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Banerjee A, Mathew S, Naqvi MM, Yilmaz SZ, Zacharopoulou M, Doruker P, Kumita JR, Yang SH, Gur M, Itzhaki LS, Gordon R, Bahar I. Influence of point mutations on PR65 conformational adaptability: Insights from molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2208. [PMID: 38820156 PMCID: PMC11141623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
PR65 is the HEAT repeat scaffold subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and an archetypal tandem repeat protein. Its conformational mechanics plays a crucial role in PP2A function by opening/closing substrate binding/catalysis interface. Using in silico saturation mutagenesis, we identified PR65 "hinge" residues whose substitutions could alter its conformational adaptability and thereby PP2A function, and selected six mutations that were verified to be expressed and soluble. Molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers revealed consistent results on the specific effects of the mutations on the structure and dynamics of PR65. Two mutants observed in simulations to stabilize extended/open conformations exhibited higher corner frequencies and lower translational scattering in experiments, indicating a shift toward extended conformations, whereas another displayed the opposite features, confirmed by both simulations and experiments. The study highlights the power of single-molecule nanoaperture-based tweezers integrated with in silico approaches for exploring the effect of mutations on protein structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Banerjee
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Samuel Mathew
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsin M. Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Sema Z. Yilmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34437 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Zacharopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Pemra Doruker
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Shang-Hua Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34437 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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2
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Bahar I, Banerjee A, Mathew S, Naqvi M, Yilmaz S, Zachoropoulou M, Doruker P, Kumita J, Yang SH, Gur M, Itzhaki L, Gordon R. Influence of Point Mutations on PR65 Conformational Adaptability: Insights from Nanoaperture Optical Tweezer Experiments and Molecular Simulations. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3599809. [PMID: 38014259 PMCID: PMC10680943 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3599809/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PR65 is the HEAT-repeat scaffold subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and an archetypal tandem-repeat protein, forming a spring-like architecture. PR65 conformational mechanics play a crucial role in PP2A function by opening/closing the substrate-binding/catalysis interface. Using in-silico saturation mutagenesis we identified "hinge" residues of PR65, whose substitutions are predicted to restrict its conformational adaptability and thereby disrupt PP2A function. Molecular simulations revealed that a subset of hinge mutations stabilized the extended/open conformation, whereas another had the opposite effect. By trapping in nanoaperture optical tweezer, we characterized PR65 motion and showed that the former mutants exhibited higher corner frequencies and lower translational scattering, indicating a shift towards extended conformations, whereas the latter showed the opposite behavior. Thus, experiments confirm the conformations predicted computationally. The study highlights the utility of nanoaperture-based tweezers for exploring structure and dynamics, and the power of integrating this single-molecule method with in silico approaches.
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3
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Zaghi M, Banfi F, Massimino L, Volpin M, Bellini E, Brusco S, Merelli I, Barone C, Bruni M, Bossini L, Lamparelli LA, Pintado L, D'Aliberti D, Spinelli S, Mologni L, Colasante G, Ungaro F, Cioni JM, Azzoni E, Piazza R, Montini E, Broccoli V, Sessa A. Balanced SET levels favor the correct enhancer repertoire during cell fate acquisition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3212. [PMID: 37270547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the chromatin, distal elements interact with promoters to regulate specific transcriptional programs. Histone acetylation, interfering with the net charges of the nucleosomes, is a key player in this regulation. Here, we report that the oncoprotein SET is a critical determinant for the levels of histone acetylation within enhancers. We disclose that a condition in which SET is accumulated, the severe Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome (SGS), is characterized by a failure in the usage of the distal regulatory regions typically employed during fate commitment. This is accompanied by the usage of alternative enhancers leading to a massive rewiring of the distal control of the gene transcription. This represents a (mal)adaptive mechanism that, on one side, allows to achieve a certain degree of differentiation, while on the other affects the fine and corrected maturation of the cells. Thus, we propose the differential in cis-regulation as a contributing factor to the pathological basis of SGS and possibly other the SET-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zaghi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Banfi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Volpin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget); IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bellini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Brusco
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- CNR Institute of Biomedical Technologies, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Bruni
- RNA biology of the Neuron Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Bossini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Lamparelli
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pintado
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah D'Aliberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Esperimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- RNA biology of the Neuron Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget); IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Deregulation of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E Signaling Axis Shows High Functional Impact in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097779. [PMID: 37175484 PMCID: PMC10178228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-19b is deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), predicting worse outcome and disease progression in CRC patients, and acting as a promising prognostic marker of patient recurrence and pathological response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC. Moreover, there is a strong inverse correlation between miR-19b and PPP2R5E in LARC, and both predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy in LARC patients. However, the functional role of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E axis in CRC cells remains to be experimentally evaluated. Here, we confirm with luciferase assays that miR-19b is a direct negative regulator of PPP2R5E in CRC, which is concordant with the observed decreased PP2A activity levels after miR-19b overexpression. Furthermore, PPP2R5E downregulation plays a key role mediating miR-19b-induced oncogenic effects, increasing cell viability, colonosphere formation ability, and the migration of CRC cells. Lastly, we also confirm the role of miR-19b mediating 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells through negative PPP2R5E regulation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional relevance of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E signaling pathway in disease progression, and its potential therapeutic value determining the 5-FU response of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Cristóbal I, Lamarca A. Role of the PP2A Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5422. [PMID: 36358840 PMCID: PMC9657793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma represents a heterogeneous disease at both a clinical and molecular level [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-19b Plays a Key Role in 5-Fluorouracil Resistance and Predicts Tumor Progression in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012447. [PMID: 36293302 PMCID: PMC9604503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients includes neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by mesorectal excision. MicroRNA (miR)-19b expression levels in LARC biopsies obtained from initial colonoscopy have recently been identified as independent predictors of both patient outcome and pathological response to preoperative CRT in this disease. Moreover, it has been discovered that this miR increases its expression in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells after 5-FU exposure. Despite the fact that these observations suggest a functional role of miR-19b modulating 5-FU response of LARC cells, this issue still remains to be clarified. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-19b enhances the antitumor effects of 5-FU treatment. Moreover, ectopic miR-19b modulation was able to restore sensitivity to 5-FU treatment using an acquired resistant model to this compound. Notably, we also evaluated the potential clinical impact of miR-19b as a predictive marker of disease progression after tumor surgery resection in LARC patients, observing that miR-19b overexpression significantly anticipates patient recurrence in our cohort (p = 0.002). Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-19b in the progressively decreasing sensitivity to 5-FU treatment and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target to overcome 5-FU resistance, as well as its clinical impact as predictor of tumor progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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Han D, Wang L, Long L, Su P, Luo D, Zhang H, Li Z, Chen B, Zhao W, Zhang N, Wang X, Liang Y, Li Y, Hu G, Yang Q. The E3 Ligase TRIM4 Facilitates SET Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation to Enhance ER-α Action in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201701. [PMID: 35843886 PMCID: PMC9443474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) action is critical for hormone-dependent breast cancer, and ER-α dysregulation can lead to the emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy. Here, it is found that TRIM4 is downregulated in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant breast cancer cells, while the loss of TRIM4 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that TRIM4 increased ER-α expression and the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAM. Mechanistically, TRIM4 is found to target SET, and TRIM4-SET interactions are mediated by the RING and B-box domains of TRIM4 and the carboxyl terminus of SET. Moreover, it is determined that TRIM4 catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of SET (K150 and K172), promoting its proteasomal degradation and disassociation from p53 and PP2A. Once released, p53 and PP2A are able to further promote ESR1 gene transcription and enhance mRNA stability. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses confirm that TRIM4 expression is an independent predictor of overall survival and recurrence-free survival outcomes in patients with ER-α positive breast cancer. Taken together, the data highlights a previously undiscovered mechanism and suggest that TRIM4 is a valuable biomarker that can be analyzed to predict response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue BankQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
