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Rao Z, Caprioglio D, Gollowitzer A, Kretzer C, Imperio D, Collado JA, Waltl L, Lackner S, Appendino G, Muñoz E, Temml V, Werz O, Minassi A, Koeberle A. Rotational constriction of curcuminoids impacts 5-lipoxygenase and mPGES-1 inhibition and evokes a lipid mediator class switch in macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115202. [PMID: 35932797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacological targeting of lipid mediator networks offers potential for efficient and safe anti-inflammatory therapy. Because of the diversity of its biological targets, curcumin (1a) has been viewed as a privileged structure for bioactivity or, alternatively, as a pan-assay interference (PAIN) compound. Curcumin has actually few high-affinity targets, the most remarkable ones being 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1. These enzymes are critical for the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandin (PG)E2, and previous structure-activity-relationship studies in this area have focused on the enolized 1,3-diketone motif, the alkyl-linker and the aryl-moieties, neglecting the rotational state of curcumin, which can adopt twisted conformations in solution and at target sites. To explore how the conformation of curcuminoids impacts 5-LOX and mPGES-1 inhibition, we have synthesized rotationally constrained analogues of the natural product and its pyrazole analogue by alkylation of the linker and/or of the ortho aromatic position(s). These modifications strongly impacted 5-LOX and mPGES-1 inhibition and their systematic analysis led to the identification of potent and selective 5-LOX (3b, IC50 = 0.038 µM, 44.7-fold selectivity over mPGES-1) and mPGES-1 inhibitors (2f, IC50 = 0.11 µM, 4.6-fold selectivity over 5-LOX). Molecular docking experiments suggest that the C2-methylated pyrazolocurcuminoid 3b targets an allosteric binding site at the interface between catalytic and regulatory 5-LOX domain, while the o, o'-dimethylated desmethoxycurcumin 2f likely binds between two monomers of the trimeric mPGES-1 structure. Both compounds trigger a lipid mediator class switch from pro-inflammatory leukotrienes to PG and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in activated human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Rao
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - André Gollowitzer
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Kretzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Daniela Imperio
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Juan A Collado
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lorenz Waltl
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sandra Lackner
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Xiao J, Cai X, Zhou W, Wang R, Ye Z. Curcumin relieved the rheumatoid arthritis progression via modulating the linc00052/miR-126-5p/PIAS2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10973-10983. [PMID: 35473503 PMCID: PMC9208441 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, is widely used in the treatment of bone disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the effects of curcumin on fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and its underlying mechanism. mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular functions were detected using cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, Transwell, and flow cytometric assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the cytokine release. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels. An in vivo assay was performed to verify the role of linc00052 in RA. Curcumin promoted apoptosis and inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of RA fibroblast-like synovial (RAFLS) cells. Curcumin treatment suppressed the inflammatory response of RAFLS cells. Moreover, curcumin increased linc00052 levels, and linc00052 knockdown reversed the effects of curcumin. Additionally, linc00052 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to upregulate the expression of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT 2 (PIAS2) by sponging miR-126-5p. Curcumin inhibited the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. In vivo assays showed that curcumin decreased the arthritis score and improved inflammatory infiltration and synovial cell proliferation. These results reveal that curcumin protects against RA by regulating the inc00052/miR-126-5p/PIAS2 axis through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, No.22 Nonglin Road, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, No.22 Nonglin Road, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. NO.120 Guanghua Street, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 650000, China
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatism, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, No.22 Nonglin Road, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Yang XH, Zhuang MK, Xie WH, Du F, Huang YH, Chen ZX, Chen FL, Wang XZ. 12-Lipoxygenase promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5551-5561. [PMID: 31371993 PMCID: PMC6632671 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s201373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) plays a major role in the progression and metastasis of various types of cancer. In gastric cancer (GC), the expression level of 12-LOX is significantly up-regulated; however, its function, and underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. Methods The mRNA and protein expression levels of 12-LOX were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses, respectively, in GC cell lines. 12-LOX expression was stably up-regulated using lentiviral vector in BGC823 and MGC803 cells, and cell-counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation, and invasion assays were performed to verify the function of 12-LOX in proliferation and metastasis. In addition, the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) differentiation markers and downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined by Western blotting. A nude mouse model of tumor growth and metastasis was established to investigate the role of 12-LOX in vivo. Results Our findings demonstrate that 12-LOX mRNA and protein were highly expressed in GC cell lines. 12-LOX overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, up-regulation of 12-LOX promoted the EMT in GC cells, as reflected by a decrease in E-cadherin expression and an increase in N-cadherin and Snail expression. 12-LOX overexpression in GC cells also increased the expression of multiple downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings revealed that 12-LOX functions as an oncogene in promoting GC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, 12-LOX might regulate the EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating a potential role for 12-LOX as a target in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kai Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
