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Ding Z, Han L, Zhang Q, Hu J, Li L, Qian X. Membrane Trafficking-Related Genes Predict Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1413-1427. [PMID: 37615899 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. The identification of distinct subgroups of CRC patients based on molecular profiling can aid in better understanding the disease and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential of membrane trafficking-related genes (MTRGs) in sub-grouping colorectal cancer patients based on their overall survival and immune microenvironments. Consensus clustering analysis identified two distinct clusters with different expression profiles of membrane trafficking-related genes. The patients in cluster 1 had a significantly better overall survival than those in cluster 2. Furthermore, the immune microenvironments in the two clusters were also found to be significantly different, with cluster 1 having a higher immune score and more immune cells present. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes between the two clusters revealed that MTRGs were involved in immune response and metabolic processes, and a risk signature model based on MTRGs was established to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. These findings suggest that MTRGs play a crucial role in the immune microenvironment and overall survival of CRC patients and may provide a potential target for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ding
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang C, Pan G, Qin JJ. Role of F-box proteins in human upper gastrointestinal tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189035. [PMID: 38049014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination and degradation is an essential physiological process in almost all organisms. As the key participants in this process, the E3 ubiquitin ligases have been widely studied and recognized. F-box proteins, a crucial component of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulates diverse biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by facilitating the degradation of substrate proteins. Currently, there is an increasing focus on studying the role of F-box proteins in cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the significant contributions of F-box proteins to the development of upper gastrointestinal tumors, highlighting their dual roles as both carcinogens and tumor suppressors. We delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of F-box proteins in upper gastrointestinal tumors, exploring their interactions with specific substrates and their cross-talks with other key signaling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of F-box proteins in radiotherapy resistance in the upper gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing their potential as clinical therapeutic and prognostic targets. Overall, this review provides an up-to-date understanding of the intricate involvement of F-box proteins in human upper gastrointestinal tumors, offering valuable insights for the identification of prognostic markers and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhang
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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Hua X, Zou R, Bai X, Yang Y, Lu J, Huang C. Differential functions of RhoGDIβ in malignant transformation and progression of urothelial cell following N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine exposure. BMC Biol 2023; 21:181. [PMID: 37635218 PMCID: PMC10463823 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional role of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (RhoGDIβ) in tumor biology appears to be contradictory across various studies. Thus, the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential functions of this protein in urinary bladder carcinogenesis is highly significant in the field. Here, RhoGDIβ expression patterns, biological functions, and mechanisms leading to transformation and progression of human urothelial cells (UROtsa cells) were evaluated following varying lengths of exposure to the bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). RESULTS It was seen that compared to expression in vehicle-treated control cells, RhoGDIβ protein expression was downregulated after 2-month of BBN exposure, but upregulated after 6-month of exposure. Assessments of cell function showed that RhoGDIβ inhibited UROtsa cell growth in cells with BBN for 2-month exposure, whereas it promoted the invasion of cells treated with BBN for 6 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2-month of BBN exposure markedly attenuated DNMT3a abundance, and this led to reduced miR-219a promoter methylation, increased miR-219a binding to the RhoGDIβ mRNA 3'UTR, and reduced RhoGDIβ protein translation. While after 6-mo of BBN treatment, the cells showed increased PP2A/JNK/C-Jun axis phosphorylation and this in turn mediated overall RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression as well as invasion. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that RhoGDIβ is likely to inhibit the transformation of human urothelial cells during the early phase of BBN exposure, whereas it promotes invasion of the transformed/progressed urothelial cells in the late stage of BBN exposure. The studies also suggest that RhoGDIβ may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the progression of human bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ronghao Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Hui T, Yiling J, Guangqun C, Ran L, Hui L, Lan Y, Jie H, Su Q. Diallyl disulfide downregulating RhoGDI2 induces differentiation and inhibit invasion via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1063-1077. [PMID: 36793247 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of disease in which hematopoietic stem cells proliferate clonally at the genetic level. We discovered previously by high-resolution mass spectrometry that diallyl disulfide (DADS), which is one of the effective ingredients of garlic, reduces the performance of RhoGDI2 from APL HL-60 cells. Although RhoGDI2 is oversubscribed in several cancer categories, the effect of RhoGDI2 in HL-60 cells has remained unexplained. We aimed to investigate the influence of RhoGDI2 on DADS-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to elucidate the association among the effect of inhibition or over-expression of RhoGDI2 with HL-60 cell polarization, migration and invasion, which is important for establishing a novel generation of inducers to elicit leukemia cell polarization. Co-transfection with RhoGDI2-targeted miRNAs apparently decreases the malignant biological behavior of cells and upregulates cytopenias in DADS-treated HL-60 cell lines, which increases CD11b and decreases CD33 and mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. Meanwhile, we generated HL-60 cell lines with high-expressing RhoGDI2. The proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of such cells were significantly increased by the treated with DADS, while the reduction capacity of the cells was decreased. There was a reduction in CD11b and an increase in CD33 production, as well as an increase in the mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. It also confirmed that inhibition of RhoGDI2 attenuates the EMT cascade via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of HL-60 cells. Thus, we considered that inhibition of RhoGDI2 expression might be a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia. The anti-cancer property of DADS against HL-60 leukemia cells might be regulated by RhoGDI2 through the Rac1-Pak1-LIMK1 pathway, which provides new evidence for DADS as a clinical anti-cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hui
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiang Yiling
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chen Guangqun
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Liu Ran
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - He Jie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qi Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Hyperactivation of p21-Activated Kinases in Human Cancer and Therapeutic Sensitivity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020462. [PMID: 36830998 PMCID: PMC9953343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, p21-activated kinases (PAKs) have emerged as prominent intracellular nodular signaling molecules in cancer cells with a spectrum of cancer-promoting functions ranging from cell survival to anchorage-independent growth to cellular invasiveness. As PAK family members are widely overexpressed and/or hyperactivated in a variety of human tumors, over the years PAKs have also emerged as therapeutic targets, resulting in the development of clinically relevant PAK inhibitors. Over the last two decades, this has been a promising area of active investigation for several academic and pharmaceutical groups. Similar to other kinases, blocking the activity of one PAK family member leads to compensatory activity on the part of other family members. Because PAKs are also activated by stress-causing anticancer drugs, PAKs are components in the rewiring of survival pathways in the action of several therapeutic agents; in turn, they contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance. This, in turn, creates an opportunity to co-target the PAKs to achieve a superior anticancer cellular effect. Here we discuss the role of PAKs and their effector pathways in the modulation of cellular susceptibility to cancer therapeutic agents and therapeutic resistance.
