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Salgado B, Izquierdo B, Zapata A, Sastre I, Kristen H, Terreros J, Mejías V, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38786010 PMCID: PMC11117519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, a crucial component of cell membranes, influences various biological processes, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and host-pathogen interactions. Disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to congenital and acquired conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research from our group has demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) induces an AD-like phenotype in several cell models of infection. This study explores the interplay between cholesterol and HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration. The impact of cholesterol was determined by modulating its levels with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) using the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and N2a. We have found that HSV-1 infection triggers the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in structures resembling endolysosomal/autophagic compartments, a process reversible upon MβCD treatment. Moreover, MβCD exhibits inhibitory effects at various stages of HSV-1 infection, underscoring the importance of cellular cholesterol levels, not only in the viral entry process but also in subsequent post-entry stages. MβCD also alleviated several features of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by viral infection, including lysosomal impairment and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. In conclusion, these findings highlight the connection between cholesterol, neurodegeneration, and HSV-1 infection, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Izquierdo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Zapata
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Mejías
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Doll S, Schweizer L, Bollwein C, Steiger K, Pfarr N, Walker M, Wörtler K, Knebel C, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Hartmann W, Weichert W, Mann M, Kuhn PH, Specht K. Proteomic Characterization of Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas with EWSR1- and CIC::DUX4-Translocations Reveals Diverging Tumor Biology and Distinct Diagnostic Markers. Mod Pathol 2024:100511. [PMID: 38705279 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (USRS) are a group of tumors with heterogenic genomic alterations sharing similar morphology. In the present study, we performed a comparative large-scale proteomic analysis of USRS (n=42) with diverse genomic translocations including classic Ewing sarcomas with EWSR1::FLI1 fusions (n=24) or EWSR1::ERG - fusions (n=4), sarcomas with an EWSR1 - rearrangement (n=2), CIC::DUX4 fusion (n=8), as well as tumors classified as USRS with no genetic data available (n=4). Proteins extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pretherapeutic biopsies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using shot gun mass spectrometry (MS). More than 8000 protein groups could be quantified using data-independent acquisition. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on proteomic data allowed stratification of the 42 cases into distinct groups reflecting the different molecular genotypes. Protein signatures that significantly correlated with the respective genomic translocations were identified and used to generate a heatmap of all 42 sarcomas with assignment of cases with unknown molecular genetic data to either the EWSR1- or CIC-rearranged groups. MS-based prediction of sarcoma subtypes was molecularly confirmed in two cases where next-generation sequencing was technically feasible. MS also detected proteins routinely used in the immunohistochemical approach for the differential diagnosis of USRS. BCL11B highly expressed in Ewing sarcomas and Bach2 as well as ETS-1 highly expressed in CIC::DUX4-associated sarcomas, were among proteins identified by the present proteomic study and were chosen for immunohistochemical confirmation of MS data in our study cohort. Differential expression of these 3 markers in the two genetic groups were further validated in an independent cohort of n= 34 USRS. Finally, our proteomic results point towards diverging signaling pathways in the different USRS subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Doll
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18A, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Schweizer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18A, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Bollwein
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Walker
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Wörtler
- Musculoskeletal Radiology Section, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Knebel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruediger von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18A, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Specht
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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3
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Battistella ME, Freire NH, Toson B, Dalmolin M, Fernandes MAC, Tassinari ID, Jaeger M, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, Gregianin L, de Farias CB, Roesler R. Stemness and Cell Cycle Regulators and Their Modulation by Retinoic Acid in Ewing Sarcoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3990-4003. [PMID: 38785514 PMCID: PMC11119684 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) regulates stemness and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a pediatric tumor that may arise from the abnormal development of ESCs. Here we show that RA impairs the viability of SK-ES-1 ES cells and affects the cell cycle. Cells treated with RA showed increased levels of p21 and its encoding gene, CDKN1A. RA reduced mRNA and protein levels of SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) as well as mRNA levels of beta III Tubulin (TUBB3), whereas the levels of CD99 increased. Exposure to RA reduced the capability of SK-ES-1 to form tumorspheres with high expression of SOX2 and Nestin. Gene expression of CD99 and CDKN1A was reduced in ES tumors compared to non-tumoral tissue, whereas transcript levels of SOX2 were significantly higher in tumors. For NES and TUBB3, differences between tumors and control tissue did not reach statistical significance. Low expression of CD99 and NES, and high expression of SOX2, were significantly associated with a poorer patient prognosis indicated by shorter overall survival (OS). Our results indicate that RA may display rather complex modulatory effects on multiple target genes associated with the maintenance of stem cell's features versus their differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and patient prognosis in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Battistella
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Natália Hogetop Freire
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruno Toson
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dalmolin
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- InovAI Lab, nPITI/IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- InovAI Lab, nPITI/IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Computer Engineering and Automation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Isadora D. Tassinari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism (NeuroMet), Department of Physiology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mariane Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André T. Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Algemir L. Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lauro Gregianin
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Chen ZS, Ou M, Taylor S, Dafinca R, Peng SI, Talbot K, Chan HYE. Mutant GGGGCC RNA prevents YY1 from binding to Fuzzy promoter which stimulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway in C9ALS/FTD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8420. [PMID: 38110419 PMCID: PMC10728118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). In this study, we demonstrate that the zinc finger (ZF) transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) binds to the promoter region of the planar cell polarity gene Fuzzy to regulate its transcription. We show that YY1 interacts with GGGGCC repeat RNA via its ZF and that this interaction compromises the binding of YY1 to the FuzzyYY1 promoter sites, resulting in the downregulation of Fuzzy transcription. The decrease in Fuzzy protein expression in turn activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces synaptic deficits in C9ALS/FTD neurons. Our findings demonstrate a C9orf72 GGGGCC RNA-initiated perturbation of YY1-Fuzzy transcriptional control that implicates aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling in C9ALS/FTD-associated neurodegeneration. This pathogenic cascade provides a potential new target for disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mingxi Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Taylor
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Shaohong Isaac Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Dupuy M, Lamoureux F, Mullard M, Postec A, Regnier L, Baud’huin M, Georges S, Brounais-Le Royer B, Ory B, Rédini F, Verrecchia F. Ewing sarcoma from molecular biology to the clinic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1248753. [PMID: 37752913 PMCID: PMC10518617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1248753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, with an incidence of 7.5 cases per million, Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, adolescents and young adults, after osteosarcoma. Since the 1980s, conventional treatment has been based on the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents combined with surgical resection of the tumor when possible. These treatments have increased the patient survival rate to 70% for localized forms, which drops drastically to less than 30% when patients are resistant to chemotherapy or when pulmonary metastases are present at diagnosis. However, the lack of improvement in these survival rates over the last decades points to the urgent need for new therapies. Genetically, ES is characterized by a chromosomal translocation between a member of the FET family and a member of the ETS family. In 85% of cases, the chromosomal translocation found is (11; 22) (q24; q12), between the EWS RNA-binding protein and the FLI1 transcription factor, leading to the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein. This chimeric protein acts as an oncogenic factor playing a crucial role in the development of ES. This review provides a non-exhaustive overview of ES from a clinical and biological point of view, describing its main clinical, cellular and molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Dupuy
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Franck Verrecchia
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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6
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Fountain DM, Sauka-Spengler T. The SWI/SNF Complex in Neural Crest Cell Development and Disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:203-223. [PMID: 37624665 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-011723-082913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
While the neural crest cell population gives rise to an extraordinary array of derivatives, including elements of the craniofacial skeleton, skin pigmentation, and peripheral nervous system, it is today increasingly recognized that Schwann cell precursors are also multipotent. Two mammalian paralogs of the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) chromatin-remodeling complexes, BAF (Brg1-associated factors) and PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF), are critical for neural crest specification during normal mammalian development. There is increasing evidence that pathogenic variants in components of the BAF and PBAF complexes play central roles in the pathogenesis of neural crest-derived tumors. Transgenic mouse models demonstrate a temporal window early in development where pathogenic variants in Smarcb1 result in the formation of aggressive, poorly differentiated tumors, such as rhabdoid tumors. By contrast, later in development, homozygous inactivation of Smarcb1 requires additional pathogenic variants in tumor suppressor genes to drive the development of differentiated adult neoplasms derived from the neural crest, which have a comparatively good prognosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Fountain
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; ,