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Kharat M, Zhang G, McClements DJ. Stability of curcumin in oil-in-water emulsions: Impact of emulsifier type and concentration on chemical degradation. Food Res Int 2018; 111:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hope-Roberts M, Horobin RW. A review of curcumin as a biological stain and as a self-visualizing pharmaceutical agent. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:315-323. [PMID: 28506128 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1310925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been widely used to color textiles but, unlike other natural dyes such as hematoxylin or saffron, it rarely has been discussed as a biological stain. Aspects of the physicochemistry of curcumin relevant to biological staining and self-visualization, i.e., its acidic properties, lipophilicity, metal and pseudometal complexes, and optical properties, are summarized briefly here. Reports of staining of non-living biological specimens in sections and smears, both fixed and unfixed, including specimens embedded in resin, are summarized here. Staining of amyloid, boron and chromatin are outlined and possible reaction mechanisms discussed. Use of curcumin as a vital stain also is described, both in cultured monolayers and in whole organisms. Staining mechanisms are considered especially for the selective uptake of curcumin into cancer cells. Staining with curcumin labeled nanoparticles is discussed. Toxicity and safety issues associated with the dye also are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hope-Roberts
- a Arcana Scientific and Medical Translations , Sheffield
| | - R W Horobin
- b Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow , Scotland , UK
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Shelmadine BD, Bowden RG, Moreillon JJ, Cooke MB, Yang P, Deike E, Griggs JO, Wilson RL. A Pilot Study to Examine the Effects of an Anti-inflammatory Supplement on Eicosanoid Derivatives in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:632-638. [PMID: 28375641 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease with an inverse relationship between kidney function and levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin and Boswellia serrata have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the effects of a supplement containing curcumin and B. serrata on eicosanoid derivatives in early stage CKD patients who had not initiated hemodialysis. METHODS Sixteen patients with stage 2 and stage 3 CKD (56.0 ± 16.0 years, 171.4 ± 11.9 cm, 99.3 ± 20.2 kg) were randomized into a treatment group with curcumin and B. serrata or a placebo group. The dependent variables prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid, 15-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid, and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid were measured both before and after 8 weeks of supplementation. Results were analyzed by using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance for compliance and body-mass index. RESULTS A significant group effect (p = 0.05), and a trend for Group × Time interaction (p = 0.056) were detected for PGE2. No significant differences were observed for any other variables. CONCLUSIONS This is the first article of baseline levels of the dependent variables in early stage CKD, and the first article to show a significant effect of these supplements on PGE2 in early stage CKD. Further studies are needed to determine whether curcumin and B. serrata may be effective means to reduce inflammation in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney G Bowden
- 2 Robbins College of Health & Human Sciences, Baylor University , Waco, TX
| | - Jennifer J Moreillon
- 3 Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco, TX
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- 4 College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peiying Yang
- 5 Integrative Medicine Research, MD Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - Erika Deike
- 6 Department of Kinesiology, Texas Lutheran University , Seguin, TX
| | | | - Ron L Wilson
- 8 Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White, Waco, TX
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Anticancer Curcumin: Natural Analogues and Structure-Activity Relationship. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Yashaswini PS, Rao AGA, Singh SA. Inhibition of lipoxygenase by sesamol corroborates its potential anti-inflammatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:781-787. [PMID: 27316769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, the byproducts of oxygenases reaction, when in excess, promote degenerative diseases like cardiovascular, cancer and arthritis. Sesame lignans- sesamin, sesamolin and the phenolic degradation product of sesamolin, sesamol, are empirically known for their health promoting properties like antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiaging and antiinflammatory activities. In the current study, the effect of sesamol on the inflammatory oxygenase - lipoxygenase (LOX) was investigated. Enzyme kinetics and spectroscopic techniques were used to understand the inhibition mechanism. Sesamol was a potent inhibitor of soy LOX-1. It inhibited soy LOX-1 in a dose dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.84μM and Ki of 4.9μM. Binding studies using circular dichroism and corroborated by surface plasmon resonance, revealed that sesamol does not bind or change the conformation of LOX. Further, sesamol prevented the conversion of inactive LOX (Fe2+) to active LOX (Fe3+) by arresting the oxidation state of iron and prolonging the lag phase by virtue of its ability to scavenge hydroperoxides. Understanding the mechanism of action of such molecules will help in their application and promotion as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Yashaswini
- Department of Protein Chemistry & Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - A G Appu Rao
