1
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Richman J, Schuster G, Buus R, Lopez-Knowles E, Dowsett M. Clinical and molecular predictors of very late recurrence in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07311-z. [PMID: 38709373 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of recurrence from primary ER+ breast cancer continues for at least 20 years. We aimed to identify clinical and molecular features associated with risk of recurrence after 10 years. METHODS ER+ breast cancers from patients with and without recurrence were analysed with the BC360 NanoString Panel and an 87 gene targeted-exome panel. Frequency of clinical, pathologic and molecular characteristics was compared between cases (recurred between 10 and 20 years) and controls (no recurrence by 20 years) in the Very Late Recurrence (VLR) cohort. Analogous data from METABRIC were examined to confirm or refute findings. RESULTS VLR cases had larger tumours and higher node positivity. Both VLR and METABRIC cases had higher clinical treatment score at 5 years (CTS5). There was a trend for fewer GATA3 mutations in cases in both VLR and METABRIC but no statistically significant differences in mutation frequency. Cell cycle and proliferation genes were strongly expressed in VLR cases. Immune-related genes and cell cycle inhibitors were highly expressed in controls. Neither of these changes were significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Clinicopathologic features are prognostic beyond 10 years. Conversely, molecular features, such as copy number alterations, TP53 mutations and intrinsic subtype which have early prognostic significance, have little prognostic value after 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Richman
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Gene Schuster
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elena Lopez-Knowles
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Nielsen TO, Leung SCY, Riaz N, Mulligan AM, Kos Z, Bane A, Whelan TJ. Ki67 assessment protocol as an integral biomarker for avoiding radiotherapy in the LUMINA breast cancer trial. Histopathology 2023; 83:903-911. [PMID: 37609778 DOI: 10.1111/his.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The LUMINA trial demonstrated a very low local recurrence rate in women ≥55 years with low-risk luminal A breast cancer (defined as grade I-II, T1N0, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative and Ki67 index ≤13.25%) treated with breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy (but no other systemic therapy), supporting the safe omission of radiation in these women. Here we describe the protocol for Ki67 assessment, the companion diagnostic used to guide omission of adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS Ki67 immunohistochemistry was performed on full-face sections at one of three regional labs. Pathologists trained in the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group (IKWG) method demarcated tumour areas on scanned slides and scored 100 nuclei from each of at least five randomly selected 1-mm fields. For cases with high Ki67 heterogeneity, further virtual cores were selected and scored in order to confidently assign a case as luminal A (≤13.25%) or B (>13.25%). Interlaboratory variability was assessed through an annual quality assurance programme during the study period. RESULTS From the quality assurance programme, the mean Ki67 index across all cases/labs was 13%. The observed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics were ≥0.9 and ≥0.7, respectively, indicating a substantial level of agreement. Median scoring time was 4 min per case. The IKWG-recommended scoring method, performed directly from slides, requiring up to four scored fields, is concordant with the LUMINA scoring method (ICC ≥ 0.9). CONCLUSION Ki67 is a practical, reproducible, and inexpensive biomarker that can identify low-risk luminal A breast cancers as potential candidates for radiation de-escalation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01791829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel C Y Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nazia Riaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna M Mulligan
- University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Whelan
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Yang T, Li W, Huang T, Zhou J. Genetic Testing Enhances the Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16607. [PMID: 38068930 PMCID: PMC10706486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary comprehension of breast cancer has progressed to the molecular level. As a heterogeneous malignancy, conventional pathological diagnosis and histological classification could no longer meet the needs of precisely managing breast cancer. Genetic testing based on gene expression profiles and gene mutations has emerged and substantially contributed to the precise diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Multigene assays (MGAs) are explored for early-stage breast cancer patients, aiding the selection of adjuvant therapy and predicting prognosis. For metastatic breast cancer patients, testing specific genes indicates potentially effective antitumor agents. In this review, genetic testing in early-stage and metastatic breast cancer is summarized, as well as the advantages and challenges of genetic testing in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China (W.L.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China (W.L.)
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4
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Schettini F, Martínez-Sáez O, Falato C, De Santo I, Conte B, Garcia-Fructuoso I, Gomez-Bravo R, Seguí E, Chic N, Brasó-Maristany F, Paré L, Vidal M, Adamo B, Muñoz M, Pascual T, Ciruelos E, Perou CM, Carey LA, Prat A. Prognostic value of intrinsic subtypes in hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101214. [PMID: 37075698 PMCID: PMC10373919 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hormone receptor-positive (HoR+) breast cancer (BC), gene expression analysis identifies luminal A (LumA), luminal B (LumB), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched (HER2-E), basal-like (BL) intrinsic subtypes and a normal-like group. This classification has an established prognostic value in early-stage HoR+ BC. Here, we carried out a trial-level meta-analysis to determine the prognostic ability of subtypes in metastatic BC (MBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed all the available prospective phase II/III trials in HoR+ MBC where subtype was assessed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS)/time to progression (TTP) of the LumA subtype compared to non-LumA. Secondary endpoints were PFS/TTP of each individual subtype, according to treatment, menopausal and HER2 status and overall survival (OS). The random-effect model was applied, and heterogeneity assessed through Cochran's Q and I2. Threshold for significance was set at P < 0.05. The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021255769). RESULTS Seven studies were included (2536 patients). Non-LumA represented 55.2% and was associated with worse PFS/TTP than LumA [hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, P < 0.001, I2 = 61%], independently of clinical HER2 status [Psubgroup difference (Psub) = 0.16], systemic treatment (Psub = 0.96) and menopausal status (Psub = 0.12). Non-LumA tumors also showed worse OS (HR 2.00, P < 0.001, I2 = 65%), with significantly different outcomes for LumB (PFS/TTP HR 1.46; OS HR 1.41), HER2-E (PFS/TTP HR 2.39; OS HR 2.08) and BL (PFS/TTP HR 2.67; OS HR 3.26), separately (PFS/TTP Psub = 0.01; OS Psub = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses supported the main result. No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS In HoR+ MBC, non-LumA disease is associated with poorer PFS/TTP and OS than LumA, independently of HER2, treatment and menopausal status. Future trials in HoR+ MBC should consider this clinically relevant biological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schettini
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - O Martínez-Sáez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - C Falato
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I De Santo
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - B Conte
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - I Garcia-Fructuoso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - R Gomez-Bravo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - E Seguí
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Chic
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - L Paré
- Reveal Genomics, Barcelona
| | - M Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Adamo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - M Muñoz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Pascual
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ciruelos
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - C M Perou
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Departments of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L A Carey
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Departments of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - A Prat
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Reveal Genomics, Barcelona; Institute of Oncology (IOB)-Hospital Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer: Current advances in subtyping and treatment implications. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:265. [PMID: 36050786 PMCID: PMC9434975 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAs the field of translational ‘omics has progressed, refined classifiers at both genomic and proteomic levels have emerged to decipher the heterogeneity of breast cancer in a clinically-applicable way. The integration of ‘omics knowledge at the DNA, RNA and protein levels is further expanding biologic understanding of breast cancer and opportunities for customized treatment, a particularly pressing need in clinically triple negative tumors. For this group of aggressive breast cancers, work from multiple groups has now validated at least four major biologically and clinically distinct omics-based subtypes. While to date most clinical trial designs have considered triple negative breast cancers as a single group, with an expanding arsenal of targeted therapies applicable to distinct biological pathways, survival benefits may be best realized by designing and analyzing clinical trials in the context of major molecular subtypes. While RNA-based classifiers are the most developed, proteomic classifiers proposed for triple negative breast cancer based on new technologies have the potential to more directly identify the most clinically-relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Phospho-proteomic data further identify targetable signalling pathways in a unique subtype-specific manner. Single cell profiling of the tumor microenvironment represents a promising way to allow a better characterization of the heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer which could be integrated in a spatially resolved context to build an ecosystem-based patient classification. Multi-omic data further allows in silico analysis of genetic and pharmacologic screens to map therapeutic vulnerabilities in a subtype-specific context. This review describes current knowledge about molecular subtyping of triple negative breast cancer, recent advances in omics-based genomics and proteomics diagnostics addressing the diversity of this disease, key advances made through single cell analysis approaches, and developments in treatments including targeted therapeutics being tested in major clinical trials.
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6
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Chen K, Wu J, Fang Z, Shao X, Wang X. The Clinical Research and Latest Application of Genomic Assays in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221117402. [PMID: 36976899 PMCID: PMC9486269 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a kind of malignant tumor that seriously endangers women's life
and health. Once diagnosed, most patients will receive a combination of
treatments to achieve a cure. However, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease.
Even with the same clinical stage and pathological features, its response to
treatment and postoperative recurrence risk may still be completely different.
With the advent of genomic assay, some patients with early-stage breast cancer
who originally needed treatment can still achieve long-term disease-free
survival without adjuvant chemotherapy, so as to achieve personalized and
accurate treatment mode to a certain extent. In this paper, we reviewed the 5
most widely used and studied genomic panel technologies in breast cancer, namely
Oncotype DX, MammaPrint,
RecurIndex, PAM50, and
EndoPredict, according to accessibility and availability.