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Yi B, Hu Y, Zhu D, Yao J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, He Z, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Yang J, Tang Y, Huang Y, Li D, Liu Q. RhoGDI2 induced malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells via regulating Snail expression. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:561-569. [PMID: 35147897 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been shown to contribute to the aggressive phenotypes of human cancers, such as tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of RhoGDI2 on tumor progression and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS The expression of RhoGDI2 in pancreatic cancer cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were done to examine the malignant phenotypes of the RhoGDI2-expressing or RhoGDI2-depleting cells. The correlation between RhoGDI2 and Snail was also analyzed. RESULTS Differential expression of RhoGDI2 protein in pancreatic cancer cell lines was identified. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that RhoGDI2 induced the malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and gemcitabine (GEM) chemoresistance. The upregulation of RhoGDI2 stimulated the expression of Snail, resulting in the altered expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and mesenchymal marker Vimentin, which were characteristics of the tumorigenic activity of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The expression of RhoGDI2 and Snail was upregulated in clinical tumor samples, and higher expression of RhoGDI2 or Snail was significantly associated with poor patient survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that RhoGDI2 promoted GEM resistance and tumor progression in pancreatic cancer and that RhoGDI2 might be a potential therapeutic target in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuhua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, No. 68 Jiyang Western Road, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Li T, Yang Z, Li H, Zhu J, Wang Y, Tang Q, Shi Z. Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1) overexpression is associated with tumor growth and poor survival in IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas in adult patients. J Transl Med 2022; 102:143-153. [PMID: 34697421 PMCID: PMC8784314 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and recalcitrant intracranial tumors, approximately a quarter of which are classified as lower-grade gliomas (WHO II-III). Although the prognosis of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) is significantly better than that of higher-grade gliomas, as a highly heterogeneous tumor type, the prognosis of LGGs varies greatly based on the molecular diagnosis. IDH wild-type used to be regarded as a dismal prognostic biomarker in LGGs; however, several studies revealed that IDH wild-type LGGs might not always be equivalent to glioblastoma (WHO IV). Hence, we hypothesize that underlying biological events in LGGs can result in different prognosis. In our study, transcriptome profiling was performed in 24 samples of LGG, and the results showed that the expression of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1) was significantly correlated with IDH1/2 status and patients' clinical outcome. Furthermore, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) databases verified that elevated PLCG1 expression was associated with tumor progression and poor survival in LGG patients. Moreover, PLCG1-targeted siRNA dramatically affected the growth, migration and invasiveness of IDH wild-type LGG cell lines. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the PLC-targeted drug significantly suppressed the tumor growth of IDH wild-type LGG cell lines in vitro and tumors in mouse models. Taken together, our results demonstrated that higher PLCG1 expression was associated with tumor growth and worse prognosis in IDH wild-type LGGs and PLCG1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for IDH wild-type LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Brain Function Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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Kim HJ, Ryu KJ, Kim M, Kim T, Kim SH, Han H, Kim H, Hong KS, Song CY, Choi Y, Hwangbo C, Kim KD, Yoo J. RhoGDI2-Mediated Rac1 Recruitment to Filamin A Enhances Rac1 Activity and Promotes Invasive Abilities of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010255. [PMID: 35008419 PMCID: PMC8750349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2), a regulator of Rho family GTPase, has been known to promote tumor growth and malignant progression by activating Rac1 in gastric cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which RhoGDI2 activates Rac1 in gastric cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that interaction between RhoGDI2 and Rac1 is a prerequisite for the recruitment of Rac1 to Filamin A. Moreover, we found that Filamin A acts as a scaffold protein that mediates Rac1 activation. Furthermore, we found that Trio, a Rac1-specific GEF, is critical for Rac1 activation in gastric cancer cells. Conclusively, RhoGDI2 increases Rac1 activity by recruiting Rac1 to Filamin A and enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and Trio, which is critical for invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Our findings suggest that RhoGDI2 might be a potential therapeutic target for reducing gastric cancer cell metastasis. Abstract Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2), a regulator of Rho family GTPase, has been known to promote tumor growth and malignant progression in gastric cancer. We previously showed that RhoGDI2 positively regulates Rac1 activity and Rac1 activation is critical for RhoGDI2-induced gastric cancer cell invasion. In this study, to identify the precise molecular mechanism by which RhoGDI2 activates Rac1 activity, we performed two-hybrid screenings using yeast and found that RhoGDI2 plays an important role in the interaction between Rac1, Filamin A and Rac1 activation in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we found that Filamin A is required for Rac1 activation and the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Depletion of Filamin A expression markedly reduced Rac1 activity in RhoGDI2-expressing gastric cancer cells. The migration and invasion ability of RhoGDI2-expressing gastric cancer cells also substantially decreased when Filamin A expression was depleted. Furthermore, we found that Trio, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), is critical for Rac1 activation and the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, we conclude that RhoGDI2 increases Rac1 activity by recruiting Rac1 to Filamin A and enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and Trio, which is critical for the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Ki-Jun Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyeontak Han
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Keun-Seok Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Chae Yeong Song
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Yeonga Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1327
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Mehri M, Gheitasi R, Pourbagher R, Ranaee M, Nayeri K, Rahimi SM, Khorasani HR, Hossein-Nattaj H, Sabour D, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S, Kalali B, Mostafazadeh A. Ninety-six-hour starved peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatant inhibited LA7 breast cancer stem cells induced tumor via reduction in angiogenesis and alternations in Gch1 and Spr expressions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025933. [PMID: 36908807 PMCID: PMC9996193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microenvironment of solid tumors such as breast cancer is heterogeneous and complex, containing different types of cell, namely, cancer stem cells and immune cells. We previously reported the immunoregulatory behavior of the human immune cell in a solid tumor microenvironment-like culture under serum starvation stress for 96 h. Here, we examined the effect of this culture-derived solution on breast cancer development in rats. Method Ninety-six-hour starved PBMCs supernatant (96 h-SPS) was collected after culturing human PBMCs for 96 h under serum starvation condition. Breast cancer stem cells, LA7 cell line, was used for in vitro study by analyzing gene expression status and performing cytotoxicity, proliferation, scratch wound healing assays, followed by in vivo tumor induction in three groups of mature female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 96 h-SPS or RPMI and normal saline as control, n = 6 for each group. After biochemical analysis of iron, lactate, and pH levels in the dissected tumors, Ki67 antigen expression, angiogenesis, and necrosis evaluation were carried out. Metabolic-related gene expression was assessed using RT-qPCR. Moreover, 96 h-SPS composition was discovered by Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Results 96 h-SPS solution reduced the LA7 cell viability, proliferation, and migration and Gch1 and Spr genes expression in vitro (p< 0.05), whereas stemness gene Oct4 was upregulated (p< 0.01). The intracellular lactate was significantly decreased in the 96 h-SPS treated group (p = 0.007). In this group, Gch1 and Spr were significantly downregulated (p< 0.05), whereas the Sox2 and Oct4 expression was not changed significantly. The number of vessels and mitosis (Ki67+ cells) in the 96 h-SPS-treated group was significantly reduced (p = 0.024). The increased rate of necrosis in this group was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Last, proteomics analysis revealed candidate effectors' components of 96 h-SPS solution. Conclusion 96 h-SPS solution may help to prevent cancer stem cell mediated tumor development. This phenomenon could be mediated through direct cytotoxic effects, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in association with reduction in Gch1 and Spr genes expression, angiogenesis and mitosis rate, and necrosis augmentation. The preliminary data obtained from the present study need to be investigated on a larger scale and can be used as a pilot for further studies on the biology of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Gheitasi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nayeri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorasani
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hossein-Nattaj
- Immunology Department, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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10