- Mianyang Central HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaMianyangSichuan621000China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Bing Chen
- Pathology Tissue BankQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue BankQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Guohong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell BiologyInstitute of Health SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200233China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
- Pathology Tissue BankQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
- Research Institute of Breast CancerShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
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9
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Narayan S, Raza A, Mahmud I, Koo N, Garrett TJ, Law ME, Law BK, Sharma AK. Sensitization of FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells via the modulation of a novel pathway involving protein phosphatase 2A. iScience 2022; 25:104518. [PMID: 35754740 PMCID: PMC9218363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with FOLFOX shows some efficacy, but these tumors quickly develop resistance to this treatment. We have observed increased phosphorylation of AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1 and levels of p21 in FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells. We have identified a small molecule, NSC49L, that stimulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, downregulates the AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1-axis, and inhibits p21 translation. We have provided evidence that NSC49L- and TRAIL-mediated sensitization is synergistically induced in p21-knockdown CRC cells, which is reversed in p21-overexpressing cells. p21 binds with procaspase 3 and prevents the activation of caspase 3. We have shown that TRAIL induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 by NSC49L-mediated downregulation of p21 translation, and thereby cleavage of procaspase 3 into caspase 3. NSC49L does not affect global protein synthesis. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of NSC49L as a PP2A agonist, and how its combination with TRAIL sensitizes FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nayeong Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mary E. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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10
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Galiger C, Dahlhaus M, Vitek MP, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. PPP2CA Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Neuroblastoma Cells That Can Be Activated by the SET Inhibitor OP449. Front Oncol 2022; 12:744984. [PMID: 35814385 PMCID: PMC9258974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.744984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and has a poor prognosis in high-risk cases, requiring novel therapies. Pathways that depend on phospho-signaling maintain the aggressiveness of NB. Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) with its catalytic subunit PPP2CA is a major phosphatase in cancer cells, including NB. We show that reduction of PPP2CA by knock-down decreased growth of NB cells and that complete ablation of PPP2CA by knock-out was not tolerated. Thus, NB cells are addicted to PPP2CA, an addiction augmented by MYCN activation. SET, a crucial endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, was overexpressed in poor-prognosis NB. The SET inhibitor OP449 effectively decreased the viability of NB cells, independent of their molecular alterations and in line with a tumor suppressor function of PPP2CA. The contrasting concentration-dependent functions of PPP2CA as an essential survival gene at low expression levels and a tumor suppressor at high levels are reminiscent of other genes showing this so-called Goldilocks phenomenon. PP2A reactivated by OP449 decreased activating phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in the AKT pathway. Conversely, induced activation of AKT led to partial rescue of OP449-mediated viability inhibition. Dasatinib, a kinase inhibitor used in relapsed/refractory NB, and OP449 synergized, decreasing activating AKT phosphorylations. In summary, concomitantly reactivating phosphatases and inhibiting kinases with a combination of OP449 and dasatinib are promising novel therapeutic approaches to NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celimene Galiger
- Section of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Dahlhaus
- Section of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Peter Vitek
- Cognosci, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Beltinger
- Section of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Beltinger,
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11
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Gao L, Wang S, Xu J, Lu D, Cui Y. SET improved oocyte maturation by serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A and inhibited oocyte apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100668. [PMID: 35728284 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SET is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of molecular processes such as cell apoptosis and cell-cycle regulation. In ovaries SET is predominantly expressed in theca cells and oocytes. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients the expression of SET was increased than healthy people. The current study was designed to determine whether SET plays a role in oocyte maturation and apoptosis, which may provide clues for the underlying pathological mechanism of follicular development in PCOS patients. Oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV) stage were collected from 6-week-old female ICR mice ovaries. The expression of SET was manipulated by AdCMV-SET and AdH1-SiRNA/SET adenoviruses. SET overexpression improved oocyte maturation whereas SET knockdown inhibited oocyte maturation. Moreover, SET negatively regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in oocytes. Treatment with PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) promoted oocyte maturation. Furthermore, PP2A knockdown confirmed the role of PP2A in oocyte maturation, and OA was able to block the AdH1-SiRNA/SET-mediated inhibition on oocyte maturation. The central role of PP2A in SET-mediated regulation of oocyte maturation was confirmed by the finding that SET increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and PP2A inhibited their expressions. Besides, SET inhibited oocyte apoptosis through decreasing the expression of caspase 3 and caspases 8, while PP2A had no effect on oocyte apoptosis. SET promoted oocyte maturation by inhibiting PP2A activity and inhibited oocyte apoptosis in mouse in-vitro cultured oocytes, which may provide a pathologic pathway leading to impaired oocyte developmental competence in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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12
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Gadallah M, Asaad NY, Shabaan M, Elkholy SS, Samara MY, Taie D. Role of SET oncoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:420-434. [PMID: 35156535 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2034646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary cancer of the liver and it is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. In Egypt, liver cancer constitutes the most common cause of mortality-related cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SET oncoprotein in HCC tissues in comparison with its expression in non tumorous liver tissues and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological parameters. This study investigated 100 cases of HCC (including tumorous and non tumorous tissues). One hundred percent of tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were positive for SET expression. The mean and median values of H-score for SET expression were higher in tumorous than non tumorous tissues (P = .03). Higher SET expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = .012), positive lymphovascular invasion (P = .028), and shorter overall survival (P < .001). SET expression in tumor tissues is the most independent factor to affect the overall survival of HCC patients. SET plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis proved by the increase of SET expression from non-tumorous to tumorous tissues. Also, SET can be used as a prognostic indicator and a novel target therapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Gadallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Yousef Asaad
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shabaan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Saad Elkholy
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Manar Yousef Samara
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Doha Taie
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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13
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Kohyanagi N, Kitamura N, Tanaka K, Mizuno T, Fujiwara N, Ohama T, Sato K. The protein level of the tumor-promoting factor SET is regulated by cell density. J Biochem 2022; 171:295-303. [PMID: 35076073 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SET/I2PP2A is a multifunctional protein that acts as an intrinsic inhibitor of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A and as a histone chaperone. Increased SET levels have been observed in various cancers; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that SET protein accumulates with the increasing density of cultured cells. This phenomenon was observed not only in cancer cell lines but also in non-cancer cell lines. The mRNA levels of SET were not affected by the cell density. Proteasome inhibition decreased SET levels, whereas autophagy inhibition led to SET accumulation, indicating the involvement of autophagy. The mRNA and protein expression of SETBP1, which stabilizes the SET protein, increased with cell density. The decrease in SET level due to the loss of SETBP1 was more pronounced in wild-type cells than that in autophagy-deficient cells. These results have revealed a mechanism underlying the regulation of SET level, wherein increased cell density induces SETBP1 expression and protects SET from autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kohyanagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 794-8555 Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
