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Alshaikhi SA, Alamri AM, Alzilai IY, Alghanimi AA, Alrufaidi AM, Alrufaidi AM, Bader AE, Abdelmoniem AA, Alshaikh AA, Alshaikhi OA, Alshaikhi MA, Ghazy RM. Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence through a community-based screening initiative in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO946. [PMID: 38817391 PMCID: PMC11137795 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to identify prediabetic and diabetic patients using fasting blood sugar in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Patients & methods: Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants aged 18 years and older. We measured anthropometric measures like waist circumference and body mass index. Results: A total of 332 participants were included in this study, 52.4% were female, 45.2% aged >50 years, 89.8% were Saudi, and 19.0% had been diagnosed with hypertension. Nearly a third (36.1%) of the participants were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 28.3% had impaired fasting glucose. Age and hypertension were significant predictors of diabetes. Conclusion: Early detection and intervention are crucial to reducing the diabetes epidemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayoub Ali Alshaikh
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
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Al Ashmar S, Anlar GG, Krzyslak H, Djouhri L, Kamareddine L, Pedersen S, Zeidan A. Proteomic Analysis of Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Patients: Exploring the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4896. [PMID: 38732116 PMCID: PMC11084483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a pervasive and widespread health condition that poses a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions such as heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. Despite its widespread occurrence, the exact cause of hypertension remains unknown, and the mechanisms underlying the progression from prehypertension to hypertension require further investigation. Recent proteomic studies have shown promising results in uncovering potential biomarkers related to disease development. In this study, serum proteomic data collected from Qatar Biobank were analyzed to identify altered protein expression between individuals with normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and hypertension and to elucidate the biological pathways contributing to this disease. The results revealed a cluster of proteins, including the SRC family, CAMK2B, CAMK2D, TEC, GSK3, VAV, and RAC, which were markedly upregulated in patients with hypertension compared to those with prehypertension (fold change ≥ 1.6 or ≤-1.6, area under the curve ≥ 0.8, and q-value < 0.05). Pathway analysis showed that the majority of these proteins play a role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization affects various biological processes that contribute to the maintenance of blood pressure, including vascular tone, endothelial function, cellular signaling, inflammation, fibrosis, and mechanosensing. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest a potential novel role of actin cytoskeleton-related proteins in the progression from prehypertension to hypertension. The present study sheds light on the underlying pathological mechanisms involved in hypertension and could pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al Ashmar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.A.); (G.G.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Gulsen Guliz Anlar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.A.); (G.G.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Hubert Krzyslak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.A.); (G.G.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.A.); (G.G.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.A.); (G.G.A.); (L.D.)
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Zaki SM, El Karsh DS, Yousef S, Jamal T, Alsaddah A. The Association Between Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Abnormal Electrocardiograms in the Saudi Population: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56782. [PMID: 38650800 PMCID: PMC11034621 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
REVIEW Saudi Arabia has a high metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence. Having MetS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD mortality, and myocardial infarction (MI). There is a lack of information regarding MetS and electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in Saudi Arabian populations. Further, it is unclear to what extent MetS components are associated with abnormal ECGs in Saudi populations. AIM We investigated whether ECG abnormalities and MetS are associated with Saudi adults. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between ECG abnormalities and the components of MetS based on the age and gender of the individuals. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on 208 patients with MetS. Participants' clinical and laboratory data were examined. A detailed analysis of the ECG was performed. ECG abnormalities were divided into minor and major abnormalities based on Novacode criteria. In addition to ischemic ECG findings, the ECG showed prolonged PR intervals, prolonged P duration, prolonged QRS duration, and prolonged QTc intervals. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven participants (65.9%) had elevated fasting blood glucose (FBS), 129 had central obesity (62%), 93 had high blood pressure (BP) (44.7%), 74 had elevated triglycerides (35.6%), and 49 had low high-density lipoprotein (23.6%). An abnormal ECG was found in 86 (41.3%) participants. It consisted of ischemic ECGs, atrioventricular (AV) block (first and second degrees), bundle branch block (right bundle branch block [RBBB], left bundle branch block [LBBB], RBBB with left anterior hemiblock, RBBB with right anterior hemiblock), arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions [PVCs], premature atrial complexes [PACs], atrial fibrillation [AF], sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia), prolonged QTc, prolonged PR interval, and prolonged QRS duration. There were 29 (13.9%) cases with multiple ECG abnormalities, 57 (27.4%) had one abnormal ECG, 42 (20.2%) had minor abnormal ECGs, and 44 (21.2%) had major abnormal ECGs. Middle-aged and elderly males accounted for the majority of these ECG changes. In the central obesity group, 22 participants (10.6%) had ischemic ECGs, 18 (8.7%) had prolonged QTc, 10 (4.8%) had first-degree AV block, 6 (2.9%) had sinus bradycardia, 7 (3.4%) had RBBB, 4 (1.9%) had LBBB, 3 (1.4%) had PVCs, 2 (1%) had ventricular preexcitation, and one (0.5%) had PACs. An elevated FBS group included 19 participants (9.1%) with an ischemic ECG, 18 (8.7%) with a prolonged QTc, 11 (5.3%) with a first-degree AV block, 9 (4.3%) with sinus bradycardia, 6 (2.9%) with slight ST-T abnormality, 5 (2.4%) with RBBB, and 5 (2.4%) with LBBB. Finally, one (0.5%) of these patients had second-degree AV block, RBBB with left anterior hemiblock, left anterior hemiblock, PVCs, AF, ventricular preexcitation, and sinus arrhythmia for each. CONCLUSION Saudi Arabian populations with MetS were strongly associated with abnormal ECG findings, particularly ischemic ECG findings, AV block (first and second degrees), and BBB (RBBB, LBBB). Middle-aged and elderly males accounted for the majority of these ECG changes. The most important factors contributing to ECG changes were elevated FBS and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Zaki
- Anatomy, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Shahad Yousef
- Anatomy, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Taif Jamal
- Anatomy, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alaa Alsaddah
- Anatomy, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Al Ashmar S, Anwardeen NR, Anlar GG, Pedersen S, Elrayess MA, Zeidan A. Metabolomic profiling reveals key metabolites associated with hypertension progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1284114. [PMID: 38390445 PMCID: PMC10881871 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1284114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pre-hypertension is a prevalent condition among the adult population worldwide. It is characterized by asymptomatic elevations in blood pressure beyond normal levels but not yet reaching the threshold for hypertension. If left uncontrolled, pre-hypertension can progress to hypertension, thereby increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and others. Objective The precise mechanisms driving the progression of hypertension remain unknown. Thus, identifying the metabolic changes associated with this condition can provide valuable insights into potential markers or pathways implicated in the development of hypertension. Methods In this study, we utilized untargeted metabolomics profiling, which examines over 1,000 metabolites to identify novel metabolites contributing to the progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. Data were collected from 323 participants through Qatar Biobank. Results By comparing metabolic profiles between pre-hypertensive, hypertensive and normotensive individuals, six metabolites including stearidonate, hexadecadienoate, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, 9 and 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio- 4-pentenoate (DMTPA), and linolenate were found to be associated with increased risk of hypertension, in both discovery and validation cohorts. Moreover, these metabolites showed a significant diagnostic performance with area under curve >0.7. Conclusion These findings suggest possible biomarkers that can predict the risk of progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. This will aid in early detection, diagnosis, and management of this disease as well as its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al Ashmar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gulsen Guliz Anlar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Aljehani R, Aljehani G, Alharazi H, Ghisi GLDM. Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Arabic short version of the coronary artery disease education questionnaire (CADE-Q SV) in Saudi Arabia. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 3:100205. [PMID: 37700765 PMCID: PMC10494255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the Arabic Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire Short Version (CADE-Q SV). Methods The CADE-Q SV was translated to Arabic by two independent translators, followed by back-translation. Then, an expert panel of 10 healthcare providers and 10 patients reviewed the survey and provided input for content validity (CV) and clarity of items. For the psychometric analysis, 202 cardiac patients from Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire, of which factor structure, internal consistency, construct, and criterion validity were assessed. Results Items were translated, and CV was confirmed. Items were rated based on relevance and understandability. The scale was finalized after changes in 5 items. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed 5 factors, all internally consistent: medical condition, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial health. Overall alpha was 0.84. Construct validity was established by significant associations between scores and occupation, educational level, family income, having a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome or valve disorders and with a history of valve repair or replacement a coronary artery bypass graft procedure. Scores were significantly higher for those that participated in cardiac rehabilitation, confirming criterion validity. Conclusions Results from this study confirm the validity and reliability of the CADE-Q SV in Arabic-speaking patients. Innovation The CADE-Q SV can be used as a knowledge measurement to support clinical work and development of education intervention for Arabic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghdah Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alharazi
- Cardiology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Canada
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Adam T, Al Sharif AI, Alamri TSM, Al-Nashri RAO, Alluwimi AIM, Samkri AY, Alharthi MA, Moafa AY, Alsaadi NA, Alraimi AMS, Alquzi RHM. The State of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Policy Implications. Cureus 2023; 15:e48279. [PMID: 38058323 PMCID: PMC10695855 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a critical public health issue in Saudi Arabia, where it is the leading cause of death. The economic burden of CVD in the country is expected to triple by 2035, reaching $9.8 billion. This paper provides an overview of CVD in Saudi Arabia and its risk factors, impact on healthcare, and effects on patients' quality of life. The review emphasizes the potential of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in addressing the CVD epidemic. CR programs have been shown to reduce morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmissions while improving patients' cardiovascular health and overall well-being. However, these programs are underutilized and inaccessible in Saudi Arabia. The paper highlights the urgent need for CR programs in the country and suggests key strategies for implementation. These include increasing patient referrals, tailoring programs to individual needs, enhancing patient education, and making CR accessible through home-based options. Fostering multidisciplinary collaboration and developing tailored guidelines for Arab countries can further enhance the impact of CR programs. In conclusion, this review underscores the vital importance of comprehensive CR programs in Saudi Arabia to combat the rising CVD burden, improve patient quality of life, and align with the goals of the Saudi 2030 Vision for a healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Adam
- Medical Affairs, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah I Al Sharif
- Healthcare Planning and Development, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Rawan Ahmad O Al-Nashri
- General Practice, Primary Healthcare Center, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer, SAU
| | | | - Amani Yosef Samkri
- General Practice, Al Aziziah Primary Health Care Center, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU
| | | | | | - Nawaf A Alsaadi
