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Osipov DV, Demidov MR, Artemenko AA, Rashchepkina DA, Krasnikov PE, Osyanin VA. Cascade Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinolines and Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines via Formal [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Push-Pull Nitro Heterocycles with Carbonyl-Stabilized Quinolinium/Isoquinolinium Ylides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9816-9829. [PMID: 38917339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Various substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines and pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines were synthesized in good to high yields by the Et3N-mediated reaction of push-pull 3-nitrobenzofurans or 1-Ts-/1-Ms-3-nitroindoles and precursors of carbonyl-stabilized quinolinium and isoquinolinium ylides as 1,3-dipole equivalents. These transformations proceed in a one-pot manner starting with the formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition stage, which is accompanied by double dearomatization of both quinoline/isoquinoline and benzofuran/indole moieties, followed by ring-opening of cyclic intermediate formed and nitrous acid elimination sequence. [3 + 2]-Cycloadducts were isolated as the final products in cases of impossibility or difficulty of their enolization. The present protocol was successfully extended to 3-nitro-4H-chromene derivatives as push-pull dipolarophile component. Finally, using the method of competing reactions, the reactivity of the starting compounds was compared with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Osipov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim R Demidov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Alina A Artemenko
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Daria A Rashchepkina
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel E Krasnikov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A Osyanin
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
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Daniel M, Sheppard N, Carlos G, Nelson N, Donneys A, Buchman SR. H Vessel Formation as a Marker for Enhanced Bone Healing in Irradiated Distraction Osteogenesis. Semin Plast Surg 2024; 38:31-38. [PMID: 38495069 PMCID: PMC10942839 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In the setting of bone defects, the injured vasculature and loss of hemodynamic inflow leads to hematoma formation and low oxygen tension which stimulates vascular expansion through the HIf-1α pathway. Most importantly, this pathway upregulates sprouting of type H vessels (CD31hiEmcnhi vessels). H vessels engage in direct interaction with perivascular osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs), osteoblasts, and preosteoclasts of bone formation and remodeling. This angiogenic-osteogenic coupling leads to synchronous propagation of vascular and bony tissue for regenerative healing. A growing body of literature demonstrates that H vessels constitute a large portion of bone's innate capacity for osteogenic healing. We believe that CD31hiEmcnhi vessels play a role in bone healing during distraction osteogenesis (DO). DO is a procedure that utilizes traction forces to facilitate induction of endogenous bone formation and regeneration of surrounding soft tissues such as skin, muscle, tendon, and neurovascular structures. While the H vessel response to mechanical injury is adequate to facilitate healing in normal healthy tissue, it remains inadequate to overcome the devastation of radiation. We posit that the destruction of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels plays a role in precluding DO's effectiveness in irradiated bone defect healing. We aim, therefore, to recapitulate the normal pathway of bony healing by utilizing the regenerative capacity of H vessels. We hypothesize that using localized application of deferoxamine (DFO) will enhance the H vessel-mediated vasculogenic response to radiation damage and ultimately enable osteogenic healing during DO. This discovery could potentially be exploited by developing translational therapeutics to hopefully accelerate bone formation and shorten the DO consolidation period, thereby potentially expanding DO's utilization in irradiated bone healing. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: DO, radiation with DO (xDO), and radiation with DO and DFO implantation (xDODFO). Experimental groups received 35 Gy of radiation. All groups underwent DO. The treatment group received injections into the osteotomy site, every other day, beginning on postoperative day (POD) 4 of DFO. Animals were sacrificed on POD 40. For immunohistochemical analysis, mandibles were dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 hours, decalcified in Cal-Ex II for 2 days, dehydrated through graded ethanol of increasing concentration, and then embedded in paraffin. Samples were cut into 7-μm thick longitudinally oriented sections including the metaphysis and diaphysis. CD31 and Emcn double immunofluorescent staining were performed to evaluate the extent of CD31hiEmcnhi vessel formation. Bone sections were then stained with conjugated antibodies overnight at 4°C. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Slides were also double stained with Osterix and CD31 to study the quantity of H vessel-mediated recruitment of OPCs to accelerate bone healing. Images were acquired with a Nikon Ti2 widefield microscope and analyzed in NIS- Elements Advanced Research 5.41.02 software. The abundance of type H vessels is represented by the area fraction of CD31 + Emcn+ vessel area inside the regenerate sample. OPC concomitant proliferation into the distraction gap is represented by the area fraction of Osterix+ cell area inside of the regenerate sample. There were 6× more type H vessels in DO groups than in xDO groups. Localized DFO significantly increased the abundance of type H vessels of irradiated DO animals compared to xDO by 15× ( p = 0.00133531). Moreover, the DO and xDODFO groups with higher abundance of type H vessels also demonstrated better angiogenesis and osteogenesis outcomes. Interestingly, xDODFO groups doubled the quantity of H vessel formation compared to DO, indicating a supraphysiologic response ( p = 0.044655055). Furthermore, H vessel-mediated recruitment of OPCs mimicked the described H vessel formation trend in our study groups. Irradiated DO groups contained 3× less OPCs compared to DO controls. DFO treatment to xDO animals remediated irradiation damage by containing 12× Osterix+ cells. Finally, DFO treatment of irradiated animals quadrupled osteoprogenitor recruitment into the distraction gap compared to DO controls. In this study, we developed a novel approach to visualize CD31hiEmcnhi in paraffin sections to study DO regeneration. Normal DO demonstrated a significant upregulation of H vessel formation and associated angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. Radiation severely decreased H vessel formation along with an associated significant diminution of new bone formation and nonunion. DFO administration, however, resulted in vascular replenishment and the restoration of high quantities of CD31hiEmcnhi and OPCs, recapitulating the normal process of bony regeneration and repair. DFO treatment remediated new bone formation and bony union in irradiated fields associated with increased H vessel angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. While further studies are required to optimize this approach, the results of this study are incredibly promising for the long-awaited translation of localized DFO into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Daniel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nathan Sheppard
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Garrison Carlos
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Noah Nelson
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex Donneys
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven R. Buchman
