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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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Dias TS, de Almeida Figueira A, Costa GA, da Cunha NC, Rossi DA, de Melo RT, de Almeida Pereira VL, de Aquino MHC. SVR-flaA typing of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry slaughterhouses in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1065-1073. [PMID: 37055624 PMCID: PMC10234967 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in C. jejuni, a recognized zoonotic pathogen, has increased worldwide. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the strain of C. jejuni isolated from broiler carcasses. Eighty C. jejuni isolates from broiler carcasses in southern Brazil were investigated for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin at minimal inhibitory concentrations. Mismatch amplification mutation assay-polymerase chain reaction (MAMA-PCR) was performed to detect substitutions of Thr-86-Ile, A2074C, and A2075G of domain V in the 23S rRNA. The presence of ermB gene and CmeABC operon were investigated by PCR. DNA sequencing was used to detect substitutions in the L4 and L22 proteins of the erythromycin-resistant strains. The Short Variable Region (SVR) of flaA was used to type all the strains resistant to both antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin resistance were detected in 81.25% and 30.00% of the strains, respectively, and minimal inhibitory concentration values ranged from ≤ 0.125 to 64 µg/mL for ciprofloxacin and 0.5 to > 128 µg/mL for erythromycin. The Thr-86-Ile mutation in gyrA was observed in 100% of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Mutations in both the A2074C and A2075G positions of 23S rRNA were observed in 62.5% of the erythromycin-resistant strains, while 37.5% had only the mutation A2075G. None of the strains harbored CmeABC operon, and ermB was not detected. Using DNA sequencing, the amino acid substitution T177S was detected in L4, and substitutions I65V, A103V, and S109A were detected in L22. Twelve flaA-SVR alleles were identified among the strains, with the most common SVR-flaA allele, type 287, covering 31.03% of ciprofloxacin- and erythromycin-resistant isolates. The present study revealed a high incidence and high levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, as well as broad molecular diversity in C. jejuni isolates from broiler carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Salles Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Arthur de Almeida Figueira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisllany Alves Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Costa da Cunha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Virginia Léo de Almeida Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Cosendey de Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Prevalence, drug resistance spectrum and virulence gene analysis of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler farms in central Shanxi, China. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102419. [PMID: 36599220 PMCID: PMC9823222 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study collected 324 chicken cloacal swabs from 6 broiler farms in 4 different areas in Shanxi Province, China (i.e., Lvliang, Taiyuan, Jinzhong, and Yangquan), and analyzed the antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes of the isolates to investigate the prevalence, drug resistance, and virulence gene data of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers. The population structure of C. jejuni and genetic evolutionary relationships among isolates from broiler farms in different regions were studied by using multilocus sequence typing. A total of 35 C. jejuni isolates with an infection rate of 10.8% (35/324) were obtained. The isolates were most resistant to ampicillin (85.7%) and were most sensitive to erythromycin (14.3%). Isolates with multidrug resistance accounted for 88.6% of the total isolates. In this experiment, 15 distinct sequence types were identified and included 9 new unique sequence types. cadF was present in all isolates, and ciaB had the lowest prevalence (51.4%). C. jejuni collected from broiler farms in central Shanxi had varied infection rates, and their overall positive rate was lower than of C. jejuni collected from other regions of the country. The isolates had high resistance to quinolones and β-lactams, and multidrug resistance was prevalent. The isolates were genotypically diverse and carried 5 virulence-associated genes at high rates. Therefore, the importance of source contamination control in broiler farms is emphasized and may have considerable effects on human and animal health.
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Erega A, Stefanic P, Danevčič T, Smole Možina S, Mandic Mulec I. Impact of Bacillus subtilis Antibiotic Bacilysin and Campylobacter jejuni Efflux Pumps on Pathogen Survival in Mixed Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0215622. [PMID: 35938811 PMCID: PMC9430781 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02156-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is typically found in an agricultural environment; in animals, such as birds, as an intestinal commensal; and also in food products, especially fresh poultry meat. Campylobacter interactions within mixed species biofilms are poorly understood, especially at the microscale. We have recently shown that the beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis reduces C. jejuni survival and biofilm formation in coculture by secreting the antibiotic bacillaene. We extend these studies here by providing evidence that besides bacillaene, the antagonistic effect of B. subtilis involves a nonribosomal peptide bacilysin and that the fully functional antagonism depends on the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator ComA. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we also show that secreted antibiotics influence the distribution of C. jejuni and B. subtilis cells in the submerged biofilm and decrease the thickness of the pathogen's biofilm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins of the efflux apparatus system (cmeF and cmeR), respectively, contribute to the survival of C. jejuni during interaction with B. subtilis PS-216. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a strong potential of B. subtilis PS-216 to reduce C. jejuni biofilm growth, which supports the application of the PS-216 strain to pathogen biofilm control. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent cause of foodborne infections worldwide, while Bacillus subtilis as a potential probiotic represents an alternative strategy to control this alimentary infection. However, only limited literature exists on the specific mechanisms that shape interactions between B. subtilis and C. jejuni in biofilms. This study shows that in the two species biofilms, B. subtilis produces two antibiotics, bacillaene and bacilysin, that inhibit C. jejuni growth. In addition, we provide the first evidence that specific pathogen efflux pumps contribute to the defense against B. subtilis attack. Specifically, the CmeDEF pump acts during the defense against bacilysin, while CmeR-dependent overexpression of CmeABC nullifies the bacillaene attack. The role of specific B. subtilis antibiotics and these polyspecific pumps, known for providing resistance against medically relevant antibiotics, has not been studied during bacterial competition in biofilms before. Hence, this work broadens our understanding of mechanisms that shape antagonisms and defense during probiotic-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Erega
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Stefanic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T. Danevčič
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I. Mandic Mulec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Microprocess Engineering and Technology/COMPETE, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Murawska M, Sypecka M, Bartosik J, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M, Sałamaszyńska-Guz A. Should We Consider Them as a Threat? Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Potential and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Varsovian Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070964. [PMID: 35884218 PMCID: PMC9311969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis seems to be a growing problem worldwide. Apart from the most common sources of numerous Campylobacter species, such as poultry and other farm animals, dogs may be an underrated reservoir of this pathogen. Our goal was to establish the frequency of occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and detection of chosen virulence factor genes in genomes of canine Campylobacter isolates. Campylobacter isolates frequency in dogs from shelters, and private origin was 13%. All of the tested virulence factor genes were found in 28 of 31 isolates. We determined high resistance levels to the ciprofloxacin and ampicillin and moderate tetracycline resistance. For C. jejuni shelter isolates, genetic diversity was also determined using PFGE. Our results indicate that dogs may be the reservoir of potentially diverse, potentially virulent, and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Murawska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Monika Sypecka
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Bartosik
- Division of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Sałamaszyńska-Guz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.-G.)