- Medical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Shim I, Kuwahara H, Chen N, Hashem MO, AlAbdi L, Abouelhoda M, Won HH, Natarajan P, Ellinor PT, Khera AV, Gao X, Alkuraya FS, Fahed AC. Clinical utility of polygenic scores for cardiometabolic disease in Arabs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6535. [PMID: 37852978 PMCID: PMC10584889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabs account for 5% of the world population and have a high burden of cardiometabolic disease, yet clinical utility of polygenic risk prediction in Arabs remains understudied. Among 5399 Arab patients, we optimize polygenic scores for 10 cardiometabolic traits, achieving a performance that is better than published scores and on par with performance in European-ancestry individuals. Odds ratio per standard deviation (OR per SD) for a type 2 diabetes score was 1.83 (95% CI 1.74-1.92), and each SD of body mass index (BMI) score was associated with 1.18 kg/m2 difference in BMI. Polygenic scores associated with disease independent of conventional risk factors, and also associated with disease severity-OR per SD for coronary artery disease (CAD) was 1.78 (95% CI 1.66-1.90) for three-vessel CAD and 1.41 (95% CI 1.29-1.53) for one-vessel CAD. We propose a pragmatic framework leveraging public data as one way to advance equitable clinical implementation of polygenic scores in non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Shim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwahara
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - NingNing Chen
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais O Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Computation Sciences, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Akl C Fahed
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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AlShehri H, Alqahtani A, Al Mansour A, Alwadei R, Abuanq L, Alkhazaim S, Qashqari A, Al Kulayb S. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors Among the Najran Population in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e46839. [PMID: 37954821 PMCID: PMC10636932 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is of great importance due to the high prevalence of CVDs and elevated treatment expenses among patients and healthcare systems. One of the most effective strategies is the improvement of knowledge and attitude levels toward CVD symptoms and risk factors. Objective This study aimed to explore the level of knowledge and attitude about CVD among the general population in Najran city, Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2022 among the Najran population. A structured questionnaire comprised socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, and knowledge about CVD and risk factors. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical committee. Results The study included 527 participants living in Najran city aged 18 to 60 years old. Most participants were Saudi nationals (97.3%, N = 513), two-thirds had a university degree (68.9%, N = 126), and approximately half of them were females (51.8%). Furthermore, about two-thirds of the participants (60.7%, N = 320) showed a good knowledge level, and most reported an excellent attitude (87.3%, N = 460). Participants who had a university degree showed significantly better attitude levels (p-value = 0.043). No factors revealed a significant impact on the knowledge level. Conclusion Moderate knowledge and excellent attitude levels were seen among the Saudi population. Increasing the knowledge level among the total population is essential. It will be reflected in their attitude and practice. Thus, structured educational programs and utilization of available CVD guidelines should be strengthened as a better preventive strategy to overcome this condition. Also, using mass and social media to increase population awareness and good health responsibility is an effective way to limit the risk of CVD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan AlShehri
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Najran University, Najran, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Leen Abuanq
- Internal Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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Aljehani R, Aljehani G, Alharazi H, Horta PM, Kümmel Duarte C, Ghisi GLDM. The Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS): Translation and validation of the Arabic version. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287497. [PMID: 37616224 PMCID: PMC10449107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The self-administered version of the Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS) has been developed to test the inherent characteristics of this dietary pattern in a quick and simple way, due to the need of this assessment in the clinical and research setting. This study aimed to translate and psychometrically validate the self-administered MDS in Arabic (CRBS-A). METHODS The original (English) version was originally translated to Arabic, followed by back-translation. Next, 10 healthcare providers, followed by 10 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients rated the face and content validity (CV) of materials, providing input to improve cross-cultural applicability. Then, 200 patients from Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire, of which factor structure, internal consistency, criterion and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS Content and face validity was supported based on experts and patients' reviews (ranges: CV scores 0.9-1.0/1.0 and clarity 3.5 to 4.5/5). Minor edits were made. Subsequent factor analysis revealed 4 factors consistent with the original version of the instrument, all internally consistent. Total CRBS-A α was 0.74. Criterion validity was confirmed by the significantly higher scores in patients who participated in CR. Construct validity was also established by significant associations between MDS scores and monthly family income, having the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome or with a history of valve repair or replacement, being obese or having dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results confirm the validity and reliability of the MDS in Arabic-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghdah Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alharazi
- Cardiology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paula M. Horta
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Alabduljabbar K, Alkhalifah M, Aldheshe A, Shihah AB, Abu-Zaid A, DeVol EB, Albedah N, Aldakhil H, Alzayed B, Mahmoud A, Alkhenizan A. Development of a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Model: A Preliminary Retrospective Cohort Study of a Patient Sample in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5115. [PMID: 37568517 PMCID: PMC10419869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Saudi Arabia has an alarmingly high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its associated risk factors. To effectively assess CVD risk, it is essential to develop tailored models for diverse regions and ethnicities using local population variables. No CVD risk prediction model has been locally developed. This study aims to develop the first 10-year CVD risk prediction model for Saudi adults aged 18 to 75 years. The electronic health records of Saudi male and female patients aged 18 to 75 years, who were seen in primary care settings between 2002 and 2019, were reviewed retrospectively via the Integrated Clinical Information System (ICIS) database (from January 2002 to February 2019). The Cox regression model was used to identify the risk factors and develop the CVD risk prediction model. Overall, 451 patients were included in this study, with a mean follow-up of 12.05 years. Thirty-five (7.7%) patients developed a CVD event. The following risk factors were included: fasting blood sugar (FBS) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), heart failure, antihyperlipidemic therapy, antithrombotic therapy, and antihypertension therapy. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) score was 314.4. This is the first prediction model developed in Saudi Arabia and the second in any Arab country after the Omani study. We assume that our CVD predication model will have the potential to be used widely after the validation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alabduljabbar
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammed Alkhalifah
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdulaziz Aldheshe
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdulelah Bin Shihah
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Edward B. DeVol
- Department of Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.D.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Norah Albedah
- Department of Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.D.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Haifa Aldakhil
- Department of Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.D.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Balqees Alzayed
- Department of Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.D.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdullah Alkhenizan
- Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.); (A.M.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
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Al‐Sharshani D, Velayutham D, Samara M, Gazal R, Al Haj Zen A, Ismail MA, Ahmed M, Nasrallah G, Younes S, Rizk N, Hammuda S, Qoronfleh MW, Farrell T, Zayed H, Abdulrouf PV, AlDweik M, Silang JPB, Rahhal A, Al‐Jurf R, Mahfouz A, Salam A, Al Rifai H, Al‐Dewik NI. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia and risk of metabolic disorders in the State of Qatar. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2178. [PMID: 37147786 PMCID: PMC10422074 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is recognized as one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility risks of CVD, NAFLD, and/or T2DM in dyslipidemia patients in comparison with healthy control individuals from the Qatar genome project. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2933 adults (859 dyslipidemia patients and 2074 healthy control individuals) from April to December 2021 to investigate the association between 331 selected SNPs with dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility risks of CVD, NAFLD and/or T2DM, and covariates. RESULTS The genotypic frequencies of six SNPs were found to be significantly different in dyslipidemia patients subjects compared to the control group among males and females. In males, three SNPs were found to be significant, the rs11172113 in over-dominant model, the rs646776 in recessive and over-dominant models, and the rs1111875 in dominant model. On the other hand, two SNPs were found to be significant in females, including rs2954029 in recessive model, and rs1801251 in dominant and recessive models. The rs17514846 SNP was found for dominant and over-dominant models among males and only the dominant model for females. We found that the six SNPs linked to gender type had an influence in relation to disease susceptibility. When controlling for the four covariates (gender, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes), the difference between dyslipidemia and the control group remained significant for the six variants. Finally, males were three times more likely to have dyslipidemia in comparison with females, hypertension was two times more likely to be present in the dyslipidemia group, and diabetes was six times more likely to be in the dyslipidemia group. CONCLUSION The current investigation provides evidence of association for a common SNP to coronary heart disease and suggests a sex-dependent effect and encourage potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Al‐Sharshani
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Dinesh Velayutham
- Liberal Arts and Science (LAS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Muthanna Samara
- Department of PsychologyKingston University LondonKingston upon ThamesLondonUK
| | - Reham Gazal
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | | | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and SciencesQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Salma Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Sara Hammuda
- Department of PsychologyKingston University LondonKingston upon ThamesLondonUK
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy DivisionQ3CG Research Institute (QRI)7227 Rachel DriveYpsilantiMichiganUSA
- 21HealthStreet CompanyLondonUK
| | - Thomas Farrell
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Palli Valapila Abdulrouf
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Manar AlDweik
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - John Paul Ben Silang
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Alaa Rahhal
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Rana Al‐Jurf
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU HealthQatar University (QU)DohaQatar
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Heart Hospital (HH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Amar Salam
- Department of Cardiology, Al Khor Hospital (AKH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Hilal Al Rifai
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborn Screening Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
| | - Nader I. Al‐Dewik
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborn Screening Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston UniversitySt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Translational and Precision Medicine Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
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El-Setouhy M, Safhi AM, Dallak MY, Ayoub AY, Suwaid OAH, Moafa AK, Al-Ahmed AM, Zaino M, Al Sayed A. Prevalence and associated factors of pediatric hypertension in Jazan region, south of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A pilot cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287698. [PMID: 37428728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a primary global health concern. Moreover, according to the 2010 Global Burden of Disease, hypertension accounted for roughly a quarter of cardiovascular disease fatalities and 1.9 percent of all deaths in Saudi Arabia in 2010. Also, hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. However, assessing blood pressure (BP) and preventing hypertension among children and adolescents has become a global priority. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension among children in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Also, to determine the common risk factors associated with pediatric hypertension. We conducted this cross-sectional study among boys and girls aged 6-14 years visiting Al-Rashid Mall, one of the two main malls in Jazan city, the capital of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, between November 2021 and January 2022. We included children willing to participate in the study after obtaining their parents' consent and children's assent. We used a standardized questionnaire to interview the parents to collect the children's data. We also measured the children's resting BP. Then we classified the measurements according to the updated International Pediatric Hypertension Association (IPHA) chart. We also measured the height and weight of the children and calculated their BMI. We used SPSS version 25 for the data entry and analysis. Our results showed that the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was insignificantly higher in females (11.84% and 12.65%) compared to males (11.52% and 11.52%), respectively. Our participants' main associated factors with prehypertension and hypertension were overweight, obesity, and family income. Pediatric hypertension and prehypertension were highly prevalent in Jazan region. Therefore, being overweight and obese should be considered risk factors for pediatric hypertension. Our study emphasizes the need for early intervention to prevent pediatric HTN, particularly among overweight and obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Abdulrahman M Safhi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musab Y Dallak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y Ayoub
