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Singh Z, Holt SK, Gore JL, Nyame YA, Wright JL, Schade GR. Chronic Glucocorticoid Use and Risk for Advanced Prostate Cancer at Presentation: A SEER-Medicare Cohort Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:68-73.e2. [PMID: 37806926 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examine the relationship between exposure to systemic glucocorticoids (steroids) and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) at presentation. Prior work suggested that steroid use may be associated with increased PCa risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried the linked SEER-Medicare database (2004-2015) to identify PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa. Criteria for screening included a PSA lab test or DRE exam in both the 12 month and 13 to 36 month periods prior to diagnosis of PCa. Steroid exposure was determined using Medicare Part D and groups were divided based on duration of use in the 3 years prior to diagnosis: controls with no exposure, <30 days, 30 days - 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and >2+ years. Advanced PCa was defined as systemic metastases or regional lymph node metastasis at presentation. Risk estimates for advanced PCa at presentation for steroid exposure groups vs. controls were assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 22,920 PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa of which 29% used glucocorticoids in the exposure period. The mean (SD) duration for glucocorticoid use (in days) among all steroid users was 76.7 days (192.1). On univariable and multivariable analyses, > 2 years of steroid exposure was associated with significantly increased risk for advanced PCa (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.35-3.14 and OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.12-2.69, respectively). CONCLUSION In this population-based PSA-screened cohort, prolonged steroid use was associated with increased risk of advanced PCa at diagnosis. With the widespread use of glucocorticoids, it is important to consider the role steroids may play in PCa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar Singh
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Smith Institute for Urology at Northwell Health of the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Sarah K Holt
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - George R Schade
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
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2
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Wang A, Wan P, Hebert JR, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA. Atopic allergic conditions and prostate cancer risk and survival in the Multiethnic Cohort study. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:974-981. [PMID: 37488447 PMCID: PMC10491765 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating relationship between atopic allergic conditions (AACs)-a highly reactive immune state-and prostate cancer (PCa) risk were inconclusive, and few have studied diverse racial/ethnic populations. METHODS We analysed 74,714 men aged ≥45 years at enrollment in Multiethnic Cohort study. Using multivariable Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported AAC status on PCa outcomes. RESULTS Through 2017, 8697 incident PCa and 1170 related deaths occurred. Twenty-one percent of men reported a history of AACs. AACs were not associated with incident PCa (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.03) but were significantly inversely associated with PCa mortality (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.92). This inverse association was consistently observed across all racial/ethnic groups (HR range: 0.60-0.90). Among men diagnosed with PCa, AACs were inversely associated with PCa-specific death (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.89). Adjusting for potential confounding effect of PSA screening did not meaningfully change the results. No significant heterogeneity was observed in the effect of AACs on PCa incidence or mortality by Dietary Inflammatory Index. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-allergic conditions were not associated with PCa incidence but were inversely associated with PCa mortality, suggesting a potential role in reducing tumour progression. Further aetiological research is warranted to understand underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, US
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, US
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US.
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3
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Allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:428-434. [PMID: 36165426 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the intriguing relationships between allergies, allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders. Allergic diseases and cancer are increasing in incidence and prevalence and a potential relationship, or not, between these diseases have been suggested for many years. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggest that there may be some causative effects between certain types of cancer and allergic diseases, as described in the text. Some types of cancer may be more linked to the presence of an allergic disease, than others. However, epigenetic factors, such as tobacco smoke alcohol and toxic substances should also be taken into consideration. SUMMARY The association between allergy and cancer is complex and depends on the specific allergy and the specific organ under consideration. Regarding pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and glioma, all types of allergies were shown to be a protective factor. Conversely, asthma is a risk factor for lung cancer as is atopic dermatitis for skin cancer. Despite extensive research, no definite relationship has been determined, and no clear relationship, either positive or negative, to allergies can be observed. These results should be corroborated with large epidemiological well designed prospective studies due to some weaknesses in the previous investigations.