- Department of Protein Chemistry & Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Sridevi A Singh
- Department of Protein Chemistry & Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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Al-Wabli RI, Sakr TMMH, Khedr MA, Selim AA, El-Rahman MAEMA, Zaghary WA. Platelet-12 lipoxygenase targeting via a newly synthesized curcumin derivative radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:73. [PMID: 27994638 PMCID: PMC5125034 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most popular techniques for cancer detection is the nuclear medicine technique. The present research focuses on Platelet-12-lipoxygenase (P-12-LOX) as a promising target for treating and radio-imaging tumor tissues. Curcumin was reported to inhibit this enzyme via binding to its active site. Results A novel curcumin derivative was successfully synthesized and characterized with yield of 74%. It was radiolabeled with the diagnostic radioisotope technetium-99m with 84% radiochemical yield and in vitro stability up to 6 h. The biodistribution studies in tumor bearing mice confirmed the high affinity predicted by the docking results with a free binding energy value of (ΔG −50.10 kcal/mol) and affinity (13.64 pki) showing high accumulation in solid tumor with target/non-target ratio >6. Conclusion The newly synthesized curcumin derivative, as a result of a computational study on platelet-12 lipoxygenase, showed its excellent free binding energy (∆G −50.10 kcal/mol) and high affinity (13.64 pKi). It could be an excellent radio-imaging agent that targeting tumor cells via targeting of P-12-LOX.This novel curcumin derivative was successfully synthesized and radiolabeled with technetium-99m and biologically evaluated in tumor bearing mice that showed high accumulation in solid tumor with target/non-target ratio >6 confirming the affinity predicted by the docking results. Predicted binding mode of a new curcumin derivative in complex with 12-LOX active site. b Curcumin itself in the 12-LOX active site biological distribution of 99mTc-curcumin derivative complex in solid tumor bearing Albino mice ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ibrahim Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Abdou Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
| | - Adly Abdallah Selim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wafaa Abdou Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
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Somjen D, Kohen F, Limor R, Sharon O, Knoll E, Many A, Stern N. Estradiol-17β increases 12- and 15-lipoxygenase (type2) expression and activity and reactive oxygen species in human umbilical vascular smooth muscle cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:28-34. [PMID: 27033413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The net vascular effect of estrogens on the vasculature is still under debate. Here we tested the effects of estradiol- 17β (E2) as well as estrogen-receptor subtype specific and non-specific agonists and antagonists on the expression and eicosanoid production of lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes expressed in culture human umbilical vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), the platelet type 12LO and 15LO type 2. E2 increased 12 and 15LO mRNA expression by 2-3 folds and elicited an acute 50% increase 12 and 15 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) production. Neither estrogen receptor ERα nor ERβ-specific agonists were able to reproduce the induction of LO expression, but E2-induced expression was effectively blocked by ER non-specific and receptor subtype specific antagonists. Because 12 and 15HETE can increase reactive oxygen species in other cell types, we tested the possibility that E2 could raise ROS through LO. Indeed, E2 as well as the LO products 12 and 15HETE increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VSMC. E2-dependent and HETE-induced ROS could be blocked by NAD (P) H-oxidase inhibitors and by the ER general antagonist ICI. E2-induced ROS was partially (∼50%) blocked by the LO inhibitor baicalein, but the LO blocker had no effect on 12 or 15HETE- induced ROS formation, thus suggesting that part of E2-dependent ROS generation resulted from E2-induced 12 and 15HETE. Collectively these findings unveil an unrecognized effect of E2 in human VSMC, to induce 12 and 15LO type 2 expression and activity and suggest that E2-dependent ROS formation in VSMC may be partially mediated by the induction of 12 and 15HETE.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/metabolism
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Flavanones/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Raloxifene Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/drug effects
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Somjen
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Fortune Kohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rona Limor
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orli Sharon
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther Knoll
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Many
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Rachmawati H, Safitri D, Pradana AT, Adnyana IK. TPGS-Stabilized Curcumin Nanoparticles Exhibit Superior Effect on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rat. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E24. [PMID: 27537907 PMCID: PMC5039443 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of the Curcuma genus, has a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological applications. Previously, curcumin nanoparticles with different stabilizers had been produced successfully in order to enhance solubility and per oral absorption. In the present study, we tested the anti-inflammatory effect of d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles in vivo. Lambda-carrageenan (λ-carrageenan) was used to induce inflammation in rats; it was given by an intraplantar route and intrapelurally through surgery in the pleurisy test. In the λ-carrageenan-induced edema model, TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles were given orally one hour before induction and at 0.5, 4.5, and 8.5 h after induction with two different doses (1.8 and 0.9 mg/kg body weight (BW)). Sodium diclofenac with a dose of 4.5 mg/kg BW was used as a standard drug. A physical mixture of curcumin-TPGS was also used as a comparison with a higher dose of 60 mg/kg BW. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed on the edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and by the volume of exudate as well as the number of leukocytes reduced in the pleurisy test. TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles with lower doses showed better anti-inflammatory effects, indicating the greater absorption capability through the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heni Rachmawati
- Pharmaceutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | | | - I Ketut Adnyana
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
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Abstract
Platelets are essential in maintaining hemostasis following inflammation or injury to the vasculature. Dysregulated platelet activity often results in thrombotic complications leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Activation of the FcγRIIa receptor leads to immune-mediated thrombosis, which is often life threatening in patients undergoing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or sepsis. Inhibiting FcγRIIa-mediated activation in platelets has been shown to limit thrombosis and is the principal target for prevention of immune-mediated platelet activation. In this study, we show for the first time that platelet 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), a highly expressed oxylipin-producing enzyme in the human platelet, is an essential component of FcγRIIa-mediated thrombosis. Pharmacologic inhibition of 12-LOX in human platelets resulted in significant attenuation of FcγRIIa-mediated aggregation. Platelet 12-LOX was shown to be essential for FcγRIIa-induced phospholipase Cγ2 activity leading to activation of calcium mobilization, Rap1 and protein kinase C activation, and subsequent activation of the integrin αIIbβ3. Additionally, platelets from transgenic mice expressing human FcγRIIa but deficient in platelet 12-LOX, failed to form normal platelet aggregates and exhibited deficiencies in Rap1 and αIIbβ3 activation. These results support an essential role for 12-LOX in regulating FcγRIIa-mediated platelet function and identifies 12-LOX as a potential therapeutic target to limit immune-mediated thrombosis.
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13
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Koeberle A, Muñoz E, Appendino GB, Minassi A, Pace S, Rossi A, Weinigel C, Barz D, Sautebin L, Caprioglio D, Collado JA, Werz O. SAR Studies on Curcumin’s Pro-inflammatory Targets: Discovery of Prenylated Pyrazolocurcuminoids as Potent and Selective Novel Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5638-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica
de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Giovanni B. Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Pace
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 46, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 46, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion
Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Barz
- Institute of Transfusion
Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 46, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Juan A. Collado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica
de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the biphenolic active compound of turmeric. Curcumin has been used for hundreds of years to treat various ailments. Curcumin has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological effects by modulating multiple molecular targets including those involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Cancer has been characterized as the dysregulation of cell signaling pathways through gradual alteration of regulatory proteins and through gene mutation. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule that modulates several intracellular signaling pathways in cancer. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin have been attributed to its novel molecular structure. Based on its β-diketone moiety, curcumin exists in keto-enol tautomers, and this tautomerism favors interaction and binding with a wide range of enzymes. Several studies have shown modulation of numerous signaling enzymes by curcumin including, LOX, COX-2, XO, proteasomes, Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, MMPs, HAT, HDAC, DNMT1, DNA polymerase λ, ribonucleases, GloI, protein kinases (PKA, PKB, PKC, v-Src, GSK-3β, ErbB2), protein reductases (TrxR1, AR), GSH, ICDHs, peroxidases (Prx1, Prx2, Prx6) by treatment with curcumin. Various biophysical analyses have been reported, which shows the underlying molecular interaction of curcumin with multiple targets in terms of binding affinities. The current chapter describes how curcumin binds and modulates multiple enzymes involved cancer. Published clinical trial studies with curcumin in cancer management will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Vyas A, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Ahmad A, Sarkar F. Perspectives on new synthetic curcumin analogs and their potential anticancer properties. Curr Pharm Des 2013. [PMID: 23116312 DOI: 10.2174/138161213805289309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active component of dried rhizome of Curcuma longa, a perennial herb belonging to ginger family, cultivated extensively in south and southeastern tropical Asia. It is widely consumed in the Indian subcontinent, south Asia and Japan in traditional food recipes. Extensive research over last few decades has shown that curcumin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with powerful therapeutic potential against a variety of cancers. It suppresses proliferation and metastasis of human tumors through regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases and other enzymes. It induces apoptotic cell death and also inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by cell cycle arrest. Pharmacokinetic data has shown that curcumin undergoes rapid metabolism leading to glucuronidation and sulfation in the liver and excretion in the feces, which accounts for its poor systemic bioavailability. The compound has, therefore, been formulated and administered using different drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, polysaccharides, phospholipid complexes and nanoparticles that can overcome the limitation of bioavailability to some extent. Attempts to avoid rapid metabolism of curcumin until now have been met with limited success. This has prompted researchers to look for new synthetic curcumin analogs in order to overcome the drawbacks of limited bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and gain efficacy with reduced toxicity. In this review we provide a summarized account of novel synthetic curcumin formulations and analogs, and the recent progress in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Vyas