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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7
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Prexler C, Knape MS, Erlewein-Schweizer J, Roll W, Specht K, Woertler K, Weichert W, von Luettichau I, Rossig C, Hauer J, Richter GHS, Weber W, Burdach S. Correlation of Transcriptomics and FDG-PET SUVmax Indicates Reciprocal Expression of Stemness-Related Transcription Factor and Neuropeptide Signaling Pathways in Glucose Metabolism of Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235999. [PMID: 36497479 PMCID: PMC9735504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ewing sarcoma (EwS), long-term treatment effects and poor survival rates for relapsed or metastatic cases require individualization of therapy and the discovery of new treatment methods. Tumor glucose metabolic activity varies significantly between patients, and FDG-PET signals have been proposed as prognostic factors. However, the biological basis for the generally elevated but variable glucose metabolism in EwS is not well understood. METHODS We retrospectively included 19 EwS samples (17 patients). Affymetrix gene expression was correlated with maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) using machine learning, linear regression modelling, and gene set enrichment analyses for functional annotation. RESULTS Expression of five genes correlated (MYBL2, ELOVL2, NETO2) or anticorrelated (FAXDC2, PLSCR4) significantly with SUVmax (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Additionally, we identified 23 genes with large SUVmax effect size, which were significantly enriched for "neuropeptide Y receptor activity (GO:0004983)" (adjusted p-value = 0.0007). The expression of the members of this signaling pathway (NPY, NPY1R, NPY5R) anticorrelated with SUVmax. In contrast, three transcription factors associated with maintaining stemness displayed enrichment of their target genes with higher SUVmax: RNF2, E2F family, and TCF3. CONCLUSION Our large-scale analysis examined comprehensively the correlations between transcriptomics and tumor glucose utilization. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that stemness may be associated with increased glucose uptake, whereas neuroectodermal differentiation may anticorrelate with glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Prexler
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Sophie Knape
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Roll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 A1, 48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Katja Specht
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Woertler
- Musculoskeletal Radiology Section, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Irene von Luettichau
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 80804 Munich, Germany
- ERN PaedCan, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Guenther H. S. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charite–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Academy of Translational Medicine and Department of Molecular Oncology–British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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Xue B, von Heyking K, Gassmann H, Poorebrahim M, Thiede M, Schober K, Mautner J, Hauer J, Ruland J, Busch DH, Thiel U, Burdach SEG. T Cells Directed against the Metastatic Driver Chondromodulin-1 in Ewing Sarcoma: Comparative Engineering with CRISPR/Cas9 vs. Retroviral Gene Transfer for Adoptive Transfer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225485. [PMID: 36428578 PMCID: PMC9688113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly malignant sarcoma of bone and soft tissue with early metastatic spread and an age peak in early puberty. The prognosis in advanced stages is still dismal, and the long-term effects of established therapies are severe. Efficacious targeted therapies are urgently needed. Our previous work has provided preliminary safety and efficacy data utilizing T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells, generated by retroviral gene transfer, targeting HLA-restricted peptides on the tumor cell derived from metastatic drivers. Here, we compared T cells engineered with either CRISPR/Cas9 or retroviral gene transfer. Firstly, we confirmed the feasibility of the orthotopic replacement of the endogenous TCR by CRISPR/Cas9 with a TCR targeting our canonical metastatic driver chondromodulin-1 (CHM1). CRISPR/Cas9-engineered T cell products specifically recognized and killed HLA-A*02:01+ EwS cell lines. The efficiency of retroviral transduction was higher compared to CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Both engineered T cell products specifically recognized tumor cells and elicited cytotoxicity, with CRISPR/Cas9 engineered T cells providing prolonged cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, T cells engineered with CRISPR/Cas9 could be feasible for immunotherapy of EwS and may have the advantage of more prolonged cytotoxic activity, as compared to T cells engineered with retroviral gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busheng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina von Heyking
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Gassmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mautner
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZIF, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Germany Institute of Clinical, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Childhood Health Alliance (CHANCE) e.V, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- DZIF, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Germany Institute of Clinical, 81675 Munich, Germany
- DKTK German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany
- DZIF, German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Germany Institute of Clinical, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Childhood Health Alliance (CHANCE) e.V, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Childhood Health Alliance (CHANCE) e.V, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.T.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Stefan E. G. Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Childhood Health Alliance (CHANCE) e.V, 80337 Munich, Germany
- DKTK German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Translational Pediatric Cancer Research-Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre and Academy of Translational Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Correspondence: (U.T.); (S.E.G.B.)
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9
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Regulation of Metastasis in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194902. [PMID: 36230825 PMCID: PMC9563756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a type of bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Over 85% of cases are caused by the expression of fusion protein EWSR1-FLI1 generated by chromosome translocation. Acting as a potent chimeric oncoprotein, EWSR1-FLI1 binds to chromatin, changes the epigenetic states, and thus alters the expression of a large set of genes. Several studies have revealed that the expression level of EWSR1-FLI1 is variable and dynamic within and across different EwS cell lines and primary tumors, leading to tumoral heterogeneity. Cells with high EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-high) proliferate in an exponential manner, whereas cells with low EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-low) tend to have a strong propensity to migrate, invade, and metastasize. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The continuous evolution of EwS research has revealed some of the molecular underpinnings of this dissemination process. In this review, we discuss the molecular signatures that contribute to metastasis.
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Molnar C, Reina J, Herrero A, Heinen JP, Méndiz V, Bonnal S, Irimia M, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Sánchez-Molina S, Mora J, Gonzalez C. Human EWS-FLI protein recapitulates in Drosophila the neomorphic functions that induce Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac222. [PMID: 36714878 PMCID: PMC9802468 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a human malignant tumor typically driven by the Ewing sarcoma-Friend leukemia integration (EWS-FLI) fusion protein. A paucity of genetically modified animal models, partially owed to the high toxicity of EWS-FLI, hinders research on EwS. Here, we report a spontaneous mutant variant, EWS-FLI1FS, that circumvents the toxicity issue in Drosophila. Through proteomic and genomic analyses, we show that human EWS-FLI1FS interacts with the Drosophila homologues of EWS-FLI human protein partners, including core subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes, the transcription machinery, and the spliceosome; brings about a massive dysregulation of transcription that affects a significant fraction of known targets of EWS-FLI in human cells; and modulates splicing. We also show that EWS-FLI1FS performs in Drosophila the two major neomorphic activities that it is known to have in human cells: activation of transcription from GGAA microsatellites and out competition of ETS transcription factors. We conclude that EWS-FLI1FS reproduces in Drosophila the known oncogenic activities of EWS-FLI that drive EwS tumorigenesis in humans. These results open up an unprecedented opportunity to investigate EWS-FLI's oncogenic pathways in vivo in a genetically tractable organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Molnar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Reina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anastasia Herrero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Peter Heinen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Méndiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Jiménez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain,Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain,Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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11
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Xie Z, Janczyk PL, Shi X, Wang Q, Singh S, Cornelison R, Xu J, Mandell JW, Barr FG, Li H. Rhabdomyosarcomas are oncogene addicted to the activation of AVIL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118048119. [PMID: 37146302 PMCID: PMC9214494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118048119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common pediatric soft-tissue cancer. Previously, we discovered a gene fusion, MARS-AVIL formed by chromosomal inversion in RMS. Suspecting that forming a fusion with a housekeeping gene may be one of the mechanisms to dysregulate an oncogene, we investigated AVIL expression and its role in RMS. We first showed that MARS-AVIL translates into an in-frame fusion protein, which is critical for RMS cell tumorigenesis. Besides forming a gene fusion with the housekeeping gene, MARS, the AVIL locus is often amplified, and its RNA and protein expression are overexpressed in the majority of RMSs. Tumors with AVIL dysregulation exhibit evidence of oncogene addiction: Silencing MARS-AVIL in cells harboring the fusion, or silencing AVIL in cells with AVIL overexpression, nearly eradicated the cells in culture, as well as inhibited in vivo xenograft growth in mice. Conversely, gain-of-function manipulations of AVIL led to increased cell growth and migration, enhanced foci formation in mouse fibroblasts, and most importantly transformed mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AVIL seems to serve as a converging node functioning upstream of two oncogenic pathways, PAX3-FOXO1 and RAS, thus connecting two types of RMS associated with these pathways. Interestingly, AVIL is overexpressed in other sarcoma cells as well, and its expression correlates with clinical outcomes, with higher levels of AVIL expression being associated with worse prognosis. AVIL is a bona fide oncogene in RMS, and RMS cells are addicted to its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Pawel L. Janczyk
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Robert Cornelison
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - James W. Mandell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Frederic G. Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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12