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4
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Tang S, Zhang Z, Oakley RH, Li W, He W, Xu X, Ji M, Xu Q, Chen L, Wellman AS, Li Q, Li L, Li JL, Li X, Cidlowski JA, Li X. Intestinal epithelial glucocorticoid receptor promotes chronic inflammation-associated colorectal cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151815. [PMID: 34784298 PMCID: PMC8783679 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic immunosuppressive glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to control inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the impact of GC signaling on intestinal tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here, we report that intestinal epithelial GC receptor (GR), but not whole intestinal tissue GR, promoted chronic intestinal inflammation-associated colorectal cancer in both humans and mice. In patients with colorectal cancer, GR was enriched in intestinal epithelial cells and high epithelial cell GR levels were associated with poor prognosis. Consistently, intestinal epithelium–specific deletion of GR (GR iKO) in mice increased macrophage infiltration, improved tissue recovery, and enhanced antitumor response in a chronic inflammation–associated colorectal cancer model. Consequently, GR iKO mice developed fewer and less advanced tumors than control mice. Furthermore, oral GC administration in the early phase of tissue injury delayed recovery and accelerated the formation of aggressive colorectal cancers. Our study reveals that intestinal epithelial GR signaling repressed acute colitis but promoted chronic inflammation–associated colorectal cancer. Our study suggests that colorectal epithelial GR could serve as a predictive marker for colorectal cancer risk and prognosis. Our findings further suggest that, although synthetic GC treatment for IBD should be used with caution, there is a therapeutic window for GC therapy during colorectal cancer development in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Central for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Wenling Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Weijing He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrated Bioinformatics, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Ming Ji
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Qing Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alicia S Wellman
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, United States of America
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5
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Zhao S, Li X, Wu W, Liu S, Shen M, Zhang Z, He J. Digoxin reduces the incidence of prostate cancer but increases the cancer-specific mortality: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14217. [PMID: 34414594 DOI: 10.1111/and.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Digoxin, a commonly used drug for congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, has been reported to exert cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. In this study, we aimed to perform a pooled analysis to summarise all the evidence related to the effects of digoxin on PCa development. Four electronic databases were systematically searched to filter the eligible studies. The hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021226885). Ten clinical studies with a total of 108,444 participants (15,835 individuals were digoxin users) were included. The pooled result from 6 included studies demonstrated that digoxin usage was correlated with a significant decrease in PCa risk (adjusted RR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.799-0.997, p = .044) when compared with the nonusers. Synthetic result of 4 eligible studies revealed that digoxin significantly correlated with higher prostate cancer-specific mortality than the controls (adjusted HR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.005-1.297). No statistical heterogeneity was detected during this analysis (all I2 < 50%, p > .1). Our study confirmed a preventive effect of digoxin usage for the risk of PCa in men. However, digoxin use was associated with a significantly elevated risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. This finding needs more well-designed studies to better interpret the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Shixiong Liu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zuzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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6
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Fereidouni M, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Current status and perspectives regarding the association between allergic disorders and cancer. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1322-1339. [PMID: 32458542 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While activation of immune system may lead to a lower risk of some diseases, it has been shown that a history of atopic allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergies could be related to several types of cancer. However, the evidence is not entirely conclusive. Two proposals suggest a possible mechanism for the association between allergic disorders and cancers: immune surveillance and the antigenic stimulation. The association of allergy and cancer may vary by cancer site and the type of exposure. The aim of current review was to summarize the current knowledge of the association between allergic diseases and the risk of cancers with particular emphasis on case-controls and cohort studies to estimate the cancer risk associated with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Immunology, Medical school Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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7