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Peng Y, Zhao J, Yin F, Sharen G, Wu Q, Chen Q, Sun X, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang D. A methylation-driven gene panel predicts survival in patients with colon cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2490-2506. [PMID: 34184409 PMCID: PMC8409306 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic changes in colonic epithelial cells has been identified as one of the fundamental processes that drive the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to explore functional genes regulated by DNA methylation and their potential utilization as biomarkers for the prediction of CRC prognoses. Methylation‐driven genes (MDGs) were explored by applying the integrative analysis tool (methylmix) to The Cancer Genome Atlas CRC project. The prognostic MDG panel was identified by combining the Cox regression model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to determine the pathways associated with the six‐MDG panel. Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) expression and methylation in CRC samples were validated by using additional datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Methylation‐specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing were used to confirm DNA methylation in CRC cell lines. A prognostic MDG panel consisting of six gene members was identified: TMEM88, HOXB2, FGD1, TOGARAM1, ARHGDIB and CD40. The high‐risk phenotype classified by the six‐MDG panel was associated with cancer‐related biological processes, including invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment. The prognostic value of the six‐MDG panel was found to be independent of tumor node metastasis stage and, in combination with tumor node metastasis stage and age, could help improve survival prediction. In addition, the expression of CD40 was confirmed to be regulated by promoter region methylation in CRC samples and cell lines. The proposed six‐MDG panel represents a promising signature for estimating the prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Peng
- Emergency Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Graduate, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Scientific Research Administration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gaowa Sharen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Free Trade Zone Hospital, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Scientific Research Administration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Wang H, Lu Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Wang X, Li Y. Roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and their effects on cisplatin resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:193-212. [PMID: 33392633 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers with high incidence and mortality rates, its pathogenesis is still not elucidated. GC carcinogenesis is complicated and involved in the activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of tumor suppressors. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for protein degradation and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. E3 ubiquitin ligases are pivotal enzymes in UPS, containing various subfamily proteins. Previous studies report that some E3 ligases, including SKP2, CUL1, and MDM2, act as oncoproteins in GC carcinogenesis. On the other hand, FBXW7, FBXL5, FBXO31, RNF43, and RNF180 exert as tumor suppressors in GC carcinogenesis. Moreover, E3 ligases modulate cell growth, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle; thus, it is complicated to confer cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in GC cells. The intrinsic and acquired cisplatin resistance limits its clinical application against GC. In this review, we explore oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of E3 ligases in GC carcinogenesis and focus on the effects of E3 ligases on cisplatin resistance in GC cells, which will provide novel therapeutic targets for GC therapy, especially for cisplatin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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12
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Zeng Y, Ren M, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Su J, Su B, Xia H, Liu F, Jiang H, Ling H, Zeng X, Su Q. Knockdown of RhoGDI2 represses human gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:136-146. [PMID: 32860848 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common primary malignancy in humans. Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) is overexpressed in multiple cancer types, but the role of RhoGDI2 in GC has not been elucidated. This study aims to determine the level of RhoGDI2 in GC and to confirm the effect of its inhibition or overexpression on GC cell migration, invasion and chemosensitivity. RhoGDI2 level is significantly enhanced in human GC tissue samples in comparison with normal gastric epithelium and corresponding para-cancerous samples. The expression of RhoGDI2 is correlated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Transfection in combination with miRNA targeting of RhoGDI2 in GC cell lines remarkably downregulates GC cell migration and invasion and reduces the mRNA levels of Rac1, Pak1 and LIMK1. The inhibition of RhoGDI2 downregulates GC cell migration and invasion by attenuating the EMT cascade via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway. Knockdown of RhoGDI2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, China
| | - Mei Ren
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China
| | - Jian Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China; Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China
| | - Bo Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China; Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Provincial University, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China.
| | - Qi Su
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, China.
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13
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Hodge RG, Schaefer A, Howard SV, Der CJ. RAS and RHO family GTPase mutations in cancer: twin sons of different mothers? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:386-407. [PMID: 32838579 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RAS and RHO family comprise two major branches of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins function as regulated molecular switches and control cytoplasmic signaling networks that regulate a diversity of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell migration. In the early 1980s, mutationally activated RAS genes encoding KRAS, HRAS and NRAS were discovered in human cancer and now comprise the most frequently mutated oncogene family in cancer. Only recently, exome sequencing studies identified cancer-associated alterations in two RHO family GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA. RAS and RHO proteins share significant identity in their amino acid sequences, protein structure and biochemistry. Cancer-associated RAS mutant proteins harbor missense mutations that are found primarily at one of three mutational hotspots (G12, G13 and Q61) and have been identified as gain-of-function oncogenic alterations. Although these residues are conserved in RHO family proteins, the gain-of-function mutations found in RAC1 are found primarily at a distinct hotspot. Unexpectedly, the cancer-associated mutations found with RHOA are located at different hotspots than those found with RAS. Furthermore, since the RHOA mutations suggested a loss-of-function phenotype, it has been unclear whether RHOA functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer development. Finally, whereas RAS mutations are found in a broad spectrum of cancer types, RHOA and RAC1 mutations occur in a highly restricted range of cancer types. In this review, we focus on RHOA missense mutations found in cancer and their role in driving tumorigenesis, with comparisons to cancer-associated mutations in RAC1 and RAS GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Hodge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah V Howard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Dysregulation of Rho GTPases in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051179. [PMID: 32392742 PMCID: PMC7281333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play central roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression, by regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is observed in a broad range of human cancers, and is associated with cancer development and malignant phenotypes, including metastasis and chemoresistance. Rho GTPase activity is precisely controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is also regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of Rho GTPases, and the precise mechanisms controlling their activity in the regulation of cancer progression. In addition, we discuss targeting strategies for the development of new drugs to improve cancer therapy.
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15
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Ginkgolic acid (GA) suppresses gastric cancer growth by inducing apoptosis and suppressing STAT3/JAK2 signaling regulated by ROS. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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16
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Cho HJ, Kim JT, Baek KE, Kim BY, Lee HG. Regulation of Rho GTPases by RhoGDIs in Human Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091037. [PMID: 31492019 PMCID: PMC6769525 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) play important roles in various cellular processes, including cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation, by regulating the functions of the Rho GTPase family. Dissociation of Rho GTPases from RhoGDIs is necessary for their spatiotemporal activation and is dynamically regulated by several mechanisms, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation, and protein interaction. The expression of RhoGDIs has changed in many human cancers and become associated with the malignant phenotype, including migration, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer agents. Here, we review how RhoGDIs control the function of Rho GTPases by regulating their spatiotemporal activity and describe the regulatory mechanisms of the dissociation of Rho GTPases from RhoGDIs. We also discuss the role of RhoGDIs in cancer progression and their potential uses for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Eun Baek
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Cancer Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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17