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14
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhu H, Zhu X, Deb D, Meredith SC, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Fletcher M, Sanchez A, Pekow J, Deng Z, Amini N, Konda VJ, Rao VL, Sakuraba A, Kwesi A, Kupfer SS, Fichera A, Joseph L, Hart J, He F, He TC, West-Szymanski D, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Upregulation of polycistronic microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in colonocytes suppresses colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1317-1334. [PMID: 33356812 PMCID: PMC8813074 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1863117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because ADAM17 promotes colonic tumorigenesis, we investigated potential miRNAs regulating ADAM17; and examined effects of diet and tumorigenesis on these miRNAs. We also examined pre-miRNA processing and tumour suppressor roles of several of these miRNAs in experimental colon cancer. Using TargetScan, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were predicted to regulate ADAM17. miR-143 was also investigated as miR-143 and miR-145 are co-transcribed and associated with decreased tumour growth. HCT116 colon cancer cells (CCC) were co-transfected with predicted ADAM17-regulating miRNAs and luciferase reporters controlled by ADAM17-3'UTR. Separately, pre-miR-143 processing by colonic cells was measured. miRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. Tumours were induced with AOM/DSS in WT and transgenic mice (Tg) expressing pre-miR-143/miR-145 under villin promoter. HCT116 transfection with miR-145, -148a or -152, but not scrambled miRNA inhibited ADAM17 expression and luciferase activity. The latter was suppressed by mutations in ADAM17-3'UTR. Lysates from colonocytes, but not CCC, processed pre-miR-143 and mixing experiments suggested CCC lacked a competency factor. Colonic miR-143, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were downregulated in tumours and more moderately by feeding mice a Western diet. Tg mice were resistant to DSS colitis and had significantly lower cancer incidence and tumour multiplicity. Tg expression blocked up-regulation of putative targets of miR-143 and miR-145, including ADAM17, K-Ras, XPO5, and SET. miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 directly suppress colonocyte ADAM17 and are down-regulated in colon cancer. This is the first direct demonstration of tumour suppressor roles for miR-143 and miR-145 in an in vivo model of colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Dilip Deb
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arantxa Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Nader Amini
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vijaya L. Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Akushika Kwesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Loren Joseph
- Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Fang He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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15
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Differential Expression of the Sphingolipid Pathway Is Associated with Sensitivity to the PP2A Activator FTY720 in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214999. [PMID: 34768523 PMCID: PMC8584763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular serine/threonine phosphatase. Deregulation of PP2A is a common event associated with adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. We have previously shown that breast cancer cell lines are sensitive to the PP2A activator FTY720, and that sensitivity is predicted by high Aurora kinase A (AURKA) mRNA expression. In this study, we hypothesized that high relative AURKA expression could predict sensitivity to FTY720-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The CRC cell lines NCI H716, COLO320DM, DLD-1, SW480, and HT-29 show a high relative AURKA expression as compared to LS411N, T84, HCT116, SW48, and LOVO. Following viability assays, LS411N, T84, HCT116, and SW480 were shown to be sensitive to FTY720, whereas DLD-1 and HT-29 were non-sensitive. Hence, AURKA mRNA expression does not predict sensitivity to FTY720 in CRC cell lines. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparing the sensitive CRC cell lines (LS411N and HCT116) against the non-sensitive (HT-29 and DLD-1). We found that 253 genes were significantly altered in expression, and upregulation of CERS4, PPP2R2C, GNAZ, PRKCG, BCL2, MAPK12, and MAPK11 suggests the involvement of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, known to be activated by phosphorylated-FTY720. In conclusion, although AURKA expression did not predict sensitivity to FTY720, it is evident that specific CRC cell lines are sensitive to 5 µM FTY720, potentially because of the differential expression of genes involved in the sphingolipid pathway.
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16
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Savier E, Simon-Gracia L, Charlotte F, Tuffery P, Teesalu T, Scatton O, Rebollo A. Bi-Functional Peptides as a New Therapeutic Tool for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101631. [PMID: 34683924 PMCID: PMC8541685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interfering peptides that block protein–protein interactions have been receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic tools. Methods: We measured the internalization and biological effect of four bi-functional tumor-penetrating and interfering peptides into primary hepatocytes isolated from three non-malignant and 11 hepatocellular carcinomas. Results: These peptides are internalized in malignant hepatocytes but not in non-malignant cells. Furthermore, the degree of peptide internalization correlated with receptor expression level and tumor aggressiveness levels. Importantly, penetration of the peptides iRGD-IP, LinTT1-IP, TT1-IP, and RPARPAR-IP induced apoptosis of the malignant hepatocytes without effect on non-malignant cells. Conclusion: Receptor expression levels correlated with the level of peptide internalization and aggressiveness of the tumor. This study highlights the potential to exploit the expression of tumor-penetrating peptide receptors as a predictive marker of liver tumor aggressiveness. These bi-functional peptides could be developed for personalized tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Savier
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, AP-HP, Pitié–Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (E.S.); (O.S.)
- Sant Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Institut Nationale de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lorena Simon-Gracia
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (L.S.-G.); (T.T.)
| | - Frederic Charlotte
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Pitié–Salpêtrière Hospital, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre Tuffery
- Biologie Fontionelle Adaptative (BFA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL U1133, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia; (L.S.-G.); (T.T.)
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, AP-HP, Pitié–Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (E.S.); (O.S.)
- Sant Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Institut Nationale de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angelita Rebollo
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Inserm U1267, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR8258, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kato K, Kawaguchi A, Nagata K. Template activating factor-I epigenetically regulates the TERT transcription in human cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17726. [PMID: 34489496 PMCID: PMC8421516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere, the terminus of linear chromosome in eukaryotes, is composed of specific repeat DNA which is mainly synthesized by a protein complex called telomerase. The maintenance of telomere DNA is important for unlimited proliferative capacity of cancer cells. The telomerase activity is controlled by the expression level of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a catalytic unit of telomerase, in some species including human. Therefore, to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of the transcription of TERT gene is important for understanding the tumor development. We found that template activating factor-I (TAF-I), a multifunctional nuclear protein, is involved in the transcriptional activation of TERT for the maintenance of telomere DNA in HeLa cells. TAF-I maintains the histone H3 modifications involved in transcriptional activation and hypomethylated cytosines in CpG dinucleotides around the transcription start site (TSS) in the TERT gene locus. Collectively, TAF-I is involved in the maintenance of telomere DNA through the regulation of TERT transcription, then consequently the occurrence and/or recurrence of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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18
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Deregulation of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor SET is associated with malignant progression in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14238. [PMID: 34244560 PMCID: PMC8270961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanism underlying metastasis, identification of a mechanism-based and common biomarker for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in heterogenous breast cancer is needed. SET, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, was overexpressed in all subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma tissues. Treatment with SET-targeted siRNAs reduced the motility of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in transwell assay. SET knockdown reduced the number of mammospheres by 60–70% in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which was associated with the downregulation of OCT4 and SLUG. Hence, we analysed the presence of SET-expressing CTCs (SET-CTCs) in 24 breast cancer patients. CTCs were enriched using a size-based method and then immunocytochemically analysed using an anti-SET antibody. SET-CTCs were detected in 6/6 (100%) patients with recurrent breast cancer with a median value of 12 (12 cells/3 mL blood), and in 13/18 (72.2%) patients with stage I–III breast cancer with a median value of 2.5, while the median value of healthy controls was 0. Importantly, high numbers of SET-CTCs were correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I–III disease. Our results indicate that SET contributes to breast cancer progression and can act as a potential biomarker of CTCs for the detection of metastasis.