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Jiang X, Dimou NL, Zhu Z, Bonilla C, Lewis SJ, Lindström S, Kraft P, Tsilidis KK, Martin RM. Allergy, asthma, and the risk of breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:273-282. [PMID: 32006205 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship of allergic diseases, such as asthma, hay fever, and eczema, with cancer is under debate. Observational studies have reported conflicting findings, but such studies are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Understanding the potential role of allergy in carcinogenesis may shed new light on the biological mechanisms underpinning intrinsic immunity and cancer. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to determine the causal relevance of allergic disease and on two most common malignancies: breast cancer and prostate cancer. We used the summary statistics from the largest ever genome-wide association studies conducted on allergic disease (ncase = 180,129), asthma (ncase = 14,085), breast (ncase = 122,977), and prostate cancer (ncase = 79,148) and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer for allergic disease. RESULTS We did not observe any evidence to support a causal association between allergic disease and risk of breast cancer overall [OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.96-1.04), p = 0.95] or by subtype (estrogen receptor (ER)+ [0.99 (0.95-1.04), p = 0.71], ER- [1.05 (0.99-1.10), p = 0.11]). We also did not find any evidence for an association with prostate cancer [1.00 (0.94-1.05), p = 0.93] or advanced subtype [0.97 (0.90-1.05), p = 0.46]. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSION Our study does not support a causal effect of allergic disease on the risk of breast or prostate cancer. Future studies may be conducted to focus on understanding the causal role of allergic disease in cancer prognosis or drug responses (e.g., immunotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niki L Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Beckmann K, Russell B, Josephs D, Garmo H, Haggstrom C, Holmberg L, Stattin P, Van Hemelrijck M, Adolfsson J. Chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory medications and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:612. [PMID: 31226970 PMCID: PMC6588859 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether chronic inflammation increases prostate cancer risk remains unclear. This study investigated whether chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) or anti-inflammatory medication use (AIM) were associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods Fifty-five thousand nine hundred thirty-seven cases (all prostate cancer, 2007–2012) and 279,618 age-matched controls were selected from the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. CIDs and AIMs was determined from national patient and drug registers. Associations were investigated using conditional logistic regression, including for disease/drug subtypes and exposure length/dose. Results Men with a history of any CID had slightly increased risk of any prostate cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) but not ‘unfavourable’ (high-risk or advanced) prostate cancer. Generally, risk of prostate cancer was highest for shorter exposure times. However, a positive association was observed for asthma > 5 years before prostate cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.40). Risk of prostate cancer was increased with prior use of any AIMs (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.24–1.29). A positive trend with increasing cumulative dose was only observed for inhaled glucocorticoids (p < 0.011). Conclusion Detection bias most likely explains the elevated risk of prostate cancer with prior history of CIDs or use of AIMs, given the higher risk immediately after first CID event and lack of dose response. However, findings for length of time with asthma and dose of inhaled glucocorticoids suggest that asthma may increase risk of prostate cancer through other pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5846-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Beckmann
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. .,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Beth Russell
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debra Josephs
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hans Garmo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK.,Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel Haggstrom
- Department of Biobank Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Adolfsson
- CLINTEC-department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Van Hemelrijck M, Karagiannis SN, Rohrmann S. Atopy and prostate cancer: Is there a link between circulating levels of IgE and PSA in humans? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1557-1562. [PMID: 28795218 PMCID: PMC11029349 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopy has been investigated as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer. IgE antibodies may be major players in protective responses against tumours, through engendering antigen presentation and enhancing adaptive immune responses targeted towards a specific allergen, but potentially also against tumour-associated antigens such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We therefore cross-sectionally investigated associations between circulating levels of PSA and IgE in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. METHODS We focused on all men aged 40+ years with measurements for PSA and IgE, and no previous diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 1312). We estimated the association between total and specific IgE concentration and levels of PSA with logistic regression models, adjusted for age, ethnicity/race, education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity status, and history of asthma. RESULTS Both total IgE and the sum of specific IgE were inversely associated with the risk of having PSA levels ≥10 ng/mL, though most findings were not statistically significant. The odds ratios for the second and third tertile of total IgE as compared to the first were 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.72) and 0.42 (0.08-2.31). The odds ratio for sum of abnormal specific IgE measurements was 0.77 (0.44-1.34). CONCLUSION Despite statistical insignificance, the observed trend warrants further research given the increasing evidence of the role