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Mota-Gutierrez J, Lis L, Lasagabaster A, Nafarrate I, Ferrocino I, Cocolin L, Rantsiou K. Campylobacter spp. prevalence and mitigation strategies in the broiler production chain. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wysok B, Sołtysiuk M, Stenzel T. Wildlife Waterfowl as a Source of Pathogenic Campylobacter Strains. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020113. [PMID: 35215056 PMCID: PMC8879909 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether free-living birds belonging to game species whose meat is used for human consumption can constitute a reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human infection. Methods: A total of 91 cloacal swabs were taken from different species of wildlife waterfowl to estimate the Campylobacter prevalence, the genetic diversity of the isolates, and the presence of virulence genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance. Results: The presence of Campylobacter spp. was confirmed in 32.9% of samples. Based on flaA-SVR sequencing, a total of 19 different alleles among the tested Campylobacter isolates were revealed. The virulence genes involved in adhesion were detected at high frequencies among Campylobacter isolates regardless of the host species. The highest resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. The resistance rates to erythromycin and tetracycline were observed at the same level. Conclusions: These results suggest that wildlife waterfowl belonging to game species may constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human disease. The high distribution of virulence-associated genes among wildlife waterfowl Campylobacter isolates make them potentially able to induce infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sołtysiuk
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-38-11
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Musthafa KS, Sirirak T, Paosen S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Antimicrobial effect of Eleutherine americana bulb extract on the growth of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler meat. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samrot AV, Abubakar Mohamed A, Faradjeva E, Si Jie L, Hooi Sze C, Arif A, Chuan Sean T, Norbert Michael E, Yeok Mun C, Xiao Qi N, Ling Mok P, Kumar SS. Mechanisms and Impact of Biofilms and Targeting of Biofilms Using Bioactive Compounds-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:839. [PMID: 34441045 PMCID: PMC8401077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date, numerous biofilm-forming microorganisms have been identified, which have been shown to result in major effects including biofouling and biofilm-related infections. Quorum sensing (which describes the cell communication within biofilms) plays a vital role in the regulation of biofilm formation and its virulence. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms responsible for biofilm resistance (including quorum sensing) will assist in developing strategies to inhibit and control the formation of biofilms in nature. Employing biological control measures (such as the use of bioactive compounds) in targeting biofilms is of great interest since they naturally possess antimicrobial activity among other favorable attributes and can also possibly act as potent antibiofilm agents. As an effort to re-establish the current notion and understanding of biofilms, the present review discuss the stages involved in biofilm formation, the factors contributing to its development, the effects of biofilms in various industries, and the use of various bioactive compounds and their strategies in biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Amira Abubakar Mohamed
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Etel Faradjeva
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Lee Si Jie
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chin Hooi Sze
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Akasha Arif
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Tan Chuan Sean
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Emmanuel Norbert Michael
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chua Yeok Mun
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Ng Xiao Qi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh S. Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Agharam Road Selaiyur, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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D’Angelantonio D, Scattolini S, Boni A, Neri D, Di Serafino G, Connerton P, Connerton I, Pomilio F, Di Giannatale E, Migliorati G, Aprea G. Bacteriophage Therapy to Reduce Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens before Slaughter. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081428. [PMID: 34452294 PMCID: PMC8402772 DOI: 10.3390/v13081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans. Campybacter jejuni is the main cause of the infection, and bacterial colonization in broiler chickens is widespread and difficult to prevent, leading to high risk of occurrence in broiler meat. Phage therapy represents an alternative strategy to control Campylobacter in poultry. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of two field-isolated bacteriophages against experimental infections with an anti-microbial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter jejuni strain. A two-step phage application was tested according to a specific combination between chickens’ rearing time and specific multiplicities of infections (MOIs), in order to reduce the Campylobacter load in the animals at slaughtering and to limit the development of phage-resistant mutants. In particular, 75 broilers were divided into three groups (A, B and C), and phages were administered to animals of groups B and C at day 38 (Φ 16-izsam) and 39 (Φ 7-izsam) at MOI 0.1 (group B) and 1 (group C). All broilers were euthanized at day 40, and Campylobacter jejuni was enumerated in cecal contents. Reductions in Campylobacter counts were statistically significant in both group B (1 log10 colony forming units (cfu)/gram (gr)) and group C (2 log10 cfu/gr), compared to the control group. Our findings provide evidence about the ability of phage therapy to reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry before slaughtering, also associated with anti-microbial resistance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Angelantonio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Boni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Diana Neri
- Local Health Unit of Ferrara (USL Ferrara), 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Philippa Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Ian Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-33-2-469