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Xu J, Hua X, Jin H, Zhu J, Li Y, Li J, Huang C. NFκB2 p52 stabilizes rhogdiβ mRNA by inhibiting AUF1 protein degradation via a miR-145/Sp1/USP8-dependent axis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:777-793. [PMID: 30604907 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although overexpression of the non-canonical NFκB subunit p52 has been observed in several tumors, the function and mechanism of p52 in bladder cancer (BC) are less well understood. Here, we aimed at understanding the role and mechanism underlying p52 regulation of BC invasion. Human p52 was stably knockdown with shRNA targeting p52 in two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and UMUC3). Two constitutively expressing constructs, p52 and p100, were stably transfected in to T24 or UMUC3, respectively. The stable transfectants were used to determine function and mechanisms responsible for p52 regulation of BC invasion. We demonstrate that p52 mediates human BC invasion. Knockdown of p52 impaired bladder cancer invasion by reduction of rhogdiβ mRNA stability and expression. Positively regulation of rhogdiβ mRNA stability was mediated by p52 promoting AUF1 protein degradation, consequently resulting in reduction of AUF1 binding to rhogdiβ mRNA. Further studies indicated that AUF1 protein degradation was mediated by upregulating USP8 transcription, which was modulated by its negative regulatory transcription factor Sp1. Moreover, we found that p52 upregulated miR-145, which directly bound to the 3'-UTR of sp1 mRNA, leading to downregulation of Sp1 protein translation. Our results reveal a comprehensive pathway that p52 acts as a positive regulator of BC invasion by initiating a novel miR-145/Sp1/USP8/AUF1/RhoGDIβ axis. These findings provide insight into the understanding of p52 in the pathology of human BC invasion and progression, which may be useful information in the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for using p52 as a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yang Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chuangshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
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18
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Lu JB, Li RY. Gene expression profiling in digestive tract tumors: From basic research to clinical practice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1966-1978. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i34.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling is a new method that can be used to study the whole genome function. It is also a comprehensive research technique combining life science with information science. Gene expression profiles have not only been thoroughly and fundamentally studied in digestive tract tumors with regard to gene function, pathogenesis, gene network regulation, and biological characteristics, but also been applied to clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, molecular typing, targeted therapy, and other aspects. However, it is still necessary to fully mine and utilize the huge amount of data generated continuously in this process, effectively standardize the construction and management of the existing gene expression database, gradually realize data sharing, and strengthen the quality control of gene expression profiling technology in order to make the gene expression profiling technology become more stable and rapid in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ru-Yi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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19
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Li W, Ng JMK, Wong CC, Ng EKW, Yu J. Molecular alterations of cancer cell and tumour microenvironment in metastatic gastric cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4903-4920. [PMID: 29795331 PMCID: PMC6127089 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term metastasis is widely used to describe the endpoint of the process by which tumour cells spread from the primary location to an anatomically distant site. Achieving successful dissemination is dependent not only on the molecular alterations of the cancer cells themselves, but also on the microenvironment through which they encounter. Here, we reviewed the molecular alterations of metastatic gastric cancer (GC) as it reflects a large proportion of GC patients currently seen in clinic. We hope that further exploration and understanding of the multistep metastatic cascade will yield novel therapeutic targets that will lead to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Li
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jennifer Mun-Kar Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Enders Kwok Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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20
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Yu Y, Jin H, Xu J, Gu J, Li X, Xie Q, Huang H, Li J, Tian Z, Jiang G, Chen C, He F, Wu XR, Huang C. XIAP overexpression promotes bladder cancer invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo via enhancing nucleolin-mediated Rho-GDIβ mRNA stability. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2040-2055. [PMID: 29250796 PMCID: PMC5867227 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies demonstrate that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is essential for regulating colorectal cancer invasion. Here, we discovered that RhoGDIβ was a key XIAP downstream effector mediating bladder cancer (BC) invasion in vitro and in vivo. We found that both XIAP and RhoGDIβ expressions were consistently elevated in BCs of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-treated mice in comparison to bladder tissues from vehicle-treated mice and human BCs in comparison to the paired adjacent normal bladder tissues. Knockdown of XIAP attenuated RhoGDIβ expression and reduced cancer cell invasion, whereas RhoGDIβ expression was attenuated in BBN-treated urothelium of RING-deletion knockin mice. Mechanistically, XIAP stabilized RhoGDIβ mRNA by its positively regulating nucleolin mRNA stability via Erks-dependent manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of GFP-RhoGDIβ in T24T(shXIAP) cells restored its lung metastasis in nude mice. Our results demonstrate that XIAP-regulated Erks/nucleolin/RhoGDIβ axis promoted BC invasion and lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Caiyi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Feng He
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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21
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Liu Y, Wei X, Guan L, Xu S, Yuan Y, Lv D, He X, Zhan J, Kong Y, Guo J, Zhang H. Unconventional myosin VIIA promotes melanoma progression. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209924. [PMID: 29361540 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosin VIIA (Myo7a) is an actin-based motor molecule that normally functions in the cochlear hair cells of the inner ear. Mutations of MYO7A/Myo7a have been implicated in inherited deafness in both humans and mice. However, there is limited information about the functions of Myo7a outside of the specialized cells of the ears. Herein, we report a previously unidentified function of Myo7a by demonstrating that it plays an important role in melanoma progression. We found that silencing Myo7a by means of RNAi inhibited melanoma cell growth through upregulation of cell cycle regulator p21 (also known as CDKN1A) and suppressed melanoma cell migration and invasion through downregulation of RhoGDI2 (also known as ARHGDIB) and MMP9. Furthermore, Myo7a depletion suppressed melanoma cell metastases to the lung, kidney and bone in mice. In contrast, overexpression of Myo7a promoted melanoma xenograft growth and lung metastasis. Importantly, Myo7a levels are remarkably elevated in human melanoma patients. Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time that Myo7a is able to function in non-specialized cells, a finding that reveals the complicated disease-related roles of Myo7a, especially in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lizhao Guan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sidi Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyu Lv
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaokun He
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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22
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Jang HJ, Suh PG, Lee YJ, Shin KJ, Cocco L, Chae YC. PLCγ1: Potential arbitrator of cancer progression. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:179-189. [PMID: 29174396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is an essential mediator of cellular signaling. PLC regulates multiple cellular processes by generating bioactive molecules such as inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These products propagate and regulate cellular signaling via calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and activation of protein kinase C (PKC), other kinases, and ion channels. PLCγ1, one of the primary subtypes of PLC, is directly activated by membrane receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and adhesion receptors such as integrin. PLCγ1 mediates signaling through direct interactions with other signaling molecules via SH domains, as well as its lipase activity. PLCγ1 is frequently enriched and mutated in various cancers, and is involved in the processes of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. Although many studies have suggested that PLCγ functions in cell mobility rather than proliferation in cancer, questions remain as to whether PLCγ regulates mitogenesis and whether PLCγ promotes or inhibits proliferation. Moreover, how PLCγ regulates cancer-associated cellular processes and the interplay among other proteins involved in cancer progression have yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of PLCγ1 in cancer mobility and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Young Chan Chae
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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23
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von Klot CA, Dubrowinskaja N, Peters I, Hennenlotter J, Merseburger AS, Stenzl A, Kuczyk MA, Serth J. Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor-β in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8190-8196. [PMID: 29250194 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor-β (ARHGDIB) is an important mediator of cell signaling. The expression of ARHGDIB is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of non-genitourinary cancers; however, the role of ARHGDIB in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, tissue samples from 105 patients undergoing surgery for RCC were obtained. The expression levels of ARHGDIB mRNA in normal kidney tissues and in corresponding cancer tissues were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Differences in relative mRNA expression levels were assessed using paired two-sample t-tests. Expression levels were analyzed with respect to various clinical parameters, and associations were tested using a bivariate logistic regression model. Relative mRNA expression levels in healthy renal tissues compared with cancerous tissues from the same kidney were assessed using paired t-tests. Expression data were compared with respect to survival data by the Kaplan-Meier method/Cox regression analysis. The results revealed that the relative mRNA expression level of ARHGDIB was significantly higher in the lysates of RCC tumor tissues (P<0.001) when compared with healthy renal tissues in a paired analysis of 74 samples; this finding was consistent with the analysis of ARHGDIB mRNA expression levels in all RCC samples, as well as in the subset of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) samples. The relative mRNA expression level of ARHGDIB was also increased in ccRCC tissues compared with papillary RCC tissues (P<0.001). On univariate Cox regression analysis, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly associated with metastasis, locally advanced disease and tumor grade (P=0.018, P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, in the subgroup of patients with ccRCC, increased ARHGDIB mRNA expression was significantly associated with a longer RFS time (P=0.001). In summary, the results indicate that ARHGDIB mRNA is highly expressed in RCC tissues in general and is positively associated with RFS in ccRCC. As ARHGDIB has a known effect on angiogenesis and immune modulation, the present study suggests that the functional analysis of ARHGDIB should be performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Dubrowinskaja