of atopy and IgE antibodies in protective responses against tumours. A lifecourse approach of measuring IgE, specific subtypes, and other markers of the humoral immune system (i.e. IgG) could shed more light on its potential anti-cancer characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, Vogelsangstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Zhu J, Song J, Liu Z, Han J, Luo H, Liu Y, Jia Z, Dong Y, Zhang W, Jiang F, Wu C, Sun Z, Zhong W. Association between allergic conditions and risk of prostate cancer: A Prisma-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35682. [PMID: 27767045 PMCID: PMC5073359 DOI: 10.1038/srep35682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between allergic conditions and prostate cancer risk has been investigated for many years. However, the results from available evidence for the association are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between allergic conditions (asthma, atopy, hay fever and “any allergy”) and risk of prostate cancer. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to screen observational studies meeting our meta-analysis criteria. Study selection and data extraction from included studies were independently performed by two authors. Twenty studies were considered eligible involving 5 case-control studies and 15 cohort studies. The summary relative risk (RR) for developing prostate cancer risk was 1.04 (95%CI: 0.92–1.17) for asthma, and 1.25 (95%CI: 0.74–2.10) for atopy, 1.04 (95%CI: 0.99–1.09) for hay fever, 0.96 (95%CI: 0.86–1.06) for any allergy. In the Subgroup and sensitivity analysis, similar results were produced. Little evidence of publication bias was observed. The present meta-analysis of observational studies indicates that no indication of an association between allergic conditions and risk of prostate cancer was found, and the meta-analysis does not support neither the original hypothesis of an overall cancer protective effect of allergic conditions, nor that of an opposite effect in the development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Respiratory &Critical Care medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yuanbo Dong
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Funeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Chinlee Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Departments of Pathology and Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zaolin Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
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11
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Shimizu S, Naitoh I, Nakazawa T, Hayashi K, Miyabe K, Kondo H, Nishi Y, Yoshida M, Umemura S, Hori Y, Kato A, Okumura F, Sano H, Hirata Y, Takada H, Ohara H, Joh T. Correlation between long-term outcome and steroid therapy in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: relapse, malignancy and side effect of steroid. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 50:1411-8. [PMID: 26061806 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) responds well to corticosteroid therapy (CST), and CST is essential to induce remission. However, the correlation between long-term outcome and CST has not been evaluated. We aimed to clarify the correlation between long-term outcome of AIP and CST. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated relapse, risk of malignancy and side effects of CST by focusing on the correlation with CST in 84 patients with type 1 AIP. RESULTS The incidence of relapse was 23.8%. The frequency of relapse after CST administration was significantly lower in patients taking CST for >6 months than in those who did not (22% versus 67%; p = 0.036). The incidence of malignancy was 10.7%. The standardized incidence ratio of malignancy was 2.14 [95% confidence interval 0.74-3.54]. There were no significant correlations between development of malignancy and CST. The incidences of total and serious side effects due to CST were 75% and 19.1%, respectively. Relapse was the only significant independent predictive risk factor for serious side effects in a multivariate analysis (odds ratio 4.065; 95% confidence interval 1.125-14.706; p = 0.032). The cumulative dose of corticosteroid was significantly higher in patients with serious side effects than in those without (12,645 mg versus 7322 mg; p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS CST reduces relapse of AIP. However, CST causes serious side effects, particularly in relapsing patients. Alternative maintenance therapy to prevent relapse is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
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12
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Raval AD, Madhavan S, Mattes MD, Sambamoorthi U. Association between Types of Chronic Conditions and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with Prostate Cancer. Popul Health Manag 2016; 19:445-453. [PMID: 27031642 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2015.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The current retrospective observational study was conducted to examine the association between types of chronic conditions and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. The study cohort consisted of elderly men (≥66 years) with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 (N = 103,820). Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized versus advanced) was derived using the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. Chronic conditions were identified during the year before cancer diagnosis and classified as: (1) only cardiometabolic (CM); (2) only mental health (MH); (3) only respiratory (RESP); (4) CM + MH; (5) CM + RESP; (6) MH + RESP; (7) CM+ MH + RESP; and (8) none of the 3 types of conditions. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used to test the unadjusted and adjusted associations between types of chronic conditions and cancer stage at diagnosis. The highest percentage (5.8%) of advanced prostate cancer was observed among elderly men with none of the 3 types of chronic conditions (CM, RESP, MH). In the adjusted logistic regression, those with none of the 3 types of chronic conditions were 44% more likely to be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer compared to men with all the 3 types of chronic conditions. Elderly men without any of the selected chronic conditions were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer; therefore, strategies to reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer should be targeted toward elderly men without these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Raval