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Pedot G, Marques JG, Ambühl PP, Wachtel M, Kasper S, Ngo QA, Niggli FK, Schäfer BW. Inhibition of HDACs reduces Ewing sarcoma tumor growth through EWS-FLI1 protein destabilization. Neoplasia 2022; 27:100784. [PMID: 35366465 PMCID: PMC8971315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic transcription factors lacking enzymatic activity or targetable binding pockets are typically considered "undruggable". An example is provided by the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein, whose continuous expression and activity as transcription factor are critically required for Ewing sarcoma tumor formation, maintenance, and proliferation. Because neither upstream nor downstream targets have so far disabled its oncogenic potential, we performed a high-throughput drug screen (HTS), enriched for FDA-approved drugs, coupled to a Global Protein Stability (GPS) approach to identify novel compounds capable to destabilize EWS-FLI1 protein by enhancing its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The protein stability screen revealed the dual histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor called fimepinostat (CUDC-907) as top candidate to modulate EWS-FLI1 stability. Fimepinostat strongly reduced EWS-FLI1 protein abundance, reduced viability of several Ewing sarcoma cell lines and PDX-derived primary cells and delayed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model, whereas it did not significantly affect healthy cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that EWS-FLI1 protein levels were mainly regulated by fimepinostat's HDAC activity. Our study demonstrates that HTS combined to GPS is a reliable approach to identify drug candidates able to modulate stability of EWS-FLI1 and lays new ground for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce Ewing sarcoma tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pedot
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joana Graça Marques
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip P Ambühl
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Wachtel
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quy A Ngo
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix K Niggli
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sin Y, Tsuchiya R, Ono T, Akiyama T, Nakagawa R, Kamio S, Hirabayashi K, Ozawa I, Kikuta K, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of a novel patient-derived Ewing sarcoma cell line, NCC-ES2-C1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1262-1269. [PMID: 35441357 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a small round cell sarcoma that is characterized by the unique gene translocation EWSR1-FLI1. It is the second most common primary bone and soft tissue malignancy in children and adolescents. It constitutes 10-15% of all bone sarcomas and is highly aggressive and rapidly recurring. Although intensive treatments have improved the clinical outcome of ES patients, 20-25% of them exhibit metastases during diagnosis. Thus, the prognoses of these patients remain poor. Cell lines are pivotal resources to investigate the molecular background of disease progression and to develop novel therapeutic modalities. In this study, we established and characterized a novel ES cell line, NCC-ES2-C1. The presence of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene in these cells was confirmed in the NCC-ES2-C1 cells. Furthermore, these cells exhibited constant proliferation, and invasion, but did not form tumors in mice. We screened the anti-tumor effects of 214 anti-cancer drugs in NCC-ES2-C1 cells and found that the drugs which effectively reduced the proliferation of NCC-ES2-C1 cells. We concluded that NCC-ES2-C1 cells are a useful resource to study functions of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene, investigate phenotypic changes caused by genes and proteins, and evaluate the anti-tumor effects of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yooksil Sin
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taro Akiyama
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rumi Nakagawa
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamio
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirabayashi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Iwao Ozawa
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedics Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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14
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Ma C, Wang Y, Wilson KM, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ, Pollak M, Penney KL. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1-Related Biomarkers and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab091. [PMID: 35047751 PMCID: PMC8763370 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the role of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with the risk of prostate cancer. Most circulating IGF-1 is bound to specific binding proteins, and only about 5% circulates in a free form. We explored the relation of free IGF-1 and other components of the IGF system with lethal prostate cancer. Methods Using prospectively collected samples, we undertook a nested case-only analysis among 434 men with lethal prostate cancer and 524 men with indolent, nonlethal prostate cancer in the Physicians’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prediagnostic plasma samples were assayed for free IGF-1 and total IGF-1, acid labile subunit, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and intact and total IGF binding protein 4. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between IGF-1–related biomarkers and lethal prostate cancer using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, height, and body mass index. Results Men in the highest quartile of PAPP-A levels had 42% higher odds of lethal prostate cancer (pooled adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.92) compared with men in the lowest 3 quartiles. There were no statistically significant differences in the other plasma analytes. The positive association between PAPP-A and lethal prostate cancer was present among men with intact PTEN but not among those with tumor PTEN loss (2-sided Pinteraction = .001). Conclusions Our study provides suggestive evidence that among men who later develop prostate cancer, higher plasma PAPP-A levels measured prior to diagnosis are associated with increased risk of lethal compared with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Chaoran Ma, MD, PhD, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Caglar HO. Bioinformatics analysis of recurrent deletion regions in neuroblastoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Blanco-Luquin I, Lázcoz P, Celay J, Castresana JS, Encío IJ. In Vitro Assessment of the Role of p53 on Chemotherapy Treatments in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111184. [PMID: 34832966 PMCID: PMC8624165 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent malignant extracranial solid tumor of infancy. The overall objective of this work consists of determining the presence of alterations in the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cell lines and deciphering their possible relationship with resistance to known antineoplastic drugs and to differentiation agents. Firstly, we characterized 10 neuroblastoma cell lines for alterations at the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway by analysis of TP53 point mutations, MYCN and MDM2 amplification, and p14ARF methylation, homozygous deletions, and expression. Secondly, we chose SK-N-FI (mutated at TP53) and SK-N-Be(2) (wild-type TP53) cell lines, treated them with chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan) and with two isomers of retinoic acid (RA): (9-cis and all-trans). Finally, we analyzed the distribution of the cell cycle, the induction of apoptosis, and the expression levels of p53, p21, and Bcl-2 in those two cell lines. P14ARF did not present promoter methylation, homozygous deletions, and protein expression in any of the 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. One TP53 point mutation was detected in the SK-N-FI cell line. MYCN amplification was frequent, while most cell lines did not present MDM2 amplification. Treatment of SK-N-FI and SK-N-Be(2) cells with doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan increased apoptosis and blocked the cycle in G2/M, while retinoic acid isomers induced apoptosis and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase in TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells, but not in TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Treatment with cisplatin, melphalan, or 9-cis RA decreased p53 expression levels in SK-N-FI cells but not in SK-N-Be (2). The expression of p21 was not modified in either of the two cell lines. Bcl-2 levels were reduced only in SK-N-FI cells after treatment with cisplatin. However, treatments with doxorubicin, etoposide, or 9-cis-RA did not modify the levels of this protein in either of the two cell lines. In conclusion, TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells respond better to the retinoic isomers than TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Although these are in vitro results, it seems that deciphering the molecular alterations of the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway prior to treating patients of neuroblastoma might be useful for standardizing therapies with the aim of improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Paula Lázcoz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jon Celay
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
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17
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García-García L, Fernández-Tabanera E, Cervera ST, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Josa S, González-González L, Rodríguez-Martín C, Grünewald TGP, Alonso J. The Transcription Factor FEZF1, a Direct Target of EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing Sarcoma Cells, Regulates the Expression of Neural-Specific Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5668. [PMID: 34830820 PMCID: PMC8616448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare pediatric tumor characterized by chromosomal translocations that give rise to aberrant chimeric transcription factors (e.g., EWSR1-FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 promotes a specific cellular transcriptional program. Therefore, the study of EWSR1-FLI1 target genes is important to identify critical pathways involved in Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. In this work, we focused on the transcription factors regulated by EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma. Transcriptomic analysis of the Ewing sarcoma cell line A673 indicated that one of the genes more strongly upregulated by EWSR1-FLI1 was FEZF1 (FEZ family zinc finger protein 1), a transcriptional repressor involved in neural cell identity. The functional characterization of FEZF1 was performed in three Ewing sarcoma cell lines (A673, SK-N-MC, SK-ES-1) through an shRNA-directed silencing approach. FEZF1 knockdown inhibited clonogenicity and cell proliferation. Finally, the analysis of the FEZF1-dependent expression profile in A673 cells showed several neural genes regulated by FEZF1 and concomitantly regulated by EWSR1-FLI1. In summary, FEZF1 is transcriptionally regulated by EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma cells and is involved in the regulation of neural-specific genes, which could explain the neural-like phenotype observed in several Ewing sarcoma tumors and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-García
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
| | - Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saint T. Cervera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Josa
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
| | - Laura González-González
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Martín