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Peters
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, Campus Lübeck University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Campus Lübeck University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Serth
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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24
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Park T, Lee YJ, Jeong SH, Choi SK, Jung EJ, Ju YT, Jeong CY, Park M, Hah YS, Yoo J, Ha WS, Hong SC, Ko GH. Overexpression of Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2017; 17:228-236. [PMID: 28970953 PMCID: PMC5620092 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Enolase is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the overexpression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can serve as a prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess its prognostic value in GC, NSE expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a clinically annotated tissue microarray comprising of 327 human GC specimens. Cytoplasmic NSE expression was scored from 0 to 4, reflecting the percentage of NSE-positive cells. RESULTS In terms of histology as per the World Health Organization criteria (P=0.340), there were no differences between the NSE overexpression (NSE-OE) and NSE underexpression (NSE-UE) groups. The NSE-OE group showed a significantly lower rate of advanced GC (P<0.010), lymph node metastasis (P=0.010), advanced stage group (P<0.010), cancer-related death (P<0.010), and cancer recurrence (P<0.010). Additionally, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the NSE-OE group had longer cumulative survival times than the NSE-UE group (log-rank test, P<0.010). However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of NSE expression in patients with GC and healthy volunteers (P=0.280). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NSE overexpressing GC tissues showed better prognostic results, implying that NSE could be a candidate biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Park
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Ju
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chi-Young Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Miyeong Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Department of Microbiology/Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Natural Sciences, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo-Song Ha
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon-Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Institue of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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25
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Lai MC, Zhu QQ, Owusu-Ansah KG, Zhu YB, Yang Z, Xie HY, Zhou L, Wu LM, Zheng SS. Prognostic value of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1395-1402. [PMID: 28789355 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) are pivotal regulators of Rho GTPases, which are essential for tumor progression, yet their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of RhoGDIs in the invasiveness and migration of liver cancer, and to determine their clinical prognostic significances in HCC following liver transplantation (LT). In the present study, the expression of RhoGDIs was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by western-blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Their prognostic values were also analyzed, and determined in patients treated with LT. In addition, the functions of RhoGDIs in liver cancer cell line were studied in vitro. As a result, the downregulation of RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2 at mRNA and protein levels were detected in HCC when compared with that of adjacent noncancerous tissues (P<0.05). However, the level of RhoGDI3 was identified to be similar in tumor and para-carcinoma tissues. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients with lower expression of RhoGDI1 or RhoGDI2 exhibited significantly increased risk of tumor recurrence following LT (P=0.007 and P=0.006, respectively). Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that the decreased expression level of RhoGDI2 was an unfavorable independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.306; P=0.001). In vitro studies involving the silencing of RhoGDI1 or RhoGDI2 demonstrated a significant increase in the migratory and invasive ability of tumor cells upon the silencing of these genes. Results from the present study indicate that RhoGDI dysregulation is a frequent event in human HCC, and that it promotes cancer progression by stimulating cell migration and invasion. RhoGDI2 may be a prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC following LT, and act as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Lai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kwabena-Gyabaah Owusu-Ansah
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Bo Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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26
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Yazdian-Robati R, Ahmadi H, Riahi MM, Lari P, Aledavood SA, Rashedinia M, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Comparative proteome analysis of human esophageal cancer and adjacent normal tissues. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:265-271. [PMID: 28392898 PMCID: PMC5378963 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Ranking as the sixth commonest cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. One of the main reasons for the low survival of patients with esophageal cancer is its late diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We used proteomics approach to analyze ESCC tissues with the aim of a better understanding of the malignant mechanism and searching candidate protein biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. The differential protein expression between cancerous and normal esophageal tissues was investigated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Then proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) and MASCOT web based search engine. Results: We reported 4 differentially expressed proteins involved in the pathological process of esophageal cancer, such as annexinA1 (ANXA1), peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), transgelin (TAGLN) andactin-aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2). Conclusion: In this report we have introduced new potential biomarker (ACTA2). Moreover, our data confirmed some already known markers for EC in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homa Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Matbou Riahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Lari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Aledavood
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiation oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
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27
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O'Neill JR, Pak HS, Pairo-Castineira E, Save V, Paterson-Brown S, Nenutil R, Vojtěšek B, Overton I, Scherl A, Hupp TR. Quantitative Shotgun Proteomics Unveils Candidate Novel Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC)-specific Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1138-1150. [PMID: 28336725 PMCID: PMC5461543 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the majority of patients have systemic disease at presentation. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), the predominant subtype in western countries, is largely resistant to current chemotherapy regimens. Selective markers are needed to enhance clinical staging and to allow targeted therapies yet there are minimal proteomic data on this cancer type. After histological review, lysates from OAC and matched normal esophageal and gastric samples from seven patients were subjected to LC MS/MS after tandem mass tag labeling and OFFGEL fractionation. Patient matched samples of OAC, normal esophagus, normal stomach, lymph node metastases and uninvolved lymph nodes were used from an additional 115 patients for verification of expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Over six thousand proteins were identified and quantified across samples. Quantitative reproducibility was excellent between technical replicates and a moderate correlation was seen across samples with the same histology. The quantitative accuracy was verified across the dynamic range for seven proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the originating tissues. Multiple novel tumor-specific candidates are proposed and EPCAM was verified by IHC. This shotgun proteomic study of OAC used a comparative quantitative approach to reveal proteins highly expressed in specific tissue types. Novel tumor-specific proteins are proposed and EPCAM was demonstrated to be specifically overexpressed in primary tumors and lymph node metastases compared with surrounding normal tissues. This candidate and others proposed in this study could be developed as tumor-specific targets for novel clinical staging and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert O'Neill
- From the ‡Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh University; Robert.o'.,§Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
| | - Hui-Song Pak
- ¶Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- ‖Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh.,**MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh University
| | - Vicki Save
- ‡‡Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
| | | | - Rudolf Nenutil
- §§Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- §§Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno
| | - Ian Overton
- ‖Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh.,**MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh University
| | - Alex Scherl
- ¶Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva
| | - Ted R Hupp
- From the ‡Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh University.,§§Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno
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28