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Bacillaene Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0295520. [PMID: 33837012 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02955-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the predominant bacterial lifestyle and can protect microorganisms from environmental stresses. Multispecies biofilms can affect the survival of enteric pathogens that contaminate food products, and thus, investigating the underlying mechanisms of multispecies biofilms is essential for food safety and human health. In this study, we investigated the ability of the natural isolate Bacillus subtilis PS-216 to restrain Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces as well as to disrupt preestablished C. jejuni biofilms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony counts, we demonstrate that the presence of B. subtilis PS-216 prevents C. jejuni biofilm formation, decreases growth of the pathogen by 4.2 log10, and disperses 26-h-old preestablished C. jejuni biofilms. Furthermore, the coinoculation of B. subtilis and C. jejuni interferes with the adhesion of C. jejuni to abiotic surfaces, reducing it by 2.4 log10. We also show that contact-independent mechanisms contribute to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216 on C. jejuni biofilm. Using B. subtilis mutants in genes coding for nonribosomal peptides and polyketides revealed that bacillaene significantly contributes to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216. In summary, we show a strong potential for the use of B. subtilis PS-216 against C. jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Our research could bring forward novel applications of B. subtilis in animal production and thus contribute to food safety. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is an intestinal commensal in animals (including broiler chickens) but also the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne infection in humans. This pathogen forms biofilms which enhance survival of C. jejuni in food processing and thus threaten human health. Probiotic bacteria represent a potential alternative in the prevention and control of foodborne infections. The beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis has an excellent probiotic potential to reduce C. jejuni in the animal gastrointestinal tract. However, data on the effect of B. subtilis on C. jejuni biofilms are scarce. Our study shows that the B. subtilis natural isolate PS-216 prevents adhesion to the abiotic surfaces and the development of submerged C. jejuni biofilm during coculture and destroys the preestablished C. jejuni biofilm. These insights are important for development of novel applications of B. subtilis that will reduce the use of antibiotics in human and animal health and increase productivity in animal breeding.
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Deng W, Dittoe DK, Pavilidis HO, Chaney WE, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Current Perspectives and Potential of Probiotics to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583429. [PMID: 33414767 PMCID: PMC7782433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry has been one of the major contributors of Campylobacter related human foodborne illness. Numerous interventions have been applied to limit Campylobacter colonization in poultry at the farm level, but other strategies are under investigation to achieve more efficient control. Probiotics are viable microbial cultures that can establish in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the host animal and elicit health and nutrition benefits. In addition, the early establishment of probiotics in the GIT can serve as a barrier to foodborne pathogen colonization. Thus, probiotics are a potential feed additive for reducing and eliminating the colonization of Campylobacter in the GIT of poultry. Screening probiotic candidates is laborious and time-consuming, requiring several tests and validations both in vitro and in vivo. The selected probiotic candidate should possess the desired physiological characteristics and anti-Campylobacter effects. Probiotics that limit Campylobacter colonization in the GIT rely on different mechanistic strategies such as competitive exclusion, antagonism, and immunomodulation. Although numerous research efforts have been made, the application of Campylobacter limiting probiotics used in poultry remains somewhat elusive. This review summarizes current research progress on identifying and developing probiotics against Campylobacter and presenting possible directions for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dana K. Dittoe
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Rivera-Gomis J, Marín P, Otal J, Galecio JS, Martínez-Conesa C, Cubero MJ. Resistance patterns to C and D antibiotic categories for veterinary use of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. commensal isolates from laying hen farms in Spain during 2018. Prev Vet Med 2020; 186:105222. [PMID: 33316583 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out on laying hens. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. Samples were collected from 39 laying hen farms. The microorganisms of interest were isolated and confirmed by PCR. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to antimicrobials of C and D categories were determined. 195 E. coli, 195 Enterococcus spp. and 25 Campylobacter spp. isolates were obtained. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to D category antimicrobials (sulfamethoxazole 76.41 %, tetracycline 62.05 %, trimethoprim 50.77 %, ampicillin 30.77 %) and lower resistance to C category (azithromycin 30.26 %, gentamicin 12.31 %, chloramphenicol 4.62 %). A 10.26 % of E. coli isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) to 3 antimicrobial families was found in 23.08 % of the isolates and 13.85 % were MDR to 4 families, being Erythromycin-Sulfamethoxazole-Tetracycline the most common resistance profile (10.77 %). Enterococcus spp. showed very high resistance to D category tetracycline (78.47 %) and C category erythromycin (76.42 %). The 11.79 % of Enterococcus spp. isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials and 53.33 % were resistant to 2 families, being Erythromycin-Tetracycline the most common AMR profile (51.79 %). Regarding Campylobacter spp., resistance to tetracycline (48 %) was higher than resistance to C category antimicrobials (erythromycin 28 %, streptomycin 24 %, gentamicin 16 %). There was a 52 % sensitivity to all tested antimicrobials and 24 % showed MDR to aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines (Gentamicin-Streptomycin-Erythromycin-Tetracycline MDR profile). Novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain was provided. High resistance to several antimicrobials was found, especially to key drugs for the treatment of zoonosis, which represents a public health risk. Better surveillance and careful regulation of antimicrobial use is required in laying hen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Marín
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Otal
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Sebastián Galecio
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá EC 170157, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Martínez-Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture. Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), 30150 Alberca de Las Torres, Murcia, Spain
| | - María José Cubero