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Hopp-Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (E.F.-T.); (S.T.C.); (R.M.M.-F.d.M.); (S.J.); (L.G.-G.); (C.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Pachva MC, Lai H, Jia A, Rouleau M, Sorensen PH. Extracellular Vesicles in Reprogramming of the Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726205. [PMID: 34604225 PMCID: PMC8484747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive cancer and the second most common malignant bone tumor of children and young adults. Although patients with localized disease have a survival rate of approximately 75%, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease remains dismal (<30%) and has not improved in decades. Standard-of-care treatments include local therapies such as surgery and radiotherapy, in addition to poly-agent adjuvant chemotherapy, and are often associated with long-term disability and reduced quality of life. Novel targeted therapeutic strategies that are more efficacious and less toxic are therefore desperately needed, particularly for metastatic disease, given that the presence of metastasis remains the most powerful predictor of poor outcome in EwS. Intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment is emerging as a crucial mechanism for cancer cells to establish immunosuppressive and cancer-permissive environments, potentially leading to metastasis. Altering this communication within the tumor microenvironment, thereby preventing the transfer of oncogenic signals and molecules, represents a highly promising therapeutic strategy. To achieve this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a candidate mechanism as they are actively released by tumor cells and enriched with proteins and RNAs. EVs are membrane-bound particles released by normal and tumor cells, that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, including cross-talk between tumor, stromal fibroblast, and immune cells in the local tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation. EwS EVs, including the smaller exosomes and larger microvesicles, have the potential to reprogram a diversity of cells in the tumor microenvironment, by transferring various biomolecules in a cell-specific manner. Insights into the various biomolecules packed in EwS EVs as cargos and the molecular changes they trigger in recipient cells of the tumor microenvironment will shed light on various potential targets for therapeutic intervention in EwS. This review details EwS EVs composition, their potential role in metastasis and in the reprogramming of various cells of the tumor microenvironment, and the potential for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manideep C Pachva
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Horton Lai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andy Jia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Rouleau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Ullah A, Sinkler MA, Velasquez Zarate L, Clavijo A, White J. Ewing Sarcoma and Ewing-Like Sarcoma and the Role of NKX2.2 Immunoreactivity. Cureus 2021; 13:e17391. [PMID: 34584801 PMCID: PMC8457536 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) belongs to the family of "small round blue cell" tumors and its diagnosis currently involves a combination of immunostaining and molecular analysis. However, due to significant histological overlap with other tumors of the same family, accurate diagnosis has historically involved combining these results with clinical correlation. Recently, multiple studies have analyzed the role of NKX2.2 immunopositivity in the diagnosis of ES. NKX2.2, a downstream target of the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region-Friend leukemia integration 1 (EWSR1-FLI1) fusion, has been identified as a potential stain to differentiate ES and Ewing-like sarcoma from other small round blue cell tumors. In this study, we examine the histopathological interpretation of five patients. Four cases showed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-identified EWSR1 rearrangement. In one case, rearrangements of EWSR1 or FUS could not be detected, and a diagnosis of Ewing-like sarcoma was rendered. NKX2.2 was immunopositive in all five cases. Based on this limited dataset, NKX2.2 immunopositivity can significantly support the diagnosis of ES and has the potential to support the diagnosis of fusion-undetected Ewing-like sarcoma in appropriate clinical and histologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Pathology, Medical College of Georgia - Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Margaret A Sinkler
- Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia - Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | | | - Alex Clavijo
- Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Joseph White
- Pathology, Medical College of Georgia - Augusta University, Augusta, USA
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20
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Sole A, Grossetête S, Heintzé M, Babin L, Zaïdi S, Revy P, Renouf B, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Pierre-Eugène C, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Couronné L, Kaltenbach S, Tomishima M, Jasin M, Grünewald TGP, Delattre O, Surdez D, Brunet E. Unraveling Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis originating from patient-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4994-5006. [PMID: 34341072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is characterized by pathognomonic translocations, most frequently fusing EWSR1 with FLI1. An estimated 30% of EwS tumors also display genetic alterations in STAG2, TP53, or CDKN2A (SPC). Numerous attempts to develop relevant EwS models from primary human cells have been unsuccessful in faithfully recapitulating the phenotypic, transcriptomic and epigenetic features of EwS. In this study, by engineering the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation together with a combination of SPC mutations, we generated a wide collection of immortalized cells (EWIma cells) tolerating EWSR1-FLI1 expression from primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from an EwS patient. Within this model, SPC alterations strongly favored EwS oncogenicity. Xenograft experiments with independent EWIma cells induced tumors and metastases in mice, which displayed bona fide features of EwS. EWIma cells presented balanced but also more complex translocation profiles mimicking chromoplexy, which is frequently observed in EwS and other cancers. Collectively, these results demonstrate that bone marrow-derived MSCs are a source of origin for EwS and also provide original experimental models to investigate Ewing sarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sole
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
| | | | - Maxime Heintzé
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- Cytogenetics, H�'pital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - H�'pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité
| | | | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Genetics and biology of pediatric tumors, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Institute Curie
| | - Erika Brunet
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System,INSERM, UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases
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21
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Abbas A, Alaa MN. Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumors: Past, Present and Future Prospects. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999201125204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES), also known as mesenchymal primitive neuroectodermal tumor
(PNET), is a malignant round blue cell tumor (MRBCT) with a varying degree of neuronal differentiation.
PNET arises from the primitive nerve cells of the central nervous system (CNS) but may
also occur in the bones of the extremities, pelvis, vertebral column, and chest wall. Extraskeletal
ES/PNET may affect the various soft tissues, including those of the pelvis, paraspinal region, and
thoracopulmonary region.
Histopathological differentiation between ES, PNET, and other related sarcomas is often difficult.
On light microscopy, the same histopathological appearance of ES has been termed PNET, Askin-
Rosay (A-R) tumor, and malignant neuroepithelioma by various other authors. The immunohistochemical
distinction is also difficult due to poor tissue differentiation and low intake of the various
specific immunohistochemical markers. The most frequent translocation is t (11; 22) (q24; q12), resulting
in the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene detected in nearly 90% of cases and is considered the hallmark
of the diagnosis of ES, PNET, atypical ES, and A-R tumor. Therefore, ES, atypical ES,
PNET, and A-R tumor are currently regarded as one entity grouped together under the Ewing Family
Tumor (EFT) and are treated in an identical way. EFT represents only about 3% of all pediatric
malignancies. The annual incidence is between 2 and 5 cases per million children per year. The
peak prevalence of the tumor is between the ages of 10 and 15 years. The incidence is higher in
males than in females, with a ratio of 1.3:1.
Newer groups of MRBCT that have great similarities to EFT are being recently described. These tumors,
atypical EFT and Ewing’s like Sarcomas (ELS), bear similarities to EFT but have basic morphological
and molecular differences. Optimal treatment requires the use of adjuvant and new-adjuvant
chemotherapy (CTR), radical surgical resection and/or involves field radiotherapy (RT). The
reported disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) range between 45-80% and 36-71%,
respectively. The overall prognosis for the metastatic and recurrent disease remains poor. The use
of newer conventional and targeted medications, improved RT delivery, and surgical techniques
may further improve the outcomes. The past few years have seen advances in genomics-based sarcoma
diagnosis and targeted therapies. In this comprehensive review article, we provide a detailed
report of EFT and discuss the various clinical aspects and the recent advances used in the diagnosis
and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Abbas
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, The Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Setion, Princess Nourah Oncology Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N.S. Alaa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Markey FB, Romero B, Parashar V, Batish M. Identification of a New Transcriptional Co-Regulator of STEAP1 in Ewing's Sarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061300. [PMID: 34073779 PMCID: PMC8225120 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is caused by a chromosomal translocation leading to the formation of the fused EWSFLI1 gene, which codes for an aberrant transcription factor EWSFLI1. The transcriptional targets of EWSFLI1 have been viewed as promising and novel drug targets in the treatment of ES. One such target is six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1), a transmembrane protein that is upregulated by EWSFLI1 in ES. STEAP1 is a hallmark of tumor invasiveness and an indicator of tumor responsiveness to therapy. EWSFLI1 binds to the STEAP1 promoter region, but the mechanism of action by which it upregulates STEAP1 expression in ES is not entirely understood. Upon analysis of the STEAP1 promoter, we predicted two binding sites for NKX2.2, another crucial transcription factor involved in ES pathogenesis. We confirmed the interaction of NKX2.2 with the STEAP1 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. We used single-molecule RNA imaging, biochemical, and genetic studies to identify the novel role of NKX2.2 in regulating STEAP1 expression in ES. Our results show that NKX2.2 is a co-regulator of STEAP1 expression and functions by interacting with the STEAP1 promoter at sites proximal to the reported EWSFLI1 sites. The co-operative interaction of NKX2.2 with EWSFLI1 in regulating STEAP1 holds potential as a new target for therapeutic interventions for ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatu Badiane Markey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Brigette Romero
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (B.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Vijay Parashar
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (B.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (B.R.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-8591
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23
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Mediates APP Proteolysis and Lysosomal Alterations Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5917187. [PMID: 33282112 PMCID: PMC7685830 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5917187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have described noncanonical pathways of APP processing that seem partly executed by lysosomal enzymes. Our laboratory's in vitro human SK-N-MC model has shown that oxidative stress (OS) alters the lysosomal degradation pathway and the processing/metabolism of APP. The present study identifies the lysosomal protein matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) as a protease involved in the APP noncanonical processing. Previous expression analyses of the above cells showed MMP14 to be overexpressed under OS. In the present work, its role in changes in OS-induced APP proteolysis and lysosomal load was examined. The results show that MMP14 mediates the accumulation of an ≈85 kDa N-terminal APP fragment and increases the lysosome load induced by OS. These results were validated in neurons and neural progenitor cells generated from the induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with sporadic AD, reinforcing the idea that MMP14 may offer a therapeutic target in this disease.