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
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17
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Vyas A, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Ahmad A, Sarkar F. Perspectives on new synthetic curcumin analogs and their potential anticancer properties. Curr Pharm Des 2013. [PMID: 23116312 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active component of dried rhizome of Curcuma longa, a perennial herb belonging to ginger family, cultivated extensively in south and southeastern tropical Asia. It is widely consumed in the Indian subcontinent, south Asia and Japan in traditional food recipes. Extensive research over last few decades has shown that curcumin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with powerful therapeutic potential against a variety of cancers. It suppresses proliferation and metastasis of human tumors through regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases and other enzymes. It induces apoptotic cell death and also inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by cell cycle arrest. Pharmacokinetic data has shown that curcumin undergoes rapid metabolism leading to glucuronidation and sulfation in the liver and excretion in the feces, which accounts for its poor systemic bioavailability. The compound has, therefore, been formulated and administered using different drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, polysaccharides, phospholipid complexes and nanoparticles that can overcome the limitation of bioavailability to some extent. Attempts to avoid rapid metabolism of curcumin until now have been met with limited success. This has prompted researchers to look for new synthetic curcumin analogs in order to overcome the drawbacks of limited bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and gain efficacy with reduced toxicity. In this review we provide a summarized account of novel synthetic curcumin formulations and analogs, and the recent progress in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Vyas
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
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18
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Kang KH, Ling TY, Liou HH, Huang YK, Hour MJ, Liou HC, Fu WM. Enhancement role of host 12/15-lipoxygenase in melanoma progression. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2747-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Tucker SC, Honn KV. Emerging targets in lipid-based therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:673-688. [PMID: 23261527 PMCID: PMC4106802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of prostaglandins and NSAIDS in the clinic has proven that lipid mediators and their associated pathways make attractive therapeutic targets. When contemplating therapies involving lipid pathways, several basic agents come to mind. There are the enzymes and accessory proteins that lead to the metabolism of lipid substrates, provided through diet or through actions of lipases, the subsequent lipid products, and finally the lipid sensors or receptors. There is abundant evidence that molecules along this lipid continuum can serve as prognostic and diagnostic indicators and are in fact viable therapeutic targets. Furthermore, lipids themselves can be used as therapeutics. Despite this, the vernacular dialog pertaining to "biomarkers" does not routinely include mention of lipids, though this is rapidly changing. Collectively these agents are becoming more appreciated for their respective roles in diverse disease processes from cancer to preterm labor and are receiving their due appreciation after decades of ground work in the lipid field. By relating examples of disease processes that result from dysfunction along the lipid continuum, as well as examples of lipid therapies and emerging technologies, this review is meant to inspire further reading and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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20
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Batie S, Lee JH, Jama RA, Browder DO, Montano LA, Huynh CC, Marcus LM, Tsosie DG, Mohammed Z, Trang V, Marshall PA, Jurutka PW, Wagner CE. Synthesis and biological evaluation of halogenated curcumin analogs as potential nuclear receptor selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:693-702. [PMID: 23276449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of analogs of curcumin, and their analysis in acting as nuclear receptor specific agonists. Curcumin (CM), a turmeric-derived bioactive polyphenol found in curry, has recently been identified as a ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and it is possible that CM exerts some of its bioeffects via direct binding to VDR and/or other proteins in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Using mammalian-two-hybrid (M2H) and vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) biological assay systems, we tested CM and 11 CM synthetic analogs for their ability to activate VDR signaling. The M2H assay revealed that RXR and VDR association was induced by CM and several of its analogs. VDRE-based assays demonstrated that pure curcumin and eight CM analogs activated transcription of a luciferase plasmid at levels approaching that of the endocrine 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) ligand in human colon cancer cells (HCT-116). Additional experiments were performed in HCT-116 utilizing various nuclear receptors and hormone responsive elements to determine the receptor specificity of curcumin binding. CM did not appear to activate transcription in a glucocorticoid responsive system. However, CM along with several analogs elicited transcriptional activation in retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor (RXR) responsive systems. M2H assays using RXR-RXR, VDR-SRC1 and VDR-DRIP revealed that CM and select analogs stimulate RXR homodimerization and VDR-coactivator interactions. These studies may lead to the discovery of novel curcumin analogs that activate nuclear receptors, including RXR, RAR and VDR, resulting in similar health benefits as those for vitamins A and D, such as lowering the risk of epithelial and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Batie