Based on the results of the completed or ongoing clinical studies, we summarized
the origin, applicable population, and clinical efficacy of each detection
method, and discussed the potential development prospect of detection technology
in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziru Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiying Shao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Hurvitz SA, McAndrew NP, Bardia A, Press MF, Pegram M, Crown JP, Fasching PA, Ejlertsen B, Yang EH, Glaspy JA, Slamon DJ. A careful reassessment of anthracycline use in curable breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:134. [PMID: 34625570 PMCID: PMC8501074 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over three decades since anthracyclines took their place as the standard chemotherapy backbone for breast cancer in the curative setting. Though the efficacy of anthracycline chemotherapy is not debatable, potentially life-threatening and long-term risks accompany this class of agents, leading some to question their widespread use, especially when newer agents with improved therapeutic indices have become available. Critically assessing when to incorporate an anthracycline is made more relevant in an era where molecular classification is enabling not only the development of biologically targeted therapeutics but also is improving the ability to better select those who would benefit from cytotoxic agents. This comprehensive analysis will present the problem of overtreatment in early-stage breast cancer, review evidence supporting the use of anthracyclines in the pre-taxane era, analyze comparative trials evaluating taxanes with or without anthracyclines in biologically unselected and selected patient populations, and explore published work aimed at defining anthracycline-sensitive tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsterlind Hurvitz
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nicholas P. McAndrew
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael F. Press
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mark Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - John P. Crown
- grid.412751.40000 0001 0315 8143Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric H. Yang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John A. Glaspy
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dennis J. Slamon
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
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8
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Asleh K, Tu D, Gao D, Bramwell V, Levine MN, Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, Nielsen TO. Predictive Significance of an Optimized Panel for Basal-like Breast Cancer: Results from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.5 and MA.12 Phase III Clinical Trials. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6570-6579. [PMID: 34615722 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate IHC biomarkers incorporating nestin positivity or inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphate (INPP4B) loss have recently been optimized to identify the basal-like intrinsic breast cancer subtype regardless of estrogen, progesterone, or Her2 status. We examined the predictive capacity of these basal biomarkers in the CCTG MA.5 chemotherapy and MA.12 endocrine therapy trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of primary tumors from patients randomized in the two trials were used to build tissue microarrays. IHC staining for nestin and INPP4B followed published methods and REMARK criteria. A prespecified statistical plan tested the hypothesis that patients with basal breast cancer (nestin+ or INPP4B-) would not benefit from anthracycline substitution in MA.5 or from tamoxifen in MA.12. RESULTS Nestin positivity or INPP4B loss was observed in 110/453 (24%) interpretable samples from MA.5 and 47/366 (13%) from MA.12, and was associated with high grade, younger age, estrogen receptor negativity, triple-negative, core basal, and PAM50 basal-like subtypes. In the MA.5 trial, patients assigned as basal experienced lower benefit from anthracycline versus nonanthracycline adjuvant chemotherapy [HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-3.10] when compared with non-basal (nestin- and INPP4B+) cases where there was a higher benefit from anthracyclines (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54-1.04; P interaction = 0.01). In the MA.12 trial, patients assigned as basal did not demonstrate a benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen versus placebo (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.12-1.86; P = 0.29), whereas nonbasal cases displayed significant benefit (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98; P = 0.04), although the interaction test was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The nestin/INPP4B IHC panel identifies women with basal breast cancers who benefit from nonanthracycline chemotherapy but not endocrine adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vivien Bramwell
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark N Levine
- Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lois E Shepherd
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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9
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Klopfenstein Q, Derangère V, Arnould L, Thibaudin M, Limagne E, Ghiringhelli F, Truntzer C, Ladoire S. Evaluation of tumor immune contexture among intrinsic molecular subtypes helps to predict outcome in early breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002036. [PMID: 34083415 PMCID: PMC8183202 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of early breast cancer is linked to clinic-pathological stage and the molecular characteristics of intrinsic tumor cells. In some patients, the amount and quality of tumor-infiltrating immune cells appear to affect long term outcome. We aimed to propose a new tool to estimate immune infiltrate, and link these factors to patient prognosis according to breast cancer molecular subtypes. Methods We performed in silico analyses in more than 2800 early breast cancer transcriptomes with corresponding clinical annotations. We first developed a new gene expression deconvolution algorithm that accurately estimates the quantity of immune cell populations (tumor immune contexture, TIC) in tumors. Then, we studied associations between these immune profiles and relapse-free and overall survival among the different intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer defined by PAM50 classification. Results TIC estimates the abundance of 15 immune cell subsets. Both myeloid and lymphoid subpopulations show different spread among intrinsic molecular breast cancer subtypes. A high abundance of myeloid cells was associated with poor outcome, while lymphoid cells were associated with favorable prognosis. Unsupervised clustering describing the 15 immune cell subsets revealed four subgroups of breast tumors associated with distinct patient survival, but independent from PAM50. Adding this information to clinical stage and PAM50 strongly improves the prediction of relapse or death. Conclusions Our findings make it possible to refine the survival stratification of early patients with breast cancer by incorporating TIC in addition to PAM50 and clinical tumor burden in a prognostic model validated in training and validation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Klopfenstein
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Derangère
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France.,Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Thibaudin
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Francois Ghiringhelli
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France.,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Transfer Biology Cancer Platform, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France .,GIMI: Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, France, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM U1231, Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, Dijon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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10
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Wang L, Li Q, Aushev VN, Neugut AI, Santella RM, Teitelbaum S, Chen J. PAM50- and immunohistochemistry-based subtypes of breast cancer and their relationship with breast cancer mortality in a population-based study. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1235-1242. [PMID: 34003448 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the prognostic ability of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based vs. PAM50-based subtypes for breast cancer mortality in a population-based study of breast cancer. METHODS We included a total of 463 breast cancer cases from the population-based Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP). IHC-based markers were abstracted from the medical records, while the PAM50-based intrinsic subtypes were assessed from tumor tissues using NanoString nCounter® Analysis System. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) for breast cancer-specific mortality associated with subtypes. RESULTS For IHC-based hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors (n = 361), 68.7% were classified as luminal subtypes by PAM50; for HR- tumors (n = 102), 95.1% were classified as non-luminal subtypes. Compared to HR+/HER2- subtype, HR- patients had significantly higher breast cancer mortality (HR-/HER2+: HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.58-5.11; triple-negative breast cancer: HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.44-4.06). Compared to luminal A, a higher mortality rate was observed for all other PAM50-based subtypes: luminal B (HR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.97-8.22), HER2-enriched (HR = 6.82, 95% CI = 3.29-14.14) and basal-like (HR = 4.71, 95% CI = 2.24-9.93). Additional subtyping of HR+ patients by PAM50 provided future risk stratification where luminal B patients in this group had significant higher mortality than luminal A patients (HR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.92-8.03). Similar results were also observed among 291 HR+/HER2- patients, but not among the HR- patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that for HR+ patients, especially HR+/HER2- patients, additional PAM50-based subtyping would provide better prognostic stratification and improve disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029 , USA.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029 , USA
| | - Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029 , USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Susan Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029 , USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029 , USA.