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Active Packaging of Immobilized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Controls Campylobacter jejuni in Raw Chicken Meat. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01195-20. [PMID: 32887715 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01195-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are regarded as a safe and stable antimicrobial that can inactivate bacteria by several potential working mechanisms. We aimed to incorporate ZnO NPs into packaging material to control Campylobacter in raw chicken meat. ZnO NPs were first incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) paper tubes to identify the lethal concentration against Campylobacter jejuni, which was selected as the working concentration to develop 2D functionalized absorbing pads by an ultrasound-assisted dipping technique. The functionalized pad was placed underneath raw chicken meat to inactivate C. jejuni and the predominant chicken microbiota at 4°C within 8 days of storage. Immobilized ZnO NPs at 0.856 mg/cm2 reduced C. jejuni from ∼4 log CFU/25 g raw chicken meat to an undetectable level after 3 days of storage. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy showed that the Zn level increased from 0.02 to 0.17 mg/cm2 in treated raw chicken meat. Scanning electron microscopy validated the absence of nanoparticle migration onto raw chicken meat after treatment. Inactivation of C. jejuni was associated with the increase of lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus in raw chicken meat in a pH-dependent manner. Less than 5% of Zn2+ was released from ZnO NPs at neutral pH, while up to 88% was released when the pH was <3.5 within 2 days. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis demonstrated a broad effect of ZnO NPs on genes involved in various cellular developmental processes as annotated by gene ontology. Taken together, the results indicate that functionalized absorbing pads inactivated C. jejuni in raw chicken meat by immobilized ZnO NPs along with the controllable released Zn2+ IMPORTANCE Prevalence of Campylobacter in raw poultry remains a major food microbiological safety challenge. Novel mitigation strategies are required to ensure the safety and quality of poultry products. Active food packaging can control pathogens without directly adding antimicrobials into the food matrix and extend the food's shelf life. The functionalized absorbing pad with ZnO NPs developed in this study was able to inactivate C. jejuni in raw chicken meat and keep the meat free from C. jejuni contamination during shelf life without any observed migration of nanoparticles. The controllable conversion of immobilized ZnO NPs to free Zn2+ makes this approach safe and eco-friendly and paves the way for developing a novel intervention strategy for other high-risk foods. Our study applied nanotechnology to exploit an effective approach for Campylobacter control in raw chicken meat products.
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Kivistö R. Pathogenicity of Campylobacter strains of poultry and human origin from Poland. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108830. [PMID: 32841810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenic markers associated with Campylobacter infection in humans. A total of 104 Campylobacter isolates obtained from poultry and humans were examined for the presence of nine virulence genes and their ability to adhere to, invade and produce cytotoxin were defined using HeLa cells. The diversity of the Campylobacter spp. isolates was studied based on sequencing of the SVR-region of flaA gene. Altogether 45 flaA-SVR alleles were identified among 104 Campylobacter isolates of poultry and human origin. All Campylobacter isolates possessed flaA, cadF and racR genes involved in adherence. Accordingly, all poultry and human isolates exhibited adherence towards HeLa cells at mean levels of 0.95% and 0.82% of starting viable inoculum, respectively. The genes involved in invasion (iam and pldA) and cytotoxin production (cdtA, cdtB and cdtC) were also widely distributed among the human and poultry Campylobacter isolates. Significantly higher invasiveness was observed for poultry isolates (mean level of 0.002% of starting bacterial inoculum) compared to human isolates (0.0005%). Interestingly the iam gene, associated with invasion, was more common in human (100%) than poultry (84%) isolates, and the poultry isolates lacking the iam gene showed a marked reduction in their ability to invade HeLa cells. Moreover, virB11 was present in 22% of the poultry and 70.4% of the human isolates. Strains lacking virB11 showed a slight reduction in invasion, however in the absence of iam even the poultry isolates containing virB11 were unable to invade HeLa cells. The mean cytotoxicity of Campylobacter isolates from poultry and human was 26.7% and 38.7%, respectively. Strains missing both the cdtB and cdtC genes were non-cytotoxic compared to strains containing all three cdtABC genes, which were the most cytotoxic among the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from both sources. No cytotoxic effect was observed in only 4% of poultry and 5.6% of human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtacka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Frazão MR, de Souza RA, Medeiros MIC, da Silva Duque S, Cao G, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Molecular typing of Campylobacter jejuni strains: comparison among four different techniques. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:519-525. [PMID: 31872391 PMCID: PMC7203312 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the ability of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), flaA small variable region (SVR) sequencing, analysis of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats locus by high resolution melting analysis (CRISPR-HRMA), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for typing 111 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from diverse sources during 20 years in Brazil. For this, we used previous results obtained by PFGE and flaA-SVR sequencing from our research group and performed CRISPR-HRMA and MLST typing for the first time. Furthermore, the discrimination index (DI) of each method was accessed. The DI for PFGE, flaA-SVR sequencing, CRISPR-HRMA, and MLST was 0.980, 0.932, 0.868, and 0.931, respectively. By PFGE and flaA-SVR sequencing, some strains from clinical and non-clinical sources and from humans and animals presented ≥ 80% similarity. Similarly, some strains from different origins presented the same ST and CRISPR-HRMA types. In conclusion, despite the different DI values, all assays provided the same epidemiological information suggesting that a potential transmission may have occurred between C. jejuni from clinical and non-clinical sources and from animals and humans in Brazil. Furthermore it was demonstrated the suitability of PFGE that should be used preferably together with MLST and/or flaA-SVR sequencing for typing C. jejuni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miliane Rodrigues Frazão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Av. do Café, s/n°- Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Roberto Antonio de Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Av. do Café, s/n°- Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | | | - Sheila da Silva Duque
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900 Brazil
| | - Guojie Cao
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regular Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Marc William Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regular Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Av. do Café, s/n°- Campus Universitário USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
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Żbikowska K, Michalczuk M, Dolka B. The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E872. [PMID: 32443410 PMCID: PMC7278383 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists' interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Żbikowska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Ż.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Michalczuk
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Ż.); (M.M.)