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Liu X, Zhang P, Gu Y, Guo Q, Liu Y. Type H vessels: functions in bone development and diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236545. [PMID: 38033859 PMCID: PMC10687371 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type H vessels are specialized blood vessels found in the bone marrow that are closely associated with osteogenic activity. They are characterized by high expression of endomucin and CD31. Type H vessels form in the cancellous bone area during long bone development to provide adequate nutritional support for cells near the growth plate. They also influence the proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts in a paracrine manner, thereby creating a suitable microenvironment to facilitate new bone formation. Because of the close relationship between type H vessels and osteogenic activity, it has been found that type H vessels play a role in the physiological and pathological processes of bone diseases such as fracture healing, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and tumor bone metastasis. Moreover, experimental treatments targeting type H vessels can improve the outcomes of these diseases. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms related to type H vessels and their associated osteogenic activities, which are helpful in further understanding the role of type H vessels in bone metabolism and will provide a theoretical basis and ideas for comprehending bone diseases from the vascular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonggan Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Ding P, Lin Z, Sun Z, Jin M, Li C, Zhao Z, Bi H. The SHH-GLI1 pathway is required in skin expansion and angiogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37190906 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of GLI1 on skin proliferation and neovascularization during skin expansion in mice. We constructed GLI1-cre/R26-Tdtomato and GLI1-cre/R26-mtmg gene-tagged skin expansion mouse models. Using a two-photon in vivo imaging instrument to observe the changes in the number and distribution of GLI1(+) cells during the expansion process and to clarify the spatial relationship between GLI1(+) cells and blood vessels during the expansion process. In vitro proliferation assays were performed to further validate the effects of SHH (sonic hedgehog) and its downstream component GLI1 on cell proliferation viability. Finally, qRT-PCR was used to verify the changes in proliferation, angiogenesis-related factors, SHH signalling pathway-related factors, and the role of GLI1 cells in the process of skin expansion in mice. The number of GLI1(+) cells increased during dilation and were attached to the outer membrane of the vessel. The epidermis was thickened and the dermis thinned after the dilated skin was taken, while the epidermal thickening was suppressed and the dermis became thinner after the GLI1 cells were inhibited. The non-inhibited group showed a significant increase in PCNA positivity with prolonged dilation compared to the GANT61(GLI specificity inhibitor) inhibited group; CD31 immunofluorescence showed a significant increase in the number of dilated skin vessels and a significant decrease in the number of vessels after treatment with GANT61 inhibitor. In vitro proliferation results showed that SHH signalling activator significantly increased the proliferation viability of GLI1(+) hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells, while GNAT61 significantly inhibited the proliferation viability of GLI1(+) hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. GLI1 is necessary for proliferation and neovascularization in expansion skin of mice through activation of the SHH signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbing Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixuan Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsen Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Jiao Z, Pan Y, Chen F. The Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:349-369. [PMID: 36991275 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor globally as of 2020 and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among female individuals worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is well recognized as a hallmark of malignancy owing to the rewiring of multiple biological processes, notably, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, as well as lipid metabolism, which support the demands for the relentless growth of tumor cells and allows distant metastasis of cancer cells. Breast cancer cells are well documented to reprogram their metabolism via mutations or inactivation of intrinsic factors such as c-Myc, TP53, hypoxia-inducible factor, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway or crosstalk with the surrounding tumor microenvironments, including hypoxia, extracellular acidification and interaction with immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and adipocytes. Furthermore, altered metabolism contributes to acquired or inherent therapeutic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the metabolic plasticity underlying breast cancer progression as well as to dictate metabolic reprogramming that accounts for the resistance to standard of care. This review aims to illustrate the altered metabolism in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, as well as metabolic interventions in breast cancer treatment, with the intention to provide strategies for developing novel therapeutic treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Jiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.
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Hu Y, Li H. Deferoxamine mesylate enhances mandibular advancement-induced condylar osteogenesis by promoting H-type angiogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:234-242. [PMID: 36588468 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of functional orthopaedic treatment for mandibular deficiency relies on mandibular advancement (MA)-induced condylar new bone formation. However, this is not easy to achieve, especially in non-growing patients. Therefore, how to obtain reliable MA-induced condylar osteogenesis is a subject much worthy of study. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether deferoxamine mesylate (DFM) enhances MA-induced condylar osteogenesis in middle-aged mice. METHODS Forty 30-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control (Ctrl), DFM, MA + Ctrl and MA + DFM groups. After a 4-week experimental period, femurs, tibias and condyles were collected for morphological, micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation. RESULTS For long bones, DFM reversed osteoporosis in middle-aged mice by promoting H-type angiogenesis. For mandibular condyles, MA promoted condylar osteogenesis in middle-aged mice, thereby allowing the mandible to achieve a stable protruding position. In addition, DFM enhanced the volume and quality of MA-induced condylar new bone formation. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that DFM enhanced MA-induced condylar subchondral ossification. Mechanistically, it was confirmed that DFM increased the number of H-type vessels and their coupled Osterix+ osteoprogenitors by upregulating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α signalling pathway, thereby enhancing MA-induced condylar osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Applying DFM to enhance MA-induced condylar osteogenesis through H-type angiogenesis is expected to be an effective strategy to achieve favourable functional orthopaedic treatment effectiveness in non-growing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hegang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Luo S, Jiang Y, Anfu Zheng, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Chen M, Li W, Li X, Gu L, Sun Y, Xiao Z, Shen J. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors for breast cancer therapy: A narrative review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064661. [PMID: 36532768 PMCID: PMC9751339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), central regulators for cells to adapt to low cellular oxygen levels, are often overexpressed and activated in breast cancer. HIFs modulate the primary transcriptional response of downstream pathways and target genes in response to hypoxia, including glycolysis, angiogenesis and metastasis. They can promote the development of breast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients by regulating cancer processes closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Thus, specific targeting of HIFs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the advances in HIF-related molecular mechanisms and clinical and preclinical studies of drugs targeting HIFs in breast cancer. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for HIF targeting are increasingly being developed. Therefore, we highlight the HIF related DDS, including liposomes, polymers, metal-based or carbon-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangyou, Mianyang, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Wusheng, Guang’an, China
| | - Anfu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