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Liu J, Gao J, Li F, Ma R, Wei Q, Wang A, Wu J, Ruan K. NMR characterization of weak interactions between RhoGDI2 and fragment screening hits. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3061-3070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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De Paepe ME, Chu S, Hall SJ, McDonnell-Clark E, Heger NE, Schorl C, Mao Q, Boekelheide K. Intussusceptive-like angiogenesis in human fetal lung xenografts: Link with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated microvascular dysangiogenesis? Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:477-88. [PMID: 26495956 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fetal lung xenografts display an unusual pattern of non-sprouting, plexus-forming angiogenesis that is reminiscent of the dysmorphic angioarchitecture described in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological correlates, growth characteristics and molecular regulation of this aberrant form of graft angiogenesis. METHODS Fetal lung xenografts, derived from 12 previable fetuses (15 to 22 weeks' gestation) and engrafted in the renal subcapsular space of SCID-beige mice, were analyzed 4 weeks posttransplantation for morphology, vascularization, proliferative activity and gene expression. RESULTS Focal plexus-forming angiogenesis (PFA) was observed in 60/230 (26%) of xenografts. PFA was characterized by a complex network of tortuous nonsprouting vascular structures with low endothelial proliferative activity, suggestive of intussusceptive-type angiogenesis. There was no correlation between the occurrence of PFA and gestational age or time interval between delivery and engraftment. PFA was preferentially localized in the relatively hypoxic central subcapsular area. Microarray analysis suggested altered expression of 15 genes in graft regions with PFA, of which 7 are known angiogenic/lymphangiogenic regulators and 5 are known hypoxia-inducible genes. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed significant upregulation of SULF2, IGF2, and HMOX1 in graft regions with PFA. CONCLUSION These observations in human fetal lungs ex vivo suggest that postcanalicular lungs can switch from sprouting angiogenesis to an aberrant intussusceptive-type of angiogenesis that is highly reminiscent of BPD-associated dysangiogenesis. While circumstantial evidence suggests hypoxia may be implicated, the exact triggering mechanisms, molecular regulation and clinical implications of this angiogenic switch in preterm lungs in vivo remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Sharon Chu
- b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Susan J Hall
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Elizabeth McDonnell-Clark
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Nicholas E Heger
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- c Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Quanfu Mao
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
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Zhao Z, Song Y, Piao D, Liu T, Zhao L. Identification of genes and long non-coding RNAs associated with the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1301-10. [PMID: 26177842 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a lethal disease characterized by high diffusivity and mortality. To examine the mechanisms involved in gastric cancer, we analyzed the microarray of GSE41476. GSE41476 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and included 3 primary cell culture samples from gastric cancer tissues, 3 gastric cancer cell lines and 2 normal tissue samples. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by Cuffdiff software. Functions of the DEGs were predicted by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. The interaction relationships of the proteins encoded by DEGs that were obtained from the STRING database and protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network were visualized using Cytoscape. Modules analysis of PPI network was performed using CFinder. Moreover, lncRNA analysis was performed. A total of 86 lncRNAs, and 1,088 up- and 1,537 downregulated transcriptions were screened. For DEGs in module A of the PPI network for upregulated genes, the enriched pathways included ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion, both of which involved COL and ITG genes. The COL genes interacted with the ITG genes (e.g., COL1A1‑ITGA5 and COL1A2‑ITGB1). For DEGs in module B of the PPI network for downregulated genes, the enriched pathways for DEGs included the T‑cell receptor signaling pathway, which involved PIK3CG and PIK3R5. PIK3CG had an interaction relationship with PIK3R5. In addition, IL7 was co-expressed with TCONS-00068220. In summary, the results showed that COL and ITG genes, PIK3CG, PIK3R5, IL7 and lncRNA TCONS‑00068220 may play a role in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Daxun Piao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Huang T, Yang J, Cai YD. Novel candidate key drivers in the integrative network of genes, microRNAs, methylations, and copy number variations in squamous cell lung carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:358125. [PMID: 25802847 PMCID: PMC4352729 DOI: 10.1155/2015/358125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of lung cancer are highly complex. Not only mRNA gene expression but also microRNAs, DNA methylation, and copy number variation (CNV) play roles in tumorigenesis. It is difficult to incorporate so much information into a single model that can comprehensively reflect all these lung cancer mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the 129 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) squamous cell lung carcinoma samples with gene expression, microRNA expression, DNA methylation, and CNV data. First, we used variance inflation factor (VIF) regression to build the whole genome integrative network. Then, we isolated the lung cancer subnetwork by identifying the known lung cancer genes and their direct regulators. This subnetwork was refined by the Bayesian method, and the directed regulations among mRNA genes, microRNAs, methylations, and CNVs were obtained. The novel candidate key drivers in this refined subnetwork, such as the methylation of ARHGDIB and HOXD3, microRNA let-7a and miR-31, and the CNV of AGAP2, were identified and analyzed. On three large public available lung cancer datasets, the key drivers ARHGDIB and HOXD3 demonstrated significant associations with the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Our results provide new insights into lung cancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China ; Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Karagoz K, Sinha R, Arga KY. Triple negative breast cancer: a multi-omics network discovery strategy for candidate targets and driving pathways. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:115-30. [PMID: 25611337 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 15% of breast cancers and is characterized by lack of expression of both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), together with absence of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). TNBC has attracted considerable attention due to its aggressiveness such as large tumor size, high proliferation rate, and metastasis. The absence of clinically efficient molecular targets is of great concern in treatment of patients with TNBC. In light of the complexity of TNBC, we applied a systematic and integrative transcriptomics and interactomics approach utilizing transcriptional regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks to discover putative transcriptional control mechanisms of TNBC. To this end, we identified TNBC-driven molecular pathways such as the Janus kinase-signal transducers, and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. The multi-omics molecular target and biomarker discovery approach presented here can offer ways forward on novel diagnostics and potentially help to design personalized therapeutics for TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karagoz
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Cho HJ, Park SM, Kim IK, Nam IK, Baek KE, Im MJ, Yoo JM, Park SH, Ryu KJ, Han HT, Kim HJ, Hong SC, Kim KD, Pak Y, Kim JW, Lee CW, Yoo J. RhoGDI2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via induction of Snail in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1554-64. [PMID: 24721928 PMCID: PMC4039231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) expression correlates with tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Here, we show that RhoGDI2 functions in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is responsible for invasiveness during tumor progression. This tumorigenic activity is associated with repression of E-cadherin by RhoGDI2 via upregulation of Snail. Overexpression of RhoGDI2 induced phenotypic changes consistent with EMT in gastric cancer cells, including abnormal epithelial cell morphology, fibroblast-like properties, and reduced intercellular adhesion. RhoGDI2 overexpression also resulted in decreased expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin and increased expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin. Importantly, RhoGDI2 overexpression also stimulated the expression of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin and inducer of EMT, but not other family members such as Slug or Twist. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Snail expression suppressed RhoGDI2-induced EMT and invasion, confirming that the effect was Snail-specific. These results indicate that RhoGDI2 plays a critical role in tumor progression in gastric cancer through induction of EMT. Targeting RhoGDI2 may thus be a useful strategy to inhibit gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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RhoGDI2 expression in astrocytes after an excitotoxic lesion in the mouse hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:167-74. [PMID: 25274045 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) originally downregulates Rho family GTPases by preventing nucleotide exchange and membrane association. Although RhoGDI2 functions as a metastasis regulator, little is known in glial cells under neuropathological conditions. We monitored RhoGDI2 expression in the mouse brain after administering a kainic acid(KA)-induced excitotoxic lesion. In control, RhoGDI2 immunoreactivity (IR) was evident in the neuronal layer of the hippocampus. However, RhoGDI2 IR was increased in astrocytes markedly throughout the hippocampus at day 3 post-treatment with KA. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of RhoGDI2-induced cellular migration, primary astrocytes were transfected with the flag-tagged RhoGDI2 cDNA. Cell migration assay revealed that RhoGDI2 cDNA transfection inhibits astrocyte migration. Overexpression of RhoGDI2 leads to inhibit protein kinase B (PKB) activation and cdc42 and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. In conclusion, our results suggested for the first time that RhoGDI2 is required for PKB and CREB activation and cdc42 expression in astrocyte migration after KA-mediated excitotoxic lesion in mouse brain.