- 1 Healthcore Inc. , Wilmington, Delaware.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Suresh Madhavan
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Malcolm D Mattes
- 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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13
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Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies in Western countries have examined the association between asthma and prostate cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We investigated this association in a large, nationwide, population-based case-cohort study. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2008, we collected data from 12,372 men, including 4124 with asthma and 8248 age-, residence-, and insurance premium-matched control subjects, who were never diagnosed with asthma. Competing risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for determining the association between prostate cancer and asthma. During a mean follow-up of 5.05 years (standard deviation, 2.10), there were 74 cases of prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer was 163.0/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 113.0-228.0) in the asthma patients. Asthma was significantly associated with prostate cancer (HR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.22-4.57; P = 0.011) after adjusting for age, residential area, insurance premium, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, duration of hospitalization, and mortality. In the subgroup analysis, independent risk factors for prostate cancer among men with asthma were age (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.21; P < 0.001) and hypertension (HR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.24-7.80; P = 0.047). The results of our study suggest that men with asthma have an increased risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Su
- From the Division of Hematology-Oncology (Y-LS, K-MR), Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology (C-LC), Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung; College of Medicine (K-MR), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan; Department of Public Health (CT-CL), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; and Department of Health Promotion and Health Education (CT-CL), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Platz EA, Drake CG, Wilson KM, Sutcliffe S, Kenfield SA, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Camargo CA, Giovannucci E. Asthma and risk of lethal prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:949-58. [PMID: 25648070 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, and more generally, the immune response are thought to influence the development of prostate cancer. To determine the components of the immune response that are potentially contributory, we prospectively evaluated the association of immune-mediated conditions, asthma and hayfever, with lethal prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We included 47,880 men aged 40-75 years with no prior cancer diagnosis. On the baseline questionnaire in 1986, the men reported diagnoses of asthma and hayfever and year of onset. On the follow-up questionnaires, they reported new asthma and prostate cancer diagnoses. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate relative risks (RRs). In total, 9.2% reported ever having been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 25.3% reported a hayfever diagnosis at baseline. During 995,176 person-years of follow-up by 2012, we confirmed 798 lethal prostate cancer cases (diagnosed with distant metastases, progressed to distant metastasis or died of prostate cancer [N = 625]). Ever having a diagnosis of asthma was inversely associated with risk of lethal (RR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51-1.00) and fatal (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.96) disease. Hayfever with onset in the distant past was possibly weakly positively associated with risk of lethal (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.92-1.33) and fatal (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.91-1.37) disease. Men who were ever diagnosed with asthma were less likely to develop lethal and fatal prostate cancer. Our findings may lead to testable hypotheses about specific immune profiles in the etiology of lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Urology, and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G Drake
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Urology, and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.,The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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15
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Weiss D, El-Zein M, Rousseau MC, Richard H, Karakiewicz PI, Parent MÉ. Asthma, allergy and the risk of prostate cancer: results from the Montreal PROtEuS study. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:695-9. [PMID: 25453783 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The few previous studies examining the association between asthma or allergy and prostate cancer (PCa) risk were inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate these associations, and to explore in details the possible influence of current versus former allergic condition, age at onset, time since onset, and duration of each allergic condition. METHODS Detailed information on self-reported asthma and allergy was collected in the context of a large population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada. Study subjects included 1936 cases, diagnosed between 2005 and 2009, and 1995 population controls. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for age, ancestry and familial history of prostate cancer. RESULTS The ORs were 1.11 (95% CI: 0.89-1.40) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.84-1.14) for ever reporting of asthma and allergy, respectively. These ORs did not substantially vary according to status (former or current), age at onset, time since onset, and duration of each allergic condition. PCa screening was not associated with allergic diseases reporting. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings are in line with the absence of an association between a history of asthma or allergy, and PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Weiss