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19
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Serifi I, Besta S, Karetsou Z, Giardoglou P, Beis D, Niewiadomski P, Papamarcaki T. Targeting of SET/I2PP2A oncoprotein inhibits Gli1 transcription revealing a new modulator of Hedgehog signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13940. [PMID: 34230583 PMCID: PMC8260731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation, is critical for the development of nearly every tissue and organ in vertebrates and is also involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we characterize the oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A as a novel regulator of Hh signaling. Our previous work has shown that the zebrafish homologs of SET are expressed during early development and localized in the ciliated organs. In the present work, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of setb gene in zebrafish embryos resulted in cyclopia, a characteristic patterning defect previously reported in Hh mutants. Consistent with these findings, targeting setb gene using CRISPR/Cas9 or a setb morpholino, reduced Gli1-dependent mCherry expression in the Hedgehog reporter zebrafish line Tg(12xGliBS:mCherry-NLS). Likewise, SET loss of function by means of pharmacological inhibition and gene knockdown prevented the increase of Gli1 expression in mammalian cells in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of SET resulted in an increase of the expression of a Gli-dependent luciferase reporter, an effect likely attributable to the relief of the Sufu-mediated inhibition of Gli1. Collectively, our data support the involvement of SET in Gli1-mediated transcription and suggest the oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A as a new modulator of Hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Serifi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Simoni Besta
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Zoe Karetsou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Developmental Biology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomais Papamarcaki
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece. .,Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece.
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20
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Mahoney KE, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF. MHC Phosphopeptides: Promising Targets for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100112. [PMID: 34129940 PMCID: PMC8724925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex-associated peptides have been considered as potential immunotherapeutic targets for many years. MHC class I phosphopeptides result from dysregulated cell signaling pathways that are common across cancers and both viral and bacterial infections. These antigens are recognized by central memory T cells from healthy donors, indicating that they are considered antigenic by the immune system and that they are presented across different individuals and diseases. Based on these responses and the similar dysregulation, phosphorylated antigens are promising candidates for prevention or treatment of different cancers as well as a number of other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira E Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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21
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Dacol EC, Wang S, Chen Y, Lepique AP. The interaction of SET and protein phosphatase 2A as target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188578. [PMID: 34116173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cancer cells, tumor suppressor proteins loss-of-function are usually the result of genetic mutations. Protein Phosphatase 2A is a tumor suppressor that inactivates several signaling pathways through removal of phosphate residues important for other proteins stability and/or activation. Different from other tumor suppressors, PP2A is, in many cancer types, inactivated by endogenous inhibitors. In physiological conditions, these inhibitors are important to balance PP2A activity. However, in cancer cells, overexpression of these inhibitors can keep PP2A inactive, resulting in sustained activation of mitogenic signaling pathways and transcription factors, metabolic reprogramming, with the resulting cancer progression and the resistance to anti-cancer therapies. One of these endogenous inhibitors is the protein SET (SE Translocation). SET is a multifunctional protein, which high expression has been associated with several types of cancer, as well as other diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Disruption of the interaction between SET and PP2A to rescue the activity of PP2A may represent a new therapeutic strategy and opportunity for cancer treatment. This review brings up-to-date advances on the interactions between SET and PP2A and their biological consequences. Moreover, we review reported inhibitors of SET-PP2A interaction under investigation as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Dacol
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av.Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, room 136, Biomedicas IV Building, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - S Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Y Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - A P Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av.Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, room 136, Biomedicas IV Building, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Lee YQ, Rajadurai P, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Proteomic Analysis on Anti-Proliferative and Apoptosis Effects of Curcumin Analog, 1,5-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-Methyoxyphenyl)-1,4-Pentadiene-3-One-Treated Human Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:645856. [PMID: 33996900 PMCID: PMC8119891 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.645856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin analogs with excellent biological properties have been synthesized to address and overcome the poor pharmacokinetic profiles of curcumin. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, and apoptosis-inducing ability of curcumin analog, MS13 on human glioblastoma U-87 MG, and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and to examine the global proteome changes in these cells following treatment. Our current findings showed that MS13 induced potent cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects on both cells. Increased caspase-3 activity and decreased bcl-2 concentration upon treatment indicate that MS13 induces apoptosis in these cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The label-free shotgun proteomic analysis has defined the protein profiles in both glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells, whereby a total of nine common DEPs, inclusive of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), alpha-enolase (ENO1), heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP90AA1), Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta (HSP90AB1), Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 (EFI5A), heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK), tubulin beta chain (TUBB), histone H2AX (H2AFX), and Protein SET were identified. Pathway analysis further elucidated that MS13 may induce its anti-tumor effects in both cells via the common enriched pathways, “Glycolysis” and “Post-translational protein modification.” Conclusively, MS13 demonstrates an anti-cancer effect that may indicate its potential use in the management of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Qian Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pathmanathan Rajadurai
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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23
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Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Santos A, Torrejón B, Caramés C, Imedio L, Mariblanca S, Luque M, Sanz-Alvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-199b Downregulation Confers Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil Treatment and Predicts Poor Outcome and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061655. [PMID: 32580513 PMCID: PMC7352382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy followed by mesorectal excision is the current standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and the lack of complete response represents a major problem that compromises long-term patient survival. However, there is a lack of robust established markers predictive of response to this preoperative treatment available in the clinical routine. The tumor suppressor microRNA (miR)-199b directly targets the PP2A inhibitor SET, which has been involved in 5-FU resistance, and its downregulation has been found to correlate with poor outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, we studied the functional effects of miR-199b on 5-FU sensitivity after its ectopic modulation, and its expression was quantified by real-time-PCR in a cohort of 110 LARC patients to evaluate its potential clinical significance. Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that miR-199b enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU in a SET-dependent manner, and that both miR-199b overexpression and SET inhibition are able to overcome resistance to this drug using an acquired 5-FU-resistant model. MiR-199b was found downregulated in 26.4% of cases and was associated with positive lymph node levels after chemoradiotherapy (CRT, p = 0.007) and high pathological stage (p = 0.029). Moreover, miR-199b downregulation determined shorter overall (p = 0.003) and event-free survival (p = 0.005), and was an independent predictor of poor response to preoperative CRT (p = 0.004). In conclusion, our findings highlight the clinical impact of miR-199b downregulation predicting poor outcome and pathological response in LARC, and suggest the miR-199b/SET signaling axis as a novel molecular target to prevent the development of resistance to 5-FU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Torrejón
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Imedio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Mariblanca
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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24
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Leonard D, Huang W, Izadmehr S, O'Connor CM, Wiredja DD, Wang Z, Zaware N, Chen Y, Schlatzer DM, Kiselar J, Vasireddi N, Schüchner S, Perl AL, Galsky MD, Xu W, Brautigan DL, Ogris E, Taylor DJ, Narla G. Selective PP2A Enhancement through Biased Heterotrimer Stabilization. Cell 2020; 181:688-701.e16. [PMID: 32315618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of protein phosphatases, including the family of serine/threonine phosphatases designated PP2A, is essential for the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate hundreds of proteins is regulated by over 40 specificity-determining regulatory "B" subunits that compete for assembly and activation of heterogeneous PP2A heterotrimers. Here, we reveal how a small molecule, DT-061, specifically stabilizes the B56α-PP2A holoenzyme in a fully assembled, active state to dephosphorylate selective substrates, such as its well-known oncogenic target, c-Myc. Our 3.6 Å structure identifies molecular interactions between DT-061 and all three PP2A subunits that prevent dissociation of the active enzyme and highlight inherent mechanisms of PP2A complex assembly. Thus, our findings provide fundamental insights into PP2A complex assembly and regulation, identify a unique interfacial stabilizing mode of action for therapeutic targeting, and aid in the development of phosphatase-based therapeutics tailored against disease specific phospho-protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danica D Wiredja
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- PEPCC Facility, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniela M Schlatzer
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nikhil Vasireddi