| | - Beata Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Prevalence, genotypic diversity and detection of virulence genes in thermotolerant Campylobacter at different stages of the poultry meat supply chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 326:108641. [PMID: 32371295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. The objectives of this study were to estimate prevalence and to identify and characterize potential sources of thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination in broilers on farms and at the slaughterhouse; to evaluate the clonal relationship among thermotolerant Campylobacter isolates from different stages of the broiler meat supply chain, and to analyze the presence of virulence genes in different sources of thermotolerant Campylobacter. A total of 1210 samples were collected from three broiler meat supply chains in Santa Fe, Argentina. At the farms, the sampling collection included broilers one week prior to slaughter, wild-living birds, domestic dogs, wild rodents, farm workers' boots, litter, feed, drinking water, flies, and darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus). At the slaughtering line, the samples taken were from the evisceration zone (broiler cecum, working surfaces, evisceration knives and workers' hands), from the chiller zone (surfaces and direct supply water) and from the packing zone (work surfaces, workers' hands and broiler carcasses). The samples taken along each supply chain were in the same batch. The isolates obtained were identified to the species level (C. jejuni and C. coli) by multiplex PCR and were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare different profiles according to the source. Finally, the presence of 11 virulence genes was examined (cadF, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, ciaB, flaA, flhA, iam, wlaN, virB11, racR). From 254 isolates, 128 (50.4%) were Campylobacter jejuni and 126 (49.6%) Campylobacter coli. C. jejuni was the species most prevalent in farm and C. coli the species most prevalent at the slaughterhouse. We detected thermotolerant Campylobacter in samples of wild birds, darkling beetles, farm workers' boots, flies and litter. At the slaughterhouse, the prevalence varied along the process line. By analyzing PFGE results, C. jejuni showed 21 profiles with three predominant genotypes, while C. coli showed 14 profiles with four predominant genotypes. A high genotype diversity was found; however, relationships between isolates from different stages of the broiler meat chain, between broiler and potential sources of thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination and between strains in the farm and in the slaughterhouse were detected. Furthermore, there was evidence of cross-contamination at the slaughterhouse. FlaA, flhA genes were detected in all strains, and the third most prevalent virulence gene was cadF. Only those strains obtained from flies, wild-living birds and broiler carcass samples harbored 10 of 11 pathogenic genes. The prevalence of some pathogenic genes between C. jejuni and C. coli was different. This evidence should contribute the scientific basis to implement risk management measures in public health.
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Phosphate Transporter PstSCAB of Campylobacter jejuni Is a Critical Determinant of Lactate-Dependent Growth and Colonization in Chickens. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00716-19. [PMID: 31932316 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00716-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide and is transmitted primarily through poultry, in which it is often a commensal member of the intestinal microbiota. Previous transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiment showed that transcripts from an operon encoding a high-affinity phosphate transporter (PstSCAB) of C. jejuni were among the most abundant when the bacterium was grown in chickens. Elevated levels of the pstSCAB mRNA were also identified in an RNA-Seq experiment from human infection studies. In this study, we explore the role of PstSCAB in the biology and colonization potential of C. jejuni Our results demonstrate that cells lacking PstSCAB survive poorly in stationary phase, in nutrient-limiting media, and under osmotic conditions reflective of those in the chicken. Polyphosphate levels in the mutant cells were elevated at stationary phase, consistent with alterations in expression of polyphosphate metabolism genes. The mutant strain was highly attenuated for colonization of newly hatched chicks, with levels of bacteria at several orders of magnitude below wild-type levels. Mutant and wild type grew similarly in complex media, but the pstS::kan mutant exhibited a significant growth defect in minimal medium supplemented with l-lactate, postulated as a carbon source in vivo Poor growth in lactate correlated with diminished expression of acetogenesis pathway genes previously demonstrated as important for colonizing chickens. The phosphate transport system is thus essential for diverse aspects of C. jejuni physiology and in vivo fitness and survival.IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni causes millions of human gastrointestinal infections annually, with poultry a major source of infection. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistance in C. jejuni, there is need to identify alternative ways to control this pathogen. Genes encoding the high-affinity phosphate transporter PstSCAB are highly expressed by C. jejuni in chickens and humans. In this study, we address the role of PstSCAB on chicken colonization and other C. jejuni phenotypes. PstSCAB is required for colonization in chicken, metabolism and survival under different stress responses, and during growth on lactate, a potential growth substrate in chickens. Our study highlights that PstSCAB may be an effective target to develop mechanisms for controlling bacterial burden in both chicken and human.