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A H Suwaid
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Moafa
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan M Al-Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaino
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sayed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Babgi MF, Albar HM, Miny MH, Alzahrani H, Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmed EO. Disparity Analysis for Cardiac Surgical Outcomes: The Citizenship Factor. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:292. [PMID: 37504548 PMCID: PMC10380679 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Disparity in clinical care on the basis of gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic and racial variation is an established phenomenon. The focus on health disparities was led on by the report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black & Minority Health, which emphasized that the burden of death and illness was in excess among black people and other minorities. In Saudi Arabia, cardiac health care is being provided to a heterogeneous group of patients during pilgrimage time. This mixed population comprises different socio-economic backgrounds, demographics, ethnicities and languages. This study was carried out to assess for any disparities in cardiac surgical outcomes after isolated CABG surgery between Saudi citizens and non-Saudi patients. (2) Methods: The data of 2178 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery at King Abdullah Medical City from December 2014 to July 2020 were extracted. Patient demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnoses, surgical procedures, complications, length of hospital stay and mortality were included in the data. The primary outcome was mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. (3) Results: A total of 2178 isolated CABG procedures were conducted during the study period with almost 57.5% of patients being Saudi citizens in comparison with 42.5% of non-Saudi citizens. The male gender represented the majority of the population, with a total of 1584 patients, representing 72.7% of the total study population. The rate of mortality had no statistical significance with the mortality rate of 5% vs. 5.3% (p < 0.786). The postoperative morbidities were comparable for all the parameters except for postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). (4) Conclusions: In the present study, the chances of survival and postoperative outcomes are not associated with nationality per se, but with underlying comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Babgi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 57657, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M Albar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Miny
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 57657, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Alzahrani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 57657, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elnazeer O Ahmed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 57657, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Almutairi OM, Alhomaid TA, Alshuaibi AM, Ahmad Alahmad RM, Al Mardhamah NH, Alamri T. The Influence of Eating Habits on Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42638. [PMID: 37644936 PMCID: PMC10461219 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several dietary factors are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. The increasing consumption of processed and sugary foods, including fast food and sugary beverages, in recent decades along with the rising prevalence of diabetes indicate the necessity of exploring the influence of eating habits on diabetes in Saudi Arabia. That is why the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia has become a topic of increasing interest. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to explore the influence of eating habits on the prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia by providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing evidence from studies conducted on this topic in Saudi Arabia. A systematic search was conducted using predefined search terms in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies investigating the relationship between eating habits and diabetes prevalence among the Saudi Arabian population were included. Data extraction was performed, and the quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools. The findings were synthesized and discussed. Understanding the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia is crucial for developing effective preventive and management strategies for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases and promoting healthier eating habits in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Almutairi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Turki Alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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15
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Munawir Alhejely MM, Shibli KY, Hamed Almalki WA, Felemban GMB, Alluhaybi HS, Majrashi BM, Bakhsh BY. Influence of Lifestyle Changes on Cardiovascular Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40075. [PMID: 37425506 PMCID: PMC10326797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous socio-economic development and urbanization over the past few decades, which has profoundly changed the lifestyle leading to several risk factors that contribute to the high prevalence of CVD. This systematic review identified significant lifestyle factors associated with CVD risk in order to inform effective interventions to decrease the CVD burden in Saudi Arabia. We researched all published articles and reports evaluating CVD risk factors in Saudi Arabia in the last four years from the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A total of 19 articles and 1 report were included. Physical inactivity was among 69.4% of the population, mostly among Saudi women, and was associated with 1.4-1.5 odds of CVD. Obesity prevalence was 49.6%-57% and was associated with more odds of CVD among women than men (3.3 odds vs. 2.38 odds). More than a third (34.4%) of the Saudi population studied ate unhealthy diets (rich in fat, poor in fibers, less vegetables and fruits, and ultra-processed), which was found to more than triple (almost quadruple) the CVD risks (OR=3.8). Smoking prevalence was 12.2%-26.2% and was more among men. Other factors, such as type 2 diabetes (OR=2.3) and stress (5.4%-16.9%), were also identified as factors. The prevalence of CVD lifestyle-related risk factors is still high in Saudi Arabia, especially physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and smoking, which highlights the urgent need for lifestyle modifications and public health campaigns and collaboration among the Saudi government and its partners to effectively improve cardiovascular health in Saudi Arabia.
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Althaiban MA, Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM. Malnutrition is associated with increased disease risk in older people in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1149739. [PMID: 37077189 PMCID: PMC10106578 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThere is little research on the nutritional status of older people in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated the factors associated with the nutritional status of older people in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. We hypothesized that older people who are at risk of malnutrition are at higher risk of different diseases.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 271 people aged ≥60 years from October 2021 to January 2022. We collected data on demographics, body mass index, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Eating Attitudes Test, and Household Dietary Diversity score.ResultsAmong the 271 participants, 13.3% were malnourished and 53.9% were at risk of malnutrition. The oral health (P < 0.001), depression (P < 0.001), and eating disorder (P < 0.002) scores were significantly associated with malnutrition. Congestive heart failure, asthma, peripheral vascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and hypertension were more prevalent among malnourished participants—this supports our original hypothesis. The HDD score showed no significant differences between men and women.ConclusionMalnutrition was associated with overweight or obesity, poor oral health, and depression. Older people in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, had a high risk of malnutrition.
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Alzahrani MS, Alharthi YS, Aljamal JK, Alarfaj AA, Vennu V, Noweir MD. National and Regional Rates of Chronic Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Saudi Arabia-Analysis of the 2018 Household Health Survey Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5254. [PMID: 37047870 PMCID: PMC10093916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The disease burden and mortality were estimated in Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2017 but were unknown in 2018. This study aims to assess the 2018 national and regional rates of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality among the total and Saudi populations. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we obtained data from 24,012 households from the 2018 household health survey. We included doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular diseases (CAD), and cancer (CN). A secondary analysis was performed by the total and Saudi populations. Both citizens and residents comprised the total population. Makkah and Al-Medina had greater rates among the total population; however, Al-Baha and Ha'il had high rates of chronic diseases and related mortality in the Saudi population. Age-adjusted mortality rates were 286 per 100,000 population-year. The age-adjusted mortality rate among those aged 65 and above was 3428 per 100,000 population in the same age group. Men had a rate of 1779 per 100,000 men, which was higher than the rate of 1649 for women. In 2018, most citizens in Ha'il had DM, most Al-Baha had HTN and CAD, and most Al-Qassim had CN. People aged 65 and older had the highest death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S. Alzahrani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser S. Alharthi
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Maternity & Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24269, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal K. Aljamal
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alarfaj
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishal Vennu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 10219, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed D. Noweir
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif 26526, Saudi Arabia
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Aljefree NM. Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1081928. [PMID: 36761223 PMCID: PMC9902718 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the dietary intake of certain food groups in a representative sample of public-school teachers living in Jeddah city. We also, examined the association of dietary intake with physical activity and obesity among schoolteachers. Methods The study was a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 640 (177 male, 463 female) schoolteachers aged between 20 and 62 years old and working in public primary, intermediate, and high schools in Jeddah. Measurements included gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), health problems, and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity levels, smoking status, and dietary intake. Results Based on gender, number of non-smoking women (94%) was higher than number of non-smoking men (57.1%) (P < 0.001). However, men were more active than women (P = 0.03). Regarding BMI, there were more overweight men than women, while obese women numbered more than men (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in dietary intake between men and women except that men consumed more soft drinks than women (P = 0.002). Lower physically active schoolteachers were less likely to consume salad (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.02), vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.01), beans and legumes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.005), wholegrain bread (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.03), dairy products (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.01), snacks (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01), and fish (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = 0.04) compared to those with high levels of physical activity. Only fruit intake was considered statistically significant (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7; P = 0.003). The study found a relationship between the BMI of schoolteachers and food intake. Obese schoolteachers had lower consumption of fruits (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.007) and white meat (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.03) than schoolteachers in the normal weight group. Conclusion The high prevalence of physical activity, dietary intake and body weight among Saudi teachers is a major public health concern. The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with body weight that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi school teachers. Promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets would be primary targets for obesity prevention.