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Targeting HIF-1α by Natural and Synthetic Compounds: A Promising Approach for Anti-Cancer Therapeutics Development. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165192. [PMID: 36014432 PMCID: PMC9413992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in novel target detection using improved molecular cancer biology has opened up new avenues for promising anti-cancer drug development. In the past two decades, the mechanism of tumor hypoxia has become more understandable with the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). It is a major transcriptional regulator that coordinates the activity of various transcription factors and their downstream molecules involved in tumorigenesis. HIF-1α not only plays a crucial role in the adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia but also regulates different biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, cellular metabolism, angiogenesis, metastasis, cancer stem cell maintenance, and propagation. Therefore, HIF-1α overexpression is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with different solid cancers. Hence, pharmacological targeting of HIF-1α has been considered to be a novel cancer therapeutic strategy in recent years. In this review, we provide brief descriptions of natural and synthetic compounds as HIF-1α inhibitors that have the potential to accelerate anticancer drug discovery. This review also introduces the mode of action of these compounds for a better understanding of the chemical leads, which could be useful as cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Owen-Woods C, Kusumbe A. Fundamentals of bone vasculature: Specialization, interactions and functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:36-47. [PMID: 34281770 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, hematopoiesis and osteogenesis are fundamental processes mediating complex and essential biological functions. In the bone marrow, endothelial cells (ECs) are a principal mediator of regulatory signals that govern hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. EC and osteoblast interactions and niche functions of ECs are fundamental in maintaining bone health and coordinating repair and regeneration following injury. These cellular interactions are subject to dysregulation and deterioration under stress, aging, chronic disease states and malignancy. Thus, the prospect of manipulating the bone vasculature has tremendous potential to advance therapeutic interventions for the management of bone diseases. This review discusses the current state of vascular-skeletal tissue interactions focusing on osteoblast and hematopoietic stem cells interaction with ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Owen-Woods
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anjali Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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10
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de Keijzer MJ, de Klerk DJ, de Haan LR, van Kooten RT, Franchi LP, Dias LM, Kleijn TG, van Doorn DJ, Heger M. Inhibition of the HIF-1 Survival Pathway as a Strategy to Augment Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:285-403. [PMID: 35505024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-to-minimally invasive treatment modality that utilizes photoactivatable drugs called photosensitizers to disrupt tumors with locally photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photosensitizer activation by light results in hyperoxidative stress and subsequent tumor cell death, vascular shutdown and hypoxia, and an antitumor immune response. However, sublethally afflicted tumor cells initiate several survival mechanisms that account for decreased PDT efficacy. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway is one of the most effective cell survival pathways that contributes to cell recovery from PDT-induced damage. Several hundred target genes of the HIF-1 heterodimeric complex collectively mediate processes that are involved in tumor cell survival directly and indirectly (e.g., vascularization, glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis). The broad spectrum of biological ramifications culminating from the activation of HIF-1 target genes reflects the importance of HIF-1 in the context of therapeutic recalcitrance. This chapter elaborates on the involvement of HIF-1 in cancer biology, the hypoxic response mechanisms, and the role of HIF-1 in PDT. An overview of inhibitors that either directly or indirectly impede HIF-1-mediated survival signaling is provided. The inhibitors may be used as pharmacological adjuvants in combination with PDT to augment therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert T van Kooten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, epartment of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick J van Doorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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马 金, 任 岩, 王 佰, 孙 伟, 岳 德, 王 卫. [Progress of developmental mechanism of subtype H vessels in osteonecrosis of the femoral head]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:1486-1491. [PMID: 34779178 PMCID: PMC8586765 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the research progress of subtype H vessels in the occurrence and development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS The relevant domestic and foreign literature was extensively reviewed. The histological features, biological mechanism of subtype H vessels involved in promoting of osteogenesis, and the role and application of the subtype H vessels in ONFH were summarized. RESULTS The subtype H vessel is a newly discovered bone vessel, mainly distributed in metaphysis and subperiosteum, highly expressing endomucin and CD31. The subtype H vessel has a dense arrangement of Runx2 + early osteoprogenitors, collagen type Ⅰα + osteoblast cells, and Osterix + osteoprogenitors that have the ability to induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Factors such as platelet-derived growth factor BB, slit guidance ligand 3, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, Notch signaling pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor are involved in the mechanism of subtype H vessels in promoting osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Subtype H vessels play an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone tissue repair and reconstruction. The discovery of subtype H vessels provides new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling. In the future, new techniques targeting the regulation of subtype H blood vessels may become a promising method for the treatment of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金辉 马
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - 岩松 任
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - 佰亮 王
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - 伟 孙
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - 德波 岳
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - 卫国 王
- 中日友好医院骨科(北京 100029)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
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12
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Stucker S, Chen J, Watt FE, Kusumbe AP. Bone Angiogenesis and Vascular Niche Remodeling in Stress, Aging, and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602269. [PMID: 33324652 PMCID: PMC7726257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) vascular niche microenvironments harbor stem and progenitor cells of various lineages. Bone angiogenesis is distinct and involves tissue-specific signals. The nurturing vascular niches in the BM are complex and heterogenous consisting of distinct vascular and perivascular cell types that provide crucial signals for the maintenance of stem and progenitor cells. Growing evidence suggests that the BM niche is highly sensitive to stress. Aging, inflammation and other stress factors induce changes in BM niche cells and their crosstalk with tissue cells leading to perturbed hematopoiesis, bone angiogenesis and bone formation. Defining vascular niche remodeling under stress conditions will improve our understanding of the BM vascular niche and its role in homeostasis and disease. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of the BM vascular niches for hematopoietic stem cells and their malfunction during aging, bone loss diseases, arthritis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Stucker
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fiona E. Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Abstract
The oxygen levels organ and tissue microenvironments vary depending on the distance of their vasculature from the left ventricle of the heart. For instance, the oxygen levels of lymph nodes and the spleen are significantly lower than that in atmospheric air. Cellular detection of oxygen and their response to low oxygen levels can exert a significant impact on virus infection. Generally, viruses that naturally infect well-oxygenated organs are less able to infect cells under hypoxic conditions. Conversely, viruses that infect organs under lower oxygen tensions thrive under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that in vitro experiments performed exclusively under atmospheric conditions ignores oxygen-induced modifications in both host and viral responses. Here, we review the mechanisms of how cells adapt to low oxygen tensions and its impact on viral infections. With growing evidence supporting the role of oxygen microenvironments in viral infections, this review highlights the importance of factoring oxygen concentrations into in vitro assay conditions. Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo oxygen tensions would allow for more physiologically representative insights into viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Shuyi Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Peng Y, Wu S, Li Y, Crane JL. Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling. Theranostics 2020; 10:426-436. [PMID: 31903130 PMCID: PMC6929606 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian skeletal system, osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately linked during bone growth and regeneration in bone modeling and during bone homeostasis in bone remodeling. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for coupling angiogenesis and bone formation. Type H vessels, termed such because of high expression of Endomucin (Emcn) and CD31, have recently been identified and have the ability to induce bone formation. Factors including platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB), slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), Notch, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of signaling pathways that regulate type H vessels and how type H vessels modulate osteogenesis. Further studies dissecting the regulation and function of type H vessels will provide new insights into the role of bone vasculature in the metabolism of the skeleton. We also discuss considerations for therapeutic approaches targeting type H vessels to promote fracture healing, prevent pathological bone loss, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41000, China