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Iannetti L, Neri D, Santarelli GA, Cotturone G, Podaliri Vulpiani M, Salini R, Antoci S, Di Serafino G, Di Giannatale E, Pomilio F, Messori S. Animal welfare and microbiological safety of poultry meat: Impact of different at-farm animal welfare levels on at-slaughterhouse Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Genotyping, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp.isolated during two seasonal periods in Spanish poultry farms. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104935. [PMID: 32109783 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading causes of bacterial human gastroenteritis worldwide; being poultry farms the main source of infections. In order to obtain information on prevalence and diversity of Campylobacter-infected flocks in the North of Spain, fourteen farms were studied between autumn and spring in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Moreover, virulence genes involved in pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance were investigated. A survey about preventive hygiene practices at farms was performed to determine the risky practices that could contribute to the presence of Campylobacter in this step of the poultry food chain. Testing the presence of Campylobacter spp. showed 43 % of the farms were positive during autumn, whereas only 31 % were positive in spring. A very high prevalence within-flock was observed (43.1 % to 88.6 %) and C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in both periods. Genotyping by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a high heterogeneity among farms (309 isolates clustered into 21 pulsotypes). Virulence genes were present in all C. jejuni isolates while cdtA and cdtC were absent in C. coli. On the contrary, the latter showed higher antimicrobial resistance than C. jejuni. This study suggests that environment might be one of the main sources for Campylobacter transmission, as water supply seemed to be a clear cause of the contamination in a specific farm. However, in other farms other environmental factors contributed to the contamination, confirming the multifactorial origin of Campylobacter colonization in broilers. Therefore, biosecurity measures in farms are crucial to reduce Campylobacter contamination, which may have important implications for human and animal health.
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Ushanov L, Lasareishvili B, Janashia I, Zautner AE. Application of Campylobacter jejuni Phages: Challenges and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E279. [PMID: 32054081 PMCID: PMC7070343 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant and diverse biological entities in the biosphere. Due to the rise of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains during the past decade, phages are currently experiencing a renewed interest. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are being actively researched for their potential in the medical and biotechnology fields. Phage applications targeting pathogenic food-borne bacteria are currently being utilized for decontamination and therapy of live farm animals and as a biocontrol measure at the post-harvest level. For this indication, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several phage products targeting Listeria sp., Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Phage-based applications against Campylobacter jejuni could potentially be used in ways similar to those against Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp.; however, only very few Campylobacter phage products have been approved anywhere to date. The research on Campylobacter phages conducted thus far indicates that highly diverse subpopulations of C. jejuni as well as phage isolation and enrichment procedures influence the specificity and efficacy of Campylobacter phages. This review paper emphasizes conclusions from previous findings instrumental in facilitating isolation of Campylobacter phages and improving specificity and efficacy of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Ushanov
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Besarion Lasareishvili
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Irakli Janashia
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Di Giannatale E, Calistri P, Di Donato G, Decastelli L, Goffredo E, Adriano D, Mancini ME, Galleggiante A, Neri D, Antoci S, Marfoglia C, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, Migliorati G. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in chicken and bovine meat in Italy: Prevalence, level of contamination and molecular characterization of isolates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225957. [PMID: 31809529 PMCID: PMC6897410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are common foodborne pathogens associated with cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. A detailed understanding of the prevalence, contamination levels and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter spp. in cattle and chicken, which are likely the most important sources of human contamination, is imperative. A collection of 1243 poultry meat samples (665 chicken breasts and 578 chicken thighs) and 1203 bovine meat samples (689 hamburgers and 514 knife-cut meat preparations) were collected at retail outlets, in randomly selected supermarkets located in different Italian regions during one year. Of these samples, 17.38% of the poultry meat and 0.58% of the bovine meat samples tested positive for Campylobacter, of which 131 were Campylobacter jejuni (57.96%) and 95 were Campylobacter coli (42.03%). Campylobacter isolates were genotyped with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity, population structure, source distribution and Campylobacter transmission route to humans. All isolates were molecularly characterized by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and further genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fla-SVR sequencing to gain better insight into the population structure. Antibiotic resistance was also investigate. The highest levels of resistance among chicken strains were observed for ciprofloxacin (88.25%), nalidixic acid (81.45%) and tetracycline (75.6%). PFGE analysis revealed 73 pulsotypes for C. jejuni and 54 pulsotypes for C. coli, demonstrating the existance of different and specific clones circulating in Italy. MLST of C.jejuni isolates mainly clustered in the CC353, CC354, CC21, CC206 and CC443; while C.coli isolates clustered only in CC828. The most common flaA alleles were 287 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Our study confirms that poultry meat is the main source of Campylobacteriosis, whereas red meat had a low level of contamination suggesting a minor role in transmission. The high presence of Campylobacter in retail chicken meat, paired with its increased resistance to antimicrobials with several multidrug resistance profiles detected, is alarming and represents a persistent threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
- Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Goffredo
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriano
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Mancini
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Galleggiante
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Neri
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antoci
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Cristina Marfoglia
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Migliorati
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
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Marotta F, Garofolo G, di Marcantonio L, Di Serafino G, Neri D, Romantini R, Sacchini L, Alessiani A, Di Donato G, Nuvoloni R, Janowicz A, Di Giannatale E. Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Italy from humans, birds from wild and urban habitats, and poultry. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223804. [PMID: 31603950 PMCID: PMC6788699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a common foodborne zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis worldwide and is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes of C. jejuni isolated from humans, poultry and birds from wild and urban Italian habitats to identify correlations between phenotypic and genotypic AMR in the isolates. Altogether, 644 C. jejuni isolates from humans (51), poultry (526) and wild- and urban-habitat birds (67) were analysed. The resistance phenotypes of the isolates were determined using the microdilution method with EUCAST breakpoints, and AMR-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from a publicly available database. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that C. jejuni isolates from poultry and humans were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (85.55% and 76.47%, respectively), nalidixic acid (75.48% and 74.51%, respectively) and tetracycline (67.87% and 49.02%, respectively). Fewer isolates from the wild- and urban-habitat birds were resistant to tetracycline (19.40%), fluoroquinolones (13.43%), and quinolone and streptomycin (10.45%). We retrieved seven AMR genes (tet (O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184) and gyrA-associated point mutations. Two major B-lactam genes called blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184 were prevalent at 62.93% and 82.08% in the poultry and the other bird groups, respectively. Strong correlations between genotypic and phenotypic resistance were found for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline. Compared with the farmed chickens, the incidence of AMR in the C. jejuni isolates from the other bird groups was low, confirming that the food-production birds are much more exposed to antimicrobials. The improper and overuse of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has resulted in an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly fluoroquinolone resistant ones. Better understanding of the AMR mechanisms in C. jejuni is necessary to develop new strategies for improving AMR programs and provide the most appropriate therapies to human and veterinary populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa di Marcantonio
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Serafino
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Diana Neri
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Romina Romantini
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lorena Sacchini
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Nuvoloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Janowicz
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
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25
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Typing of Thermophilic Campylobacter Spp. in a Greek Poultry Slaughterhouse. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of its transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses, the environment, and processing equipment of a poultry slaughterhouse in Greece, to identify the dominant Campylobacter species and to determine if there are clonal relationships among the isolates. Fifty poultry samples and 25 environmental samples were examined using microbial cultures and PCR. Forty-nine of 50 poultry samples (98%) were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. The environment of the slaughterhouse was also found to be significantly contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Thirty-seven isolates were found to be susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (56.1%) and 29 isolates showed resistance to at least two of the antimicrobials tested (43.9%). We observed 24 different PFGE-types among the 53 isolates with 14 of them isolated only once, while five PFGE-types were represented by two isolates. The remaining 29 isolates were represented by five PFGE-types each consisting of three to 12 isolates. Regarding the relationship of the PFGE types and corresponding resistance profiles, all strains of each PFGE-type shared the same antimicrobial resistance profile. This study reports evidence for Campylobacter spp. cross-contamination among broiler carcasses in a Greek slaughterhouse.