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Al Faraidy K, Akbar M, Shehri M, Aljarallah M, Abdin Hussein G, Dashti R, Al Qudaimi A, Al Nouri F, Awan Z, Essam A, Emara A. Multizonal observational study conducted by clinical practitioners on evolocumab use in subjects with hyperlipidemia in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait: Results from the ZERBINI study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278821. [PMID: 36662739 PMCID: PMC9858091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity and mortality across the world, including in the Arabian Gulf. The present study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients receiving evolocumab in clinical practice. METHODS ZERBINI was a multi-country, observational, retrospective/prospective study of subjects receiving evolocumab as part of routine clinical management of their hyperlipidemia. This regional publication reports on adult participants from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait who have had ≥1 dose of evolocumab before enrollment and ≤6 months' prior exposure to evolocumab. Patient characteristics and treatment persistence data were collected in addition to baseline and follow-up data up to 12 months post-evolocumab initiation. RESULTS Overall, 225 patients were included from two sites, Saudi Arabia (N = 155) and Kuwait (N = 70). Mean age was comparable across sites and most patients had baseline coronary artery disease and/or hypertension. Baseline LDL-C levels (mean ± SD 3.6 ± 1.4 mmol/L in Saudi Arabia, 3.1 ± 1.4 mmol/L in Kuwait) were reduced by approximately 57%-62% in the first 6 months after evolocumab initiation (1.5 ± 1.2 mmol/L in Saudi Arabia [n = 63], 1.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L in Kuwait [n = 28]). This decrease was maintained over the 12-month follow-up period. Most patients achieved ACC 2018 LDL-C goals (<1.8 mmol/L; 74.6% in Saudi Arabia, 93.1% in Kuwait) and ESC 2019 LDL-C goals (<1.4 mmol/L; 66.7% in Saudi Arabia, 75.9% in Kuwait) in the first 6 months after evolocumab initiation. Medication persistence with evolocumab was high (up to 90.7%). Evolocumab had a favorable safety profile and no treatment-emergent adverse events were observed at either site. CONCLUSION Evolocumab is an effective lipid-lowering treatment in local populations. LDL-C goal achievement is increased when evolocumab is added to background lipid-lowering therapy with high tolerability and persistence. Long-term follow-up and large-scale data are needed to further support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Faraidy
- KFMMC Cardiac Center, Interventional Cardiologist, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Akbar
- Cardiology Unit, Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Shehri
- Cardiac Center Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gamal Abdin Hussein
- Adult Cardiology Department, Cardiac Center North West Armed Forces King Salman Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Dashti
- Sabah Al-Ahmad Cardiac Center, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fahad Al Nouri
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhier Awan
- King Abdulaziz University, Clinical Biochemistry Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Essam
- Medical Affair Department, Amgen Middle East, Dubai, United Arab of Emirates
| | - Alaa Emara
- Medical Department, Amgen Saudi, Saudi Arabia
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Sabico S, Wani K, Grant WB, Al-Daghri NM. Improved HDL Cholesterol through Vitamin D Status Correction Substantially Lowers 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score in Vitamin D-Deficient Arab Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030551. [PMID: 36771260 PMCID: PMC9921125 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This interventional study aimed to determine whether correcting vitamin D status in deficient Arab adults [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] improves their 10-year risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk scores. Saudi adults (58 males 62 females) with baseline vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) were given 50,000 IU cholecalciferol weekly for 2 months, then twice a month, followed by daily 1000 IU until month 6. Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention and assessed for glucose, lipids, and 25(OH)D levels. The predicted 10-year ASCVD risk scores were calculated at baseline and after intervention. At baseline, significantly higher 10-year ASCDV risk scores were observed in males than females (9% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). After 6 months, only 21% (25 out of 120) achieved 25(OH)D levels above optimal level (≥75 nmol/L). While modest improvements were seen in glucose and lipid profiles, only HDL cholesterol showed favorable significant changes in all participants, which translated to significantly improved 10-year ASCVD risk scores independent of whether they achieved optimum vitamin D status. Still, those who achieved optimal vitamin D levels had a modestly larger decrease in ASCVD risk scores than those with less optimal 25(OH)D levels (-23% versus -18%) and this improvement was slightly more pronounced in males (-26% versus -10%, or 16% improvement) than females (-47% versus -32%, or 15% improvement). In conclusion, vitamin D status correction significantly enhances HDL cholesterol which prospectively reduces 10-year ASCVD risk as vitamin D levels approach optimum status among adult Arabs with baseline vitamin D deficiency. This improvement appears to be slightly more apparent in males than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Sabico
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14675939
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Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Shatwan IM. Gender differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to type 1 diabetes among Saudi public-school teachers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 36650460 PMCID: PMC9847176 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) need carefully monitoring even during school hours to avoid emergencies. Hence, it is crucial for teachers to have appropriate knowledge and positive attitudes toward diabetes to effectively manage the disease and its complications. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to T1DM among Saudi male and female public-school teachers living in Jeddah and to identify the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among primary, intermediate, and secondary public-school teachers working in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between October 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected through an online survey. The survey included information on the socio-demographics of school teachers, the presence of chronic diseases, teachers' health behaviours, and knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to T1DM. RESULTS This study included 378 school teachers. The majority of school teachers from both genders were married, held a bachelor's degree, and aged 45-54 years. Male school teachers were married (P = 0.02), held postgraduate certificates (P < 0.001), smoked cigarette and shisha (P < 0.001), and were physically active (P < 0.001) compared to female school teachers. Regarding teachers' knowledge of T1DM, it was found that female teachers were significantly more knowledgeable of T1DM children's and its symptoms than male teachers (P = 0.03; P = 0.01, respectively). However, male teachers were more willing to accommodate T1DM students in their classes and attend programs to support T1DM students as compared to female teachers (P = 0.004; P = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, the study showed poor practice scores for T1DM. In addition, the knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores toward T1DM were significantly associated with advanced age (P = 0.002), and extended years of teaching experience (P ≤ 0.002). Also, diabetic teachers had the highest knowledge (P = 0.03) and attitude (P = 0.02) scores compared to non-diabetic teachers. Male teachers who were married (P = 0.002), shisha smokers (P = 0.01), and had never practiced activity (P = 0.03) had better attitudes and practices toward T1DM. Similarly, female teachers who held bachelor's certificates had better attitudes toward T1DM (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The present study revealed moderate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and poor practices related to T1DM among school teachers in Jeddah. It is crucial for policymakers to provide school teachers with training for necessary diabetes care for diabetic students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa M. Aljefree
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M. Almoraie
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Althaiban
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahitab A. Hanbazaza
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A. Wazzan
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M. Shatwan
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
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Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors by Community Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020151. [PMID: 36673520 PMCID: PMC9859281 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists in community settings are recognized as highly accessible healthcare practitioners and demonstrate a crucial role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Evidence indicates that community pharmacists can make a significant impact on controlling cardiovascular disease risk factors, particularly on hypertension. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the knowledge of community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia regarding cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving community pharmacists was conducted. The knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors was assessed with the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). A web link for an anonymous questionnaire was shared with the licensed community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia using the "Seha" platform of the Ministry of Health. Data analysis was performed with R version 4.0.5. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-four community pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Many community pharmacists (94.4%) had satisfactory awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The odds of having satisfactory HDFQ knowledge for community pharmacists seeing more than 20 individuals with diabetes per month were 20 times (AOR = 19.9, 95% CI: 1.73-260, and p = 0.019) more compared to those seeing fewer than 10 individuals with diabetes per month. The age of the community pharmacists and the average number of individuals with diabetes seen per month were found to be factors associated with satisfactory HDFQ knowledge. CONCLUSION The practicing pharmacists had a substantial understanding of cardiovascular disease risk factors. In line with counseling and education, the implementation of community pharmacy models for improving the knowledge of pharmacists, particularly the young pharmacists, is needed to effectively assist patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Khushhal A, Alsubaiei M. Barriers to Establishing Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:653-661. [PMID: 36923361 PMCID: PMC10010741 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s398687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The core of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is structured exercise training. CR reduces 28-56% hospital readmission rate, and around 25% increases cardiorespiratory fitness but the number of outpatients CR centers in Saudi Arabia (SA) is very limited and there is a need to establish outpatient CR (Phase III) in SA. Furthermore, the awareness of outpatient CR in SA is unknown. Aim To determine the main barriers to establishing an outpatient CR program (Phase III) in the western region of SA, as well as assess the awareness of outpatient CR (Phase III) in the western region of SA. Methods A cross-sectional study survey was conducted between March - July 2021 among physiotherapists, cardiologists and the cardiac surgeon using a