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Dada R, Sulthan M, Yaragorla S. Calcium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Tandem [4+2] and [3+2] Annulation Reaction for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[1,2- a]quinolines. Org Lett 2019; 22:279-283. [PMID: 31854991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-catalyzed highly facile one-pot, A4 annulation of aldehyde, amine, alkene, and alkyne to form fused 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines with exclusive syn diastereoselectivity is reported. This selectivity arises from an inverse electron demand [4+2] aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and the adduct further undergoes a formal [3+2] cyclization with activated alkynes. This diversity-oriented protocol is highly general and furnishes the dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives with a broad substrate scope in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikrishna Dada
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Mahesh Sulthan
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046 , India
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17
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Choi A, Morley RM, Coldham I. Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinolines by formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of quinolinium salts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1480-1484. [PMID: 31354865 PMCID: PMC6633155 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinium salts, Q+-CH2-CO2Me Br- and Q+-CH2-CONMe2 Br- (where Q = quinoline), were prepared from quinolines. Deprotonation of these salts with triethylamine promoted the reaction of the resulting quinolinium ylides (formally azomethine ylides) with electron-poor alkenes by conjugate addition followed by cyclization or by [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition. The pyrroloquinoline products were formed as single regio- and stereoisomers. These could be converted to other derivatives by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, reduction or oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Rebecca M Morley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
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18
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The Adenosine A 2B Receptor Drives Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption in Hypoxic Microenvironments. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060624. [PMID: 31234425 PMCID: PMC6628620 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast-mediated bone destruction is amplified in the hypoxic synovial microenvironment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This increased bone resorption is driven by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF. We identified hypoxic induction of the HIF-regulated adenosine A2B receptor in primary human osteoclasts (mRNA, 3.8-fold increase, p < 0.01) and sought to identify the role(s) of purinergic signaling via this receptor in the bone resorption process. Primary human osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+ monocytes and exposed to hypoxia (2% O2) and A2B receptor inhibitors (MRS1754, PSB603). The hypoxic increase in bone resorption was prevented by the inhibition of the A2B receptor, at least partly by the attenuation of glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism via inhibition of HIF. A2B receptor inhibition also reduced osteoclastogenesis in hypoxia by inhibiting early cell fusion (day 3–4, p < 0.05). The A2B receptor is only functional in hypoxic or inflammatory environments when the extracellular concentrations of adenosine (1.6-fold increase, p < 0.05) are sufficient to activate the receptor. Inhibition of the A2B receptor under normoxic conditions therefore did not affect any parameter tested. Reciprocal positive regulation of HIF and the A2B receptor in a hypoxic microenvironment thus enhances glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism in osteoclasts to drive increased bone resorption. A2B receptor inhibition could potentially prevent the pathological osteolysis associated with hypoxic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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19
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Li Z, You Q, Zhang X. Small-Molecule Modulators of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Pathway: Development and Therapeutic Applications. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5725-5749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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20
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Shahruzaman SH, Fakurazi S, Maniam S. Targeting energy metabolism to eliminate cancer cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2325-2335. [PMID: 30104901 PMCID: PMC6074761 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive metabolic responses toward a low oxygen environment are essential to maintain rapid proliferation and are relevant for tumorigenesis. Reprogramming of core metabolism in tumors confers a selective growth advantage such as the ability to evade apoptosis and/or enhance cell proliferation and promotes tumor growth and progression. One of the mechanisms that contributes to tumor growth is the impairment of cancer cell metabolism. In this review, we outline the small-molecule inhibitors identified over the past decade in targeting cancer cell metabolism and the usage of some of these molecules in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazwin Hani Shahruzaman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,
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21
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Yang M, Li CJ, Sun X, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Su T, Tu ML, Peng H, Lu Q, Liu Q, He HB, Jiang TJ, Lei MX, Wan M, Cao X, Luo XH. MiR-497∼195 cluster regulates angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis by maintaining endothelial Notch and HIF-1α activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16003. [PMID: 28685750 PMCID: PMC5504303 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific bone vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi), is identified as coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The abundance of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels decrease during ageing. Here we show that expression of the miR-497∼195 cluster is high in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium but gradually decreases during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-497∼195 in endothelial cells show fewer CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and lower bone mass. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of miR-497∼195 in murine endothelium alleviates age-related reduction of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and bone loss. miR-497∼195 cluster maintains the endothelial Notch activity and HIF-1α stability via targeting F-box and WD-40 domain protein (Fbxw7) and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase possessing a transmembrane domain (P4HTM) respectively. Notably, endothelialium-specific activation of miR-195 by intravenous injection of aptamer-agomiR-195 stimulates CD31hiEmcnhi vessel and bone formation in aged mice. Together, our study indicates that miR-497∼195 regulates angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis. H-type endothelium, defined by the high expression of CD31 and endomucin, is found in the bone where it promotes angiogenesis and osteogensis. Here Yang et al. show that the miR-497∼195 cluster regulates the generation and maintenance of the H-type endothelium by controlling the levels of Notch regulator Fbxw7 and the HIF regulator P4HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Man-Li Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tie-Jian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Min-Xiang Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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22