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11
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Khella CA, Mehta GA, Mehta RN, Gatza ML. Recent Advances in Integrative Multi-Omics Research in Breast and Ovarian Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:149. [PMID: 33669749 PMCID: PMC7922242 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular heterogeneity of cancer is responsible for the dynamic clinical landscape of this disease. The combination of genomic and proteomic alterations, including both inherited and acquired mutations, promotes tumor diversity and accounts for variable disease progression, therapeutic response, and clinical outcome. Recent advances in high-throughput proteogenomic profiling of tumor samples have resulted in the identification of novel oncogenic drivers, tumor suppressors, and signaling networks; biomarkers for the prediction of drug sensitivity and disease progression; and have contributed to the development of novel and more effective treatment strategies. In this review, we will focus on the impact of historical and recent advances in single platform and integrative proteogenomic studies in breast and ovarian cancer, which constitute two of the most lethal forms of cancer for women, and discuss the molecular similarities of these diseases, the impact of these findings on our understanding of tumor biology as well as the clinical applicability of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen A Khella
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Rushabh N Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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12
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Szymiczek A, Lone A, Akbari MR. Molecular intrinsic versus clinical subtyping in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Clin Genet 2020; 99:613-637. [PMID: 33340095 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease manifesting diversity at the molecular, histological and clinical level. The development of breast cancer classification was centered on informing clinical decisions. The current approach to the classification of breast cancer, which categorizes this disease into clinical subtypes based on the detection of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and proliferation marker Ki67, is not ideal. This is manifested as a heterogeneity of therapeutic responses and outcomes within the clinical subtypes. The newer classification model, based on gene expression profiling (intrinsic subtyping) informs about transcriptional responses downstream from IHC single markers, revealing deeper appreciation for the disease heterogeneity and capturing tumor biology in a more comprehensive way than an expression of a single protein or gene alone. While accumulating evidences suggest that intrinsic subtypes provide clinically relevant information beyond clinical surrogates, it is imperative to establish whether the current conventional immunohistochemistry-based clinical subtyping approach could be improved by gene expression profiling and if this approach has a potential to translate into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szymiczek
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Lone
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Babu G, Goel A, Agarwal S, Gupta S, Kumar P, Smruti BK, Goel V, Sarangi R, Gairola M, Aggarwal S, Parikh PM. Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of hormone receptor positive early breast cancer in elderly women. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:123-126. [PMID: 29721478 PMCID: PMC5909289 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_117_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women, and its incidence increases with age. Currently the treatment of breast cancer in older patients is almost identical to their younger counterparts. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists regarding the management of early breast cancer specifically in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, KMIO, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Max Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Max Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ram Murti Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B K Smruti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Goel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Max Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sarangi
- Department of Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Gairola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RGCI, New Delhi, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Purvish M Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Harnan S, Tappenden P, Cooper K, Stevens J, Bessey A, Rafia R, Ward S, Wong R, Stein RC, Brown J. Tumour profiling tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in early breast cancer: a systematic review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-328. [PMID: 31264581 DOI: 10.3310/hta23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer and its treatment can have an impact on health-related quality of life and survival. Tumour profiling tests aim to identify whether or not women need chemotherapy owing to their risk of relapse. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the tumour profiling tests oncotype DX® (Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA), MammaPrint® (Agendia, Inc., Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Prosigna® (NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), EndoPredict® (Myriad Genetics Ltd, London, UK) and immunohistochemistry 4 (IHC4). To develop a health economic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of these tests compared with clinical tools to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services. DESIGN A systematic review and health economic analysis were conducted. REVIEW METHODS The systematic review was partially an update of a 2013 review. Nine databases were searched in February 2017. The review included studies assessing clinical effectiveness in people with oestrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, stage I or II cancer with zero to three positive lymph nodes. The economic analysis included a review of existing analyses and the development of a de novo model. RESULTS A total of 153 studies were identified. Only one completed randomised controlled trial (RCT) using a tumour profiling test in clinical practice was identified: Microarray In Node-negative Disease may Avoid ChemoTherapy (MINDACT) for MammaPrint. Other studies suggest that all the tests can provide information on the risk of relapse; however, results were more varied in lymph node-positive (LN+) patients than in lymph node-negative (LN0) patients. There is limited and varying evidence that oncotype DX and MammaPrint can predict benefit from chemotherapy. The net change in the percentage of patients with a chemotherapy recommendation or decision pre/post test ranged from an increase of 1% to a decrease of 23% among UK studies and a decrease of 0% to 64% across European studies. The health economic analysis suggests that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the tests versus current practice are broadly favourable for the following scenarios: (1) oncotype DX, for the LN0 subgroup with a Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) of > 3.4 and the one to three positive lymph nodes (LN1-3) subgroup (if a predictive benefit is assumed); (2) IHC4 plus clinical factors (IHC4+C), for all patient subgroups; (3) Prosigna, for the LN0 subgroup with a NPI of > 3.4 and the LN1-3 subgroup; (4) EndoPredict Clinical, for the LN1-3 subgroup only; and (5) MammaPrint, for no subgroups. LIMITATIONS There was only one completed RCT using a tumour profiling test in clinical practice. Except for oncotype DX in the LN0 group with a NPI score of > 3.4 (clinical intermediate risk), evidence surrounding pre- and post-test chemotherapy probabilities is subject to considerable uncertainty. There is uncertainty regarding whether or not oncotype DX and MammaPrint are predictive of chemotherapy benefit. The MammaPrint analysis uses a different data source to the other four tests. The Translational substudy of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (TransATAC) study (used in the economic modelling) has a number of limitations. CONCLUSIONS The review suggests that all the tests can provide prognostic information on the risk of relapse; results were more varied in LN+ patients than in LN0 patients. There is limited and varying evidence that oncotype DX and MammaPrint are predictive of chemotherapy benefit. Health economic analyses indicate that some tests may have a favourable cost-effectiveness profile for certain patient subgroups; all estimates are subject to uncertainty. More evidence is needed on the prediction of chemotherapy benefit, long-term impacts and changes in UK pre-/post-chemotherapy decisions. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017059561. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Harnan
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Tappenden
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katy Cooper
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alice Bessey
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachid Rafia
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue Ward
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert C Stein
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Research Department of Oncology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Christensen LG, Lautrup MD, Lyng MB, Möller S, Jylling AMB. Subtyping of male breast cancer by PAM50 and immunohistochemistry: a pilot study of a consecutive Danish cohort. APMIS 2020; 128:523-530. [PMID: 32579768 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that is still to be fully understood. In female breast cancer, molecular subtyping by gene expression has proven its significance. In this study, we characterize a consecutive cohort of MBC patients surgically treated from 1997 to 2017, identified at our institution (N = 37), and report the association between molecular subtypes found by a surrogate panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, and the PAM50 signature, as well as risk of recurrence score and overall survival for the different subtypes. PAM50 subtypes were determined using the nCounter FLEX system instrument and software. The distribution of molecular subtypes according to the PAM50 signature was as follows: 56% luminal B, 39% luminal A, and 5% basal-like. None of the tumors were HER2-enriched. Using IHC surrogate markers, we found 80% luminal B-like, 15% luminal A-like, and 5% basal-like. None were HER2-positive (non-luminal). We found a strong statistical association between subtypes found by PAM50 signature and the IHC surrogate markers (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found luminal A tumors to be smaller in size compared to luminal B tumors (p = 0.04). Patients with luminal A subtype tumors had the lowest ROR scores with a mean of 39, whereas patients with luminal B subtype tumors had a mean ROR score of 69. Significant worse overall survival for luminal B tumors compared to luminal A tumors was seen (p = 0.02). Male breast cancer seems to be a mainly luminal disease, with luminal B being the most frequent subtype. Further studies are needed to ensure correct therapeutic strategies for this select group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Bibi Lyng
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, Open Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Bak Jylling
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Pathology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Caputo R, Cianniello D, Giordano A, Piezzo M, Riemma M, Trovò M, Berretta M, De Laurentiis M. Gene Expression Assay in the Management of Early Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2826-2839. [PMID: 31804159 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191205163329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to hormonal therapy is often considered questionable in patients with estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer. Low risk of disease relapse after endocrine treatment alone and/or a low sensitivity to chemotherapy are reasons behind not all patients benefit from chemotherapy. Most of the patients could be exposed to unnecessary treatment- related adverse events and health care costs when treatment decision-making is based only on classical clinical histological features. Gene expression profile has been developed to refine physician's decision-making process and to tailor personalized treatment to patients. In particular, these tests are designed to spare patients the side effects of unnecessary treatment, and ensure that adjuvant chemotherapy is correctly recommended to patients with early breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss the main diagnostic tests and their potential clinical applications (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, PAM50/Prosigna, EndoPredict, MapQuant Dx, IHC4, and Theros-Breast Cancer Gene Expression Ratio Assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Caputo
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Cianniello
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michela Piezzo
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Riemma
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Trovò
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
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17