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefan Schüchner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Abbey L Perl
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David L Brautigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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25
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Wang H, Qiu P, Zhu S, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Shang J, Qu B, Liu J, Zhao Q. SET nuclear proto-oncogene gene expression is associated with microsatellite instability in human colorectal cancer identified by co-expression analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:339-346. [PMID: 31495599 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Microsatellite instability (MSI) is one of the promising biomarkers in human colorectal cancers (CRCs), and it is influenced by an intricate gene interaction network. Hence, we aimed to identify and validate hub genes associated with MSI CRC and to illustrate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to investigate potential regulatory targets and relationships between key modules and hub genes associated with MSI CRC. RESULTS In the red module (r = 0.83), SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) was selected due to its high intra-modular connectivity and module membership. In the test sets, SET expression was downregulated in MSI CRCs compared to that in microsatellite stability (MSS) CRCs. SET expression level had a good performance in stratifying patients into MSI or MSS CRCs (area under the curve = 0.953). Moreover, the BRAF V600E mutation was highly associated with SET expression, and MSI/HLA- samples showed lower levels of SET mRNA expression than MSS/HLA- samples. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that patients in the SET low expression group were enriched in base excision repair. CONCLUSION SET was identified and validated as a novel potential biomarker in MSI CRCs, and SET probably acts through regulating the base excision repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Shishodia G, Koul S, Koul HK. Protocadherin 7 is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer and promotes aberrant MEK and AKT signaling. Prostate 2019; 79:1739-1751. [PMID: 31449679 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) accounts for almost all prostate cancer (PCa) deaths. Aberrant activation of ERK/MEK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways plays an important role in subsets of patients with CRPC. The role of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in modulating these signaling pathways is investigated for the first time in PCa in the present investigation. METHODS PCDH7 expression was analyzed in CRPC/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) dataset. Protein expression was assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and messenger RNA (mRNA) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Small hairpin ribonucleic acid was used to knockdown PCDH7. Colony formation, cell migration, and invasion studies were done using standard protocols. RESULTS PCDH7 amplification/mRNA upregulation was observed in 41% of patients in CRPC/NEPC dataset. PCDH7 was also overexpressed in CRPC cells. Increased PCDH protein expression was observed during tumor progression in PCa tissues and in TRAMP mice. Epidermal growth factor treatment resulted in aberrant activation of ERK/AKT. Knockdown of PCDH7 decreased ERK, AKT, and RB phosphorylation and reduced colony formation, decreased cell invasion, and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that PCDH7 is overexpressed in a large number of patients with CRPC and suggest that PCDH7 may be an attractive target in subsets of patients with CRPC for whom there is no cure to-date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Shishodia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Overton Brooks Veterans Administrative Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
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27
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Nader CP, Cidem A, Verrills NM, Ammit AJ. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A): a key phosphatase in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer. Respir Res 2019; 20:222. [PMID: 31623614 PMCID: PMC6798356 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has the highest relative risk of development as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanisms that mediate chronic inflammation and lung function impairment in COPD have been identified in LC. This suggests the two diseases are more linked than once thought. Emerging data in relation to a key phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and its regulatory role in inflammatory and tumour suppression in both disease settings suggests that it may be critical in the progression of COPD to LC. In this review, we uncover the importance of the functional and active PP2A holoenzyme in the context of both diseases. We describe PP2A inactivation via direct and indirect means and explore the actions of two key PP2A endogenous inhibitors, cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and inhibitor 2 of PP2A (SET), and the role they play in COPD and LC. We explain how dysregulation of PP2A in COPD creates a favourable inflammatory micro-environment and promotes the initiation and progression of tumour pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight PP2A as a druggable target in the treatment of COPD and LC and demonstrate the potential of PP2A re-activation as a strategy to halt COPD disease progression to LC. Although further studies are required to elucidate if PP2A activity in COPD is a causal link for LC progression, studies focused on the potential of PP2A reactivating agents to reduce the risk of LC formation in COPD patients will be pivotal in improving clinical outcomes for both COPD and LC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra P Nader
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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28
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Distribution of SET/I2PP2A protein in gastrointestinal tissues. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222845. [PMID: 31557212 PMCID: PMC6762106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SET (also called I2PP2A and TIF-1) is a multi-functional protein that regulates a variety of cell signaling including nucleosome assembly, histone binding, and tumorigenesis. Elevated SET protein levels are observed in various human tumors, and are correlated with poor prognosis and drug-resistance. We recently reported that SET protein levels in cancer cells were positively correlated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Using immunohistochemistry, SET protein was observed not only in cancer cells, but also in some interstitial cells. However, the tissue distribution of SET has not been investigated. Here we performed co-immunofluorescent staining to characterize SET protein distribution in gastrointestinal tissues. We found that even though the positive rate is much lower than epithelial cells, SET protein is also expressed in non-epithelial cells, such as monocytes/macrophages, neural cells, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Our results indicate an extensive role of SET in a variety of cell types.
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29
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Remmerie M, Janssens V. PP2A: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:462. [PMID: 31214504 PMCID: PMC6558005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the use of targeted therapies has immensely increased in the treatment of cancer. However, treatment for endometrial carcinomas (ECs) has lagged behind, although potential molecular markers have been identified. This is particularly problematic for the type II ECs, since these aggressive tumors are usually not responsive toward the current standard therapies. Therefore, type II ECs are responsible for most EC-related deaths, indicating the need for new treatment options. Interestingly, molecular analyses of type II ECs have uncovered frequent genetic alterations (up to 40%) in PPP2R1A, encoding the Aα subunit of the tumor suppressive heterotrimeric protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A). PPP2R1A mutations were also reported in type I ECs and other common gynecologic cancers, albeit at much lower frequencies (0-7%). Nevertheless, PP2A inactivation in the latter cancer types is common via other mechanisms, in particular by increased expression of Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and PP2A Methylesterase-1 (PME-1) proteins. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of direct and indirect PP2A targeting compounds, possibly in combination with other anti-cancer drugs, in EC. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of the PP2A status as a predictive and/or prognostic marker for type I and II ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yin L, Zeng Y, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Shen H, Dong J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of SET at serine 7 is essential for its oncogenic activity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 31097686 PMCID: PMC6522553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SE translocation (SET), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), plays important roles in mitosis and possesses oncogenic activity in several types of cancer. However, little is known regarding its regulation. Here we reveal a novel phosphorylation site of SET isoform 1, and we have determined its biological significance in tumorigenesis. We found that the mitotic kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates SET isoform 1 in vitro and in vivo at serine 7 during antitubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest and normal mitosis. SET deletion resulted in massive multipolar spindles, chromosome misalignment and missegregation, and centrosome amplification during mitosis. Moreover, mitotic phosphorylation of SET isoform 1 is required for cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in xenograft animal models. We further documented that SET phosphorylation affects Akt activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that SET isoform 1 promotes oncogenesis in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yongji Zeng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Deregulation of SET is Associated with Tumor Progression and Predicts Adverse Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030346. [PMID: 30871013 PMCID: PMC6463201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) deregulation is a novel molecular target in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its role in CRC progression and its potential clinical impact in early-stage CRC patients remain unknown. Here, we studied the biological effects of SET on migration using wound-healing and transwell assays, and anchorage-independent cell growth using soft agar colony formation assays after ectopic SET modulation. SET was analyzed by immuno-staining in 231 early-stage CRC patients, and miR-199b expression was quantified by real-time PCR in a set of CRC patients. Interestingly, SET enhances cell migration, markedly affects the colony-forming ability, promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and induces the expression of the MYC proto-oncogene (c-MYC) in CRC cells. SET overexpression was detected in 15.4% of cases and was associated with worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (p = 0.021) and relapse in stage-II CRC patients (p = 0.008). Moreover, SET overexpression predicted shorter overall survival (p < 0.001) and time to metastasis (p < 0.001), and its prognostic value was particularly evident in elderly patients. MiR-199b downregulation was identified as a molecular mechanism to deregulate SET in patients with localized disease. In conclusion, SET overexpression is a common alteration in early-stage CRC, playing an oncogenic role associated with progression and aggressiveness, and portends a poor outcome. Thus, SET emerges as a novel potential molecular target with clinical impact in early-stage in CRC.