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Carnero A, Lleonart M. The hypoxic microenvironment: A determinant of cancer stem cell evolution. Bioessays 2016; 38 Suppl 1:S65-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- Oncohematology and Genetic Department, Molecular Biology of Cancer Group; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla); Seville Spain
| | - Matilde Lleonart
- Pathology Department, Oncology and Pathology Group; Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
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23
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Dal'Bó Pelegrini M, Pereira JB, Dos Santos Costa S, Salazar Terreros MJ, Degrossoli A, Giorgio S. Evaluation of hypoxia inducible factor targeting pharmacological drugs as antileishmanial agents. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:652-7. [PMID: 27393092 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) targeting pharmacological drugs, echinomycin, resveratrol and CdCl2 which inhibit HIF-1α stimulation, and mimosine, which enhances the stability of HIF-1α present antileishmanial properties. METHODS The leishmanicidal effect of drugs was evaluated in mouse macrophages and Balb/c mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniosis. RESULTS Resveratrol and CdCl2 reduced the parasite load [IC50, (27.3 ± 2.25) μM and (24.8 ± 0.95) μM, respectively]. The IC50 value of echinomycin was (22.7 ± 7.36) nM and mimosine did not alter the parasite load in primary macrophages. The macrophage viability IC50 values for resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 and mimosine were >40 μM, >100 nM, >200 μM and>2000 μM, respectively. In vivo no differences between cutaneous lesions from control, resveratrol- and echinomycin-treated Balb/c mice were detected. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 reduce parasite survival in vitro. The HIF-1α targeting pharmacological drugs require further study to more fully determine their anti-Leishmania potential and their role in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dal'Bó Pelegrini
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Biar Pereira
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Degrossoli
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Zbytek B, Peacock DL, Seagroves TN, Slominski A. Putative role of HIF transcriptional activity in melanocytes and melanoma biology. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 5:239-51. [PMID: 24194964 PMCID: PMC3772912 DOI: 10.4161/derm.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a highly oxygen sensitive bHLH protein that is part of the heterodimeric HIF-1 transcription factor. Under hypoxic stress, HIF-1 activity is induced to control expression of multiple downstream target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The normal epidermis exists in a constant mild hypoxic microenvironment and constitutively expresses HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Expression of HIF-1α and/or HIF-2α has been suggested to correlate with the increased malignant potential of melanocytes, therefore, failures of melanoma therapies may be partially linked to high HIF activity. Notably, melanomas that have the V600E BRAF mutation exhibit increased HIF-1α expression. We have utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify putative hypoxia response elements (HREs) in a set of genes known to participate in the process of melanogenesis (includingTRPM1, SLC45A2, HRAS, C-KIT, PMEL and CRH). While some of the mechanistic links between these genes and the HIF pathway have been previously explored, others await further investigation. Although agents targeting HIF activity have been proposed as novel treatment modalities for melanoma, there are currently no clinical trials in progress to test their efficacy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Zbytek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Center for Adult Cancer Research; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis, TN USA
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Unwith S, Zhao H, Hennah L, Ma D. The potential role of HIF on tumour progression and dissemination. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2491-503. [PMID: 24729302 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, primarily owing to failure to cure metastatic disease. The need to target the metastatic process to reduce mortality is clear and research over the past decade has shown hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) to be one of the promising targets. In order for metastatic disease to be established, multiple steps need to be taken whereby the tumour cells escape into the bloodstream and survive, disseminate and then establish at a premetastatic niche. HIF-1 mediates hypoxia-induced proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which promote extravasation and chemotaxis. The migration of tumour cells is mediated by loss of E-cadherin, which results in a more invasive phenotype; dissemination of the tumour cells by increased vascular permeability and survival in the bloodstream through resistance to apoptosis as well as adhesion at the premetastatic niche are all controlled by factors under the influence of HIF-1. The overexpression of HIF in many aggressive cancer types as well as its role in the establishment of metastatic disease and treatment resistance demonstrate its potential target in therapeutics. Taken together, the role of HIF-1 in cancer and metastatic disease is clear and the need for better treatment targeting metastases is paramount; more aggressive phenotypes with less response to treatment are associated with HIF-1 expression. Our research has shown promise but many questions still remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Unwith
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and, Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Kusumbe AP, Ramasamy SK, Adams RH. Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature 2014; 507:323-328. [PMID: 24646994 PMCID: PMC4943525 DOI: 10.1038/nature13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1282] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian skeletal system harbours a hierarchical system of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts sustaining lifelong bone formation. Osteogenesis is indispensable for the homeostatic renewal of bone as well as regenerative fracture healing, but these processes frequently decline in ageing organisms, leading to loss of bone mass and increased fracture incidence. Evidence indicates that the growth of blood vessels in bone and osteogenesis are coupled, but relatively little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here we identify a new capillary subtype in the murine skeletal system with distinct morphological, molecular and functional properties. These vessels are found in specific locations, mediate growth of the bone vasculature, generate distinct metabolic and molecular microenvironments, maintain perivascular osteoprogenitors and couple angiogenesis to osteogenesis. The abundance of these vessels and associated osteoprogenitors was strongly reduced in bone from aged animals, and pharmacological reversal of this decline allowed the restoration of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saravana K. Ramasamy
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhou R, Guo L, Peng C, He G, Ouyang L, Huang W. Diastereoselective three-component reactions of chiral nickel(II) glycinate for convenient synthesis of novel α-amino-β-substituted-γ,γ-disubstituted butyric acids. Molecules 2014; 19:826-45. [PMID: 24434695 PMCID: PMC6271210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The convenient, high yielding and diastereoselective synthesis of α-amino-β-substituted-γ,γ-disubstituted butyric acid derivatives was carried out by a three-component tandem reaction of a chiral equivalent of nucleophilic glycine. The reaction was performed smoothly under mild conditions and enabled the construction of two or three adjacent chiral centers in one step, thus affording a novel and convenient route to α-amino-β-substituted-γ,γ-disubstituted butyric acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Gallo-Ebert C, Donigan M, Stroke IL, Swanson RN, Manners MT, Francisco J, Toner G, Gallagher D, Huang CY, Gygax SE, Webb M, Nickels JT. Novel antifungal drug discovery based on targeting pathways regulating the fungus-conserved Upc2 transcription factor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:258-66. [PMID: 24145546 PMCID: PMC3910738 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01677-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by Candida albicans and related fungal pathogens pose a serious health problem for immunocompromised patients. Azole drugs, the most common agents used to combat infections, target the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Adaptation to azole therapy develops as drug-stressed cells compensate by upregulating several genes in the pathway, a process mediated in part by the Upc2 transcription factor. We have implemented a cell-based high-throughput screen to identify small-molecule inhibitors of Upc2-dependent induction of sterol gene expression in response to azole drug treatment. The assay is designed to identify not only Upc2 DNA binding inhibitors but also compounds impeding the activation of gene expression by Upc2. An AlphaScreen assay was developed to determine whether the compounds identified interact directly with Upc2 and inhibit DNA binding. Three compounds identified by the cell-based assay inhibited Upc2 protein level and UPC2-LacZ gene expression in response to a block in sterol biosynthesis. The compounds were growth inhibitory and attenuated antifungal-induced sterol gene expression in vivo. They did so by reducing the level of Upc2 protein and Upc2 DNA binding in the presence of drug. The mechanism by which the compounds restrict Upc2 DNA binding is not through a direct interaction, as demonstrated by a lack of DNA binding inhibitory activity using the AlphaScreen assay. Rather, they likely inhibit a novel pathway activating Upc2 in response to a block in sterol biosynthesis. We suggest that the compounds identified represent potential precursors for the synthesis of novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gallo-Ebert