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306, United States
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21
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Gupta SC, Prasad S, Kim JH, Patchva S, Webb LJ, Priyadarsini IK, Aggarwal BB. Multitargeting by curcumin as revealed by molecular interaction studies. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1937-55. [PMID: 21979811 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the active ingredient in turmeric (Curcuma longa), is a highly pleiotropic molecule with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, chemopreventive, chemosensitization, and radiosensitization activities. The pleiotropic activities attributed to curcumin come from its complex molecular structure and chemistry, as well as its ability to influence multiple signaling molecules. Curcumin has been shown to bind by multiple forces directly to numerous signaling molecules, such as inflammatory molecules, cell survival proteins, protein kinases, protein reductases, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, glyoxalase I, xanthine oxidase, proteasome, HIV1 integrase, HIV1 protease, sarco (endo) plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase, DNA methyltransferases 1, FtsZ protofilaments, carrier proteins, and metal ions. Curcumin can also bind directly to DNA and RNA. Owing to its β-diketone moiety, curcumin undergoes keto-enol tautomerism that has been reported as a favorable state for direct binding. The functional groups on curcumin found suitable for interaction with other macromolecules include the α, β-unsaturated β-diketone moiety, carbonyl and enolic groups of the β-diketone moiety, methoxy and phenolic hydroxyl groups, and the phenyl rings. Various biophysical tools have been used to monitor direct interaction of curcumin with other proteins, including absorption, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, competitive ligand binding, Forster type fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), radiolabeling, site-directed mutagenesis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), immunoprecipitation, phage display biopanning, electron microscopy, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonate (ANS) displacement, and co-localization. Molecular docking, the most commonly employed computational tool for calculating binding affinities and predicting binding sites, has also been used to further characterize curcumin's binding sites. Furthermore, the ability of curcumin to bind directly to carrier proteins improves its solubility and bioavailability. In this review, we focus on how curcumin directly targets signaling molecules, as well as the different forces that bind the curcumin-protein complex and how this interaction affects the biological properties of proteins. We will also discuss various analogues of curcumin designed to bind selective targets with increased affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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22
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Abstract
This review chronicles the exploration of the curcumin in terms of development of analogues for the anticancer activity over the last century. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical obtained from dried root and rhizome of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa). It has been shown to interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including apoptosis (activation of caspases and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR, and AP-1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and inflammation (NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX). In the last decade it has been much explored and various synthetic analogues have been prepared and evaluated for various pharmacological activities. Most of the analogues have shown very good anticancer activity in various models and various cell lines. However, some analogues have also shown antioxidant, anti-HIV, antimutagenic, antiangiogenic, antimalarial, antitubercular, antiandrogenic, COX inhibitory activities. Few analogues have shown very potent results and may be considered as clinical candidates for the development of future anticancer agent. This review contains 728 curcumin analogues and covers the literature from 1815 to mid 2009 and 93 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Agrawal
- Agra Public Institute of Technology and Computer Education, Department of Pharmacy, Artoni, Agra, India.
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23
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Abstract
With biomolecular evidence accumulating at an exponential rate, there will be a surge in the development of targeted cancer prevention drugs and interventions in the next decade. Promising results from clinical treatment trials identify a spectrum of targeted cancer therapies in several broad categories. These include both small molecule inhibitors of either key receptors or enzyme binding sites, as well as intravenously delivered monoclonal antibodies that block a specific binding interaction between ligands and their receptors. These targeted interventions conform to a basic translational algorithm: biomarker present, biomarker modulated, and biomarker clinically relevant. A review of solid tumor targets provides a manageable list of factors that are critical to cancer cell survival. As such, these targets represent factors that are not only clinically relevant but also may play a critical role in early tumor development prior to the evolution of frank invasive malignancy. This possibility qualifies these targets for consideration in the development of cancer prevention interventions. Among solid tumors, the treatment of breast cancer with targeted drugs has a long record benchmarked by the initial US Food and Drug Administation (FDA) approval of tamoxifen for metastatic breast cancer treatment in 1977. Since then, the list of oncology drug targets has expanded to include aromatase, androgen receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, and others. It is not surprising that tamoxifen was the first of the modern targeted therapies to be approved for cancer risk reduction and additional approvals are anticipated. The focus of this review is the pharmacologic