresin GE, Durán FJ, Burton G. Antioxidant properties in a non-polar environment of difluoromethyl bioisosteres of methyl hydroxycinnamates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:233-44. [PMID: 26773438 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many natural antioxidants have poor pharmacokinetic properties that impair their therapeutic use. For hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and other phenolic antioxidants, their major drawback is their low lipophilicity and a rapid metabolism. The difluoromethyl group may be considered as a 'lipophilic hydroxyl' due to its hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties; this prompted us to assess it as a bioisosteric replacement of a phenolic hydroxyl for increasing the lipophilicity of HCAs. METHODS Six difluoromethyl-substituted methyl cinnamates (4a-c, 5a-c) related to caffeic acid were synthesized and their antioxidant activity evaluated by chemical (FRAP, DPPH scavenging, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, at 1-200 μm), electrochemical (differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry) and cell-based (inhibition of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, at 1 and 50 μm) assays. KEY FNDINGS Analogues 4a-c and 5a-c were inactive in FRAP and DPPH assays and only those containing a free phenolic hydroxyl (4a and 5a) exhibited electrochemical activity although with high redox potentials. Compounds 4a,b and 5a,b were active in the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assay and all analogues inhibited lipid peroxidation in the human erythrocytes assay. CONCLUSIONS Lipophilic difluoromethyl-substituted cinnamic esters retain radical scavenging capabilities that prove useful to confer antioxidant properties in a non-polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Y Tesio
- INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Durán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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In Silico Discovery of Novel Potent Antioxidants on the Basis of Pulvinic Acid and Coumarine Derivatives and Their Experimental Evaluation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140602. [PMID: 26474393 PMCID: PMC4608598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A pigment from the edible mushroom Xerocomus badius norbadione A, which is a natural derivative of pulvinic acid, was found to possess antioxidant properties. Since the pulvinic acid represents a novel antioxidant scaffold, several other derivatives were recently synthetized and evaluated experimentally, along with some structurally related coumarine derivatives. The obtained data formed the basis for the construction of several quantitative structure-activity and pharmacophore models, which were employed in the virtual screening experiments of compound libraries and for the prediction of their antioxidant activity, with the goal of discovering novel compounds possessing antioxidant properties. A final prioritization list of 21 novel compounds alongside 8 established antioxidant compounds was created for their experimental evaluation, consisting of the DPPH assay, 2-deoxyribose assay, β-carotene bleaching assay and the cellular antioxidant activity assay. Ten novel compounds from the tetronic acid and barbituric acid chemical classes displayed promising antioxidant activity in at least one of the used assays, that is comparable to or even better than some standard antioxidants. Compounds 5, 7 and 9 displayed good activity in all the assays, and were furthermore effective preventers of oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which are promising features for the potential therapeutic use of such compounds.
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Middha SK, Goyal AK, Lokesh P, Yardi V, Mojamdar L, Keni DS, Babu D, Usha T. Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S427-33. [PMID: 26929577 PMCID: PMC4745213 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Indian gooseberry or "Amla" in India, is used in Ayurveda as "rejuvenating herb" since ancient times. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to estimate toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities of the methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidative property of MEO was assessed by in vitro assays such as phosphomolybdenum assay (total antioxidant capacity), free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (DPPH and ABTS method) and lipid peroxidation assay (LPO). The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by measuring rat paw volume at different time intervals and toxicological analysis using mice. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION High performance liquid chromatography studies revealed the presence of gallic acid (2.10%), mucic acid (4.90%), ellagic acid (2.10%), quercetin (28.00%), rutin (3.89%), and β-glucogallin (1.46%). MEO showed highest antioxidant activities by using DPPH (17.33-89.00%), ABTS (23.03-94.16%), nitric oxide scavenging activity (12.94-70.16%), LPO (56.54%), and phosphomolybdenum assay (142 ± 6.09 μg/ml). The LD50 was found to be approximately 1125 mg/kg (p.o). High dose of MEO showed significant reduction (72.71%) in the inflammation after 4 h of treatment, which was comparable to diclofenac (10 mg/kg) (61.57%) treated group. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) markers were also observed (57.25% and 35.41%, respectively) in serum of MEO treated animals as compared to control. CONCLUSION Taken together, phenolic compounds of MEO may serve as a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation due to their modulatory action on free radicals. SUMMARY The methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) has potent antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH, ABTS and LPO assaysMEO has potent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema modelThe phenolic compounds of MEO might be a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation. Abbreviations used: ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species, LPO, lipid peroxidation, NO, nitric oxide, IL, interleukin; TNF α tumor necrosis factor alpha; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs; AA, ascorbic acid; MEO, methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit; ABTS+; 2,2' azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonic acid; DPPH, 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MDA, malondialdehyde; DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bamboo Technology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTAD, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Lokesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CPGS, Jain College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha Yardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lavanya Mojamdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepthi Sudhir Keni