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Targeting SET to restore PP2A activity disrupts an oncogenic CIP2A-feedforward loop and impairs triple negative breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:263-275. [PMID: 30651219 PMCID: PMC6412013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains difficult to be targeted. SET and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) are intrinsic protein-interacting inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and frequently overexpressed in cancers, whereas reactivating PP2A activity has been postulated as an anti-cancer strategy. Here we explored this strategy in TNBC. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed. TNBC cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The apoptotic cells were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. A SET-PP2A protein-protein interaction antagonist TD19 was used to disrupt signal transduction. In vivo efficacy of TD19 was tested in MDA-MB-468-xenografted animal model. Findings TCGA data revealed upregulation of SET and CIP2A and positive correlation of these two gene expressions in TNBC tumors. Ectopic SET or CIP2A increased cell viability, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Notably ERK inhibition increased PP2A activity. ERK activation is known crucial for Elk-1 activity, a transcriptional factor regulating CIP2A expression, we hypothesized an oncogenic feedforward loop consisting of pERK/pElk-1/CIP2A/PP2A. This loop was validated by knockdown of PP2A and ectopic expression of Elk-1, showing reciprocal changes in loop members. In addition, ectopic expression of SET increased pAkt, pERK, pElk-1 and CIP2A expressions, suggesting a positive linkage between SET and CIP2A signaling. Moreover, TD19 disrupted this CIP2A-feedforward loop by restoring PP2A activity, demonstrating in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Mechanistically, TD19 downregulated CIP2A mRNA via inhibiting pERK-mediated Elk-1 nuclear translocation thereby decreased Elk-1 binding to the CIP2A promoter. Interpretation These findings suggested that a novel oncogenic CIP2A-feedforward loop contributes to TNBC progression and targeting SET to disrupt this oncogenic CIP2A loop showed therapeutic potential in TNBC.
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Fowle H, Zhao Z, Graña X. PP2A holoenzymes, substrate specificity driving cellular functions and deregulation in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:55-93. [PMID: 31349904 PMCID: PMC9994639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PP2A is a highly conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatase of the PPP family of phosphatases with fundamental cellular functions. In cells, PP2A targets specific subcellular locations and substrates by forming heterotrimeric holoenzymes, where a core dimer consisting of scaffold (A) and catalytic (C) subunits complexes with one of many B regulatory subunits. PP2A plays a key role in positively and negatively regulating a myriad of cellular processes, as it targets a very sizable fraction of the cellular substrates phosphorylated on Ser/Thr residues. This review focuses on insights made toward the understanding on how the subunit composition and structure of PP2A holoenzymes mediates substrate specificity, the role of substrate modulation in the signaling of cellular division, growth, and differentiation, and its deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Fowle
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ziran Zhao
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xavier Graña
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Brander DM, Friedman DR, Volkheimer AD, Christensen DJ, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ, Guadalupe E, Chen Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Davis C, Owzar K, Weinberg JB. SET alpha and SET beta mRNA isoforms in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:605-615. [PMID: 30443898 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in RNA splicing is implicated in carcinogenesis and progression. Mutations in spliceosome genes and alternative splicing of other genes have been noted in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), a common B cell malignancy with heterogeneous outcomes. We previously demonstrated that differences in the amount of SET oncoprotein (a physiological inhibitor of the serine/threonine phosphatase, PP2A) is associated with clinical aggressiveness in patients with CLL. It is unknown if alternative splicing of gene transcripts regulating kinases and phosphatases affects disease pathobiology and CLL progression. We show here for the first time that mRNA levels of the alternatively spliced SET isoforms, SETA and SETB (SETα and SETβ), significantly correlate with disease severity (overall survival and time-to-first-treatment) in CLL patients. In addition, we demonstrate that relative increase of SETA to SETB mRNA can discriminate patients with a more aggressive disease course within the otherwise favourable CLL risk classifications of IGHV mutated and favourable hierarchical fluorescence in situ hybridisation groups. We validate our finding by showing comparable relationships of SET mRNA with disease outcomes using samples from an independent CLL cohort from a separate institution. These findings indicate that alternative splicing of SET, and potentially other signalling cascade molecules, influences CLL biology and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Brander
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daphne R Friedman
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Z Rassenti
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Youwei Chen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Brice Weinberg
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Torrejón B, Cristóbal I, Caramés C, Prieto-Potín I, Chamizo C, Santos A, Sanz-Alvarez M, Serna-Blasco R, Luque M, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Analysis of Potential Alterations Affecting SETBP1 as a Novel Contributing Mechanism to Inhibit PP2A in Colorectal Cancer Patients. World J Surg 2018; 42:3771-3778. [PMID: 29796729 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional loss of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) occurs in a wide variety of human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), and SET overexpression has been reported as a key contributing mechanism to inhibit PP2A. Although SET binding protein 1 (SETBP1) overexpression and gain of function mutations have been described in several hematological malignancies as common events that increase the expression levels of the PP2A inhibitor SET, thereby leading to PP2A inactivation, the potential existence of SETBP1 alterations in CRC still remains unexplored. METHODS We studied the expression profile of SETBP1 by Western blot in a set of CRC cell lines and patient samples. Moreover, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assays to analyze the formation of the previously reported SETBP1-SET-PP2A inhibitory complex. Furthermore, we evaluated the mutational status of SETBP1 by pyrosequencing assays in a cohort of 55 CRC patients with metastatic disease after the immunohistochemical characterization of SET and p-PP2A expression in this cohort. RESULTS We found high SETBP1 expression in several CRC lines but only in two of the patients analyzed. In addition, we demonstrated the formation of the SETBP1-SET-PP2A heterotrimeric complex in CRC cells. However, we failed to detect SETBP1 mutations in any of the CRC patient samples included in the study. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SETBP1 expression is mainly similar o lower in colorectal cancer tissue compared to normal colonic mucosa. However, its overexpression is a low prevalent alteration which could contribute to inhibit PP2A in CRC through the formation of a SETBP1-SET-PP2A complex in some CRC patients. Moreover, SETBP1 mutations are, if exist, rare events in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Torrejón
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto-Potín
- Pathology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Chamizo
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Santos
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Serna-Blasco
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melania Luque