questionnaire distributed electronically to determine the awareness level of outpatient CR and barriers to establishing outpatient CR (Phase III) in the western region of SA. Frequencies and percentages were used to report the variables. Results Of the 141 participants who completed the online survey, our findings showed that 131 (93%) were aware of CR but only 29 (21%) were aware of the four phases of CR. There were three main barriers to establishing CR: lack of appropriate CR 135 (96%); lack of awareness among healthcare professions of CR and its benefits 134 (95%) and the lack of healthcare providers trained in CR 133 (94%). There was a significant relationship between physiotherapists and cardiologists' responses on agreeing to all barriers to establishing CR in SA (r=0.69, P =0.03). Conclusion To overcome the barriers to establishing CR outpatient centers in the western region of SA, it is recommended to provide more CR outpatient training programs to healthcare providers and raise the awareness of the CR phases, its benefits, and the risk factors for developing cardiac diseases among healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Khushhal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsubaiei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Almeman AA, Al Mesned A, Alredaini IA, Alhumaidan RI, Alharbi SB, Alassaf FA, Alharbi SF, Alharbi SB, Alharbi HM. Assessment of Adherence to Cardiovascular Medicines in Saudi Population: An Observational Study in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:122-129. [PMID: 38093591 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x257067230927101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug adherence has been extensively evaluated in many developed countries in the West using different methods of medication adherence measurement; however, there are relatively few reports studying the adherence levels among Saudi patients. Thus, this study will evaluate the adherence to cardiovascular medicines in Saudi patients visiting (PSCC) in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study relied on self-administered questionnaires. This study used the Morisky, Green, and Levine (MGL) Adherence Scale, also known as the MAQ (Medication Adherence Questionnaire), in PSCC's pharmacy waiting room in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS This study included 993 PSCC pharmacy waiting room patients. The patients were between 11 and 50 years old, and 52.7 percent were male. Most participants (71.2%) were above 50, while 16.3% were 41-50. Non-adherent patients cited traveling or being busy (28.6%), forgetting (18.7%), daily multi-medications (7.1%), being sleepy or sleeping (6.6%), and not repeating the prescription (6.6%). The Medicine Adherence Questionnaire indicated that 62.6 percent of patients fully adhered to their medications, and 21.6 percent usually adhered. Only drug adverse effects affected adherence (p =0.0001). CONCLUSION The current study showed that there is a good level of adherence among patients with cardiovascular diseases toward their diseases. The most common reasons for neglecting medications include traveling or being busy, forgetting multiple medications, and being tired or sleeping. Having experience with side effects was the only significant factor affecting adherence to medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdulrahman Almeman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University (QU), Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Mesned
- Pediatric Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center (PSCC), Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Khakpash M, Esfahanizadeh M, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Amidi S, Kobarfard F. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiadiazole Derivatives as Antiplatelet Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e141846. [PMID: 38655234 PMCID: PMC11036646 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of thiadiazole compounds was synthesized through the reaction of thiosemicarbazone intermediates with 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The antiplatelet activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using an aggregation test with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) as platelet aggregation inducers. Among the synthesized analogs, compound 3b exhibited the most potent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 39 ± 11 µM). Molecular docking studies of 3b revealed hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen of the thiadiazole ring and Lys280. The tolyl ring exhibited hydrophobic interactions with Tyr105, similar to the antagonist co-crystallized with P2Y12 (PDB ID: 4NTJ). These compounds have the potential to serve as lead molecules for designing P2Y12 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Khakpash
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Esfahanizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salimeh Amidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ul Sabah Z, Mohammed Alshorfi HA, Ali AlAsiri AA, Aziz S, Wani J, Khan H. Evaluation and Assessment of Community Awareness About Coronary Artery Disease in the Aseer Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e31667. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Albarrati A, Abdulghani AH, Aldhahi MI, Nazer R. Measurement Properties of the Duke Activity Status Index in Arab Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13783. [PMID: 36360661 PMCID: PMC9658737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the measurement properties of the Arabic version of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A sample of 100 Arab patients with CVD completed the Arabic version of the DASI and underwent an exercise stress test (EST) on the first visit, and the metabolic equivalent (MET) was obtained from each outcome measure. On the second visit, patients with CVD completed the Arabic version of the DASI along with the global rating of change scale (GRC). Reliability, including the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, were examined. Patients with CVD (86 males), mean (SD) age 54.98 (10.2) years, completed the study. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was 0.93. The estimated MET and peak VO2 obtained from the DASI were correlated with the estimated MET and peak VO2 obtained from the EST (r = 0.58, r = 0.56, all p-values < 0.001). The Arabic version of the DASI is a simple, quick, reliable, and valid measure of functional capacity in Arabic-speaking patients with CVD. The DASI may serve as a screening tool for functional capacity in patients with CVD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer H. Abdulghani
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monira I. Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Nazer
- Cardiac Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 3642, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Alfhili MA, Alsughayyir J, Basudan AM, Ghneim HK, Alfaifi M, Alamri HS, Awan ZA, Algethami MR. Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Anemic and Nonanemic Hypertensive Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7895-7906. [PMID: 36304671 PMCID: PMC9595128 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s379597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors of cardiovascular disease include dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and anemia. Our objective is to assess the patterns of dyslipidemia in the anemic and non-anemic hypertensive Saudi population. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the gender, blood pressure, lipid markers, and CBC parameters of 3111 subjects, which were retrieved from the database of Al-Borg Medical Laboratories over a six-year period (2014-2019), was carried out. Means were compared among study groups and the prevalence, association, and diagnostic accuracy of lipid markers for HTN were evaluated. Results TG, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in hypertensives. Anemia reduces TC and LDL (P < 0.0001) in both genders, and reduces all markers and increases HDL (P < 0.01) in male hypertensives. HTN was more prevalent in anemics with high TC than normal TC (38.23% vs 11.17%, P < 0.001) and in non-anemics with high TG than normal TG (56.31% vs 21.22%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, non-anemics with high TG/HDL had the highest risk for HTN (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.1551-1.2473, P < 0.0001). Elevated TC (P = 0.0142), TG (P < 0.0001), TC/HDL (P < 0.0001), LDL/HDL (P < 0.0001), and TG/HDL (P < 0.0001), and low HDL (P < 0.0001) were risk factors for HTN as shown by ORs. In anemics, high TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were not. Importantly, only TG and TG/HDL had a discriminating capacity for HTN. Conclusion The anemic state of hypertensive Saudi patients influences dyslipidemia which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Mohammad A Alfhili, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-504-262-597, Email
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Basudan
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem K Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Borg Medical Laboratories, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Basheti IA, Ayasrah SM, Ahmad MM, Abu-Snieneh HM, Abuadas FH. Medications adherence and associated factors among patients with stroke in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2736. [PMID: 36793903 PMCID: PMC9891775 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.4.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is one of the most significant neurological problems around the world, and is considered a leading cause of death. Due to polypharmacy and multimorbidity, stroke patients are susceptible to have lower levels of adherence to their medications and self-care activities. Methods Patients who have suffered a stroke and had recently been admitted to public hospital were approached for recruitment. Patients' adherence to their medications was examined using a validated questionnaire during an interview between the principal investigator and the patients, where patients' adherence to their self-care activities was assessed using a developed, validated and previously published questionnaire as well. Reasons for lack of adherence was explored from the patients. Verification of patient's details and medications was done via the patient's hospital file. Results The mean age of the participants (n=173) was 53.21 (SD= 8.61) years. Assessing patients' adherence to medications showed that more than half of them stated that they sometimes/often forgot to take their medication/s, while 41.0% sometimes/often stopped their medication/s from time to time. The mean adherence to medications score (out of 28) was 18.39 (SD=2.1), with 83.8% having a low adherence level. It is found that patients who did not take their medications were due to forgetfulness (46.8%) and complications from taking the medications (20.2%). Better adherence was associated with higher educational level, higher number of medical conditions, and higher frequency of glucose monitoring. Adherence to self-care activities showed that majority of patients performed correct self-care activities three times a week. Conclusion Post-stroke patients in Saudi Arabia have indicated low levels of medication adherence, while reporting good adherence to their self-care activities. Better adherence was associated with certain patient characteristics such as higher educational level. These findings can help in focusing the efforts to improve adherence and health outcomes for stroke patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Basheti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, 11931, Amman, Jordan; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Shahnaz M Ayasrah
- PhD. Associate professor, Department of Applied Science/Nursing, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt - Jordan.
| | - Muayyad M Ahmad
- PhD. Professor, Clinical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman 11942 - Jordan.
| | - Hana M Abu-Snieneh
- RN, PhD. Assistant professor, Faculty of Nursing/ The University of Jordan/ Aqaba Campus Aqaba- Jordan. ;
| | - Fuad H Abuadas
- Assistant professor, College of Nursing, Community Health Nursing Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia.