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24
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Sánchez-Molina S, Figuerola-Bou E, Blanco E, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Táboas P, Gómez S, Ballaré C, García-Domínguez DJ, Prada E, Hontecillas-Prieto L, M Carcaboso Á, Tirado ÓM, Hernández-Muñoz I, de Álava E, Lavarino C, Di Croce L, Mora J. RING1B recruits EWSR1-FLI1 and cooperates in the remodeling of chromatin necessary for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaba3058. [PMID: 33097530 PMCID: PMC7608835 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive tumor that affects adolescents and young adults. EwS is defined by a chromosomal translocation, EWSR1-FLI1 being the most common, that causes genome reprogramming through remodeling of enhancers. Here, we describe an unexpected function of RING1B, which is highly expressed in EwS. While retaining its repressive activity at Polycomb developmental regulated genes, RING1B colocalizes with EWSR1-FLI1 at active enhancers. We demonstrate that RING1B is necessary for the expression of key EWSR1-FLI1 targets by facilitating oncogene recruitment to their enhancers. Knockdown of RING1B impairs growth of tumor xenografts and expression of genes regulated by EWSR1-FLI1 bound enhancers. Pharmacological inhibition of AURKB with AZD1152 increases H2Aub levels causing down-regulation of RING1B/EWSR1-FLI1 common targets. Our findings demonstrate that RING1B is a critical modulator of EWSR1-FLI1-induced chromatin remodeling, and its inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sánchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Figuerola-Bou
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Jiménez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Táboas
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gómez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ballaré
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla-CIBERONC, Department of Pathology, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Estela Prada
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla-CIBERONC, Department of Pathology, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ángel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Laboratori d'Oncologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)-CIBERONC, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Hernández-Muñoz
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (FIMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla-CIBERONC, Department of Pathology, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Current Status and Perspectives of Patient-Derived Models for Ewing's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092520. [PMID: 32899796 PMCID: PMC7563399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A paucity of patient-derived cancer models hinders the development of novel therapeutic strategies in Ewing’s sarcoma. This review aimed to demonstrate the utility and possibility of popular patient-derived cancer models by overviewing the reported studies and to encourage the researchers to develop more models for Ewing’s sarcoma. Abstract Patient-derived cancer models, including cell lines, organoids, and xenografts, are indispensable tools in cancer research. These models, which recapitulate molecular features of original tumors, allow studies on the biological significance of cancer-associated genes, antitumor effects of novel agents, and molecular mechanisms underlying clinical behaviors of tumors. Moreover, the predictive utility of patient-derived cancer models is expected to facilitate drug development and precision medicine. Ewing’s sarcoma is a highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor with a high metastasis rate. Previous studies demonstrated the utility of cell lines and xenografts in Ewing’s sarcoma research and clinical studies. However, the number of Ewing’s sarcoma models available from public biobanks is limited; this creates an obstacle for research on Ewing’s sarcoma. Novel Ewing’s sarcoma models are needed to establish their utility, further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and help develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current status of patient-derived cancer models is overviewed, and future prospects of model development are discussed from the perspective of Ewing’s sarcoma research. It should be of interest to researchers and clinicians who work on patient-derived cancer models.
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Ellagic Acid-Derived Urolithins as Modulators of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5194508. [PMID: 32774676 PMCID: PMC7407063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5194508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of excess of prooxidative species relative to the antioxidant defenses (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) in a living organism. The consequence of this imbalance is damage of the major cellular macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and DNA), which further leads to a gradual loss of tissue and organ function. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer) and in the process of aging. Thus, many strategies to combat oxidative stress have been proposed and tested. In this context, food rich in antioxidants has received great attention. Pomegranate, berries, and walnuts have been recognized as “superfood” particularly for their cardioprotective effects. The common characteristic of these foods is the high content of ellagitannins. Since tannins are not bioavailable, they have been neglected in nutrition science and even considered antinutrients for a long time. However, this view has changed dramatically once it was recognized that ellagic acid, released from ellagitannins in the gastrointestinal system, is further metabolized by colonic microbiota to bioavailable compounds—known as urolithins. Thus, urolithins (3,4-benzocoumarin derivatives) have emerged as novel natural bioactive compounds and are now the focus of extensive investigations. So far, urolithins were shown to be powerful modulators of oxidative stress and agents with potential anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiaging properties. Furthermore, a few synthetic derivatives of urolithins were recognized as lead compounds for new drug development. Available data on urolithin synthesis, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, biological activity, and safety will be presented in this review.
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Schober SJ, Thiede M, Gassmann H, Prexler C, Xue B, Schirmer D, Wohlleber D, Stein S, Grünewald TGP, Busch DH, Richter GHS, Burdach SEG, Thiel U. MHC Class I-Restricted TCR-Transgenic CD4 + T Cells Against STEAP1 Mediate Local Tumor Control of Ewing Sarcoma In Vivo. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071581. [PMID: 32610710 PMCID: PMC7408051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the functional comparison of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells targeting a peptide from six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) in the context of HLA-A*02:01. STEAP1 is a tumor-associated antigen, which is overexpressed in many cancers, including Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Based on previous observations, we postulated strong antitumor potential of tumor-redirected CD4+ T cells transduced with an HLA class I-restricted TCR against a STEAP1-derived peptide. We compared CD4+ T cell populations to their CD8+ counterparts in vitro using impedance-based xCELLigence and cytokine/granzyme release assays. We further compared antitumor activity of STEAP130-TCR transgenic (tg) CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing xenografted Rag2-/-gc-/- mice. TCR tgCD4+ T cells showed increased cytotoxic features over time with similar functional avidity compared to tgCD8+ cells after 5-6 weeks of culture. In vivo, local tumor control was equal. Assessing metastatic organotropism of intraveniously (i.v.) injected tumors, only tgCD8+ cells were associated with reduced metastases. In this analysis, EwS-redirected tgCD4+ T cells contribute to local tumor control, but fail to control metastatic outgrowth in a model of xenografted EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (U.T.)
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Hendrik Gassmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Carolin Prexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Busheng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - David Schirmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Stein
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (T.G.P.G.)
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany;
| | - Guenther H. S. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan E. G. Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (U.T.)
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Heitzeneder S, Sotillo E, Shern JF, Sindiri S, Xu P, Jones R, Pollak M, Noer PR, Lorette J, Fazli L, Alag A, Meltzer P, Lau C, Conover CA, Oxvig C, Sorensen PH, Maris JM, Khan J, Mackall CL. Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) in Ewing Sarcoma: Role in Tumor Growth and Immune Evasion. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:970-982. [PMID: 30698726 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (EWS) manifests one of the lowest somatic mutation rates of any cancer, leading to a scarcity of druggable mutations and neoantigens. Immunotherapeutics targeting differentially expressed cell surface antigens could provide therapeutic benefit for such tumors. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a cell membrane-associated proteinase produced by the placenta that promotes fetal growth by inducing insulinlike growth factor (IGF) signaling. METHODS By comparing RNA expression of cell surface proteins in EWS (n = 120) versus normal tissues (n = 42), we comprehensively characterized the surfaceome of EWS to identify highly differentially expressed molecules. Using CRISPR/Cas-9 and anti-PAPP-A antibodies, we investigated biological roles for PAPP-A in EWS in vitro and in vivo in NSG xenograft models and performed RNA-sequencing on PAPPA knockout clones (n = 5) and controls (n = 3). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS EWS surfaceome analysis identified 11 highly differentially overexpressed genes, with PAPPA ranking second in differential expression. In EWS cell lines, genetic knockout of PAPPA and treatment with anti-PAPP-A antibodies revealed an essential survival role by regulating local IGF-1 bioavailability. MAb-mediated PAPPA inhibition diminished EWS growth in orthotopic xenografts (leg area mm2 at day 49 IgG2a control (CTRL) [n = 14], mean = 397.0, SD = 86.1 vs anti-PAPP-A [n = 14], mean = 311.7, SD = 155.0; P = .03; median OS anti-PAPP-A = 52.5 days, 95% CI = 46.0 to 63.0 days vs IgG2a = 45.0 days, 95% CI = 42.0 to 52.0 days; P = .02) and improved the efficacy of anti-IGF-1R treatment (leg area mm2 at day 49 anti-PAPP-A + anti-IGF-1R [n = 15], mean = 217.9, SD = 148.5 vs IgG2a-CTRL; P < .001; median OS anti-PAPP-A + anti-IGF1R = 63.0 days, 95% CI = 52.0 to 67.0 days vs IgG2a-CTRL; P < .001). Unexpectedly, PAPPA knockout in EWS cell lines induced interferon (IFN)-response genes, including proteins associated with antigen processing/presentation. Consistently, gene expression profiles in PAPPA-low EWS tumors were enriched for immune response pathways. CONCLUSION This work provides a comprehensive characterization of the surfaceome of EWS, credentials PAPP-A as a highly differentially expressed therapeutic target, and discovers a novel link between IGF-1 signaling and immune evasion in cancer, thus implicating shared mechanisms of immune evasion between EWS and the placenta.