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26
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Rukambile E, Sintchenko V, Muscatello G, Kock R, Alders R. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:562-578. [PMID: 31179637 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high-quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low- and middle-income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidius Rukambile
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Muscatello
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Alders
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, London, UK
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27
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Nishino Y, Shimojima Y, Suzuki Y, Ida M, Fukui R, Kuroda S, Hirai A, Sadamasu K. Detection of the mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:554-557. [PMID: 29052266 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan was investigated. Nine E. coli isolates (eight from chickens and one from pork) carried the mcr-1 gene on the plasmid. In six isolates from domestic chickens, mcr-1 was located on the IncI2 plasmid, which is approximately 60 kb in size. In the remaining three isolates from imported chicken and pork, mcr-1 was located on the IncX4 plasmid (30 kb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nishino
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukako Shimojima
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Miki Ida
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Rie Fukui
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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28
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García-Sánchez L, Melero B, Rovira J. Campylobacter in the Food Chain. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 86:215-252. [PMID: 30077223 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently Campylobacter is the most commonly reported zoonosis in developed and developing countries. In the European Union, the number of reported confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis was 246,307 in 2016, which represents 66.3 cases per 100,000 population. The genus Campylobacter includes 31 species with 10 subspecies. Within the genus Campylobacter, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli are most frequently associated with human illness. Mainly, the infection is sporadic and self-limiting, although some cases of outbreaks have been also reported and some complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome might appear sporadically. Although campylobacters are fastidious microaerophilic, unable to multiply outside the host and generally very sensitive, they can adapt and survive in the environment, exhibiting aerotolerance and resistance to starvation. Many mechanisms are involved in this, including pathogenicity, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistant pathways. This chapter reviews the sources, transmission routes, the mechanisms, and strategies used by Campylobacter to persist in the whole food chain, from farm to fork. Additionally, different strategies are recommended for application along the poultry food chain to avoid the public health risk associated with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Melero
- Biotechnology and Food Science Department, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Biotechnology and Food Science Department, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
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29
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A representative overview of the genetic diversity and lipooligosaccharide sialylation in Campylobacter jejuni along the broiler production chain in France and its comparison with human isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 274:20-30. [PMID: 29579648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and is associated with post-infectious neuropathies. Moreover, the chicken reservoir is described as the main source of human infection and C. jejuni sialylated lipooligosaccharides seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathies. In this study, MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Comparative Genomic Fingerprinting using 40 assay genes (CGF40) were used to describe C. jejuni populations within clinical isolates and a representative collection of isolates from French poultry production. In addition, the sialylation of C. jejuni LOS was assessed. Here, we report high levels of genetic diversity among both chicken and human disease C. jejuni populations. The predominance of the ST-21, ST-45, and ST-464 complexes in chicken isolates and of the ST-21, ST-206, and ST-48 complexes in the clinical isolates was observed as were correlations between some MLST and CGF40 genotypes. Furthermore, some C. jejuni genotypes were frequently isolated among clinical cases as well as all along the broiler production chain, suggesting a potentially high implication of chicken in human campylobacteriosis in France. Finally, the LOS classes A, B and C were predominant within clinical C. jejuni isolates supporting the hypothesis of a benefit in infectivity for C. jejuni isolates showing sialylated LOS.