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Bago-Horvath Z, Rudas M, Singer CF, Greil R, Balic M, Lax SF, Kwasny W, Hulla W, Gnant M, Filipits M. Predictive Value of Molecular Subtypes in Premenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor-positive Early Breast Cancer: Results from the ABCSG Trial 5. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5682-5688. [PMID: 32546648 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the predictive value of molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine treatment or chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Molecular breast cancer subtypes were centrally assessed on whole tumor sections by IHC in patients of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5 who had received either 5 years of tamoxifen/3 years of goserelin or six cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Luminal A disease was defined as Ki67 <20% and luminal B as Ki67 ≥20%. The luminal B/HER2-positive subtype displayed 3+ HER2-IHC or amplification by ISH. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox models adjusted for clinical and pathologic factors. RESULTS 185 (38%), 244 (50%), and 59 (12%) of 488 tumors were classified as luminal A, luminal B/HER2-negative and luminal B/HER2-positive, respectively. Luminal B subtypes were associated with poor outcome. Patients with luminal B tumors had a significantly shorter RFS [adjusted HR for recurrence: 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-3.49; P = 0.001] and OS (adjusted HR for death: 3.51; 95% CI, 1.80-6.87; P < 0.001). No interaction between molecular subtypes and treatment was observed (test for interaction: P = 0.84 for RFS; P = 0.69 for OS). CONCLUSIONS Determination of molecular subtypes by IHC is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and death in premenopausal women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer but is not predictive for outcome of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen/goserelin or CMF.See related commentary by Hunter et al., p. 5543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
- Department of Pathology, Breast Health Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margaretha Rudas
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Breast Health Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Health Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- III Medical Department, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigurd F Lax
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria.,Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Werner Kwasny
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hulla
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Breast Health Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Bertucci F, Finetti P, Goncalves A, Birnbaum D. The therapeutic response of ER+/HER2- breast cancers differs according to the molecular Basal or Luminal subtype. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:8. [PMID: 32195331 PMCID: PMC7060267 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomics-based molecular classifications aim at identifying more homogeneous classes than immunohistochemistry, associated with a more uniform clinical outcome. We conducted an in silico analysis on a meta-dataset including gene expression data from 5342 clinically defined ER+/HER2- breast cancers (BC) and DNA copy number/mutational and proteomic data. We show that the Basal (16%) versus Luminal (74%) subtypes as defined using the 80-gene signature differ in terms of response/vulnerability to systemic therapies of BC. The Basal subtype is associated with better chemosensitivity, lesser benefit from adjuvant hormone therapy, and likely better sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, platinum salts and immune therapy, and other targeted therapies under development such as FGFR inhibitors. The Luminal subtype displays potential better sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors and vulnerability to targeted therapies such as PIK3CA, AR and Bcl-2 inhibitors. Expression profiles are very different, showing an intermediate position of the ER+/HER2- Basal subtype between the ER+/HER2- Luminal and ER- Basal subtypes, and let suggest a different cell-of-origin. Our data suggest that the ER+/HER2- Basal and Luminal subtypes should not be assimilated and treated as a homogeneous group.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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19
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Jensen MB, Lænkholm AV, Balslev E, Buckingham W, Ferree S, Glavicic V, Dupont Jensen J, Søegaard Knoop A, Mouridsen HT, Nielsen D, Nielsen TO, Ejlertsen B. The Prosigna 50-gene profile and responsiveness to adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:7. [PMID: 32140564 PMCID: PMC7044229 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DBCG89D trial randomized high-risk early breast cancer patients to adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil) or CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil). Prosigna assays were performed by researchers with no access to clinical data. Time to distant recurrence (DR) was the primary endpoint, time to recurrence (TR) and overall survival (OS) secondary. Among the 980 Danish patients enrolled, Prosigna results were obtained in 686. Continuous ROR score was associated with DR for CMF (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.33), and for CEF (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92-1.18), P interaction = 0.06. DR was significantly longer in CEF compared to CMF treated patients with Her2-enriched tumors (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.86), but not in patients with luminal tumors. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was significant for TR and OS. In this prospective-retrospective analysis, patients with Her2-enriched breast cancer derived substantial benefit from anthracycline chemotherapy whereas anthracyclines are not an essential component of chemotherapy for patients with luminal subtypes. The benefit of CEF vs. CMF correlated with increasing ROR Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Sean Ferree
- NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Vesna Glavicic
- Department of Oncology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Søegaard Knoop
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning T. Mouridsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Leal MF, Haynes BP, Schuster E, Yeo B, Afentakis M, Zabaglo L, Martins V, Buus R, Dodson A, Cheang MCU, Smith IE, Martin LA, Dowsett M. Early Enrichment of ESR1 Mutations and the Impact on Gene Expression in Presurgical Primary Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7485-7496. [PMID: 31548345 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of ESR1 mutations in primary estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer treated with extended (>4 weeks) neoadjuvant (presurgical) aromatase inhibitor (NAI) therapy and to identify patients who may gain less benefit from aromatase inhibition (AI) alone based upon on-treatment changes in gene expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated ER, progesterone receptor, and Ki67 by immunostaining, ESR1 mutations by droplet-digital PCR and expression of over 800 key breast cancer genes in paired pre- and post-NAI tumor samples from 87 ER+ breast cancer patients. RESULTS Cell proliferation and estrogen-regulated genes (ERG) remained suppressed in most tumors indicative of persistent response to NAI. Enrichment of ESR1 mutations was found in five tumors and predominantly in patients receiving therapy for >6 months. ESR1-mutant tumors showed increased expression of ESR1 transcript and limited suppression of ERGs and proliferation-associated genes in response to NAI. ESR1 wild-type tumors with high residual proliferation (Ki67r ≥10%; 15/87 tumors) showed lower ESR1/ER expression pre- and post-therapy and lower ERGs. Tumors with ESR1 mutations or Ki67r ≥10% showed less inhibition of estrogen response, cell cycle, and E2F-target genes. CONCLUSIONS Ligand-independent ER signaling, as a result of ESR1 mutation or reduced ER dependence, identified after extended NAI therapy, can guide early selection of patients who would benefit from combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben P Haynes
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Schuster
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Yeo
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Afentakis
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lila Zabaglo
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Martins
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Buus
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dodson
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie C U Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistic Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E Smith
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Godoy-Ortiz A, Sanchez-Muñoz A, Chica Parrado MR, Álvarez M, Ribelles N, Rueda Dominguez A, Alba E. Deciphering HER2 Breast Cancer Disease: Biological and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1124. [PMID: 31737566 PMCID: PMC6828840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main obstacle for designing effective treatment approaches in breast cancer is the extensive and the characteristic heterogeneity of this tumor. The vast majority of critical genomic changes occurs during breast cancer progression, creating a significant variability within primary tumors as well as between the primary breast cancer and their metastases, a hypothesis have already demonstrated in retrospective studies (1). A clear example of this is the HER2-positive breast cancer. In these tumors, we can find all of the transcriptional subtypes of breast cancer, even the basal like or luminal A subtypes. Although the HER2-enriched is the most representative transcriptional subtype in the HER2-positive breast cancer, we can find it too in breast cancers with HER2-negative status. This intrinsic subtype shows a high expression of the HER2 and is associated with proliferation-related genes clusters, among other features. Therefore, two hypotheses can be suggested. First, the HER2 amplification can be a well-defined driver event present in all of the intrinsic subtypes, and not a subtype marker isolated. Secondly, HER2-enriched subtype can have a distinctive transcriptional landscape independent of HER2 amplification. In this review, we present an extensive revision about the last highlights and advances in clinical and genomic settings of the HER2-positive breast cancer and the HER2-enriched subtype, in an attempt to improving the knowledge of the underlying biology of both entities and to explaining the intrinsic heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Godoy-Ortiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sanchez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Chica Parrado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Martina Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Ribelles
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Rueda Dominguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias de Málaga (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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22
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He L, Lv Y, Song Y, Zhang B. The prognosis comparison of different molecular subtypes of breast tumors after radiotherapy and the intrinsic reasons for their distinct radiosensitivity. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5765-5775. [PMID: 31303789 PMCID: PMC6612049 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s213663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy can increase the cell cycle arrest that promotes apoptosis, reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and has become an irreplaceable component of systematic treatment for patients with breast cancer. Substantial advances in precise radiotherapy unequivocally indicate that the benefits of radiotherapy vary depending on intrinsic subtypes of the disease; luminal A breast cancer has the highest benefit whereas human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are affected to a lesser extent irrespective of the selection of radiotherapy strategies, such as conventional whole-breast irradiation (CWBI), accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI), and hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HWBI). The benefit disparity correlates with the differential invasiveness, malignance, and radiosensitivity of the subtypes. A combination of a number of molecular mechanisms leads to the strong radioresistant profile of HER2-positive breast cancer, and sensitization to irradiation can be induced by multiple drugs or compounds in luminal disease and TNBC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the prognostic differences between various subtypes of breast tumors after CWBI, APBI, and HWBI, the potential reasons for drug-enhanced radiosensitivity in luminal breast tumors and TNBC, and the robust radioresistance of HER2-positive cancer. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ugTrSMuQVI8
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Breast Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Oncology, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Song
- Breast Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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23
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Pascual T, Martin M, Fernández-Martínez A, Paré L, Alba E, Rodríguez-Lescure Á, Perrone G, Cortés J, Morales S, Lluch A, Urruticoechea A, González-Farré B, Galván P, Jares P, Rodriguez A, Chic N, Righi D, Cejalvo JM, Tonini G, Adamo B, Vidal M, Villagrasa P, Muñoz M, Prat A. A Pathology-Based Combined Model to Identify PAM50 Non-luminal Intrinsic Disease in Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:303. [PMID: 31106144 PMCID: PMC6498671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative breast cancer, the HER2-enriched and Basal-like intrinsic subtypes are associated with poor outcome, low response to anti-estrogen therapy and high response to chemotherapy. To date, no validated biomarker exists to identify both molecular entities other than gene expression. Methods: PAM50 subtyping and immunohistochemical data were obtained from 8 independent studies of 1,416 HR+/HER2-negative early breast tumors. A non-luminal disease score (NOLUS) from 0 to 100, based on percentage of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki67 tumor cells, was derived in a combined cohort of 5 studies (training dataset) and tested in a combined cohort of 3 studies. The performance of NOLUS was estimated using Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). Results: In the training dataset (n = 903) and compared to luminal disease, non-luminal disease had lower percentage of ER-positive cells (median 65.2 vs. 86.2%, p < 0.01) and PR-positive cells (33.2 vs. 56.4%, p < 0.01) and higher percentage of Ki67-positive cells (18.2 vs. 13.1%, p = 0.01). A NOLUS formula was derived: −0.45*ER −0.28*PR +0.27*Ki67 + 73.02. The proportion of non-luminal tumors in NOLUS-positive (≥51.38) and NOLUS-negative (<51.38) groups was 52.6 and 8.7%, respectively. In the testing dataset (n = 514), NOLUS was found significantly associated with non-luminal disease (p < 0.01) with an AUC 0.902. The proportion of non-luminal tumors in NOLUS-positive and NOLUS-negative groups was 76.9% (56.4–91.0%) and 2.6% (1.4–4.5%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the pre-specified cutoff was 59.3 and 98.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In the absence of gene expression data, NOLUS can help identify non-luminal disease within HR+/HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pascual