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Albar HM, Alahmdi RA, Almedimigh AA, Shaik RA, Ahmad MS, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Alaoufi SY, Aloyari WO, Alanazi RMS. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its risk factors in Majmaah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:943611. [PMID: 36158800 PMCID: PMC9492946 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.943611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out with an aim to outline the prevalence of coronary artery diseases, its risk of one region of the Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective observational study conducted across five secondary medical centers located in the city of Majmaah. Hospital medical records and ministry of health records were screened over a 6-month period for data on patients admitted for Coronary artery disease (CAD). Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, medical profile, and laboratory findings. Results A total of 327 participants were included in this study with a median age of 64 and the majority being male participants (59.8%). The majority were married, held a primary school degree and earned a salary for living. A large number (82.9%) were hypertensive and diabetic (66.7%) and one-fourth had a previous MI (25.1%). A large number (73.7%) had heart failure with a mean ejection fraction of 44% (SD = 13). The causes of heart failure were mainly ischemic (56.3%) and hypertensive (28.1%). Readmission rates at 30 and 90 days then at 6 and 12 months were 22, 53.8, 68.8, and 75.8%, respectively. The mortality rates at the same time intervals were 5.5, 8.9, 14.1, and 22.9%, respectively. Predictors of readmission are age, CCI, and NYHA class. Conclusion Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of heart failure. End stage CAD can have similar results in terms of readmission and mortality as heart failure. Future research should target patients in different stages of the condition and monitor their comorbidities which may impact the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham M. Albar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Andulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Riyaz Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Ali HI, Elmi F, Stojanovska L, Ibrahim N, Cheikh Ismail L, Al Dhaheri AS. Associations of Dyslipidemia with Dietary Intakes, Body Weight Status and Sociodemographic Factors among Adults in the United Arab Emirates. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163405. [PMID: 36014911 PMCID: PMC9412376 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on dietary and other factors associated with dyslipidemia in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is limited. This study assessed the association of diet, body weight and other risk factors of dyslipidemia by conducting a cross-sectional survey among adults residing in three emirates of the UAE. Validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the WHO STEPS Instrument were used to assess dietary intakes, body weight and dyslipidemia-related diagnosis. Composite Mediterranean Diet Score was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Of the 610 participants, dyslipidemia was reported by 23.5% of the 319 participants who ever had blood cholesterol levels measured. Self-reported dyslipidemia was associated with increased age, higher BMI, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Most participants did not meet the recommendations for dietary fiber and calorie intake from saturated fats (61.3% and 81.2%, respectively). Participants with dyslipidemia reported a higher median daily intake of vegetables compared to those without dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), who also showed a significantly higher intake of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.008). Participants aged ≥50 years were more likely to have adhered to the MD compared to 18−30-year old participants (OR = 4.16; 95% CI 2.59−6.69). Non-Emiratis had higher odds of adherence to the MD compared to UAE nationals (OR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.04−2.06). Interventions targeting behavioral risk factors of dyslipidemia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Fadima Elmi
- Independent Researcher, Al Ain P.O. Box 67258, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Naser Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
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Saki N, Karandish M, Cheraghian B, Heybar H, Hashemi SJ, Azhdari M. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors among adults from southwest Iran: Baseline data from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 35804295 PMCID: PMC9270737 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were the number one cause of death in Iran. The main risk factors of CVDs include unhealthy lifestyles, insulin resistance, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. Given that there are modifiable risk factors for CVDs, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CVDs and their risk factors among adults. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 9828 adults 35-70 years (both sexes). The demographic data, lifestyle habits, anthropometric data, and clinical and biochemical parameters were collected from the baseline data of the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. The odds ratio (OR) of CVDs was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of CVDs was higher in females than males (16.2 vs. 12.6, p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of CVDs was related to age, gender, marital status, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, HTN, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p ≤ 0.05). The participants aged 65-70 y showed the highest odds of CVDs (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: (3.14, 5.01), (p ≤ 0.001)). Males (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: (1.51, 2.05), p ≤ 0.001), married status (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: (1.08, 2.47), p = 0.021), more using a mobile phone (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: (1.09, 1.46), p ≤ 0.002), and smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: (1.24, 1.68), p ≤ 0.001) associated with CVDs. Higher odds of CVDs were related to low physical activity (PA) (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: (1.34, 1.8), p ≤ 0.001), body mass index > 30 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.8), p ≤ 0.047). Moreover, odds of CVDs were related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.04, 1.51), p = 0.017), FPG = 100-126 mg/dl (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: (1.07, 1.43), p = 0.003), and FPG > 126 mg/dl (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: (1.47, 1. 98), p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study showed the main risk factors of CVDs were older age, married status, using a mobile phone, low PA, smoking, obesity, and abnormal FPG and SBP. The lower odds of CVDs were found in the participants with normal cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Karandish
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Heybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Azhdari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
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Al- Ahmadi J, Enani S, Bahijri S, Al-Raddadi R, Jambi H, Eldakhakhny B, Borai A, Ajabnoor G, Tuomilehto J. Association between anthropometric indices and non-anthropometric components of the metabolic syndrome in Saudi adults. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac055. [PMID: 35592514 PMCID: PMC9113350 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Waist circumference (WC) is used in screening for metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on its association with cardiometabolic risk. This might apply differently in ethnically different populations. Associations with other measures are also unclear. Objective This work aimed to investigate the association between neck circumference (NC), WC, WC:hip circumference, WC:height (WC:Ht), NC:Ht, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), conicity index, abdominal volume index, and weight-adjusted waist index with nonanthropometric components of MetS in nondiabetic Saudi adults. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in public health centers in Jeddah, comprising 1365 Saudi adults (772 men and 593 women) aged 18 years or older not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Main outcome measures included the presence of 2 or more nonanthropometric components of the MetS were used to define clinical metabolic abnormality (CMA). The predictive ability of studied anthropometric indices for CMA was determined using the area under receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve and binary logistic regression. Results A total of 157 men and 83 women had CMA. NC and NC:Ht had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men (odds ratio [OR]NC = 1.79, P < .001 and ORNC:Ht = 1.68, P < .001; AUCNC = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.74] and AUCNC:Ht = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.73]). In women, WC had the highest predictive ability ORWC = 1.81, P < .001; AUCWC = 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69-0.80]). Conclusion Upper-body anthropometric indicators that were associated with subcutaneous fat had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men whereas abdominal obesity indictors had the best predictive ability in women, suggesting that fat distribution might contribute to CMA in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Al- Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Aljefree NM, Shatwan IM, Almoraie NM. Impact of the Intake of Snacks and Lifestyle Behaviors on Obesity among University Students Living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020400. [PMID: 35207013 PMCID: PMC8872185 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy eating habits increase the risk of obesity. This study investigated the association between obesity and the intake of snacks and lifestyle behaviors among university students in Saudi Arabia. The study included 662 students aged 18–29 years, studying at King Abdulaziz University. An online survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, height, and weight, to calculate body mass index (BMI), lifestyle behaviors, dietary habits, and snack intake. The prevalence of overweight and obese students was 18.6% and 12.7%, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors had insignificant effects on obesity. Obese students consumed two meals daily and more cereals during breakfast. Non-obese students consumed more beverages at breakfast and had their daily meals with their families. The frequency of intake of snacks had an insignificant effect on obesity. However, obese students had a significantly higher intake of potato chips, popcorn, and biscuits, while non-obese students had a significantly higher intake of salads compared with obese students. Students consumed significantly less fruit and vegetables, chocolate, biscuits, nuts, and dairy products as snacks when inside the university compared to outside. To reduce obesity among students, universities should ensure access to healthy snacks, and provide health education programs to encourage healthy eating habits and lifestyles.
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Alshammari QT, Alrashidi O, Almutairi W, Alshammari E, Alshammari MT, CG SK, Salih M, Sulieman A, Gameraddin M, Malik BA, Alyahyawi AR. Coronary Artery Calcium Score: Current Efficacy of Cardiac CT in Patients at Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/inqvelwihv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jaber L, Al-Qarni F, Alsaati M, Al-Nefaiee M, Shetty AC, Shaban S, Zarka R, Aljundi A, Jaber B. Perspectives of Dental Practitioners Regarding Their Readiness for Medical Emergencies: A Study in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Training dental practitioners on emergency preparedness and response is essential for the successful management of medical emergencies.
Objectives:
To assess the perceptions of dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia about their readiness to manage medical emergencies in the dental practices.
Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental practitioners working in 52 dental centers in Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires mainly gathered data on the measures taken by dental practitioners to prevent medical emergencies, BLS certification, availability of essential drugs and equipment, and perceptions of dental practitioners regarding the adequacy of their training for medical emergencies.
Results:
Of the total 270 participants, the majority reported that they take medical history (94%), perform visual inspection (90%), consult with patients’ physician when needed (89%), and modify treatment plan as necessary (94%). However, only 19% of them routinely take baseline vital signs for their patients and 52.6% have valid BLS certification. Only 29.6% and 16.3% of dental practitioners have reported that they have all essential drugs and equipment, respectively.
Conclusion:
The preventive measures for medical emergency appears to be deficient because most dental practitioners are not routinely taking baseline vital signs for their patients. This important issue is combined with shortage of BLS certification among dental practitioners and inadequate availability of all medical emergency drugs and equipment in dental practices.