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of Clausena excavata Leaves Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:975450. [PMID: 25610488 PMCID: PMC4290147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/975450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Clausena excavata (Lour.), locally known as “Kemantu hitam,” is a common plant in Malaysian folklore medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of C. excavata leaves and determined the acute toxicity of methanolic extract C. excavata (MECE) leaves in Sprague-Dawley rats. Harvested leaves were dried and subjected to solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol in succession. The antioxidant activity of each extract was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl dihydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and ethanolic aluminium chloride method, respectively. The chloroform extract was found to be highest in flavonoid content, while the methanolic extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. There was no mortality in rats treated with MECE leaves even at a high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. However, the MECE leaves produced mild to moderate pathological changes in the liver and kidneys, shown by mild degenerative changes and leucocyte infiltration. The extract did not affect the haematological parameters or relative weights of the liver or kidneys. Overall, the MECE leaves have potent antioxidant activity and are presumed safe to be used orally as health-promoting product at low to moderate doses.
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Usha T, Middha SK, Bhattacharya M, Lokesh P, Goyal AK. Rosmarinic Acid, a New Polyphenol from Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Leaf: A Probable Compound for Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:830-42. [PMID: 26785243 PMCID: PMC4665505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several pharmacological applications of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., studies on the influence of its polyphenol content on pharmacological activity such as anti-inflammatory properties have been scarce. Here we evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity, poyphenolics by HPLC and the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Baccaurea ramiflora (BME) and its protective effects in carrageenan-induced paw edema model of inflammation in rats. The BME extract contained 79.06 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g total polyphenols, 28.80 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g flavonoid and 29.42 ± 0.01 μg cathechin equivalent/g proanthocyanidin respectively and rosmarinic acid (8 mg/kg) as a main component was identified by HPLC. Results demonstrate that administration of BME at the dose of 200 mg/kg can reduce paw edema by over 63%, and it exhibits a dose-response effect. Depending on concentration, the extract exerted scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 36.4 μg/mL), significantly inhibited IL-1β (4.4 pg/mg protein) and TNF-α (0.21 ng/μg protein). Therefore, we conclude BME causes a substantial reduction of inflammation in in vivo models. We propose that rosmarinic acid and similar phenolic compounds may be useful in the therapy of inflammation-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | | | - Prakash Lokesh
- Padmashree Institute of Management and Science, Bangalore-560060, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Bamboo Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, India.
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Lee HI, Yun KW, Seo KI, Kim MJ, Lee MK. Scopoletin prevents alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating the AMPK-SREBP pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Metabolism 2014; 63:593-601. [PMID: 24559844 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of scopoletin on alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese mice and its mechanism. MATERIAL/METHODS Alcohol (25% v/v, 5g/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 weeks to mice fed with a high-fat diet (35%kcal) with or without scopoletin (0.05%, wt/wt). RESULTS Scopoletin reduced plasma acetaldehyde, fatty acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels, hepatic lipid and droplets and fasting blood glucose levels that were increased by alcohol. Scopoletin significantly activated hepatic AMPK and inhibited ACC and SREBP-1c and the activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as FAS, PAP and G6PD compared to the alcohol control group. Moreover, scopoletin significantly inhibited hepatic CYP2E1 activity and protein levels but elevated the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GST and the levels of GSH compared to the alcohol control group. The hepatic lipid peroxide level was significantly lowered by scopoletin supplementation in alcohol-administered obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that scopoletin can ameliorate alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating AMPK-SREBP pathway-mediated lipogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Yun
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Kown-Il Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Hotel Cuisine, Suseong College, Daegu, 706-711, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, South Korea.
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