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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16
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Chronic disease burden among cancer survivors in the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2009-2010. J Cancer Surviv 2014; 8:448-59. [PMID: 24715532 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-014-0350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System estimates that 56.6 % of cancer survivors report ever being diagnosed with a chronic disease. Few studies have assessed potential variability in comorbidity by cancer type. METHODS We used data collected from a representative sample of adult participants in the 2009 and 2010 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 18,807). Chronic diseases were examined with cancer survivorship in case/non-case and case/case analyses. Prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment on race, sex, age, education, smoking, and drinking. RESULTS Obesity was associated with gynecological cancers (PR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.26-2.41), and being overweight was associated with gynecological (PR 1.40; 95 % CI 1.05-1.86) and urinary (PR 2.19; 95 % CI 1.21-3.95) cancers. Arthritis was associated with infection-related (PR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.12-2.83) and hormone-related (PR 1.20; 95 % CI 1.01-1.42) cancers. Asthma was associated with infection- (PR 2.26; 95 % CI 1.49-3.43), hormone- (PR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.21-1.77), and tobacco- (PR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.25-2.77) related cancers. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was associated with infection- (PR 2.16; 95 % CI 1.22-3.83) and tobacco-related (PR 2.24; 95 % CI 1.37-3.66) cancers and with gynecological cancers (PR 1.60; 95 % 1.00-2.56). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine chronic disease burden among cancer survivors in California. Our findings suggest that the chronic disease burden varies by cancer etiology. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS A clear need has emerged for future biological and epidemiological studies of the interaction between chronic disease and cancer etiology in survivors.
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17
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Kawate H, Kohno M, Matsuda Y, Akehi Y, Tanabe M, Horiuchi T, Ohnaka K, Nomura M, Yanase T, Takayanagi R. Long-term study of subclinical Cushing's syndrome shows high prevalence of extra-adrenal malignancy in patients with functioning bilateral adrenal tumors. Endocr J 2014; 61:1205-12. [PMID: 25223468 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) is characterized by subtle autonomous cortisol secretion from adrenal tumors without specific signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. Patients with SCS have a high prevalence of "lifestyle-related diseases," such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. Long-term follow-up of SCS patients is reportedly indispensable for establishing indications for surgical treatment of SCS. We performed a follow-up survey of 27 patients with SCS (median: 5.3 years) and compared those who had undergone surgical treatment (n=15) with those who had not (n=12). The mean diameter of tumors was 31 mm; 16 (59%) patients had unilateral lesions and 11 (41%) carried bilateral ones. In 67% and 60% of the treatment group, respectively, hypertension and diabetes mellitus improved. We also noticed that eight of 11 (73%) SCS patients with bilateral adrenal tumors had extra-adrenal malignancies in various tissues. Interestingly, among nine SCS patients who had malignancies, eight showed bilateral adrenal uptake in ¹³¹I-aldosterol scintigraphy. The results imply that surgical treatment can reduce cardiovascular risks in SCS patients. Screening for malignancy may be necessary in patients with bilateral adrenal tumors suspected of autonomous hypersecretion of cortisol from both sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaya Kawate
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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18
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Seguro LP, Rosario C, Shoenfeld Y. Long-term complications of past glucocorticoid use. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:629-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Ostenfeld EB, Erichsen R, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Riis AH, Sørensen HT. Use of systemic glucocorticoids and the risk of colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:146-52. [PMID: 23116185 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressants, potentially facilitating carcinogenesis. Studies examining glucocorticoids and colorectal cancer risk are few. AIM To investigate the association between use of systemic glucocorticoids and colorectal cancer risk, both overall and by cancer stage (localised versus metastatic). METHODS We conducted a nested population-based case-control study in Northern Denmark (1.8 million people) using medical registries. The study included 14,158 patients with a first-time diagnosis of colorectal cancer from 1991 through 2010. Using risk set sampling, we identified 141,580 population controls, matched on age and gender. Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Frequent use of systemic glucocorticoids (defined as >2 prescriptions) was not associated with overall colorectal cancer risk [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85-1.00)], compared with never/rare use (≤2 prescriptions). Associations according to duration of use and doses (quartiles of cumulative prednisolone equivalents) were also near the null. Examining colorectal cancer by stage, no substantial associations were found between long-term use (>5 years) of high-dose (>5500 mg) systemic glucocorticoids and localised [aOR = 1.12 (95% CI: 0.81-1.55)] or metastatic [aOR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.59-1.14)] cancer. CONCLUSION Despite immunological and metabolic effects of frequent use of systemic glucocorticoids, which would be expected to increase colorectal cancer risk, we found no substantial association between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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20