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Mumena WA. Consumption of Free Sugar Predicts Nutrient Intake of Saudi Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:782853. [PMID: 34869544 PMCID: PMC8634584 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the association between free sugar intake and nutrient intake in children in the Middle East are not available. This study aimed to explore the association between the consumption of free sugar and nutrient intake among Saudi children. A cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children ages between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers. An online survey collected sociodemographic data from mothers. Trained data collector personal contacted mothers to arrange for a phone interview in order to collect 24-h dietary recall to assess the dietary intake of children. Only 0.90% of children consumed free sugar within the recent recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) of <5% of total energy intake, whereas 10.6% of children consumed free sugar <10% of total energy intake. The percentage of free sugar intake was negatively associated with total energy intake. Multiple linear regression analysis of free sugar consumption and nutrient intake adjusted for children's age and sex indicated that a higher percentage of free sugar intake significantly predicted lower intake of saturated fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Excessive intake of free sugar predicted a lower intake of many essential nutrients. Interventions that aim to reduce the intake of free sugar are urgently needed in order to improve diet of growing children. Future research to explore top food sources of free sugar is needed to establish effective interventions that aim to limit free sugar intake among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Al Sayed N, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Al Waili K, Sabbour H, Sulaiman K, Zubaid M, Ray KK, Al-Rasadi K. Consensus clinical recommendations for the management of plasma lipid disorders in the Middle East – 2021 update. Atherosclerosis 2021; 343:28-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Almadhi AA, Alshammri MR, Altamimi NO, Hadal SA, Al Madhi AA, Salahie MS. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e19997. [PMID: 34987891 PMCID: PMC8716120 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disorder caused by group A streptococcal pharyngitis infections that can progress to rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Public awareness and knowledge of this condition are crucial for its prevention. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding these disorders to identify the factors influencing the level of knowledge and to determine how to increase awareness and knowledge of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 1211 participants throughout Saudi Arabia using an online platform. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, levels of awareness, knowledge of rheumatic fever along with rheumatic heart disease, and attitudes toward these diseases. Results A total of 1121 participants met the criteria for the study and completed the questionnaire (77.5% female vs. 22.5% male). The most common age group was 18 to 30 years old (30.5%). The lack of knowledge was most common among the younger age group (≤ 40 years) and males. Knowledge of rheumatic fever was assessed as poor, fair, and good among 80.2%, 16.2%, and 3.6% of participants, respectively. A good knowledge level was more common among the older age group (> 40 years) and those who had four to seven children. Poor, fair, and good attitude levels were expressed by 41.7%, 32.6%, and 25.8% of participants, respectively. Poor attitudes toward rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease were more common among those living in the Central region. Conclusion While the attitudes toward rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease seem adequate, significant deficiencies in the knowledge and awareness of these disorders were observed in the study population. Insufficient knowledge was primarily seen among young male participants.
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Roohafza H, Askari M, Nouri F, Talaei M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M. Do coping strategies really affect cardiovascular events? The Isfahan cohort study of adults in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 21:483-490. [PMID: 34849720 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Psychological factors are among the most suspected indicators which may cause atherosclerosis. Coping strategies modifying psychological stress may be significantly associated with health outcomes. However, little is known about the influence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies on major adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The purpose of this study is to examine this idea among a sample of adults. Design: cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS The Isfahan cohort study (ICS) is a longitudinal population-based, prospective study. Participants (N=6323 individuals aged 35 years or greater at baseline) were selected by multistage random sampling with 6-year intervals (i.e. 2001: 6323 individuals, 2007: 3296 individuals, and 2013: 1706 individuals). Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were evaluated by a multicomponent self-administered stress management paper-based questionnaire. All CVD events were confirmed by a blinded panel of experts and a marginal cox regression model was used to model the survival data. Adaptive coping strategies could be protective against CVD events with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) [0.97 (0.95-0.99)] and maladaptive coping strategies seem to be a risk factor, 1.02 (1.01-1.04) in the whole population. Individuals younger than 60 showed similar results, with 0.96 (0.93-0.98) and 1.04 (1.01-1.07) for adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, respectively. However, these findings were not replicated among seniors older than age 60. CONCLUSION Based on our results, coping strategies have an important role in cardiovascular events, particularly among young adults. According to the results, informing patients about adaptive stress management may promote primary prevention of CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8166173414, Iran
| | - Mozhde Askari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8166173414, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8166173414, Iran
| | - Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8166173414, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8166173414, Iran
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Bdair IA. Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases Knowledge and Risk Factors Among Adult Population in the South Region of Saudi Arabia. Clin Nurs Res 2021; 31:598-606. [PMID: 34802288 DOI: 10.1177/10547738211060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and disability worldwide. This study aimed to assess knowledge of cardiovascular disease and risk factors among the adult population in the south region of Saudi Arabia. A web-based cross-sectional survey of 1,049 participants was completed during August 2021. Data were collected by using 25-item heart disease fact questionnaire. The study population included 526 men (50.1%) and 523 women (49.9%) with a mean age of 36 ± 12 years. The average total knowledge score was 65.7 ± 20.80. The items with the highest knowledge were smoking, overweight, aging, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and family history. Findings revealed that knowledge regarding cardiovascular diseases is inadequate with a high prevalence of risk factors among the Saudi Arabian population. Healthcare professionals and organizations have a crucial role in raising public awareness regarding health promotion, regular screening, and lifestyles modifications. Interventional studies are needed to investigate the actual magnitude of CVDs and counteract them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzeddin A Bdair
- Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Horaib GB, Al-Buraidi A, Al-Sharif AA, Kadasah SG, Al-Omani S, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. Recent Trends of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Military Recruits from Saudi Arabia. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:medicines8110065. [PMID: 34822362 PMCID: PMC8620872 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) constitutes the risk factors and abnormalities that markedly increase the probability of developing diabetes and coronary heart disease. An early detection of Met-S, its components and risk factors can be of great help in preventing or controlling its adverse consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in young army recruits from Saudi Arabia. A total of 2010 Saudis aged 18-30 years were randomly selected from groups who had applied to military colleges. In addition to designed questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected to measure Met-S components according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Met-S prevalence was 24.3% and it was higher in older subjects than the younger ones. There were significant associations between Met-S and age, education level and marital status. The most common Met-S components were high fasting blood sugar (63.6%) followed by high blood pressure (systolic and diastolic, 63.3% and 37.3% respectively) and high body mass index (57.5%). The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes were found to be 55.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 19.3% and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in 11.7% of subjects. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of Met-S in young adults of Saudi Arabia. There is a need for regular monitoring of Met-S in young populations to keep them healthy and fit for nation building. It is also important to design and launch community-based programs for educating people about the importance of physical activity, cessation of smoking and eating healthy diet in prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoud Abdullah Al-Shehri
- Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Khazim Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghaleb Bin Horaib
- Dermatology Department, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Al-Buraidi
- Department of ENT, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ali Al-Sharif
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11175, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Ghander Kadasah
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saud Al-Omani
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez S. Mohammed
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dhahran 34315, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajamohamed Abbasmanthiri
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Nasreddien Mohammed Osman
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
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Alhothali GT, Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM, Aljefree NM. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Dietary Choices as Determinants of Climate Change Understanding and Concern in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010605. [PMID: 34682350 PMCID: PMC8535203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Climate change poses a global threat to public health. This study investigated the understanding of, and concern over, climate change in Saudi Arabia and examined the associations with sociodemographic characteristics and dietary choices. This cross-sectional study consisted of 280 participants recruited via an online survey. Of the study participants, 45% demonstrated a sufficient understanding of climate change, and 56% were highly concerned about climate change. Male sex, medium-high monthly income, high education, and governmental employees were determinants of sufficient understanding of and great concern over climate change. Participants who exhibited a high understanding of climate change score demonstrated significantly higher consumption of vegetables (3.47 ± 0.98) and vegetable oils (3.26 ± 1.07) than participants with a low understanding score (3.31 ± 0.96 and 3.00 ± 1.01, respectively) (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, participants with higher concern of climate change scores exhibited lower consumption of red meat (p = 0.0001), poultry (p = 0.003), margarine (p = 0.02), and soy products (p = 0.04). The study revealed a poor understanding of, but great concern over, climate change. The intake of non-climate-friendly food was typically higher than that of climate-friendly food. These findings are critical for developing strategies to enhance awareness of climate change and encourage people to consume climate-friendly food to mitigate climate change and improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Talat Alhothali
- Department of Marketing, College of Business, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 3795, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Noha M. Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (I.M.S.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Israa M. Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (I.M.S.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Najlaa M. Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (I.M.S.); (N.M.A.)
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AbuAlUla NA, Elshatarat RA, Yacoub MI, Elhefnawy KA, Aljohani MS, Saleh ZT, Abu Raddaha AH. Relationship between Physiological Health Status, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in Two Arab Countries. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874192402115010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
Identify the relationships among participants’ lifestyle and their perceptions toward physiological health status.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional research study. A convenience sampling was used to recruit 480 adult clients from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
Results:
The majority of the participants (48.8%) rated their physiological health status as sub-optimal health. Significant positive associations were found between participants’ perceptions about physiological health status as ‘healthy’ and their positive lifestyle and low-risk behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Specifically, the associations were between not being smoker (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.04), practicing physical activity (χ2 = 60.9, p < 0.001), eating ≥ 5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily (χ2 = 8.33, p = 0.004), and being normal/under-weight (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Perception about poor/sub-optimal physical health status is associated with many CVD risk factors. Using a brief screening tool to assess physical health status is recommended at each clinic visit. In addition, periodic physical assessment, full check-up, and follow-up with healthcare providers are highly suggested for those who perceived their physical health status as “poor” to prevent further CVD. Health education is pressingly recommended to improve the awareness of these Arab communities toward the prevention of CVD risk factors and enhancement of positive lifestyle behaviors.