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Kovar H, Bierbaumer L, Radic-Sarikas B. The YAP/TAZ Pathway in Osteogenesis and Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040972. [PMID: 32326412 PMCID: PMC7227004 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are intracellular messengers communicating multiple interacting extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues to the transcription apparatus in the nucleus and back to the cell/tissue microenvironment interface through the regulation of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Their activity is negatively and positively controlled by multiple phosphorylation events. Phenotypically, they serve an important role in cellular plasticity and lineage determination during development. As they regulate self-renewal, proliferation, migration, invasion and differentiation of stem cells, perturbed expression of YAP/TAZ signaling components play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Despite their high structural similarity, YAP and TAZ are functionally not identical and may play distinct cell type and differentiation stage-specific roles mediated by a diversity of downstream effectors and upstream regulatory molecules. However, YAP and TAZ are frequently looked at as functionally redundant and are not sufficiently discriminated in the scientific literature. As the extracellular matrix composition and mechanosignaling are of particular relevance in bone formation during embryogenesis, post-natal bone elongation and bone regeneration, YAP/TAZ are believed to have critical functions in these processes. Depending on the differentiation stage of mesenchymal stem cells during endochondral bone development, YAP and TAZ serve distinct roles, which are also reflected in bone tumors arising from the mesenchymal lineage at different developmental stages. Efforts to clinically translate the wealth of available knowledge of the pathway for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes focus mainly on YAP and TAZ expression and their role as transcriptional co-activators of TEAD transcription factors but rarely consider the expression and activity of pathway modulatory components and other transcriptional partners of YAP and TAZ. As there is a growing body of evidence for YAP and TAZ as potential therapeutic targets in several cancers, we here interrogate the applicability of this concept to bone tumors. To this end, this review aims to summarize our current knowledge of YAP and TAZ in cell plasticity, normal bone development and bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Bierbaumer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
| | - Branka Radic-Sarikas
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
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Transcriptional Programs Define Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Ewing Sarcoma at Single-Cell Resolution. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1767-1779.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Stahl D, Gentles AJ, Thiele R, Gütgemann I. Prognostic profiling of the immune cell microenvironment in Ewing´s Sarcoma Family of Tumors. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1674113. [PMID: 31741777 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1674113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing´s Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT) are clinically aggressive bone and soft tissue tumors in children and young adults. Analysis of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) provides insight into tumor evolution and novel treatment options. So far, the scarcity of immune cells in ESFT has hindered a comprehensive analysis of rare subtypes. We determined the relative fraction of 22 immune cell types using 197 microarray gene expression datasets of primary ESFT tumor samples by using CIBERSORT, a deconvolution algorithm enumerating infiltrating leucocytes in bulk tumor tissue. The most abundant cells were macrophages (mean 43% of total tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, TILs), predominantly immunosuppressive M2 type macrophages, followed by T cells (mean 23% of TILs). Increased neutrophils, albeit at low number, were associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (p = .038) and increased M2 macrophages predicted a shorter event-free survival (EFS) (p = .033). High frequency of T cells and activated NK cells correlated with prolonged OS (p = .044 and p = .007, respectively). A small patient population (9/32) with combined low infiltrating M2 macrophages, low neutrophils, and high total T cells was identified with favorable outcome. This finding was confirmed in a validation cohort of patients with follow up (11/38). When comparing the immune TME with expression of known stemness genes, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) correlated with high abundance of macrophages and neutrophils and decreased T cell levels. The immune TME in ESFTs shows a distinct composition including rare immune cell subsets that in part may be due to expression of HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralf Thiele
- Department of Computer Science, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Ines Gütgemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Staege MS. Are EWSR1-FLI-positive cell lines from patients with other diagnoses than Ewing sarcoma really Ewing sarcoma cell lines? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27769. [PMID: 31006967 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Staege
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Pediatrics I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
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Oyama R, Kito F, Qiao Z, Sakumoto M, Noguchi R, Takahashi M, Toki S, Tanzawa Y, Yoshida A, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment of a novel patient-derived Ewing's sarcoma cell line, NCC-ES1-C1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:770-778. [PMID: 30324244 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor characterized by the presence of a unique EWSR1-FLI1 translocation. Ewing's sarcoma primarily occurs in the bone and soft tissues. Cell lines enable researchers to investigate the molecular backgrounds of disease and the significance of genetic alterations in relevant cellular contexts. Here, we report the establishment and characterization of a novel Ewing's sarcoma cell line following primary Ewing's sarcoma tumor tissue culture. The established cell line was authenticated by DNA microsatellite short tandem repeat analysis, characterized by in vitro assays, and named NCC-ES1-C1. The NCC-ES1-C1 cell line grew well for 15 mo and was subcultured more than 50 times during this period. Characterization of the cells revealed that they were not adherent and showed floating features. In conclusion, we successfully established a novel Ewing's sarcoma cell line, NCC-ES1-C1, from primary tumor tissue. The cell line has the characteristic EWSR1-FLI1 gene fusion and exhibits aggressive growth in vitro. Thus, the NCC-ES1-C1 cell line will be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms of disease and the biological role of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Oyama
- Department of Innovative Seeds Evaluation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Fusako Kito
- Department of Innovative Seeds Evaluation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Qiao
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Marimu Sakumoto
- Department of Innovative Seeds Evaluation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Takahashi
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunichi Toki
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanzawa
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Department of Innovative Seeds Evaluation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. .,Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Kondo T. Current Status of Proteomics in Ewing's Sarcoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1700130. [PMID: 29992772 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal malignancy of the bone, which predominantly occurs in children and young adolescents. Ewing's sarcoma is characterized by chromosomal translocations resulting in the formation of chimeric fusions between the EWS gene and transcription factors of the ETS family, such as EWS-FLI-1. The clinical outcome of Ewing's sarcoma remains poor, and novel therapeutic approaches are required. Proteomic analyses have been applied to identify the functions of the fusion gene product, and a novel mechanism of EWS-FLI-1 turnover has been proposed. Furthermore, proteomics has revealed the regulation of IL-6 secretion by EWS-FLI-1, which may promote malignant behavior in tumor cells. In addition, proteomic approaches have been used to assess the effects of unique genes and drugs on Ewing's sarcoma and to determine specific biomarker candidates for the prediction of drug resistance and recurrence. By identifying the proteins relevant to the molecular backgrounds of clinical characters of Ewing's sarcoma, we can understand the biology of Ewing's sarcoma and develop clinical applications. Fundamental research systems such as tumor cell and tissue biobanks and databases are required to make effective use of the limited clinical materials and promote research into Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Grünewald TGP, Cidre-Aranaz F, Surdez D, Tomazou EM, de Álava E, Kovar H, Sorensen PH, Delattre O, Dirksen U. Ewing sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:5. [PMID: 29977059 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most frequent bone tumour of childhood and adolescence that can also arise in soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer, with a survival of 70-80% for patients with standard-risk and localized disease and ~30% for those with metastatic disease. Treatment comprises local surgery, radiotherapy and polychemotherapy, which are associated with acute and chronic adverse effects that may compromise quality of life in survivors. Histologically, Ewing sarcomas are composed of small round cells expressing high levels of CD99. Genetically, they are characterized by balanced chromosomal translocations in which a member of the FET gene family is fused with an ETS transcription factor, with the most common fusion being EWSR1-FLI1 (85% of cases). Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 protein (EWSR1)-Friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1) is a tumour-specific chimeric transcription factor (EWSR1-FLI1) with neomorphic effects that massively rewires the transcriptome. Additionally, EWSR1-FLI1 reprogrammes the epigenome by inducing de novo enhancers at GGAA microsatellites and by altering the state of gene regulatory elements, creating a unique epigenetic signature. Additional mutations at diagnosis are rare and mainly involve STAG2, TP53 and CDKN2A deletions. Emerging studies on the molecular mechanisms of Ewing sarcoma hold promise for improvements in early detection, disease monitoring, lower treatment-related toxicity, overall survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eleni M Tomazou
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Uta Dirksen
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study group, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
The zinc metalloproteinase, PAPP-A, enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through cleavage of inhibitory IGF-binding proteins, thereby increasing IGF available for IGF receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration and survival. In many tumors, enhanced IGF receptor signaling is associated with tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. We will first discuss PAPP-A structure and function, and post-translational inhibitors of PAPP-A expression or proteolytic activity. We will then review the evidence supporting an important role for PAPP-A in many cancers, including breast, ovarian and lung cancer, and Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- From the Division of Endocrinology Mayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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37