- Pathology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Diaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Mazhar S, Taylor SE, Sangodkar J, Narla G. Targeting PP2A in cancer: Combination therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:51-63. [PMID: 30401535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A regulates a vast portion of the phosphoproteome including pathways involved in apoptosis, proliferation and DNA damage response and PP2A inactivation is a vital step in malignant transformation. Many groups have explored the therapeutic venue of combining PP2A reactivation with kinase inhibition to counteract the very changes in tumor suppressors and oncogenes that lead to cancer development. Conversely, inhibition of PP2A to complement chemotherapy and radiation-induced cancer cell death is also an area of active investigation. Here we review the studies that utilize PP2A targeted agents as combination therapy in cancer. A potential role for PP2A in tumor immunity is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazhar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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SET Overexpression is Associated with Worse Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090245. [PMID: 30154367 PMCID: PMC6162815 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the recurrence rate of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that tamoxifen can affect the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)/phosphorylation Akt (pAkt) signaling in ER-negative breast cancer cells. In addition to CIP2A, SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) oncoprotein is another intrinsic inhibitor of PP2A, participating in cancer progression. In the current study, we explored the clinical significance of SET, CIP2A, PP2A, and Akt in patients with ER-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. A total of 218 primary breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen with a median follow-up of 106 months were analyzed, of which 17 (7.8%) experienced recurrence or metastasis. In an immunohistochemical (IHC) stain, SET overexpression was independently associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio = 3.72, 95% confidence interval 1.26–10.94, p = 0.017). In silico analysis revealed mRNA expressions of SET, PPP2CA, and AKT1 significantly correlated with worse RFS. In vitro, SET overexpression reduced tamoxifen-induced antitumor effects and drove luciferase activity in an Estrogen receptor element (ERE)-dependent manner. In conclusion, SET is a prognostic biomarker in patients with primary ER-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen and may contribute to the failure of the tamoxifen treatment by modulating the ER signaling. Our study warrants further investigation into the potential role of SET in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Huang CY, Hung MH, Shih CT, Hsieh FS, Kuo CW, Tsai MH, Chang SS, Hsiao YJ, Chen LJ, Chao TI, Chen KF. Antagonizing SET Augments the Effects of Radiation Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Reactivation of PP2A-Mediated Akt Downregulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:410-421. [PMID: 29914877 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that SET functions as an oncoprotein and promotes cancer survival and therapeutic resistance. However, whether SET affects radiation therapy (RT)-mediated anticancer effects has not yet been explored. We investigated the impact of SET on RT sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using colony and hepatosphere formation assays, we found that RT-induced proliferative inhibition was critically associated with SET expression. We next tested a novel SET antagonist, N4-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-N2-(4-phenoxyphenyl) quinazoline-2,4-diamine (EMQA), in combination with RT. We showed that additive use of EMQA significantly enhanced the effects of RT against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, compared with mice receiving either RT or EMQA alone, the growth of PLC5 xenografted tumor in mice receiving RT plus EMQA was significantly reduced without compromising treatment tolerability. Furthermore, we proved that antagonizing SET to restore protein phosphatase 2A-mediated phospho-Akt (p-AKT) downregulation was responsible for the synergism between EMQA and RT. Our data demonstrate a new oncogenic property of SET and provide preclinical evidence that combining a SET antagonist and RT may be effective for treatment of HCC. Further investigation is warranted to validate the clinical relevance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Chi-Ting Shih
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Feng-Shu Hsieh
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Yung-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Tzu-I Chao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
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Hussain Z, Arooj M, Malik A, Hussain F, Safdar H, Khan S, Sohail M, Pandey M, Choudhury H, Ei Thu H. Nanomedicines as emerging platform for simultaneous delivery of cancer therapeutics: new developments in overcoming drug resistance and optimizing anticancer efficacy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1015-1024. [PMID: 29873531 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1478420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Development and formulation of an efficient and safe therapeutic regimen for cancer theranostics are dynamically challenging. The use of mono-therapeutic cancer regimen is generally restricted to optimal clinical applications, on account of drug resistance and cancer heterogeneity. Combinatorial treatments can employ multi-therapeutics for synergistic anticancer efficacy whilst reducing the potency of individual moieties and diminishing the incidence of associated adverse effects. The combo-delivery of nanotherapeutics can optimize anti-tumor efficacy while reversing the incidence of drug resistance, aiming to homogenize pharmacological profile of drugs, enhance circulatory time, permit targeted drug accumulation, achieve multi-target dynamic approach, optimize target-specific drug binding and ensure sustained drug release at the target site. Numerous nanomedicines/nanotherapeutics have been developed by having dynamic physicochemical, pharmaceutical and pharmacological implications. These innovative delivery approaches have displayed specialized treatment effects, alone or in combination with conventional anticancer approaches (photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy), while reversing drug resistance and potential off-target effects. The current review presents a comprehensive overview of nanocarrier aided multi-drug therapies alongside recent advancements, future prospects, and the pivotal requirements for interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Mahwish Arooj
- b University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- c Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Fahad Hussain
- c Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) , The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Hassan Safdar
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- e Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Lower Dir , KPK , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- f Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan
| | - Manisha Pandey
- g Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy , International Medical University-Bukit Jalil , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- g Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy , International Medical University-Bukit Jalil , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hnin Ei Thu
- h Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry , Lincoln University College , Petaling Jaya , Malaysia
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Downregulation of microRNA-199b predicts unfavorable prognosis and emerges as a novel therapeutic target which contributes to PP2A inhibition in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40169-40180. [PMID: 27517624 PMCID: PMC5522310 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor microRNA-199b (miR-199b) is a negative SET regulator associated with poor outcome in some human cancers. However, its expression levels as well as potential biological and clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain completely unexplored. The PP2A inhibitor SET has shown promising therapeutic and clinical implications in metastatic CRC (mCRC) but the molecular mechanisms underlying SET deregulation are currently unknown. We show here miR-199b downregulation in 4 out of 5 CRC SET-overexpressing cell lines and its inverse correlation with SET overexpression in CRC patients. Moreover, miR-199b led to PP2A activation through a direct SET inhibition, impaired cell viability and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity in CRC cells. MiR-199b was found downregulated in 25% of cases, and associated with lymph metastasis (p = 0.049), presence of synchronous metastasis at diagnosis (p = 0.026) and SET overexpression (p < 0.001). Furthermore, low miR-199b levels determined shorter overall (p < 0.001), progression-free survival (p = 0.003) and predicted clinical benefit to oxaliplatin treatment. The miR-199b prognostic impact was particularly evident in both younger and KRAS wild-type subgroups. Multivariate analyses confirmed its independent prognostic impact. Altogether, our results show that miR-199b is a tumor suppressor whose downregulation independently determines worse outcome and emerges as a potential contributing mechanism to inhibit PP2A via SET overexpression in a subgroup of mCRC patients.