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Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM. Association of two types of dietary pattern scores with cardiovascular disease risk factors and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5481. [PMID: 34262414 PMCID: PMC8254461 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main cause of mortality and disability worldwide. One of the key factors in the soaring prevalence of CVD globally has been nutrition transitions and changes in dietary patterns. Objective This study investigated the association between two diet scores, namely, a high-fat dietary (HFD) pattern score and a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) score, and CVD risk factors (obesity, hypertension, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Methods Three hundred twenty-one participants were included in this study. Fasting blood tests were collected from all participants for biochemical measurements. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were also taken. A validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on participants’ dietary intake. Dietary scores for the HFD pattern were calculated based on recommended food groups. MedDiet scores were calculated based on a previously validated method that contains 14 questions related to MedDiet. Both diet scores were classified into tertiles. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the statistical significance of the tertile groups. Result A significant association was found between HFD score and obesity when comparing the lowest tertile (27.3±4.6 kg/m2) of HFD scores with the medium tertile (29.2±5.7 kg/m2; P = 0.02). A higher HFD score was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.02). In addition, a significant association was observed between MedDiet scores and 25(OH)D levels, with an increase in MedDiet score resulting in an increase in 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.01). Furthermore, a significant negative association between MedDiet scores and low-density lipoprotein levels was reported only in participants with CVD (P = 0.03). Conclusion The results of this study revealed that HFD and MedDiet scores might have a role in the development of CVD and vitamin D deficiency among the Saudi Arabian population. Further studies are required using diet scores to assess the quality of dietary patterns and their association with an increased risk of diseases in Saudi Arabians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa M Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sadeghi M, Rahiminam H, Amerizadeh A, Masoumi G, Heidari R, Shahabi J, Mansouri M, Roohafza H. Prevalence of Return to Work in Cardiovascular Patients After Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:100876. [PMID: 34034921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on the prevalence of return to work (RTW) in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) patients. CR plays a very important role in the management of CVDs and improves the patients' physical activity, quality of life, and a decrease in the cost of healthcare. RTW is the most important goal in the rehabilitation of CVD patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched systematically from inception up to January 2021 for English published clinical trials and observational studies. In total, 16 studies were analyzed, of them, 8 were controlled studies. Pooled results showed that the mean age of patients was 52.30 (50.04, 54.57). The prevalence of RTW in the CR attending group was 66% (60%, 71%) and in the control group was 58% (47%, 68%). Subgroup analysis showed that the proportion of RTW was higher in white-collars 76% (73%-79%) compared to. blue-collars 63% (56%-70%). Out-patient CR with 72% (61%-81%) RTW was more effective compared to in-patient CR with 62% (44%- 78%) and usual care (control). It can be concluded that CR especially out-patient CR increases the prevalence of RTW but not much. Improved and appropriate CR programs related to each individual's disease and patient condition which follow the valid guidelines might help to increase the effectiveness of CR in terms of RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hadis Rahiminam
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Masoumi
- Anesthesiology Department, Chamran Cardiovascular Medical and Research Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heidari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Shahabi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Mansouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mousa M, Al-Jefout M, Alsafar H, Kirtley S, Lindgren CM, Missmer SA, Becker CM, Zondervan KT, Rahmioglu N. Prevalence of Common Gynecological Conditions in the Middle East: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:661360. [PMID: 36304010 PMCID: PMC9580651 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.661360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High prevalence of gynecological conditions in women of Middle Eastern origin is reported, likely due to regional risk factors and mediators. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis in women of Middle Eastern origin. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, and Google Scholar databases were searched from database inception until 14 February 2021 to identify relevant studies. Peer-reviewed research articles that reported the prevalence of PCOS, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis in the Middle Eastern population were written in English or Arabic. The primary outcome was the estimated pooled prevalence of PCOS, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis in the Middle Eastern populations. The secondary outcome was to assess the evidence in the data for the presence of heterogeneity, by conducting subtype-pooled analysis of prevalence estimates of the conditions. Total weighted prevalence was calculated via Freeman-Tukey arcsine transformation and heterogeneity through the I 2 statistic. Quality control was performed using GRADE criteria. Results: A total of 47 studies, 26 on PCOS, 12 on endometriosis, eight on uterine fibroids, and seven on adenomyosis, were included. The pooled prevalence of PCOS diagnosed according to the NIH criteria was 8.9% (95% CI: 6.5-11.7; prevalence range: 4.0-27.6%), with a higher prevalence from the Gulf Arab states (18.8%, 95% CI: 9.5-30.3; range: 12.1-27.6%). According to the Rotterdam criteria, the pooled prevalence of PCOS was 11.9% (95% CI: 7.1-17.7; range: 3.4-19.9%) with studies limited to the Persian and Levant regions. Endometriosis was diagnosed in 12.9% (95% CI: 4.2-25.4; range: 4.2-21.0%) of women undergoing laparoscopy, for any indication. Uterine fibroid and adenomyosis prevalence of women was 30.6% (95% CI: 24.9-36.7; range: 18.5-42.6%) and 30.8% (95% CI: 27.1-34.6, range: 25.6-37.7%), respectively. Heterogeneity was present between studies due to statistical and methodological inconsistencies between studies, and quality of evidence was low due to sample size and unrepresentative participant selection. Conclusion: This is the first review that has reported the prevalence of gynecological diseases in the Middle Eastern population, suggesting that gynecological morbidity is a public health concern. Due to the health disparities in women, further research is required to understand the relative roles of environmental and genetic factors in the region to serve as a benchmark for evaluation and comparative purposes with other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mousa
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Moamar Al-Jefout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology No. 1. Moscow, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shona Kirtley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (C.M.L.), Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Christian M. Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T. Zondervan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Fathala AL, Alkulaybi S, Khawaji A, Alomari A, Almuhaideb A. The association between low bone mineral density and coronary artery calcification in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:101-108. [PMID: 33818146 PMCID: PMC8020646 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are major health-care concerns worldwide. The evidence is contradictory on whether a relationship exists between low bone mineral density (BMD) determined by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA scan) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured by computed tomography. Currently, there are no data on patients from Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between CAC and BMD in both genders and study the influence of traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors and osteoporosis. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical. SETTING Single tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched radiology databases for patients who underwent both DXA and CAC score scanning within six months of each other. The inclusion criterion was an absence of any history of CAD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Association between osteoporosis and CAC. SAMPLE SIZE 195 (34 osteoporosic, 161 normal BMD or osteopenic) RESULTS: Most of the study population (57.4%) were females. The mean age of all patients was 63.6 (10.1) years. Participants with CAC scores of 0 were significantly younger than those who had CAC scores >0. The presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia was higher in patients with CAC scores >0. CAC score and other CAD risk factors were not significantly different between the osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic groups, except for body mass index. A high CAC score (>100) was present in 28%, 20%, 11%, and 30% of participants with no osteoporosis, osteoporosis of the lumbar spine, osteoporosis of the femoral neck, and participants with osteoporosis of both the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively (P=.762), suggesting there is no association between CAC and the presence of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis is not associated with higher CAC scores in Saudi Arabia and CAD risk factors are not significantly prevalent in osteoporosis. It appears that CAC and osteoporosis are independent age-related diseases that share common risk factors. LIMITATIONS Single-center, retrospective. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed L Fathala
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alkulaybi
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Khawaji
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghafour Alomari
- From the Department of Family Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almuhaideb
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng K, Alhumood K, El Shaer F, De Silva R. The Role of Nicorandil in the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes in the Gulf Region. Adv Ther 2021; 38:925-948. [PMID: 33351175 PMCID: PMC7889547 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and stable angina are a growing clinical burden worldwide. This is of particular concern in the Gulf region given its high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus and smoking. Despite recommendations on the use of first- and second-line anti-anginal medication, management challenges remain. Current guidelines for pharmacologic treatment are not determined by the range of pathophysiological mechanisms of ischaemia and consequent angina, which may occur either in isolation or co-exist. In this article, we highlight the need to improve knowledge of the epidemiology of chronic coronary syndromes in the Middle East and Gulf region, and the need for studies of stratified pharmacologic approaches to improve symptomatic angina and quality of life in the large and growing number of patients with coronary artery disease from this region. We discuss the role of nicorandil, currently recommended as a second-line anti-anginal drug in CCS patients, and suggest that this may be a particularly useful add-on therapy for patients in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cheng
- Specialist Angina Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Science Department, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Fayez El Shaer
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Heart Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ranil De Silva
- Specialist Angina Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Vascular Science Department, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK.
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50
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Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Cardiovascular Disease among Patients with Diabetes: The Current Scenario in Saudi Arabia. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:180-185. [PMID: 32459609 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200527135512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the well-recognized conditions linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Those affected by DM face greater risk for early onset of CVD. Although huge strides have been made in cardiovascular therapy and prevention, with striking results in decreasing diabetesrelated coronary mortality in developed countries, the morbidity and mortality due to CVD continue to remain high among patients with diabetes. While there is an increasing incidence of cardiovascular event survivors with DM across the world, the number of DM patients with higher cardiovascular risk is predicted to soar, presenting a massive challenge for health care systems globally, including Saudi Arabia. A report of the Saudi Scientific Diabetes Society indicates that more than 50% of patients with DM die due to cardiovascular causes. In fact, Saudi Arabia globally ranks among the top 10 countries in the prevalence of diabetes. However, the incidence of CVD and its risk factors among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia have not yet been well documented. This review aims to present an overview of CVD among patients with DM in Saudi Arabia, through a comprehensive review of currently available published literature. The findings indicate that diabetes linked CVD burden in Saudi Arabia is expected to exponentially increase to a very high degree unless a wide-ranging epidemic control program is initiated. The findings emphasize the need for maintenance of a healthy diet accompanied by exercise, an active lifestyle and weight control measures among the population. It is essential that the health care system focus on raising awareness among the population, and implement appropriate measures for prevention, early detection and suitable management of CVD among patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asirvatham Alwin Robert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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