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Gollavilli PN, Pawar A, Wilder-Romans K, Natesan R, Engelke CG, Dommeti VL, Krishnamurthy PM, Nallasivam A, Apel IJ, Xu T, Qin ZS, Feng FY, Asangani IA. EWS/ETS-Driven Ewing Sarcoma Requires BET Bromodomain Proteins. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4760-4773. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Kersting N, Kunzler Souza B, Araujo Vieira I, Pereira Dos Santos R, Brufatto Olguins D, José Gregianin L, Tesainer Brunetto A, Lunardi Brunetto A, Roesler R, Brunetto de Farias C, Schwartsmann G. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Regulation of Ewing Sarcoma Cell Function. Oncology 2018. [PMID: 29539615 DOI: 10.1159/000487143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a type of childhood cancer probably arising from stem mesenchymal or neural crest cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) acts as a driver oncogene in many types of solid tumors. However, its involvement in ES remains poorly understood. METHODS Human SK-ES-1 and RD-ES ES cells were treated with EGF, the EGFR inhibitor tyrphostin (AG1478), or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. Cell proliferation survival, cycle, and senescence were analyzed. The protein content of possible targets of EGFR manipulation was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Cell proliferation and survival were increased by EGF and inhibited by AG1478. The EGFR inhibitor also altered the cell cycle, inducing arrest in G1 and increasing the sub-G1 population, reduced polyploidy and increased the population of senescent cells. In addition, AG1478 reduced the levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), ERK, p-ERK, cyclin D1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), while enhancing p53 levels. Cell proliferation was also impaired by inhibitors of PI3K or ERK, alone or combined with AG1478. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal novel aspects of EGFR regulation of ES cells and provide early evidence for antitumor activities of EGFR inhibitors in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Kersting
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Kunzler Souza
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira Dos Santos
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielly Brufatto Olguins
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauro José Gregianin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Tesainer Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Rafael Koff Acordi Research Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Algemir Lunardi Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Rafael Koff Acordi Research Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Rafael Koff Acordi Research Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Schwartsmann
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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39
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Gardiner JD, Abegglen LM, Huang X, Carter BE, Schackmann EA, Stucki M, Paxton CN, Lor Randall R, Amatruda JF, Putnam AR, Kovar H, Lessnick SL, Schiffman JD. C/EBPβ-1 promotes transformation and chemoresistance in Ewing sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26013-26026. [PMID: 28148901 PMCID: PMC5432234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CEBPB copy number gain in Ewing sarcoma was previously shown to be associated with worse clinical outcome compared to tumors with normal CEBPB copy number, although the mechanism was not characterized. We employed gene knockdown and rescue assays to explore the consequences of altered CEBPB gene expression in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Knockdown of EWS-FLI1 expression led to a decrease in expression of all three C/EBPβ isoforms while re-expression of EWS-FLI1 rescued C/EBPβ expression. Overexpression of C/EBPβ-1, the largest of the three C/EBPβ isoforms, led to a significant increase in colony formation when cells were grown in soft agar compared to empty vector transduced cells. In addition, depletion of C/EBPβ decreased colony formation, and re-expression of either C/EBPβ-1 or C/EBPβ-2 rescued the phenotype. We identified the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A1 as a target of C/EBPβ in Ewing sarcoma. Furthermore, increased expression of C/EBPβ led to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In summary, we have identified CEBPB as an oncogene in Ewing sarcoma. Overexpression of C/EBPβ-1 increases transformation, upregulates expression of the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A1, and leads to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Gardiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa M Abegglen
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryce E Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Marcus Stucki
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christian N Paxton
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology®, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Services, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angelica R Putnam
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Heme/Onc/BMT, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Targeting Histone Deacetylase Activity to Arrest Cell Growth and Promote Neural Differentiation in Ewing Sarcoma. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7242-7258. [PMID: 29397557 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for advances in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive childhood tumor with possible neuroectodermal origin. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) can revert aberrant epigenetic states and reduce growth in different experimental cancer types. Here, we investigated whether the potent HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB), has the ability to reprogram EWS cells towards a more differentiated state and affect their growth and survival. Exposure of two EWS cell lines to NaB resulted in rapid and potent inhibition of HDAC activity (1 h, IC50 1.5 mM) and a significant arrest of cell cycle progression (72 h, IC50 0.68-0.76 mM), marked by G0/G1 accumulation. Delayed cell proliferation and reduced colony formation ability were observed in EWS cells after long-term culture. NaB-induced effects included suppression of cell proliferation accompanied by reduced transcriptional expression of the EWS-FLI1 fusion oncogene, decreased expression of key survival and pluripotency-associated genes, and re-expression of the differentiation neuronal marker βIII-tubulin. Finally, NaB reduced c-MYC levels and impaired survival in putative EWS cancer stem cells. Our findings support the use of HDAC inhibition as a strategy to impair cell growth and survival and to reprogram EWS tumors towards differentiation. These results are consistent with our previous studies indicating that HDis can inhibit the growth and modulate differentiation of cells from other types of childhood pediatric tumors possibly originating from neural stem cells.
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41
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Hernandez-Muñoz I, Figuerola E, Sanchez-Molina S, Rodriguez E, Fernández-Mariño AI, Pardo-Pastor C, Bahamonde MI, Fernández-Fernández JM, García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Lavarino C, Carcaboso AM, de Torres C, Tirado OM, de Alava E, Mora J. RING1B contributes to Ewing sarcoma development by repressing the NaV1.6 sodium channel and the NF-κB pathway, independently of the fusion oncoprotein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46283-46300. [PMID: 27317769 PMCID: PMC5216798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor defined by EWSR1 gene fusions that behave as an oncogene. Here we demonstrate that RING1B is highly expressed in primary ES tumors, and its expression is independent of the fusion oncogene. RING1B-depleted ES cells display an expression profile enriched in genes functionally involved in hematological development but RING1B depletion does not induce cellular differentiation. In ES cells, RING1B directly binds the SCN8A sodium channel promoter and its depletion results in enhanced Nav1.6 expression and function. The signaling pathway most significantly modulated by RING1B is NF-κB. RING1B depletion results in enhanced p105/p50 expression, which sensitizes ES cells to apoptosis by FGFR/SHP2/STAT3 blockade. Reduced NaV1.6 function protects ES cells from apoptotic cell death by maintaining low NF-κB levels. Our findings identify RING1B as a trait of the cell-of-origin and provide a potential targetable vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Figuerola
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sanchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodriguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fernández-Mariño
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain.,Present Affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison-53705, USA
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Bahamonde
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
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Choo S, Wang P, Newbury R, Roberts W, Yang J. Reactivation of TWIST1 contributes to Ewing sarcoma metastasis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26721. [PMID: 28873262 PMCID: PMC5759052 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma is a cancer of bone and soft tissue. Despite aggressive treatment, survival remains poor, particularly in patients with metastatic disease. Failure to treat Ewing sarcoma is due to the lack of understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate metastasis. In addition, no molecular prognostic markers have been identified for Ewing sarcoma to risk stratify patients. PROCEDURE Ewing sarcoma patients were divided into high or low Twist1 gene expression and survival curves were generated using the R2 microarray-based Genomic Analysis platform (http://r2.amc.nl). Tumors from Ewing sarcoma patients were also evaluated for TWIST1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Ewing sarcoma xenografts were established to evaluate the role of TWIST1 in metastasis. The effects of Twist1 on migration and invasion were evaluated using migration and invasion assays in A673 and RDES cells. RESULTS Twist1 expression was a negative prognostic marker for overall survival in a public Ewing sarcoma patient data set based on Twist1 mRNA levels and in patient tumor samples based on Twist1 immunohistochemistry. TWIST1 is detected in significantly higher percentage of patients with metastatic diseases than localized disease. Using Ewing sarcoma tumor xenografts in mice, we found that suppressing TWIST1 levels suppressed metastasis without affecting primary tumor development. Knockdown of Twist1 inhibited the migration and invasion capability, while overexpression of Twist1 promoted migration and invasion in Ewing sarcoma cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TWIST1 promotes metastasis in Ewing sarcoma and could be used as a prognostic marker for treatment stratification; however, further validation is required in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Choo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert Newbury
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - William Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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43
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Trk inhibition reduces cell proliferation and potentiates the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34860-80. [PMID: 27145455 PMCID: PMC5085195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer that may arise from neuronal precursors. Neurotrophins stimulate neuronal devlopment and plasticity. Here, we found that neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as their receptors (TrkA and TrkB, respectively) are expressed in ES tumors. Treatment with TrkA (GW-441756) or TrkB (Ana-12) selective inhibitors decreased ES cell proliferation, and the effect was increased when the two inhibitors were combined. ES cells treated with a pan-Trk inhibitor, K252a, showed changes in morphology, reduced levels of β-III tubulin, and decreased mRNA expression of NGF, BDNF, TrkA and TrkB. Furthermore, combining K252a with subeffective doses of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs resulted in a decrease in ES cell proliferation and colony formation, even in chemoresistant cells. These results indicate that Trk inhibition may be an emerging approach for the treatment of ES.