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Martin
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laia Paré
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez-Lescure
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Cortés
- IOB Institute of Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serafín Morales
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Blanca González-Farré
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Galván
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Rodriguez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Chic
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Righi
- Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Adamo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Muñoz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Gui Y, Wang Y, Duan S, Tang C, Zhou Q, Xu L, Zhang X. Ab Initio Study of SOF 2 and SO 2F 2 Adsorption on Co-MoS 2. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2517-2522. [PMID: 31459490 PMCID: PMC6648916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detection of partial discharge by analyzing the decomposition components of SF6 gas in gas-insulated switchgears plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of the operational state of power equipment. Recently, the application of transition metal-modified MoS2 monolayer dioxide in gas detection has received wide attention. In this paper, first-principle density functional theory calculations were adopted to study the gas-sensitive response of Co-MoS2 monolayer to SOF2 and SO2F2. It is found that the conductivity of the Co-MoS2 monolayer has been effectively enhanced after Co atom doping on the MoS2 monolayer. After gas adsorption, electrons transfer from the Co-MoS2 monolayer to the gas molecules, resulting in significant reduction of conductivity of the adsorption system. The calculation results reveal that the Co-MoS2 monolayer is sensitive and selective to SOF2 and SO2F2 gases. This study provides the theoretical possibility of using Co-MoS2 as a gas sensor for SOF2 and SO2F2 gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingang Gui
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shukai Duan
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qu Zhou
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingna Xu
- College
of Engineering and Technology and College of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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25
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Camp NJ, Madsen MJ, Herranz J, Rodríguez-Lescure Á, Ruiz A, Martín M, Bernard PS. Re-interpretation of PAM50 gene expression as quantitative tumor dimensions shows utility for clinical trials: application to prognosis and response to paclitaxel in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:129-139. [PMID: 30673970 PMCID: PMC6491406 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background We recently showed PAM50 gene expression data can be represented by five quantitative, orthogonal, multi-gene breast tumor traits. These novel tumor ‘dimensions’ were superior to categorical intrinsic subtypes for clustering in high-risk breast cancer pedigrees, indicating potential to represent underlying genetic susceptibilities and biological pathways. Here we explore the prognostic and predictive utility of these dimensions in a sub-study of GEICAM/9906, a Phase III randomized prospective clinical trial of paclitaxel in breast cancer. Methods Tumor dimensions, PC1–PC5, were calculated using pre-defined coefficients. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) models for disease-free survival (DFS) were used to identify associations between quantitative dimensions and prognosis or response to the addition of paclitaxel. Results were illustrated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results Dimensions PC1 and PC5 were associated with DFS (Cox PH p = 6.7 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\times$$\end{document}× 10−12). Interactions with treatment were identified for PC3 and PC4. Response to paclitaxel was restricted to tumors with low PC3 and PC4 (log-rank p = 0.0021). Women with tumors high for PC3 or PC4 showed no survival advantage. Conclusions Our proof-of-concept application of quantitative dimensions illustrated novel findings and clinical utility beyond standard clinical–pathological characteristics and categorical intrinsic subtypes for prognosis and predicting chemotherapy response. Consideration of expression data as quantitative tumor dimensions offers new potential to identify clinically important patient subsets in clinical trials and advance precision medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-018-05097-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Rodríguez-Lescure
- Spanish Breast Cancer Group, GEICAM, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Amparo Ruiz
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín
- Spanish Breast Cancer Group, GEICAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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26
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Tsuchida J, Rothman J, McDonald KA, Nagahashi M, Takabe K, Wakai T. Clinical target sequencing for precision medicine of breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:131-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-018-1373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Real-life clinical pattern, management, and survival in Thai patients with early-stage or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209040. [PMID: 30566471 PMCID: PMC6300266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinical pattern and evaluate real-life practices in the management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Thailand. METHODS In this multicenter, prospective, observational cohort, females (aged ≥18 years) with histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed TNBC were enrolled. Patient data was collected at four study visits-an inclusion visit (for enrollment), and three subsequent follow-up visits at 12±1, 24±1, and 36±1 months after completion of first day of any planned chemotherapy. RESULTS Of the 293 enrolled patients, 262 (89.4%) had early-stage TNBC (Stage I: 46 patients, Stage II: 151 patients, and Stage III: 65 patients) and 31 (10.6%) had metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). Chemotherapy was prescribed to 95.4% of the early-stage patients and to 100.0% of the mTNBC patients; most commonly as anthracycline-based in combination with cyclophosphamide and other agents. Patients' performance status and consensus guidelines were the major factors affecting choice of treatment. In early-stage patients, median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) had not been reached for Stage I and II patients, and were calculated to be 37.0 months and 40.0 months, respectively, in Stage III patients. In mTNBC patients, progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were found to be 10.0 months and 14.0 months, respectively. In Stage III patients, anthracycline-based regimens were found to be associated with increase in DFS (p = 0.0181) and OS (p = 0.0027) compared to non-anthracycline-based regimens. In mTNBC patients, non-taxane-based regimens were associated with an increase in PFS (p = 0.0025). The 3-year survival rates in early-stage and mTNBC patients were 85.0% and 21.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION Clinical management of TNBC in Thailand follows the general guidelines for treatment of TNBC. However, prognosis and survival outcomes are suboptimal, especially in progressive disease. This study is the first assessment in the existing practices in which the results could pave to way to improve the treatment outcome of TNBC in Thailand.
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28
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Asleh K, Lyck Carstensen S, Tykjaer Jørgensen CL, Burugu S, Gao D, Won JR, Jensen MB, Balslev E, Laenkholm AV, Nielsen DL, Ejlertsen B, Nielsen TO. Basal biomarkers nestin and INPP4B predict gemcitabine benefit in metastatic breast cancer: Samples from the phase III SBG0102 clinical trial. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2578-2586. [PMID: 30411790 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a formal prospective-retrospective analysis of the phase III SBG0102 clinical trial randomizing metastatic breast cancer patients to gemcitabine-docetaxel or to single agent docetaxel, patients with basal-like tumors by PAM50 gene expression had significantly better overall survival in the gemcitabine arm. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), triple negative status was not predictive, but more specific biomarkers have since become available defining basal-like by nestin positivity or loss of inositol-polyphosphate-4-phosphate (INPP4B). Here, we evaluate their capacity to identify which patients benefit from gemcitabine in the metastatic setting. Nestin and INPP4B staining and interpretation followed published methods. A prespecified statistical plan evaluated the primary hypothesis that patients with basal-like breast cancer, defined as "nestin+ or INPP4B-", would have superior overall survival on gemcitabine-docetaxel when compared to docetaxel. Interaction tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and forest plots were used to assess prognostic and predictive capacities of biomarkers relative to treatment. Among 239 cases evaluable for our study, 36 (15%) had been classified as basal-like by PAM50. "Nestin+ or INPP4B-" was observed in 41 (17%) of the total cases and was significantly associated with PAM50 basal-like subtype. Within an estimated median follow-up of 13 years, patients assigned as IHC basal "nestin+ or INPP4B-" had significantly better overall survival on gemcitabine-docetaxel versus docetaxel monotherapy (HR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.16-0.60), whereas no differences were observed for other patients (HR = 0.99), p-interaction < 0.01. In the metastatic setting, women with IHC basal breast cancers defined as "nestin+ or INPP4B-" have superior overall survival when randomized to gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy compared to docetaxel alone. These findings need to be validated using larger prospective-retrospective phase III clinical trials series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Samantha Burugu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte L Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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He Y, Lin H, Tu D. A single-index threshold Cox proportional hazard model for identifying a treatment-sensitive subset based on multiple biomarkers. Stat Med 2018; 37:3267-3279. [PMID: 29869381 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a single-index threshold Cox proportional hazard model to select and combine biomarkers to identify patients who may be sensitive to a specific treatment. A penalized smoothed partial likelihood is proposed to estimate the parameters in the model. A simple, efficient, and unified algorithm is presented to maximize this likelihood function. The estimators based on this likelihood function are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Under mild conditions, the proposed estimators also achieve the oracle property. The proposed approach is evaluated through simulation analyses and application to the analysis of data from two clinical trials, one involving patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer and one involving patients with resectable lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Center of Statistical Research, School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Lin
- Center of Statistical Research, School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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The comparison of anthracycline-based and non-anthracycline-based regimens in adjuvant chemotherapy of HER2-positive non-metastatic breast cancers. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018; 22:108-112. [PMID: 30150888 PMCID: PMC6103234 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2018.77048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study This study aimed to assess the efficacy of anthracycline-based (AB) and non-anthracycline-based (nAB) adjuvant therapies in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive non-metastatic BC (nMBC) patients. Material and methods This retrospective study included women with HER2-positive BCs (stage I–III) treated with trastuzumab from 2008 to 2017. The patients were divided into two groups, including 196 patients in group AB and 67 in group nAB. Results Cox’s proportional hazard regression analysis showed no unfavourable predictors for five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) except for stage and hormone therapy. The OS rate was 67.9% in group AB and 80.6% in group nAB (p = 0.630). The DFS rate was 61.6% in group AB compared with 67.1% in group nAB (p = 0.447). Conclusions The results showed no difference between the efficacies of AB and nAB regimens in HER2-positive nMBCs in adjuvant setting. Therefore, selecting the nAB regimen can reduce the serious damage caused by the AB regimen.