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa Donigan
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ilana L. Stroke
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert N. Swanson
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa T. Manners
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jamie Francisco
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Geoffrey Toner
- Femeris, Women's Health Research Center, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Gallagher
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott E. Gygax
- Femeris, Women's Health Research Center, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maria Webb
- Venenum Biodesign, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph T. Nickels
- The Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
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Yang OC, Maxwell PH, Pollard PJ. Renal cell carcinoma: translational aspects of metabolism and therapeutic consequences. Kidney Int 2013; 84:667-81. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yang Y, Sun M, Wang L, Jiao B. HIFs, angiogenesis, and cancer. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:967-74. [PMID: 23225225 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia was first described in the 1950s by radiation oncologists as a frequent cause of failure to radiotherapy in solid tumors. Today, it is evident that tumor hypoxia is a common feature of many cancers and the master regulator of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), regulates multiple aspects of tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, differentiation, and response to radiation therapy. Although the tumor hypoxia response mechanism leads to a multitude of downstream effects, it is angiogenesis that is most crucial and also most susceptible to molecular manipulation. The delineation of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis has revealed a critical role for HIF-1 in the regulation of angiogenic growth factors. In this article, we review what has been described about HIF-1: its structure, its regulation, and its implication for cancer therapy and we focus on its role in angiogenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yang
- Student Teams Research Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Sarkar S, Bera K, Jalal S, Jana U. Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Polyfunctional Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines by Sequential Iron-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling and Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hu Y, Liu J, Huang H. Recent agents targeting HIF-1α for cancer therapy. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:498-509. [PMID: 22961911 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has led to an increasing understanding of the mechanism of tumor hypoxia in the past two decades. As a key transcriptional regulator, HIF-1 plays a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia by activating the transcription of targeting genes, which regulate several biological processes including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, survival, glucose metabolism and migration. The inhibitors of HIF-1 in cancer have provided us a new clue for the targeting cancer therapy. This review will introduce the general knowledge of the biology characteristic of HIF-1 and mechanism of O(2)-dependent regulation. Moreover, a number of chemical inhibitors plus protein and nucleic acid inhibitors are included and classified mainly based on their different mechanism of inhibiting action. We also prefer to discuss the advantages of protein and nucleic acid inhibitors compared with chemical inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Miranda E, Nordgren IK, Male AL, Lawrence CE, Hoakwie F, Cuda F, Court W, Fox KR, Townsend PA, Packham GK, Eccles SA, Tavassoli A. A cyclic peptide inhibitor of HIF-1 heterodimerization that inhibits hypoxia signaling in cancer cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10418-25. [PMID: 23796364 PMCID: PMC3715890 DOI: 10.1021/ja402993u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hypoxia
inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcription
factor that acts as the master regulator of cellular response to reduced
oxygen levels, thus playing a key role in the adaptation, survival,
and progression of tumors. Here we report cyclo-CLLFVY,
identified from a library of 3.2 million cyclic hexapeptides using
a genetically encoded high-throughput screening platform, as an inhibitor
of the HIF-1α/HIF-1β protein–protein interaction
in vitro and in cells. The identified compound inhibits HIF-1 dimerization
and transcription activity by binding to the PAS-B domain of HIF-1α,
reducing HIF-1-mediated hypoxia response signaling in a variety of
cell lines, without affecting the function of the closely related
HIF-2 isoform. The reported cyclic peptide demonstrates the utility
of our high-throughput screening platform for the identification of
protein–protein interaction inhibitors, and forms the starting
point for the development of HIF-1 targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Miranda
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Jones DT, Harris AL. Small-molecule inhibitors of the HIF pathway and synthetic lethal interactions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:463-80. [PMID: 22512262 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.674516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of the hypoxia response pathway is a feature of many tumours and is one of the key mechanisms associated with tumour growth, chemoresistance and radioresistance. The major component of the hypoxia response pathway is the heterodimeric transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is upregulated in many human cancers. Therefore, HIF is an attractive therapeutic target and several strategies have been developed to target it. AREAS COVERED Approaches used in targeting the hypoxia response pathway are discussed. Reviewed are agents that target upstream, directly and downstream of HIF, as well as some of the challenges in HIF-targeted therapy. EXPERT OPINION Many of the therapeutic agents that are in clinical use inhibit downstream HIF target genes, but ideally a molecule specific to HIF will have a more potent effect in inhibiting multiple HIF pathways. However, many anti-HIF molecules have multiple targets, which may increase non-specific cytotoxicity. In addition, many anti-HIF agents cannot discriminate between the different isoforms of HIF-α. So, it is important to assess whether targeting both HIF-1α and HIF-2α or each subunit selectively will provide better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Jones
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Growth Factor Group , Headington, Oxford , UK
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Rodríguez-Jiménez FJ, Moreno-Manzano V. Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) from an integrative pharmacological perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:519-34. [PMID: 21984597 PMCID: PMC11115032 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen homeostasis determines the activity and expression of a multitude of cellular proteins and the interplay of pathways that affect crucial cellular processes for development, physiology, and pathophysiology. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to changes in available oxygen in the cellular environment and drives cellular adaptation to such conditions. Selective gene expression under hypoxic conditions is the result of an exquisite regulation of HIF, from the pre-transcriptional stage of the HIF gene to the final transcriptional activity of HIF protein. We provide a dissected analysis of HIF modulation with special focus on hypoxic conditions and HIF pharmacological interventions that can guide the application of any future HIF-mediated therapy.