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Turner MC. Epidemiology: allergy history, IgE, and cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1493-510. [PMID: 22183126 PMCID: PMC11028502 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated potential associations between allergy history and cancer risk with strong inverse associations reported in studies of pancreatic cancer, glioma, and childhood leukemia. Recently, there has been a rapid expansion of the epidemiological literature both of studies evaluating self-reported allergy history in relation to cancer risk and of studies evaluating biological indicators of allergy history and immune function including levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E. However, there are several potential methodological limitations associated with prior studies, and further research is required to clarify associations observed. This paper summarizes the recent epidemiological literature examining associations between allergy history and cancer risk. From 2008, a total of 55 epidemiological studies were identified that examined some aspect of the association between allergy and cancer. Although the majority of studies examined self-reported allergy history in relation to cancer risk, there were also studies examining allergy diagnoses or discharges as captured in existing administrative databases, levels of IgE, polymorphisms of allergy, inflammatory- or allergy-related cytokine genes, and concentrations of immune regulatory proteins. The most frequently studied cancer sites included brain and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Potential methodological sources of bias are discussed as well as recommendations for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, One Stewart Street, Room 313, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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21
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Rittmeyer D, Lorentz A. Relationship between Allergy and Cancer: An Overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:216-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000338994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Holmes AM, Solari R, Holgate ST. Animal models of asthma: value, limitations and opportunities for alternative approaches. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:659-70. [PMID: 21723955 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma remains an area of considerable unmet medical need. Few new drugs have made it to the clinic during the past 50 years, with many that perform well in preclinical animal models of asthma, failing in humans owing to lack of safety and efficacy. The failure to translate promising drug candidates from animal models to humans has led to questions about the utility of in vivo studies and to demand for more predictive models and tools based on the latest technologies. Following a workshop with experts from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, we suggest here a disease modelling framework designed to better understand human asthma, and accelerate the development of safe and efficacious new asthma drugs that go beyond symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Holmes
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, 20 Park Crescent, London, W1B 1AL, UK.
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23
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Hwang CY, Chen YJ, Lin MW, Chen TJ, Chu SY, Chen CC, Lee DD, Chang YT, Wang WJ, Liu HN. Cancer risk in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1160-7. [PMID: 21455988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has long been a debate that whether atopy is a risk factor or protective factor for cancer. However, no large-scale study of different cancers in patients with atopic diseases has been conducted among Asians. Here, we conducted a nationwide study to evaluate the cancer risk in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Drawing on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 225,315 patients with AR, 107,601 patients with asthma and 34,263 patients with AD without prior cancers were identified in the period from 1996 to 2008. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) of each cancer was calculated. Although the overall cancer risks in patients with atopic symptoms were not increased, the risks were slightly elevated in female patients with AR or asthma (SIR: 1.13 and 1.08, AR and asthma, respectively) and slightly decreased in males patients with AR. Those aged 20-39 years-old possessed the highest risk. A higher risk of developing brain cancer was found in patients with atopic diseases, and patient with AR or asthma also had an elevated risk of developing cancer of kidney and urinary bladder. In contrast, the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer was lower in patients with AR and asthma. Compared to patients with only one atopic disease, those with more than one atopic disease had lower cancer risks. Our data suggests that the association between atopy and cancer is site-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Yaw Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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