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31
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Li J, Wang W, Xia P, Wan L, Zhang L, Yu L, Wang L, Chen X, Xiao Y, Xu C. Identification of a five-lncRNA signature for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence in patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2150-2160. [PMID: 29707762 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major class of non-coding RNAs, and the functional deregulations of lncRNAs have been shown to be associated with the development and progression of BC. In this work, we conduct an integrative analysis on five re-annotated lncRNA expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) which included a total of 891 BC samples. We identified a five-lncRNA signature that was significantly associated with DFS in the training cohort of 327 patients. We found the five-lncRNA signature could effectively stratify patients in the training dataset into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different DFS (p = 3.29 × 10-5 , log-rank test). The five-lncRNA signature was effectively validated in four independent cohorts, and prognostic analysis results showed that the five-lncRNA signature was independent of clinical prognostic factors, such as BC subtypes and adjuvant treatments. Furthermore, GSEA suggested that the five-lncRNA signature was involved in BC metastasis-related pathways. Our findings indicate that these five lncRNAs may be implicated in BC pathogenesis, and further, these lncRNAs may potentially serve as novel candidate biomarkers for the identification of BC patients at high risk for tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weida Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Xia
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Linyun Wan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lily Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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32
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Jensen MB, Lænkholm AV, Nielsen TO, Eriksen JO, Wehn P, Hood T, Ram N, Buckingham W, Ferree S, Ejlertsen B. The Prosigna gene expression assay and responsiveness to adjuvant cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in premenopausal high-risk patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:79. [PMID: 30053900 PMCID: PMC6062869 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The PAM50-based (Prosigna) risk of recurrence (ROR) score and intrinsic subtypes are prognostic for women with high-risk breast cancer. We investigate the predictive ability of Prosigna regarding the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide-based adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with high-risk breast cancer. Methods Prosigna assays were performed on the NanoString platform in tumors from participants in Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) 77B, a four-arm trial that randomized premenopausal women with high-risk early breast cancer to no systemic treatment, levamisole, oral cyclophosphamide (C) or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF). Results In total, this retrospective analysis included 460 women (40% of the 1146 randomized patients). The continuous Prosigna ROR score was prognostic in the no systemic treatment group (unadjusted P < 0.001 for disease-free survival (DFS), P = 0.001 for overall survival (OS)). No statistically significant interaction of continuous ROR score and treatment on DFS and OS was found. A highly significant association was observed between intrinsic subtypes and C/CMF treatment for DFS (Pinteraction = 0.003 unadjusted, P = 0.001 adjusted) and OS (Pinteraction = 0.04). In the adjusted analysis treatment with C/CMF was associated with a reduced risk of DFS events in patients with basal-like (hazard ratio (HR) 0.14; 95% CI 0.06; 0.32) and luminal B (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.27; 0.84) subtypes but not in patients with Human epidermal growth factor receptor-enriched (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.56; 1.95) or luminal A (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.32; 1.16) subtypes. Conclusion The Prosigna ROR score and intrinsic subtypes were prognostic in high-risk premenopausal patients with breast cancer, and intrinsic subtypes identify high-risk patients with or without major benefit from adjuvant C/CMF treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1012-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DBCG Secretariat, Bldg. 2501 Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Pernille Wehn
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tressa Hood
- NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Ferree
- NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jamshidi N, Yamamoto S, Gornbein J, Kuo MD. Receptor-based Surrogate Subtypes and Discrepancies with Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes: Implications for Image Biomarker Development. Radiology 2018; 289:210-217. [PMID: 30040052 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the concordance and accuracy of imaging surrogates of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and the molecular classification of breast cancer. Materials and Methods A total of 3050 patients from 17 public breast cancer data sets containing IHC marker receptor status (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) and their molecular classification (basal-like, HER2-enriched, luminal A or B) were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy and concordance as measured with the κ statistic were calculated between the IHC and molecular classifications. Simulations were performed to assess the relationship between accuracy of imaging-based IHC markers to predict molecular classification. A simulation was performed to examine effects of misclassification of molecular type on patient survival. Results Accuracies of intrinsic subtypes based on IHC subtype were 71.7% (luminal A), 53.7% (luminal B), 64.8% (HER2-enriched), and 81.7% (basal-like). The κ agreement was fair (κ = 0.36) for luminal A and HER2-enriched subtypes, good (κ = 0.65) for the basal-like subtype, and poor (κ = 0.09) for the luminal B subtypes. Introduction of image misclassification by simulation lowered image-true subtype accuracies and κ values. Simulation analysis showed that misclassification caused survival differences between luminal A and basal-like subtypes to decrease. Conclusion There is poor concordance between triple-receptor status and intrinsic molecular subtype in breast cancer, arguing against their use in the design of prognostic genomic-based image biomarkers. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Jamshidi
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif (N.J., S.Y.); College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu Taiwan (S.Y.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif (J.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Room 406, Block K, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong (M.D.K.)
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif (N.J., S.Y.); College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu Taiwan (S.Y.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif (J.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Room 406, Block K, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong (M.D.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Gornbein
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif (N.J., S.Y.); College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu Taiwan (S.Y.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif (J.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Room 406, Block K, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong (M.D.K.)
| | - Michael D Kuo
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif (N.J., S.Y.); College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu Taiwan (S.Y.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif (J.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Room 406, Block K, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong (M.D.K.)
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Cejalvo JM, Pascual T, Fernández-Martínez A, Brasó-Maristany F, Gomis RR, Perou CM, Muñoz M, Prat A. Clinical implications of the non-luminal intrinsic subtypes in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 67:63-70. [PMID: 29763779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has had a considerable impact on our understanding ofbreastcancer biology. Duringthelast decade, 4 intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched [HER2-E] and Basal-like) have been identified and intensively studied. In this article, we review and discuss the clinical implications of the 2 non-luminal subtypes (i.e. HER2-E and Basal-like) identified within hormone receptor (HR)-positive disease. After reviewing 32 studies for a total of 13,091 samples, ∼8% and ∼ 15% of early and metastatic HR+/HER2-negative breast cancer, respectively, were found to be non-luminal. Clinically, HR+/HER2-negative/non-luminal subtypes have been associated with estrogen independence, chemo-sensitivity, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition and poor outcome. Interestingly, EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibition might be of value in the HR+/HER2-negative/HER2-E subtype. Finally, the HER2-E subtype within HR+/HER2 + disease represents ∼ 30% and has been associated with anti-HER2 sensitivity, chemo-sensitivity and resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. In the upcoming years, retrospective and prospective clinical trials evaluating both biomarkers should lead to improvements in patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Tomás Pascual
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; SOLTI Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and CIBERONC, Spain; ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Montserrat Muñoz
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; SOLTI Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gampenrieder SP, Rinnerthaler G, Hackl H, Pulverer W, Weinhaeusel A, Ilic S, Hufnagl C, Hauser-Kronberger C, Egle A, Risch A, Greil R. DNA Methylation Signatures Predicting Bevacizumab Efficacy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2278-2288. [PMID: 29721079 PMCID: PMC5928889 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers predicting response to bevacizumab in breast cancer are still missing. Since epigenetic modifications can contribute to an aberrant regulation of angiogenesis and treatment resistance, we investigated the influence of DNA methylation patterns on bevacizumab efficacy. Methods: Genome-wide methylation profiling using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was performed in archival FFPE specimens of 36 patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab as first-line therapy (learning set). Based on objective response and progression-free survival (PFS) and considering ER expression, patients were divided in responders (R) and non-responders (NR). Significantly differentially methylated gene loci (CpGs) with a strong change in methylation levels (Δβ>0.15 or Δβ<-0.15) between R and NR were identified and further investigated in 80 bevacizumab-treated breast cancer patients (optimization set) and in 15 patients treated with chemotherapy alone (control set) using targeted deep amplicon bisulfite sequencing. Methylated gene loci were considered predictive if there was a significant association with outcome (PFS) in the optimization set but not in the control set using Spearman rank correlation, Cox regression, and logrank test. Results: Differentially methylated loci in 48 genes were identified, allowing a good separation between R and NR (odds ratio (OR) 101, p<0.0001). Methylation of at least one cytosine in 26 gene-regions was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in the optimization set, but not in the control set. Using information from the optimization set, the panel was reduced to a 9-gene signature, which could divide patients from the learning set into 2 clusters, thereby predicting response with an OR of 40 (p<0.001) and an AUC of 0.91 (LOOCV). A further restricted 3-gene methylation model showed a significant association of predicted responders with longer PFS in the learning and optimization set even in multivariate analysis with an excellent and good separation of R and NR with AUC=0.94 and AUC=0.86, respectively. Conclusion: Both a 9-gene and 3-gene methylation signature can discriminate between R and NR to a bevacizumab-based therapy in MBC and could help identify patients deriving greater benefit from bevacizumab.