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Niu H, Wu B, Peng Y, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, He P. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of RhoGDI2 induces the migration and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:409-19. [PMID: 25266803 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene for cellular migration and invasion. However, the underlying mechanism and effector targets of RhoGDI2 in lung cancer are still not fully understood. In this study, a vector-expressed small hairpin RNA (shRNA) of RhoGDI2 was transfected into the human lung cancer cell line A549. After the successful transfection, the down-regulation of RhoGDI2 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro through the increasing expression and activities of the matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and PI3K/Akt pathways. Transiently transfecting the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of MMP-9 into the RhoGDI2 shRNA cells reduced the MMP-9 expression. Both transfecting the siRNA and adding the MMP-9 antibody into the RhoGDI2 shRNA cells led to a decrease in the invasion and migration of the lung cancer cells. The blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002 resulted in abolishment of the effects of RhoGDI2 shRNA in Akt phosphorylation and MMP-9 expression. This result suggests that the down-regulated RhoGDI2 contributed to the migration and invasion of the lung cancer cell line via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and the ensuing increase in the expression and activity of MMP-9. In conclusion, we report that the shRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoGDI2 induces the invasion and migration of lung cancer due to cross-talk with the PI3K/Akt pathway and MMP-9. Verifying the role and molecular mechanism of the participation of RhoGDI2 in the migration and invasion of lung cancer may provide a target for better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
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Koh SA, Kim MK, Lee KH, Kim SW, Kim JR. RhoGDI2 is associated with HGF-mediated tumor invasion through VEGF in stomach cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:805-15. [PMID: 25253431 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been identified as a regulator of tumor metastasis; however, its role in cancer remains controversial. The aims of this study were to analyze RhoGDI2 in gastric cancer growth and metastasis, and to determine its possible signaling pathway. The level of expression of RhoGDI2 was further confirmed by real time RT-RCR and Western blot analysis. Transfection of cells with RhoGDI2 shRNA resulted in no effects of cell proliferation, as determined with MTT assays. In an in vitro invasion assay, significantly fewer cells transfected with RhoGDI2 shRNA, compared with control cells, were able to invade across a Matrigel membrane barrier. The role of RhoGDI2 in the level of HGF-induced up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by knockdown of RhoGDI2 with RhoGDI2 shRNA and a chromatic immuno-precipitation assay. The levels of RhoGDI2 and VEGF were up-regulated in cells treated with HGF in a dose-dependent manner. HGF-induced up-regulation of VEGF was repressed by RhoGDI2 knockdown. HGF-induced upregulation of phosphorylated ERK and P38 levels was inhibited in RhoGDI2 knockdown cells. HGF enhanced the binding activity of RhoGDI2 to the VEGF promoter in control cells, but not in RhoGDI2-shRNA cells. Findings of this study also showed a statistically significant difference in the mean RhoGDI2 level before and after surgery (p < 0.01) and the mean level of RhoGDI2 before surgery showed a statistically significant difference depending on lymphatic, neural invasion and stage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RhoGDI2 might play an important role in up-regulation of VEGF induced by HGF and contributes to HGF-mediated tumor invasion and metastasis, which may serve as a promising target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ae Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong, Taegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
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14-3-3σ attenuates RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance through activation of Erk and p38 in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2045-56. [PMID: 24185104 PMCID: PMC3875768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) promotes tumor growth and malignant progression and enhances chemoresistance of gastric cancer. Recently, we noted an inverse correlation between RhoGDI2 and 14-3-3σ expression, which suggests that 14-3-3σ is a target of gastric cancer metastasis and the chemoresistance-promoting effect of RhoGDI2. Herein, we evaluated whether 14-3-3σ is regulated by RhoGDI2 and is functionally important for the RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells. We used highly metastatic and cisplatin-resistant RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells and observed decreased 14-3-3σ mRNA and protein expression. Depletion of 14-3-3σ in SNU-484 control cells enhanced cisplatin resistance, whereas restoration of 14-3-3σ in RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells impaired cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the phosphorylation levels of Erk and p38 kinases significantly decreased in RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells and recovered after 14-3-3σ expression, and that decreased activities of these kinases were critical for RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance. In conclusion, 14-3-3σ is a RhoGDI2-regulated gene that appears to be important for suppressing the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells.
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Fang Y, Yi J, Lizhi L, Qiucheng C. Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta promotes cell proliferation and invasion by modulating the AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:781-6. [PMID: 25180836 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta, (RhoGDI2), has been identified as a proto-oncogene that is upregulated in human cancers, but the role of RhoGDI2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the RhoGDI2 expression level in HCC tissues and the function of RhoGDI2 in HCC cell growth and metastasis. We examined the RhoGDI2 mRNA expression level in 64 sets of HCC tissue and their adjacent nontumor tissue counterparts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro proliferation and invasion assays were conducted to determine the effect of RhoGDI2 on the ability of HCC cells to proliferate and invade, respectively. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine expression levels of RhoGDI2p-AKT, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in HCC cells. RhoGDI2 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in the HCC specimens compared with the nonneoplastic liver specimens, and the RhoGDI2 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the HCC cell lines, especially the highly metastatic cell lines 97L and 97H. To further investigate the role that RhoGDI2 plays in HCC, we overexpressed RhoGDI2 using a lentivirus-mediated overexpression technique in two HCC cell lines (Huh7 and 7721) that endogenously express a low level of RhoGDI2. Stable cells overexpressing RhoGDI2 demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, our additional findings indicated that RhoGDI2-mediated cellular invasion requires the PI3K/Akt signaling-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our findings suggest that RhoGDI2 plays an important role in HCC growth and invasion and should be considered a novel HCC therapeutic target candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fujian, China
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TAT-RhoGDI2, a novel tumor metastasis suppressor fusion protein: expression, purification and functional evaluation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9633-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yi B, Hu Y, Qin G, Gu W, Zhu X, He S, Zhou J, Li D. Depletion of RhoGDI2 expression inhibits the ability of invasion and migration in pancreatic carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:205-12. [PMID: 24788627 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been identified as a regulator of tumor metastasis, although its role in tumor progression remains controversial. In this study, we examined the expression of RhoGDI2 in PC tissues and cell lines. To investigate the function of RhoGDI2 in PC cells, RhoGDI2 expression was depleted in PANC-1 and Patu8988 cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). RhoGDI2 was found to be overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) tissues and PC cell lines. Additionally, the results showed that depletion of RhoGDI2 significantly inhibited cell motility and invasion in vitro, but did not affect cell proliferation. The clinical study together with the experimental data confirmed that RhoGDI2 modulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Taken together, findings of the present study indicated that RhoGDI2 is involved in pancreatic tumor malignancy and metastasis. Thus, RhoGDI2 is a potential target for the gene therapy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - You Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Gongzhao Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Liu S, Cui H, Li Q, Zhang L, Na Q, Liu C. RhoGDI2 Is Expressed in Human Trophoblasts and Involved in Their Migration by Inhibiting the Activation of RAC11. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:88. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Kamal AHM, Han BS, Choi JS, Cho K, Kim SY, Kim WK, Lee SC, Bae KH. Proteomic analysis of the effect of retinoic acids on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3499-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ni S, Zhao J, Fu Z, Liu H. Lentivirus vector-mediated Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 2 induces beta-2 adrenergic receptor desensitization in β2AR desensitization mice model. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:118-25. [PMID: 24605225 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-known that chronic administration of β2AR agonists can induce β2AR desensitization. Our previous study showed that Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) overexpression induced beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) desensitization in airway smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to further study the function of RhoGDI2 in β2AR desensitization by β2AR desensitization mouse model. METHODS Studies were performed using a β2AR desensitization mice model induced by salbutamol. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=45): RhoGDI2 overexpression group (n=10); RhoGDI2 siRNA group (n=10); empty viral vector group (n=10); experimental control group (n=10); blank control group-without any drug treatment (n=5). The first four groups were used the same methods and the same dose to establish β2AR desensitization mice model by salbutamol. The first three groups that salbutamol-treated were used for intratracheal delivery of lentiviral vectors. Airway hyperreactivity was measured through a whole-body plethysmograph system. RhoGDI2, β2AR, GRK2 mRNA and protein expression levels were then detected by RT-PCR and western blot analyses in fresh lung tissues. As well as the activity of GRK was assessed by light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin. RESULTS We successfully constructed β2AR desensitization mouse model. As expected, airway responsiveness after inhaling acetylcholine chloride (Ach) was markedly increased in the RhoGDI2 overexpression group compared to experimental control group and blank control group when concentrations of Ach was 45 mg/mL (all P<0.05), while, it was markedly decreased in the RhoGDI2 siRNA group compared to experimental control group (P<0.05). RhoGDI2, GRK2 expressions and GRK enzymatic activity were significantly increased in RhoGDI2 overexpression group compared to experimental control group and blank control group (all P<0.05). RhoGDI2, GRK2 expressions and GRK enzymatic activity were significantly decreased in RhoGDI2 siRNA group compared to experimental control group and blank control group (all P<0.05). Conversely, β2AR expression were significantly lower in RhoGDI2 overexpression group compared to experimental control group and blank control group (all P<0.05), exhibiting an inverse correlation with RhoGDI2 expression. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, our present studies found that RhoGDI2 might induce β2AR desensitization and GRK2 might take part in RhoGDI2-mediated β2AR desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhenxue Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Cho HJ, Kim IK, Park SM, Baek KE, Nam IK, Park SH, Ryu KJ, Choi J, Ryu J, Hong SC, Jeong SH, Lee YJ, Ko GH, Kim J, Won Lee C, Soo Kang S, Yoo J. VEGF-C mediates RhoGDI2-induced gastric cancer cell metastasis and cisplatin resistance. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1553-63. [PMID: 24585459 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) expression is correlated with tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance in gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms by which RhoGDI2 promotes tumor cell survival and metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we clearly demonstrate that RhoGDI2 upregulates VEGF-C expression and RhoGDI2 expression is positively correlated with VEGF-C expression in human gastric tumor tissues as well as parental gastric cancer cell lines. VEGF-C depletion suppressed RhoGDI2-induced gastric cancer metastasis and sensitized RhoGDI2-overexpressing cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Secreted VEGF-C enhanced gastric cancer cell invasion and conferred cisplatin resistance to RhoGDI2-overexpressing cells. We also show that RhoGDI2 positively regulates Rac1 activity in gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of Rac1 expression suppressed RhoGDI2-induced VEGF-C expression, and this inhibition was associated with decreased invasiveness and increased sensitivity to cisplatin in RhoGDI2-overexpressing cells. Our results indicate that RhoGDI2 might be a potential therapeutic target for simultaneously reducing metastasis risk and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in gastric cancer.