manipulation of targets within epithelial tumor cells and the implication of those targets for intervening to suppress and eliminate premalignant cells in human tissue. Major obstacles to prevention drug development can be addressed by attention to two important areas. One of these is the refinement of early phase prevention trials to identify drug targets in epithelial cells that are at demonstrated risk of evolving into cancer cells, ie, cells from a developmental niche in cancer ontogeny. Early results suggest that molecular risk signatures may allow the investigational identification of molecular targets in premalignant tissue, with the possibility that chemoprevention agents can be used to eliminate the risk signature. To the extent that this approach can be developed, it will allow for cancer risk reduction in a way that is analogous to the measurement of tumor response to treatment. Even with improvements in the efficiency of clinical trials that come from using molecular risk signatures, there is an ever-growing list of chemoprevention agents that are candidates for evaluation. Improved prevention drug screening methodologies are therefore needed to prioritize agents for clinical testing. In addition to drug targets located in epithelial tumor cells, another list of malignancy-associated targets could be generated by considering targets in tumor-associated stromal and endothelial cells (eg, fibroblast growth factor [FGF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), as well as targets related to a systemic reservoir of circulating cells that can be recruited to carcinogenic influence by inflammatory factors such as nuclear factor (NF)kappaB. The complementarities of target-related processes within tumors cells, in the tumor microenvironment, and beyond suggests that there is great potential for multi-targeted approaches that may be more effective than single agents and also less prone to resistance. Additional options, related to drug dose and schedule, remain to be established. As long as multiple agents can be used in combination for optimal effect with acceptable toxicity, the co-targeting of the epithelial cell compartment along with other compartments of oncogenic activity is expected to expand the dimensions of targeted prevention and enhance the overall opportunity to eliminate precancer or cells at risk of eventually transitioning to invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Johnson
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Balaji S, Chempakam B. Toxicity prediction of compounds from turmeric (Curcuma longa L). Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2951-9. [PMID: 20667459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric belongs to the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Currently, cheminformatics approaches are not employed in any of the spices to study the medicinal properties traditionally attributed to them. The aim of this study is to find the most efficacious molecule which does not have any toxic effects. In the present study, toxicity of 200 chemical compounds from turmeric were predicted (includes bacterial mutagenicity, rodent carcinogenicity and human hepatotoxicity). The study shows out of 200 compounds, 184 compounds were predicted as toxigenic, 136 compounds are mutagenic, 153 compounds are carcinogenic and 64 compounds are hepatotoxic. To cross validate our results, we have chosen the popular curcumin and found that curcumin and its derivatives may cause dose dependent hepatotoxicity. The results of these studies indicate that, in contrast to curcumin, few other compounds in turmeric which are non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, non-hepatotoxic, and do not have any side-effects. Hence, the cost-effective approach presented in this paper could be used to filter toxic compounds from the drug discovery lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
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25
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Madlener S, Saiko P, Vonach C, Viola K, Huttary N, Stark N, Popescu R, Gridling M, Vo NTP, Herbacek I, Davidovits A, Giessrigl B, Venkateswarlu S, Geleff S, Jäger W, Grusch M, Kerjaschki D, Mikulits W, Golakoti T, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T, Krupitza G. Multifactorial anticancer effects of digalloyl-resveratrol encompass apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and inhibition of lymphendothelial gap formation in vitro. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1361-70. [PMID: 20424615 PMCID: PMC2865764 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Digalloyl-resveratrol (di-GA) is a synthetic compound aimed to combine the biological effects of the plant polyhydroxy phenols gallic acid and resveratrol, which are both radical scavengers and cyclooxygenase inhibitors exhibiting anticancer activity. Their broad spectrum of activities may probably be due to adjacent free hydroxyl groups. Methods: Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. Results: In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. Lymphendothelial gaps, adjacent to tumour bulks, can be considered as gates facilitating metastatic spread. Conclusion: These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madlener
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lu Y, Tian H, Hong S. Novel 14,21-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acids: structures, formation pathways, and enhancement of wound healing. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:923-32. [PMID: 19965612 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds remain a medical challenge, where well-coordinated cellular and molecular processes required by optimal healing are impaired by diabetes, aging, or other diseases. In determining mechanisms that regulate wound healing, we found that wounding induced formation of novel endogenous 14S,21S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acids (14S,21S-diHDHA);14R,21R-diHDHA; 14S,21R-diHDHA; and/or 14R,21S-diHDHA. 12-lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 catalysis in tandem converted docosahexaenoic acid to 14S,21R-diHDHA and 14S,21S-diHDHA through the intermediacy of 14S-HDHA; P450 also converted 14R-HDHA to novel 14R,21R-diHDHA and 14R,21S-diHDHA. Macrophages function as the combination of 12-lipoxgenase and P450 to generate these 14,21-diHDHA stereoisomers, as well as their intermediates 14S-HDHA, 14R-HDHA, and 21-HDHA. The structure and formation pathways of 14,21-diHDHA stereoisomers were further confirmed by macrophage biosynthesis of 14,21-diHDHA-21,22,22,22-d(4) stereoisomers, 14S-HDHA-d(5), 14R-HDHA-d(5), and 21-HDHA-d(4) from DHA-21,21,22,22,22-d(5). We found that 14S,21-diHDHA and 14R,21-diHDHA enhanced wound closure, reepithelialization, granulation tissue growth, and capillary vasculature formation of murine wounds. 