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Yerushalmi R, Dong B, Chapman JW, Goss PE, Pollak MN, Burnell MJ, Levine MN, Bramwell VHC, Pritchard KI, Whelan TJ, Ingle JN, Shepherd LE, Parulekar WR, Han L, Ding K, Gelmon KA. Impact of baseline BMI and weight change in CCTG adjuvant breast cancer trials. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1560-1568. [PMID: 28379421 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that increased baseline BMI and BMI change would negatively impact clinical outcomes with adjuvant breast cancer systemic therapy. Methods Data from chemotherapy trials MA.5 and MA.21; endocrine therapy MA.12, MA.14 and MA.27; and trastuzumab HERA/MA.24 were analyzed. The primary objective was to examine the effect of BMI change on breast cancer-free interval (BCFI) landmarked at 5 years; secondary objectives included BMI changes at 1 and 3 years; BMI changes on disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS); and effects of baseline BMI. Stratified analyses included trial therapy and composite trial stratification factors. Results In pre-/peri-/early post-menopausal chemotherapy trials (N = 2793), baseline BMI did not impact any endpoint and increased BMI from baseline did not significantly affect BCFI (P = 0.85) after 5 years although it was associated with worse BCFI (P = 0.03) and DSS (P = 0.07) after 1 year. BMI increase by 3 and 5 years was associated with better DSS (P = 0.01; 0.01) and OS (P = 0.003; 0.05). In pre-menopausal endocrine therapy trial MA.12 (N = 672), patients with higher baseline BMI had worse BCFI (P = 0.02) after 1 year, worse DSS (P = 0.05; 0.004) after 1 and 5 years and worse OS (P = 0.01) after 5 years. Increased BMI did not impact BCFI (P = 0.90) after 5 years, although it was associated with worse BCFI (P = 0.01) after 1 year. In post-menopausal endocrine therapy trials MA.14 and MA.27 (N = 8236), baseline BMI did not significantly impact outcome for any endpoint. BMI change did not impact BCFI or DSS after 1 or 3 years, although a mean increased BMI of 0.3 was associated with better OS (P = 0.02) after 1 year. With the administration of trastuzumab (N = 1395) baseline BMI and BMI change did not significantly impact outcomes. Conclusions Higher baseline BMI and BMI increases negatively affected outcomes only in pre-/peri-/early post-menopausal trial patients. Otherwise, BMI increases similar to those expected in healthy women either did not impact outcome or were associated with better outcomes. Clinical Trials numbers CAN-NCIC-MA5; National Cancer Institute (NCI)-V90-0027; MA.12-NCT00002542; MA.14-NCT00002864; MA.21-NCT00014222; HERA, NCT00045032;CAN-NCIC-MA24; MA-27-NCT00066573.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yerushalmi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva and Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - B Dong
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - J W Chapman
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - P E Goss
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | - M N Pollak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal
| | - M J Burnell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John
| | - M N Levine
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - V H C Bramwell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services and University of Calgary, Calgary
| | - K I Pritchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T J Whelan
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - J N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - L E Shepherd
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - W R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - L Han
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - K Ding
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG; Formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - K A Gelmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Laurberg T, Tramm T, Nielsen T, Alsner J, Nord S, Myhre S, Sørlie T, Leung S, Fan C, Perou C, Gelmon K, Overgaard J, Voduc D, Prat A, Cheang MCU. Intrinsic subtypes and benefit from postmastectomy radiotherapy in node-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy - results from two independent randomized trials. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:38-43. [PMID: 29172851 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1401735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer has revealed differences among them in terms of prognosis and response to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. However, the ability of intrinsic subtypes to predict benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy has only been examined in few studies. METHODS Gene expression-based intrinsic subtyping was performed in 228 breast tumors collected from two independent post-mastectomy clinical trials (British Columbia and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b trials), where pre-menopausal patients with node-positive disease were randomized to adjuvant radiotherapy or not. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and a subgroup of patients underwent ovarian ablation. Tumors were classified into intrinsic subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, Basal-like and Normal-like using the research-based PAM50 classifier. RESULTS In the British Columbia study, patients treated with radiation had an overall significant lower incidence of locoregional recurrence compared to the controls. For Luminal A tumors the risk of loco-regional recurrence was low and was further lowered by adjuvant radiation. These findings were validated in the DBCG 82b study. The individual data from the two cohorts were merged, the hazard ratio (HR) for loco-regional recurrence associated with giving radiation was 0.34 (0.19 to 0.61) overall and 0.12 (0.03 to 0.52) for Luminal A tumors. CONCLUSIONS In both postmastectomy trials, patients with Luminal A tumors turned out to have a significant lower incidence of loco-regional recurrence when randomized to adjuvant radiotherapy, leaving no indication to omit postmastectomy adjuvant radiation in pre-menopausal high-risk patients with Luminal A tumors. It was not possible to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy among the other subtypes because of limited sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Laurberg
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nielsen
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen Myhre
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Sørlie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samuel Leung
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karen Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Voduc
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Anderson RL, Ingman WV, Britt KL. Editorial: How Reproductive History Influences Our Breast Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2017; 7:289. [PMID: 29376022 PMCID: PMC5770630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- School of Medicine at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Nestin expression in breast cancer: association with prognosis and subtype on 3641 cases with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:107-115. [PMID: 29159761 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancers, originally recognized by gene expression profiling, can be clinically identified using immunohistochemical (IHC) definitions that require estrogen receptor (ER) negativity. However, some basal cases are ER positive and are mistakenly considered to be luminal by standard IHC approaches, leading to suboptimal treatment choices. Nestin, an intermediate filament expressed in many stem cells, is a recently identified positive marker of basal-like phenotype independent of ER status. In this study, we evaluated its clinical associations and prognostic capacity in a large breast cancer cohort. METHODS A tissue microarray series of clinically annotated invasive breast cancers with 12.6-year median follow-up was assessed for nestin expression by IHC. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of nestin status, for the primary endpoint of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). RESULTS Among 3641 cases interpretable for nestin by IHC, positive staining was found in 371 cases (10%) and was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors including other markers of basal-like differentiation. Patients with nestin-positive tumors had a significantly lower 10 year BCSS (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.62-2.40; P < 0.001). Importantly, within the large group of 2323 ER+ cases, nestin positivity identified a subgroup of 120 patients (5%) with a significantly inferior 10-year BCSS (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10-2.13; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Nestin IHC positivity is associated with the poor clinical outcomes and reduced survival rates that characterize the gene expression basal-like subtype. This easily applicable tool identifies ER+ poor prognosis basal phenotype patients that are currently being missed by "Triple negative" or "Core basal" IHC definitions.
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Coleman WB, Anders CK. Discerning Clinical Responses in Breast Cancer Based On Molecular Signatures. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2199-2207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ejlertsen B, Tuxen MK, Jakobsen EH, Jensen MB, Knoop AS, Højris I, Ewertz M, Balslev E, Danø H, Vestlev PM, Kenholm J, Nielsen DL, Bechmann T, Andersson M, Cold S, Nielsen HM, Maae E, Carlsen D, Mouridsen HT. Adjuvant Cyclophosphamide and Docetaxel With or Without Epirubicin for Early TOP2A-Normal Breast Cancer: DBCG 07-READ, an Open-Label, Phase III, Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2639-2646. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.72.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Administration of anthracycline and taxane therapy in the adjuvant setting is considered a standard for breast cancer. We evaluated a non–anthracycline-based regimen in TOP2A-normal patients. Patients and Methods In this multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, 2,012 women with early TOP2A-normal breast cancer and at least one high-risk factor were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) every 3 weeks (DC) or three cycles of epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) followed by three cycles of docetaxel (100 mg/m2; EC-D). The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS) after a median of 5 years of follow-up. Secondary end points were patient-reported toxicity, overall survival (OS), and distant disease–free survival. Results At a median estimated potential follow-up of 69 months, 5-year DFS was 87.9% (95% CI, 85.6% to 89.8%) in the EC-D arm and 88.3% (95% CI, 86.1% to 90.1%) in the DC arm. There was no significant difference in the risk of DFS events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.28; P = 1.00), distant disease–free survival (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.47; P = .40), or mortality (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.59; P = .41) in the intent-to-treat analysis. A significant interaction between menopausal status and treatment group was observed for DFS ( P = .04) but not for OS ( P = .07). Patients with grade 3 tumors derived most benefit from DC, and patients with grade 1 to 2 tumors derived most benefit from EC-D (DFS: interaction P = .02; and OS: interaction P = .03). Patients receiving EC-D reported significantly more stomatitis, myalgia or arthralgia, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy, whereas edema was more frequent after DC. Conclusion This study provides evidence to support no overall outcome benefit from adjuvant anthracyclines in patients with early TOP2A-normal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Ejlertsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Malgorzata K. Tuxen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Erik Hugger Jakobsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Ann Soegaard Knoop
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Inger Højris
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Marianne Ewertz
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Eva Balslev
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Hella Danø
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Peter Michael Vestlev
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Julia Kenholm
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Dorte L. Nielsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Troels Bechmann
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Michael Andersson
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Søren Cold
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Hanne Melgaard Nielsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Else Maae
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Dorte Carlsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
| | - Henning T. Mouridsen
- Bent Ejlertsen, Maj-Britt Jensen, and Henning T. Mouridsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet; Ann Soegaard Knoop and Michael Andersson, Rigshospitalet; Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Eva Balslev, Dorte L. Nielsen, and Dorte Carlsen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen; Erik Hugger Jakobsen, Troels Bechmann, and Else Maae, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle; Inger Højris and Hanne Melgaard Nielsen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Marianne Ewertz, Odense University Hospital, Institute of