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Shi G, Tian DA, He XX, Liao JZ. Clinicopathological significance of expression of RhoGDI2 in gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2832-2837. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i27.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of RhoGTPase dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) in gastric cancer, and to assess its correlation with clinicopathological characteristic of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RhoGDI2 in 103 gastric cancer specimens.
RESULTS: RhoGDI2 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm or the nucleus. The positive rate of RhoGDI2 protein expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer than in normal gastric tissue (72.82% vs 0.00%, χ2 = 38.70, P < 0.05). The expression of RhoGDI2 protein was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and stage (χ2 = 6.37, 21.64, 54.50, 19.81, 24.90, all P < 0.05), but not with gender, age, tumor location or size.
CONCLUSION: The expression of RhoGDI2 is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Duan W, Xu Y, Dong Y, Cao L, Tong J, Zhou X. Ectopic expression of miR-34a enhances radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells, partly by suppressing the LyGDI signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:611-619. [PMID: 23349340 PMCID: PMC3709664 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
miR-34a is transcriptionally induced by the tumor suppressor gene p53, which is often downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address whether the downstream signal of miR-34a is sufficient to induce apoptosis and to alter cellular radiosensitivity, a chemical synthetic miR-34a mimic was delivered into A549 and H1299 cells, with or without co-treatment of γ-irradiation. Results showed that ectopic expression of miR-34a induced dose-dependent cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in both NSCLC cell lines. Interestingly, LyGDI was discovered as a new target gene of miR-34a, and downregulation of LyGDI promoted Rac1 activation and membrane translocation, resulting in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, restoration of miR-34a indirectly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that restoration of miR-34a expression enhances radiation-induced apoptosis, partly by suppressing the LyGDI signaling pathway, and miR-34a could possibly be used as a radiosensitizer for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Duan
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yaxiang Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - YuJin Dong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lili Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinwen Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Abstract
RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) specific for the Rho family of small GTPases that plays dual opposite roles in tumor progression, being both a promoter in tissues such as breast and a metastasis suppressor in tissues such as the bladder. Despite a clear role for this protein in modulating the invasive and metastatic process, the mechanisms through which RhoGDI2 executes these functions remain unclear. This review will highlight the current state of our knowledge regarding how RhoGDI2 functions in metastasis with a focus on bladder cancer and will also seek to highlight other potential underappreciated avenues through which this protein may affect cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Griner
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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48
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Grelier A, Cras A, Balitrand N, Delmau C, Lecourt S, Lepelletier Y, Riesterer H, Freida D, Lataillade JJ, Lebousse-Kerdiles MC, Cuccini W, Peffault de Latour R, Marolleau JP, Uzan G, Larghero J, Vanneaux V. Toll-like receptor 3 regulates cord blood-derived endothelial cell function in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:821-36. [PMID: 23748743 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPC) are capable of homing to neovascularisation sites, in which they proliferate and differentiate into endothelial cells. Transplantation of cEPC-derived cells, in particular those isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB), has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of cardio-vascular diseases. After in vivo transplantation, these cells may be exposed to local or systemic inflammation or pathogens, of which they are a common target. Because Toll-like receptors (TLR) are critical in detecting pathogens and in initiating inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that TLR may govern UCB cEPC-derived cells function. While these cells expressed almost all TLR, we found that only TLR3 dramatically impaired cell properties. TLR3 activation inhibited cell proliferation, modified cell cycle entry, impaired the in vitro angiogenic properties and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The anti-angiogenic effect of TLR3 activation was confirmed in vivo in a hind-limb ischemic mice model. Moreover, TLR3 activation consistently leads to an upregulation of miR-29b, -146a and -155 and to a deregulation of cytoskeleton and cell cycle regulator. Hence, TLR3 activation is likely to be a key regulator of cEPC-derived cells properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Grelier
- AP-HP, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et CIC de Biothérapies, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France
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49
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Shida A, Fujioka S, Takahashi N, Aoki H, Okamoto T, Mitsumori N, Omura N, Yanaga K. Reduced expression of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 mRNA is associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:463-467. [PMID: 24137348 PMCID: PMC3789053 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins, including RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1 and cdc42, are molecules that have significant roles in linking cell shape and cell cycle progression in cytoskeletal arrangements and mitogenic signaling. Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has recently been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene in models of bladder cancer. RhoGDI2 has also been identified as a potential regulator of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The present study aimed to clarify the significance of RhoGDI2 gene expression in gastric carcinoma and to evaluate the outcome of affected patients. A total of 46 pairs of normal mucosa and cancer specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone a gastrectomy for primary gastric carcinoma and were subjected to semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RhoGDI2. The expression of RhoGDI2 mRNA was significantly higher in early-stage gastric cancer specimens compared with the normal gastric epithelium samples. By contrast, the depth of the tumor was negatively correlated with RhoGDI2 mRNA expression. In addition, a reduced expression of RhoGDI2 mRNA was associated with venous system invasion and lymph node metastasis. RhoGDI2 mRNA was more frequently expressed in differentiated adenocarcinoma compared with poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although the statistical significance was not established, RhoGDI2-positive patients tended to have a superior oncological outcome compared with RhoGDI2-negative patients. The reduced expression of RhoGDI2 mRNA in gastric carcinoma is associated with venous system invasion and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Shida
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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50
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Lee YJ, Jeong SH, Hong SC, Cho BI, Ha WS, Park ST, Choi SK, Jung EJ, Ju YT, Jeong CY, Kim JW, Lee CW, Yoo J, Ko GH. Prognostic value of CAPZA1 overexpression in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1569-77. [PMID: 23545944 PMCID: PMC3661194 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
F-actin capping protein α1 subunit (CAPZA1) was previously identified in a proteomic analysis of human gastric cancer clinical specimens and selected for further study. The association between CAPZA1 overexpression, detected by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological features including survival were evaluated. In vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were utilized to assess the function of CPAZA1 in malignancy. Univariate analysis revealed that poorly differentiated disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, advanced T stage, positive lymph nodes, high TNM stage, D2 lymph node dissection, adjuvant chemotherapy and CAPZA1 underexpression were significantly associated with cancer-related death (p<0.05); however, only high TNM stage remained significantly associated by multivariate analysis (p<0.01). CAPZA1 overexpression was associated with well differentiated histology, smaller tumor size, lower T stage, absence of lymph node metastasis, lower TNM stage, lower recurrence rate and longer survival time, compared to CAPZA1 underexpression. In vitro, forced expression of CAPZA1 caused a significant decrease in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas CAPZA1 depletion had the opposite effect. The present study suggests that CAPZA1 could be a marker of good prognosis in gastric cancer and shows that CAPZA1 is associated with decreased cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate School of Medicine, Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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