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44
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von Heyking K, Calzada-Wack J, Göllner S, Neff F, Schmidt O, Hensel T, Schirmer D, Fasan A, Esposito I, Müller-Tidow C, Sorensen PH, Burdach S, Richter GHS. The endochondral bone protein CHM1 sustains an undifferentiated, invasive phenotype, promoting lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1288-1301. [PMID: 28319320 PMCID: PMC5579336 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas (ES) are highly malignant, osteolytic bone or soft tissue tumors, which are characterized by EWS–ETS translocations and early metastasis to lung and bone. In this study, we investigated the role of the BRICHOS chaperone domain‐containing endochondral bone protein chondromodulin I (CHM1) in ES pathogenesis. CHM1 is significantly overexpressed in ES, and chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data demonstrate CHM1 to be directly bound by an EWS–ETS translocation, EWS‐FLI1. Using RNA interference, we observed that CHM1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation capacity of ES cells but decreased the expression of osteolytic genes such as HIF1A,IL6,JAG1, and VEGF. This was in line with the induction of the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+)‐stained osteoclasts in an orthotopic model of local tumor growth after CHM1 knockdown, indicating that CHM1‐mediated inhibition of osteomimicry might play a role in homing, colonization, and invasion into bone tissues. We further demonstrate that CHM1 enhanced the invasive potential of ES cells in vitro. This invasiveness was in part mediated via CHM1‐regulated matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression and correlated with the observation that, in an xenograft mouse model, CHM1 was essential for the establishment of lung metastases. This finding is in line with the observed increase in CHM1 expression in patient specimens with ES lung metastases. Our results suggest that CHM1 seems to have pleiotropic functions in ES, which need to be further investigated, but appears to be essential for the invasive and metastatic capacities of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina von Heyking
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Göllner
- Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oxana Schmidt
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Hensel
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - David Schirmer
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Fasan
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
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Pridgeon MG, Grohar PJ, Steensma MR, Williams BO. Wnt Signaling in Ewing Sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017. [PMID: 28647886 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wnt signaling plays a central role in development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation is a common event in many types of human cancer. Here we explore in detail the contributions of Wnt signaling to the initiation and maintenance of three types of saroma: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. This review provides an overview of the Wnt signaling pathway and explores in detail the current knowledge about its role in the initiation or maintenance of three tumor types: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has assessed the role(s) of Wnt signaling within these cell types. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic insights that have been gained from a number of recent studies to set the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Wnt signaling has emerged as a potentially critical pathway in maintaining the growth of these types of tumors. Given the fact that many new inhibitors of the pathway have recently or will soon enter Phase 1 clinical trials, it is likely that assessment of their activity in these tumor types will occur in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pridgeon
- Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J Grohar
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Thiel U, Schober SJ, Einspieler I, Kirschner A, Thiede M, Schirmer D, Gall K, Blaeschke F, Schmidt O, Jabar S, Ranft A, Alba Rubío R, Dirksen U, Grunewald TGP, Sorensen PH, Richter GHS, von Lüttichau IT, Busch DH, Burdach SEG. Ewing sarcoma partial regression without GvHD by chondromodulin-I/HLA-A*02:01-specific allorestricted T cell receptor transgenic T cells. Oncoimmunology 2017. [PMID: 28638739 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1312239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chondromodulin-I (CHM1) sustains malignancy in Ewing sarcoma (ES). Refractory ES carries a dismal prognosis and patients with bone marrow (BM) metastases do not survive irrespective of therapy. We assessed HLA-A*02:01/CHM1-specific allorestricted T cell receptor (TCR) wild-type and transgenic cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells against ES. Patients and Methods: Three refractory HLA-A2+ ES patients were treated with HLA-A*02:01/peptide-specific allorepertoire-derived (i.e., allorestricted) CD8+ T cells. Patient #1 received up to 4.8 × 105/kg body weight HLA-A*02:01- allorestricted donor-derived wild-type CD8+ T cells. Patient #2 received up to 8.2 × 106/kg HLA-A*02:01- donor-derived and patient #3 up to 6 × 106/kg autologous allorestricted TCR transgenic CD8+ T cells. All patients were treated with the same TCR complementary determining region 3 allorecognition sequence for CHM1 peptide 319 (CHM1319). Results: HLA-A*02:01/CHM1319-specific allorestricted CD8+ T cells showed specific in vitro lysis of all patient-derived ES cell lines. Therapy was well tolerated and did not cause graft versus host disease (GvHD). Patients #1 and #3 showed slow progression, whereas patient #2, while having BM involvement, showed partial metastatic regression associated with T cell homing to involved lesions. CHM1319 TCR transgenic T cells could be tracked in his BM for weeks. Conclusions: CHM1319-TCR transgenic T cells home to affected BM and may cause partial disease regression. HLA-A*02:01/antigen-specific allorestricted T cells proliferate in vivo without causing GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Einspieler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Schirmer
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Gall
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Blaeschke
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oxana Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Jabar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Ranft
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubío
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU, Munich.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grunewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU, Munich.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,CCC München Comprehensive Cancer Center and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Teichert von Lüttichau
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan E G Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,CCC München Comprehensive Cancer Center and German Translational Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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47
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Braune K, Volkmer I, Staege MS. Characterization of Alstrom Syndrome 1 (ALMS1) Transcript Variants in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170694. [PMID: 28135309 PMCID: PMC5279758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alstrom syndrome gene (ALMS1) is one of the largest disease associated genes identified today in the human genome and is implicated in cell cycle control, ciliogenesis, endosome recycling and intracellular transport mechanisms. ALMS1 mutations cause Alstrom syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. However, its function is not completely understood. DNA microarray analysis suggested that ALMS1 might be differentially expressed between Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells and normal tissues. By using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we detected low but variable expression of ALMS1 in HL cell lines with highest expression in KM-H2 cells. Immunofluorescence indicated centrosomal accumulation of ALMS1 protein in HL cells. Knock-down of ALMS1 in KM-H2 cells had no impact on viability or cytotoxic drug sensitivity of these cells. Sequencing of RT-PCR products from HL cell lines identified three variable regions in ALMS1 transcripts that affect exons 2, 13, and 23. One of these variants was characterized by splicing out of exon 13. The other variants are characterized by two alternative 5 prime ends or alternative 3 prime ends. Structure prediction of the corresponding RNAs and proteins suggest that the different transcript variants might affect posttranscriptional regulation and ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Braune
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ines Volkmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin S. Staege
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Kirschner A, Thiede M, Grünewald TGP, Alba Rubio R, Richter GHS, Kirchner T, Busch DH, Burdach S, Thiel U. Pappalysin-1 T cell receptor transgenic allo-restricted T cells kill Ewing sarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1273301. [PMID: 28344885 PMCID: PMC5353903 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1273301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA), also known as pappalysin, is a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family. PAPPA acts as a protease, cleaving IGF inhibitors, i.e., IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), thereby setting free IGFs. The insulin/IGF-axis is involved in cancer in general and in Ewing sarcoma (ES) in particular. ES is a highly malignant bone tumor characterized by early metastatic spread. PAPPA is associated with various cancers. It is overexpressed and required for proliferation in ES. PAPPA also stimulates normal bone growth. We isolated HLA-A*02:01+/peptide-restricted T cells from A*02:01− healthy donors directed against PAPPA, generated by priming with A*02:01+ PAPPA peptide loaded dendritic cells. After TCR identification, retrovirally TCR transduced CD8+ T cells were assessed for their in vitro specificity and in vivo efficacy in human ES bearing Rag2−/−γc−/− mice. Engraftment in mice and tumor infiltration of TCR transgenic T cells in the mice was evaluated. The TCR transgenic T cell clone PAPPA-2G6 demonstrated specific reactivity toward HLA-A*02:01+/PAPPA+ ES cell lines. We furthermore detected circulating TCR transgenic T cells in the blood in Rag2−/−γc−/− mice and in vivo engraftment in bone marrow. Tumor growth in mice with xenografted ES was significantly reduced after treatment with PAPPA-2G6 TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to controls. Tumors of treated mice revealed tumor-infiltrating PAPPA-2G6 TCR transgenic T cells. In summary, we demonstrate that PAPPA is a first-rate target for TCR-based immunotherapy of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschner
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubio
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich , München, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
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49
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Targeting the EWS-ETS transcriptional program by BET bromodomain inhibition in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1451-63. [PMID: 26623725 PMCID: PMC4811472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas (ES) are highly malignant bone or soft tissue tumors. Genetically, ES are defined by balanced chromosomal EWS/ETS translocations, which give rise to chimeric proteins (EWS-ETS) that generate an oncogenic transcriptional program associated with altered epigenetic marks throughout the genome. By use of an inhibitor (JQ1) blocking BET bromodomain binding proteins (BRDs) we strikingly observed a strong down-regulation of the predominant EWS-ETS protein EWS-FLI1 in a dose dependent manner. This was further enhanced by co-treatment with an inhibitor of the PI3K pathway. Microarray analysis further revealed JQ1 treatment to block a typical ES associated expression program. The effect on this expression program was mimicked by RNA interference with BRD3 or BRD4 expression, indicating that the EWS-FLI1 mediated expression profile is at least in part mediated via such epigenetic readers. Consequently, contact dependent and independent proliferation of different ES lines was strongly inhibited. Mechanistically, treatment of ES resulted in a partial arrest of the cell cycle as well as induction of apoptosis. Tumor development was suppressed dose dependently in a xeno-transplant model in immune deficient mice, overall indicating that ES may be susceptible to treatment with epigenetic inhibitors blocking BET bromodomain activity and the associated pathognomonic EWS-ETS transcriptional program.
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50
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van Maldegem AM, Bovée JVMG, Gelderblom H. Panobinostat-A Potential Treatment for Metastasized Ewing Sarcoma? A Case Report. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1840-3. [PMID: 27245095 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a form of primary bone cancer, with few treatment options for patients who develop relapse with an overall 5-year survival of 13%. New treatment options are needed and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show encouraging results in preclinical studies. Our patient developed inoperable progressive lung metastases and was treated with the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat. During 18 months of treatment, no new lesions appeared; the treatment was stopped due to progression. This clinical observation warrants further evaluation of HDAC inhibitors in ES. Combination with chemotherapy and biomarker studies could improve the therapeutic index of these classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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