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Carey LA. De-escalating and escalating systemic therapy in triple negative breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34 Suppl 1:S112-S115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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McCartney A, Vignoli A, Hart C, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Biganzoli L, Di Leo A. De-escalating and escalating treatment beyond endocrine therapy in patients with luminal breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34 Suppl 1:S13-S18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kaplan HG, Malmgren JA, Atwood MK. Triple-negative breast cancer in the elderly: Prognosis and treatment. Breast J 2017; 23:630-637. [PMID: 28485826 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to characterize treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in older patients and measure mortality risk relative to younger women. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analysis of patients presenting with primary TNBC, age 25-93, stage I-III from 1990 to 2014, identified and tracked by our registry (n=771). Clinical characteristics were chart abstracted at diagnosis and follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to measure disease-specific survival (DSS) by age with Cox regression modeling for relative contribution of patient and clinical characteristics. Of patients, 80% were <65 years (n=612), 13% were 65-74 years (n=100), and 7% were 75 and older (n=59). Older women presented more often with lower stage BC (stage I: 31% age <65, 48% age 65-74, 39% age 75+; P=.014). All three age groups were equally likely to have radiation therapy (77%) but older patients were less often treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (<65=95%, 65-74=76%, 75+=39%; P<.001). Mean follow-up was 7.34 years and did not differ by age. Five-year DSS was equivalent across the three age groups (<65=85%, 65-74=90%, 75+=83%, P=.322). In Cox regression analysis controlling for stage, histologic and nuclear grade, diagnosis year, radiation and chemotherapy treatment, age was not significantly associated with disease-specific mortality. TNBC survival appears equivalent by age despite less aggressive treatment in patients 75 years and older. This may be a result of lower stage at diagnosis and decreased disease virulence resulting in comparative survival despite less treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith A Malmgren
- HealthStat Consulting, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Garrido-Castro AC, Winer EP. Genomic Profiling in Node-Positive ER-Positive Early Breast Cancer: Can Tumor Biology Guide Locoregional Therapy? J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3067833. [PMID: 28376163 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hyams DM, Schuur E, Angel Aristizabal J, Bargallo Rocha JE, Cabello C, Elizalde R, García-Estévez L, Gomez HL, Katz A, Nuñez De Pierro A. Selecting postoperative adjuvant systemic therapy for early stage breast cancer: A critical assessment of commercially available gene expression assays. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:647-662. [PMID: 28211064 PMCID: PMC5484338 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk stratification of patients with early stage breast cancer may support adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making. This review details the development and validation of six multi-gene classifiers, each of which claims to provide useful prognostic and possibly predictive information for early stage breast cancer patients. A careful assessment is presented of each test's analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility, as well as the quality of evidence supporting its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hyams
- Desert Surgical Oncology, Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry L Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Artur Katz
- Hospital Sírio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Tsang HF, Xue VW, Koh SP, Chiu YM, Ng LPW, Wong SCC. NanoString, a novel digital color-coded barcode technology: current and future applications in molecular diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 17:95-103. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1268533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hin-Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Su-Pin Koh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ya-Ming Chiu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lawrence Po-Wah Ng
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Esposito A, Pruneri G. Over-using chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting. Breast 2016; 31:303-308. [PMID: 27866835 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoidance of unnecessary or ineffective treatment should be one of the main goals in adjuvant breast oncology today. Unfortunately, both patients and doctors hunt for tiny statistical differences in survival curves. This search could not only lead to an oncological approach of unlimited addition that we will not be able to afford, but would also end inevitably in indeterminate overtreatment with substantial risks of unexpected toxic effects eating away whatever progress we might make. "Do not harm" remains the main principle in medicine. To be able to follow this rule, we need to better understand the biology of breast cancer. The mistake of "one treatment fits all" can only be changed when we critically review trial designs of adjuvant breast oncology. The risk of overtreatment is there and selection of precisely defined cohorts for phase 3 trials is necessary, despite pressure of scientific ambition, pragmatism, and demands of industry. The "add on" clinical trial design model accepts the inability to confirm that standard therapy is still necessary if a positive result from the addition of the new therapy is obtained. The same model can be applied to "extended" adjuvant treatments in breast cancer subtypes. Addition of "miraculin" to the standard of care should generate a new standard. Such trials that show a modest benefit on average at a population level take us a step away from refining care for the individual, and might support the use of multiple and costly interventions with potential short and long term side effects. It is essential to escalate treatment when necessary and to de-escalate when un-necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Esposito
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Division of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy; University of Milan, Breast Cancer Program, Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bernhardt SM, Dasari P, Walsh D, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Ingman WV. Hormonal Modulation of Breast Cancer Gene Expression: Implications for Intrinsic Subtyping in Premenopausal Women. Front Oncol 2016; 6:241. [PMID: 27896218 PMCID: PMC5107819 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinics are increasingly adopting gene-expression profiling to diagnose breast cancer subtype, providing an intrinsic, molecular portrait of the tumor. For example, the PAM50-based Prosigna test quantifies expression of 50 key genes to classify breast cancer subtype, and this method of classification has been demonstrated to be superior over traditional immunohistochemical methods that detect proteins, to predict risk of disease recurrence. However, these tests were largely developed and validated using breast cancer samples from postmenopausal women. Thus, the accuracy of such tests has not been explored in the context of the hormonal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone that occur during the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. Concordance between traditional methods of subtyping and the new tests in premenopausal women is likely to depend on the stage of the menstrual cycle at which the tissue sample is taken and the relative effect of hormones on expression of genes versus proteins. The lack of knowledge around the effect of fluctuating estrogen and progesterone on gene expression in breast cancer patients raises serious concerns for intrinsic subtyping in premenopausal women, which comprise about 25% of breast cancer diagnoses. Further research on the impact of the menstrual cycle on intrinsic breast cancer profiling is required if premenopausal women are to benefit from the new technology of intrinsic subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Walsh
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide , Woodville, SA , Australia
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Stein RC, Dunn JA, Bartlett JMS, Campbell AF, Marshall A, Hall P, Rooshenas L, Morgan A, Poole C, Pinder SE, Cameron DA, Stallard N, Donovan JL, McCabe C, Hughes-Davies L, Makris A. OPTIMA prelim: a randomised feasibility study of personalised care in the treatment of women with early breast cancer. Health Technol Assess 2016; 20:xxiii-xxix, 1-201. [PMID: 26867046 DOI: 10.3310/hta20100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the chemotherapy sensitivity of some oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancers. Multiparameter assays that measure the expression of several tumour genes simultaneously have been developed to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for this breast cancer subtype. The assays provide prognostic information and have been claimed to predict chemotherapy sensitivity. There is a dearth of prospective validation studies. The Optimal Personalised Treatment of early breast cancer usIng Multiparameter Analysis preliminary study (OPTIMA prelim) is the feasibility phase of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to validate the use of multiparameter assay directed chemotherapy decisions in the NHS. OBJECTIVES OPTIMA prelim was designed to establish the acceptability to patients and clinicians of randomisation to test-driven treatment assignment compared with usual care and to select an assay for study in the main RCT. DESIGN Partially blinded RCT with adaptive design. SETTING Thirty-five UK hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged ≥ 40 years with surgically treated ER-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer and with 1-9 involved axillary nodes, or, if node negative, a tumour at least 30 mm in diameter. INTERVENTIONS Randomisation between two treatment options. Option 1 was standard care consisting of chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy. In option 2, an Oncotype DX(®) test (Genomic Health Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) performed on the resected tumour was used to assign patients either to standard care [if 'recurrence score' (RS) was > 25] or to endocrine therapy alone (if RS was ≤ 25). Patients allocated chemotherapy were blind to their randomisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The pre-specified success criteria were recruitment of 300 patients in no longer than 2 years and, for the final 150 patients, (1) an acceptance rate of at least 40%; (2) recruitment taking no longer than 6 months; and (3) chemotherapy starting within 6 weeks of consent in at least 85% of patients. RESULTS Between September 2012 and 3 June 2014, 350 patients consented to join OPTIMA prelim and 313 were randomised; the final 150 patients were recruited in 6 months, of whom 92% assigned chemotherapy started treatment within 6 weeks. The acceptance rate for the 750 patients invited to participate was 47%. Twelve out of the 325 patients with data (3.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.7% to 5.8%) were deemed ineligible on central review of receptor status. Interviews with researchers and recordings of potential participant consultations made as part of the integral qualitative recruitment study provided insights into recruitment barriers and led to interventions designed to improve recruitment. Patient information was changed as the result of feedback from three patient focus groups. Additional multiparameter analysis was performed on 302 tumour samples. Although Oncotype DX, MammaPrint(®)/BluePrint(®) (Agendia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA), Prosigna(®) (NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), IHC4, IHC4 automated quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA(®)) [NexCourse BreastTM (Genoptix Inc. Carlsbad, CA, USA)] and MammaTyper(®) (BioNTech Diagnostics GmbH, Mainz, Germany) categorised comparable numbers of tumours into low- or high-risk groups and/or equivalent molecular subtypes, there was only moderate agreement between tests at an individual tumour level (kappa ranges 0.33-0.60 and 0.39-0.55 for tests providing risks and subtypes, respectively). Health economics modelling showed the value of information to the NHS from further research into multiparameter testing is high irrespective of the test evaluated. Prosigna is currently the highest priority for further study. CONCLUSIONS OPTIMA prelim has achieved its aims of demonstrating that a large UK clinical trial of multiparameter assay-based selection of chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive early breast cancer is feasible. The economic analysis shows that a trial would be economically worthwhile for the NHS. Based on the outcome of the OPTIMA prelim, a large-scale RCT to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiparameter assay-directed chemotherapy decisions in hormone-sensitive HER2-negative early breast would be appropriate to take place in the NHS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN42400492. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The Government of Ontario funded research at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Robert C Stein received additional support from the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Stein
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Janet A Dunn
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Amy F Campbell
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Peter Hall
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leila Rooshenas
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E Pinder
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A Cameron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher McCabe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Luke Hughes-Davies
- Oncology Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundations Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Makris
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
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