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30
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Zeiger K, Popp J, Becker A, Hankel J, Visscher C, Klein G, Meemken D. Lauric acid as feed additive - An approach to reducing Campylobacter spp. in broiler meat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175693. [PMID: 28419122 PMCID: PMC5395180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Campylobacter spp. within broiler populations is a major problem for food safety and consumer protection worldwide. In vitro studies could already demonstrate that Campylobacter spp. are susceptible to lauric acid. The purpose of this study was to examine in vivo the influence of lauric acid as a feed additive on slaughter parameters, muscle fatty acid profile, meat quality traits and the reduction of Campylobacter coli in inoculated meat of Ross 308 (R308) and Hubbard JA 757 (HJA) broilers in three independent trials (n = 3). Although slaughter parameters did not show any significant differences, the fatty acid profile of both breeds revealed significantly higher lauric acid concentrations (P < 0.0001) in the Musculus pectoralis superficialis of treated broilers. Comparing both tested breeds, R308 test broilers had significantly higher lauric acid concentrations than HJA test broilers (P < 0.0001), indicating a higher conversion rate in those animals. The meat quality traits showed no differences in the R308 breed (P > 0.05), but HJA test broilers had higher values for drip loss, electrical conductivity, CIE color values L* and b*, and lower pH values. The inoculation trials of R308 showed that initial bacterial loads of 5.9 log10 cfu/g were reduced during six days of storage (4°C) to approximately 4.3 log10 cfu/g in the control groups compared to 3.5 log10 cfu/g in the treatment groups (P = 0.0295), which could be due to antimicrobial effects of lauric acid within the muscle. This study therefore suggests that lauric acid as a feed additive has the potential to improve food safety by reducing the numbers of Campylobacter coli in broiler meat. However, this effect seems to be dependent on the breed determining the feed intake capacity, the fat deposition and therefore the ability to incorporate lauric acid in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zeiger
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Popp
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Becker
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guenter Klein
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, Halle (Saale), Germany
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31
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Casey E, Fitzgerald E, Lucey B. Towards understanding clinical campylobacter infection and its transmission: time for a different approach? Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 74:53-64. [PMID: 28367739 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1291205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly diagnosed causes of human infection. Methods for detection of the 29 campylobacter species have mainly focused on cultivation of the thermophilic species. More than 99% of clinical campylobacter isolates notified in the UK in the recent past have been from faecal samples and associated with gastroenteritis. Campylobacter enteritis notifications in temperate zones show a seasonal increase during the summer months with a sharp decrease in the winter months, a pattern which remains incompletely understood. The striking seasonality in the expression of many human genes, some concerned with inflammation and immunity, suggests a need for further study of the host regarding the temporal distribution of many human infections, including campylobacteriosis. A tendency for campylobacter to enter a non-cultivable state under adverse conditions effects a reduction in the number of isolations. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based screening approach for the presence of the Campylobacter genus and followed by speciation has provided some insight into the limitations of cultivation for campylobacter, also allowing the discovery of new species. The increased sensitivity of the PCR-based approach over culture-based methods may make it difficult for the laboratory to differentiate asymptomatic campylobacter carriage from clinical campylobacter infection in non-sterile body sites. Campylobacter infection depends on a combination of host factors, and on acquisition of a suitably virulent strain with a tropism for human epithelium. The possibility of persistence of campylobacter in a viable but non-culturable latent form in the human body may also require further investigation. The scope of this review includes a discussion of current methods for diagnosing acute campylobacter infection and for detecting campylobacter in water and foodstuffs. The review also questions the prevailing view that poultry is the most common source of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Casey
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
| | - E Fitzgerald
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
| | - B Lucey
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Cork Institute of Technology , Bishopstown , Ireland
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Di Giannatale E, Garofolo G, Alessiani A, Di Donato G, Candeloro L, Vencia W, Decastelli L, Marotta F. Tracing Back Clinical Campylobacter jejuni in the Northwest of Italy and Assessing Their Potential Source. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:887. [PMID: 27379033 PMCID: PMC4904018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-borne campylobacteriosis is caused mainly by the handling or consumption of undercooked chicken meat or by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk. Knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritize food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. Assessing the genetic diversity among Campylobacter species is essential to our understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. We molecularly characterized 56 Campylobacter jejuni isolates (31 from patients hospitalized with gastroenteritis, 17 from raw milk samples, and 8 from chicken samples) using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in order to trace the source of the disease. We also used a population genetic approach to investigate the source of the human cases from six different reservoirs of infection. MLST identified 25 different sequence types and 11 clonal complexes (CCs) (21, 658, 206, 353, 443, 48, 61, 257, 1332, 354, 574) and these included several alleles not cited previously in the PubMLST international database. The most prevalent CCs were 21, 206, and 354. PFGE showed 34 pulsotypes divided between 28 different clusters. At the fine scale, by means of PFGE and MLST, only two human cases were linked to raw milk, while one case was linked to chicken meat. The investigation revealed the presence of several genotypes among the human isolates, which probably suggests multiple foci for the infections. Finally, the source attribution model we used revealed that most cases were attributed to chicken (69.75%) as the main reservoir in Italy, followed to a lesser extent by the following sources: cattle (8.25%); environment (6.28%); wild bird (7.37%); small ruminant (5.35%), and pork (2.98%). This study confirms the importance of correlating epidemiological investigations with molecular epidemiological data to better understand the dynamics of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Candeloro
- Department of Statistics and GIS, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
| | - Walter Vencia
- Food Hygiene and Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’AostaTorino, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Food Hygiene and Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’AostaTorino, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”Teramo, Italy
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Nagel TE, Chan BK, De Vos D, El-Shibiny A, Kang'ethe EK, Makumi A, Pirnay JP. The Developing World Urgently Needs Phages to Combat Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:882. [PMID: 27375602 PMCID: PMC4897794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K Chan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military HospitalBrussels, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of BukavuBukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza, Egypt
| | - Erastus K Kang'ethe
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Makumi
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military Hospital Brussels, Belgium
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Whole-Genome Sequences of Two
Campylobacter coli
Isolates from the Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program in Colombia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/2/e00131-16. [PMID: 26988048 PMCID: PMC4796127 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00131-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter coli, along with Campylobacter jejuni, is a major agent of gastroenteritis and acute enterocolitis in humans. We report the whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistance C. coli strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline.
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