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Xia Y, Choi HK, Lee K. Recent advances in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:24-40. [PMID: 22305612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia has been recognized as a common feature of solid tumors and a negative prognostic factor for response to treatment and survival of cancer patients. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a molecular determinant of responses to hypoxia in mammalian cells, has renewed enthusiasm for discovery and development of targeted therapies exploiting the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. HIF-1 activity in tumors depends on availability of the HIF-1α subunit, the levels of which increase under hypoxic conditions and through activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Increased HIF-1 has been correlated with increased angiogenesis, aggressive tumor growth, and poor patient prognosis, leading to current interest in HIF-1 as promising anticancer drug target. In spite of an ever increasing number of putative small molecule inhibitors of HIF-1, only a few are progressing through preclinical and early clinical development. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in discovery and development of small molecule inhibitors that target the HIF-1 pathway as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including breast cancer. The master regulator of the hypoxic response is the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). It is becoming clear that HIF-1α expression alone is not a reliable marker of tumor response to hypoxia, and recent studies have focused on determining gene and microRNA (miRNA) signatures for this complex process. The results of these studies are likely to pave the way towards the development of a robust hypoxia signature for breast and other cancers that will be useful for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we outline the existing markers of hypoxia and recently identified gene and miRNA expression signatures, and discuss their potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We also highlight how the hypoxia response is being targeted in the development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Favaro
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Identification and functional validation of therapeutic targets for malignant melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 72:194-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The central component of hypoxia sensing in the cell is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional complex. HIF activity is deregulated in many human cancers, especially those that are highly hypoxic. Hypoxic tumour cells are usually resistant to radiotherapy and most conventional chemotherapeutic agents, rendering them highly aggressive and metastatic. Overexpression of HIF-alpha, the regulatory subunit of HIF, is associated with increased vascular density, severity of tumour grade, treatment failure and a poor prognostic outcome with conventional therapies. Therefore HIF is an attractive, although challenging, therapeutic target, and several different strategies have been developed to target HIF directly or indirectly in recent years. This review outlines the preclinical and clinical advances in this arena and discusses which cancers may benefit from HIF-targeted therapy.
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Nagle DG, Zhou YD. Marine Natural Products as Inhibitors of Hypoxic Signaling in Tumors. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2009; 8:415-429. [PMID: 20622986 PMCID: PMC2901131 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-009-9120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products have become a major source of new chemical entities in the discovery of potential anticancer agents that potently suppress various antitumor molecular targets. As a consequence of insufficient vascularization, hypoxic regions form within rapidly growing solid tumor masses. Specific alterations of gene expression in these hypoxic tumor cells help facilitate the survival and metastatic spread of solid tumors. The transcriptional response to cellular hypoxia is primarily mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) that regulates the expression of more than 100 genes involved in cellular adaptation and survival under hypoxic stress. Clinical studies in cancer patients indicate that HIF-1 activation is directly correlated with advanced disease stages and treatment resistance. HIF-1 has emerged as an important tumor-selective molecular target for anticancer drug discovery. As a result, natural product-based inhibitors of HIF-1 activation have been identified from plants and microorganisms. Recently, structurally unique natural products from marine sponges, crinoids, and algae have been identified as HIF-1 activation inhibitors. The US National Cancer Institute's Open Repository of marine invertebrate and algae extracts has proven to be a valuable source of natural product HIF-1 inhibitors. Among the active compounds identified, certain marine natural products have also been shown to suppress the hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Some of these marine HIF-1 inhibitors act by interfering with the generation of mitochondrial signaling molecules in hypoxic cells. However, the precise mechanisms of action for many newly identified marine natural product HIF-1 inhibitors remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale G. Nagle
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1-602-915-7026; Fax +1-602-915-6975;
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Liu Y, Veena CK, Morgan JB, Mohammed KA, Jekabsons MB, Nagle DG, Zhou YD. Methylalpinumisoflavone inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation by simultaneously targeting multiple pathways. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:5859-68. [PMID: 19091749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806744200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and the extent of tumor hypoxia correlates with advanced disease stages and treatment resistance. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) represents an important tumor-selective molecular target for anticancer drug discovery directed at tumor hypoxia. A natural product chemistry-based approach was employed to discover small molecule inhibitors of HIF-1. Bioassay-guided isolation of an active lipid extract of the tropical legumaceous plant Lonchocarpus glabrescens and structure elucidation afforded two new HIF-1 inhibitors: alpinumisoflavone (compound 1) and 4'-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (compound 2). In human breast tumor T47D cells, compounds 1 and 2 inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation with IC(50) values of 5 and 0.6 mum, respectively. At the concentrations that in hibited HIF-1 activation, compound 2 inhibited hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes (CDKN1A, GLUT-1, and VEGF), tumor angiogenesis in vitro, cell migration, and chemotaxis. Compound 2 inhibits HIF-1 activation by blocking the induction of nuclear HIF-1alpha protein, the oxygen-regulated subunit that controls HIF-1 activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that, unlike rotenone and other mitochondrial inhibitors, compound 2 represents the first small molecule that inhibits HIF-1 activation by simultaneously suppressing mitochondrial respiration and disrupting protein translation in vitro. This unique mechanism distinguishes compound 2 from other small molecule HIF-1 inhibitors that are simple mitochondrial inhibitors or flavanoid-based protein kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Kornek M, Lukacs-Kornek V, Limmer A, Raskopf E, Becker U, Klöckner M, Sauerbruch T, Schmitz V. 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)-formulated, immune-stimulatory vascular endothelial growth factor a small interfering RNA (siRNA) increases antitumoral efficacy in murine orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma with liver fibrosis. Mol Med 2008; 14:365-73. [PMID: 18392108 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00003.kornek] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most experimental therapy studies are performed in mice that bear subcutaneous or orthotopic hepatoma but are otherwise healthy and nonfibrotic. The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, develops in patients suffering from preexisting liver fibrosis. We investigated the efficacy of a standard experimental therapeutic approach to interrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) cascade via VEGF-A silencing, with or without 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP; cationic lipid) formulation, in HCC mice with preexisting liver fibrosis. The data show that intraperitoneal treatment with naked VEGF-A small interfering RNA (siRNA; 200 microg/kg) was inefficient to treat HCC implanted into fibrotic livers. VEGF-A siRNA containing an immunostimulatory motif in combination with DOTAP formulation significantly reduced hepatic VEGF-A expression and additionally activated the innate and adapted immune system as shown by an increased intrahepatic interferon type 1 response (68-fold increased beta-interferon expression). DOTAP-formulated VEGF-A siRNA markedly improved VEGF-A siRNA uptake and enhanced the antitumor response. This study shows for the first time the therapeutic feasibility of using synergistic effects (gene silencing and activation of the immune system) united in one siRNA sequence to reduce HCC growth and metastasis in mice with preexisting liver fibrosis. We expect that these results will help to direct and improve future experimental gene-silencing approaches and establish more efficient antitumoral therapies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