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Bayarkhangai B, Noureldin S, Yu L, Zhao N, Gu Y, Xu H, Guo C. A comprehensive and perspective view of oncoprotein SET in cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3084-3094. [PMID: 29749127 PMCID: PMC6051184 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SET is a multifunctional oncoprotein which is ubiquitously expressed in all kinds of cells. The SET protein participates in many cellular processes including cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, transcription, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression and activity of SET correlate with cancer occurrence, metastasis, and prognosis. Therefore, the SET protein is regarded as a potential target for cancer therapy and several inhibitors are being developed for clinical use. Herein, we comprehensively review the physiological and pathological functions of SET as well as its structure-function relationship. Additionally, the regulatory mechanisms of SET at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buuvee Bayarkhangai
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suzan Noureldin
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liting Yu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Gu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changying Guo
- State Key of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang L, Li J, Lv X, Guo T, Li W, Zhang J. MID1-PP2A complex functions as new insights in human lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:855-864. [PMID: 29450633 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MID1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that was first found in Opitz G/BBB syndrome, but there has been little research into its role in lung diseases. We have found an accumulating evidence that indicates the MID1-PP2A complex plays a role in asthma and contributes to inflammation, but its roles in lung adenocarcinoma are unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the function of MID1-PP2A complex in human lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We used western blot, ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR to detect the protein and mRNA levels of MID1 and PP2A in A549, H1975, and H1650 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines compared with the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Additionally, we used IHC, ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR to dectect MID1 and PP2A levels in 30-paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues. We also detected apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle-related protein expression after silencing MID1 and activing PP2A. RESULTS Our data show that MID1 was significantly upregulated in 30-paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and in A549, H1975 and H1650 cell lines compared with BEAS-2B. PP2A showed the opposite results. Furthermore, both upregulated MID1 and downregulated PP2A were correlated with age, but not sex, TNM stage or smoking history. In vitro experiments showed that PP2A was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that were transfected with MID1-siRNA, suggesting MID1 negatively regulates PP2A in lung adenocarcinoma. We also found that silencing MID1 expression or activating PP2A induced apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the MID1-PP2A complex plays an important role in lung adenocarcinoma, influencing cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. Our findings showed a novel molecular mechanism of lung tumorigenesis that may provide new insights for anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Richard NP, Pippa R, Cleary MM, Puri A, Tibbitts D, Mahmood S, Christensen DJ, Jeng S, McWeeney S, Look AT, Chang BH, Tyner JW, Vitek MP, Odero MD, Sears R, Agarwal A. Combined targeting of SET and tyrosine kinases provides an effective therapeutic approach in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84214-84227. [PMID: 27705940 PMCID: PMC5356656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) tumor suppressor activity via the SET oncoprotein contributes to the pathogenesis of various cancers. Here we demonstrate that both SET and c-MYC expression are frequently elevated in T-ALL cell lines and primary samples compared to healthy T cells. Treatment of T-ALL cells with the SET antagonist OP449 restored the activity of PP2A and reduced SET interaction with the PP2A catalytic subunit, resulting in a decrease in cell viability and c-MYC expression in a dose-dependent manner. Since a tight balance between phosphatases and kinases is required for the growth of both normal and malignant cells, we sought to identify a kinase inhibitor that would synergize with SET antagonism. We tested various T-ALL cell lines against a small-molecule inhibitor screen of 66 compounds targeting two-thirds of the tyrosine kinome and found that combined treatment of T-ALL cells with dovitinib, an orally active multi-targeted small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and OP449 synergistically reduced the viability of all tested T-ALL cell lines. Mechanistically, combined treatment with OP449 and dovitinib decreased total and phospho c-MYC levels and reduced ERK1/2, AKT, and p70S6 kinase activity in both NOTCH-dependent and independent T-ALL cell lines. Overall, these results suggest that combined targeting of tyrosine kinases and activation of serine/threonine phosphatases may offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameeta P Richard
- Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Portland, OR 97227, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raffaella Pippa
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Megan M Cleary
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alka Puri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deanne Tibbitts
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shawn Mahmood
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dale J Christensen
- Research and Development, Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC 27710, USA .,Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - A Thomas Look
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bill H Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Research and Development, Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC 27710, USA
| | - María D Odero
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosalie Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA-97239.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA-97239
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA-97239.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA-97239.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA-97239
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Kauko O, Westermarck J. Non-genomic mechanisms of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulation in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:157-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Enjoji S, Yabe R, Tsuji S, Yoshimura K, Kawasaki H, Sakurai M, Sakai Y, Takenouchi H, Yoshino S, Hazama S, Nagano H, Oshima H, Oshima M, Vitek MP, Matsuura T, Hippo Y, Usui T, Ohama T, Sato K. Stemness Is Enhanced in Gastric Cancer by a SET/PP2A/E2F1 Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:554-563. [PMID: 29330298 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemotherapies against gastric cancer often fail, with cancer recurrence due potentially to the persistence of cancer stem cells. This unique subpopulation of cells in tumors possesses the ability to self-renew and dedifferentiate. These cancer stem cells are critical for initiation, maintenance, metastasis, and relapse of cancers; however, the molecular mechanisms supporting cancer stemness remain largely unknown. Increased kinase and decreased phosphatase activity are hallmarks of oncogenic signaling. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) functions as a tumor-suppressor enzyme, and elevated levels of SET/I2PP2A, an endogenous PP2A protein inhibitor, are correlated with poor prognosis of several human cancers. Here, it was determined that SET expression was elevated in tumor tissue in a gastric cancer mouse model system, and SET expression was positively correlated with poor survival of human gastric cancer patients. Mechanistically, SET knockdown decreased E2F1 levels and suppressed the stemness of cancer cell lines. Immunoprecipitations show SET associated with the PP2A-B56 complex, and the B56 subunit interacted with the E2F1 transcription factor. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with the SET-targeting drug OP449 increased PP2A activity, decreased E2F1 protein levels, and suppressed stemness of cancer cells. These data indicate that a SET/PP2A/E2F1 axis regulates cancer cell stemness and is a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.Implications: This study highlights the oncogenic role of SET/I2PP2A in gastric cancer and suggests that SET maintains cancer cell stemness by suppressing PP2A activity and stabilizing E2F1. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 554-63. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Enjoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Yabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takenouchi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Tetsuya Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Therapeutic targeting of PP2A. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:182-193. [PMID: 29107183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes. Given the central role of PP2A in regulating diverse biological functions and its dysregulation in many diseases, including cancer, PP2A directed therapeutics have become of great interest. The main approaches leveraged thus far can be categorized as follows: 1) inhibiting endogenous inhibitors of PP2A, 2) targeted disruption of post translational modifications on PP2A subunits, or 3) direct targeting of PP2A. Additional insight into the structural, molecular, and biological framework driving the efficacy of these therapeutic strategies will provide a foundation for the refinement and development of novel and clinically tractable PP2A targeted therapies.
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Kake S, Tsuji S, Enjoji S, Hanasaki S, Hayase H, Yabe R, Tanaka Y, Nakagawa T, Liu HP, Chang SC, Usui T, Ohama T, Sato K. The role of SET/I2PP2A in canine mammary tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4279. [PMID: 28655918 PMCID: PMC5487328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumor is the most common neoplasm in female dogs, and it has generated considerable attention as a translational model for human breast cancer. Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical role as a tumor suppressor, and SET/I2PP2A, the endogenous inhibitory protein of PP2A, binds directly to PP2A and suppresses its phosphatase activity. Here, we investigated the role of SET in the tumorigenic growth in canine mammary tumor as well as in the sensitivity of tumors to existing therapeutics. Elevated protein levels of SET were observed in advanced-stage of canine mammary tumor tissues of dogs compared with paired normal tissues. Knockdown of SET expression in a canine mammary tumor cell line CIP-m led to increased PP2A activity and decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and in vivo tumor growth. We observed suppression of mTOR, β-catenin, and NFκB signaling by SET knockdown. The sensitivity of CIP-m cells to doxorubicin was decreased by SET knockdown, while SET knockdown in CIP-m cells did not affect sensitivity to 4-OH-tamoxifen, carboplatin, bortezomib, and X-ray radiation. These data suggest that SET plays important roles in the tumor progression of a subset of canine mammary tumor by suppressing PP2A activity and enhancing mTOR, β-catenin, and NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Comparative Animal Science, College of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Enjoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hanasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Yabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuiko Tanaka
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and the Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and the Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Hung MH, Chen KF. Reprogramming the oncogenic response: SET protein as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:685-694. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1336226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang Q, Qin S, Yuan X, Zhang L, Ji J, Liu X, Ma W, Zhang Y, Liu P, Sun Z, Zhang J, Liu Y. Arctigenin inhibits triple-negative breast cancers by targeting CIP2A to reactivate protein phosphatase 2A. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:598-606. [PMID: 28560452 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that a novel STAT3 inhibitor arctigenin (Atn) induces significant cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. This study further delineated molecular mechanisms where by Atn triggered cytotoxicity in TNBC cells. We found Atn can also inhibit metastasis in TNBC cells through cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) pathway. CIP2A is an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which can increase the migration and invasion of various cancer cells. PP2A is a tumor suppressor, which is functionally defective in various cancers. Atn-induced metastasis inhibition was associated with reactivation of PP2A, downregulation of CIP2A and Akt phosphorylation. Silencing CIP2A enhanced Atn-induced metastasis inhibition and apoptosis in TNBCs. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CIP2A or inhibition of PP2A in TNBC cells abolished the effects of Atn. In conclusion, we found that enhancement of PP2A activity by inhibition of CIP2A, at least in part, promotes the anti-metastasis effect induced by Atn. Our findings disclose the novel therapeutic mechanism of this targeted agent, and suggest the therapeutic potential and feasibility of developing PP2A enhancers as a novel anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Juanli Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiting Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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