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Chan LL, Pineda M, Heeres JT, Hergenrother PJ, Cunningham BT. A general method for discovering inhibitors of protein-DNA interactions using photonic crystal biosensors. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:437-48. [PMID: 18582039 DOI: 10.1021/cb800057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein-DNA interactions are essential for fundamental cellular processes such as transcription, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. As such, small molecule disruptors of these interactions could be powerful tools for investigation of these biological processes, and such compounds would have great potential as therapeutics. Unfortunately, there are few methods available for the rapid identification of compounds that disrupt protein-DNA interactions. Here we show that photonic crystal (PC) technology can be utilized to detect protein-DNA interactions, and can be used in a high-throughput screening mode to identify compounds that prevent protein-DNA binding. The PC technology is used to detect binding between protein-DNA interactions that are DNA-sequence-dependent (the bacterial toxin-antitoxin system MazEF) and those that are DNA-sequence-independent (the human apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)). The PC technology was further utilized in a screen for inhibitors of the AIF-DNA interaction, and through this screen aurin tricarboxylic acid was identified as the first in vitro inhibitor of AIF. The generality and simplicity of the photonic crystal method should enable this technology to find broad utility for identification of compounds that inhibit protein-DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo L. Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
| | | | | | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Biochemistry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Knowles HJ, Athanasou NA. Hypoxia-inducible factor is expressed in giant cell tumour of bone and mediates paracrine effects of hypoxia on monocyte-osteoclast differentiation via induction of VEGF. J Pathol 2008; 215:56-66. [PMID: 18283716 DOI: 10.1002/path.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important regulator of bone biology and stimulates osteoclast differentiation from monocytic precursors. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key pro-tumourigenic transcription factor mediating pathways of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. We have described expression of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in the multi-nucleated, osteoclast-like giant cells and the mononuclear stromal component of giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), a locally osteolytic primary bone tumour. HIF induction was observed in culture in the osteoblastic MG-63 cell line, primary GCTB stromal cells, and monocyte-derived osteoclasts following stimulation with hypoxia (0.1% O2) or the osteoclastogenic cytokines hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). This was accompanied by increased expression of the downstream target genes Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), Glut-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As VEGF can substitute for M-CSF to support osteoclastogenesis in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), we assessed the effect of MG-63 hypoxic conditioned media on osteoclast differentiation. In the presence of RANKL, hypoxic conditioned media induced the formation of active osteoclasts, as assessed from the numbers of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells and the area of lacunar bone resorption, which was inhibited by co-incubation with a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody. Targeted siRNA ablated HIF-1alpha and/or HIF-2alpha expression in MG-63 cells and reduced hypoxic secretion of VEGF. Hypoxic conditioned media from cells treated with siRNA for (HIF-1alpha + HIF-2alpha) produced a significant decrease in osteoclast number (p < 0.005) and activity (p < 0.05) in comparison with the scrambled siRNA control. These results suggest that local hypoxia could indirectly influence osteoclastogenesis via autocrine and paracrine secretion of VEGF under the control of HIF. This is potentially an important mechanism of pathogenesis for GCTB and other osteolytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Knowles
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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Adamski JK, Estlin EJ, Makin GWJ. The cellular adaptations to hypoxia as novel therapeutic targets in childhood cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:231-46. [PMID: 18207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of tumour cells to reduced levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a common finding in adult tumours. Hypoxia induces a myriad of adaptive changes within tumour cells which result in increased anaerobic glycolysis, new blood vessel formation, genetic instability and a decreased responsiveness to both radio and chemotherapy. Hypoxia correlates with disease stage and outcome in adult epithelial tumours and increasingly it is becoming apparent that hypoxia is also important in paediatric tumours. Despite its adverse effects upon tumour response to treatment hypoxia offers several avenues for new drug development. Bioreductive agents already exist, which are preferentially activated in areas of hypoxia, and thus have less toxicity for normal tissue. Additionally the adaptive cellular response to hypoxia offers several novel targets, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), carbonic anhydrase, and the central regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Novel agents have emerged against all of these targets and are at various stages of clinical and pre-clinical development. Hypoxia offers an exciting opportunity for new drug development that can include paediatric tumours at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Adamski
- School of Cancer and Imaging Studies, Faculty of Medical and Human Studies, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Cook KM, Schofield CJ. Therapeutic Strategies that Target the HIF System. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Understanding regulatory pathways involved in melanoma development and progression has advanced significantly in recent years. It is now appreciated that melanoma is the result of complex changes in multiple signaling pathways that affect growth control, metabolism, motility and the ability to escape cell death programs. Here we review the major signaling pathways currently known to be deregulated in melanoma with an implication to its development and progression. Among these pathways are Ras, B-Raf, MEK, PTEN, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3Ks) and Akt which are constitutively activated in a significant number of melanoma tumors, in most cases due to genomic change. Other pathways discussed in this review include the [Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), transforming growth factor-beta pathways which are also activated in melanoma, although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. As a paradigm for remodeled signaling pathways, melanoma also offers a unique opportunity for targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Semenza GL. Evaluation of HIF-1 inhibitors as anticancer agents. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:853-9. [PMID: 17933687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulates the transcription of many genes involved in key aspects of cancer biology, including immortalization, maintenance of stem cell pools, cellular dedifferentiation, genetic instability, vascularization, metabolic reprogramming, autocrine growth factor signaling, invasion/metastasis, and treatment failure. In animal models, HIF-1 overexpression is associated with increased tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis, whereas HIF-1 loss-of-function has the opposite effect, thus validating HIF-1 as a target. In further support of this conclusion, immunohistochemical detection of HIF-1alpha overexpression in biopsy sections is a prognostic factor in many cancers. A growing number of novel anticancer agents have been shown to inhibit HIF-1 through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Determining which combination of drugs to administer to any given patient remains a major obstacle to improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 671, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Abstract
Hypoxia, a decrease in oxygen levels, is a hallmark of solid tumors. Hypoxic cells are more resistant to killing by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, are more invasive and metastatic, resistant to apoptosis, and genetically unstable. Over the last two decades, the discovery of Hypoxia Inducible Factors, a family of transcription factors crucially involved in the response of mammalian cells to oxygen deprivation, has led to the identification of a molecular target associated with hypoxia suitable for the development of cancer therapeutics. These features of solid tumors may offer a unique opportunity for selective therapeutic approaches. A number of strategies targeting hypoxia and/or Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF) have been developed over the last several years and will be described. The exponentially growing interest in therapeutic strategies targeting hypoxia/HIF will undoubtedly generate more active compounds for preclinical and clinical development. A rational development plan aimed to validate target inhibition in preclinical models and early clinical trials is essential for a rapid translation of these agents to the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melillo
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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