14S,21-diHDHA and 14R,21-diHDHA produced by macrophages may partially represent the molecular mechanisms for macrophage pro-healing function. Taken together, 14,21-dihydroxy-DHA stereoisomers and their formation pathways may represent a novel mechanism in the orchestration of wound healing processes, which may provide new insight for developing novel therapeutic modalities that counteract impairments to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Health Science Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Curcumin in cancer management: recent results of analogue design and clinical studies and desirable future research. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1005-9. [PMID: 18186103 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the curry constituent curcumin to delay the onset of cancer has been the topic of extensive research for many years. Abundant literature is devoted to mechanisms by which curcumin may mediate this activity. These insights have prompted investigations in which curcumin as lead molecule serves as a scaffold for synthetic chemical attempts to optimize pharmacological potency. Among the published analogues with notable efficacy are dimethylcurcumin, 1,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one and 3,5-bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-piperidinium-4-one acetate. Results of a small number of clinical pilot studies conducted with curcumin at doses of up to 12 g suggest tentatively that it is safe in humans. Prevention of adenoma recurrence constitutes a clinical paradigm worthy of further investigation for curcumin. Future clinical study should include measurement of mechanism-based pharmacodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Steward
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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López-Lázaro M. Anticancer and carcinogenic properties of curcumin: considerations for its clinical development as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52 Suppl 1:S103-27. [PMID: 18496811 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that curcumin, the major active constituent of the dietary spice turmeric, has potential for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Preclinical data have shown that curcumin can both inhibit the formation of tumors in animal models of carcinogenesis and act on a variety of molecular targets involved in cancer development. In vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin is an efficient inducer of apoptosis and some degree of selectivity for cancer cells has been observed. Clinical trials have revealed that curcumin is well tolerated and may produce antitumor effects in people with precancerous lesions or who are at a high risk for developing cancer. This seems to indicate that curcumin is a pharmacologically safe agent that may be used in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown, however, that curcumin may produce toxic and carcinogenic effects under specific conditions. Curcumin may also alter the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review article analyzes the in vitro and in vivo cancer-related activities of curcumin and discusses that they are linked to its known antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. Several considerations that may help develop curcumin as an anticancer agent are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
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Anand P, Thomas SG, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Sung B, Tharakan ST, Misra K, Priyadarsini IK, Rajasekharan KN, Aggarwal BB. Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and Mother Nature. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1590-611. [PMID: 18775680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow pigment present in the Indian spice turmeric (associated with curry powder), has been linked with suppression of inflammation; angiogenesis; tumorigenesis; diabetes; diseases of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological systems, of skin, and of liver; loss of bone and muscle; depression; chronic fatigue; and neuropathic pain. The utility of curcumin is limited by its color, lack of water solubility, and relatively low in vivo bioavailability. Because of the multiple therapeutic activities attributed to curcumin, however, there is an intense search for a "super curcumin" without these problems. Multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations. These include discovery of natural curcumin analogues from turmeric; discovery of natural curcumin analogues made by Mother Nature; synthesis of "man-made" curcumin analogues; reformulation of curcumin with various oils and with inhibitors of metabolism (e.g., piperine); development of liposomal and nanoparticle formulations of curcumin; conjugation of curcumin prodrugs; and linking curcumin with polyethylene glycol. Curcumin is a homodimer of feruloylmethane containing a methoxy group and a hydroxyl group, a heptadiene with two Michael acceptors, and an alpha,beta-diketone. Structural homologues involving modification of all these groups are being considered. This review focuses on the status of all these approaches in generating a "super curcumin.".
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Anand
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 143, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Eicosanoids, the metabolites of arachidonic acid, have diverse functions in the regulation of cancer including prostate cancer. This review will provide an overview of the roles of eicosanoids and endocannabinoids and their potential as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Nithipatikom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - William B Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Anand P, Sundaram C, Jhurani S, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer: An “old-age” disease with an “age-old” solution. Cancer Lett 2008; 267:133-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gubitosi-Klug RA, Talahalli R, Du Y, Nadler JL, Kern TS. 5-Lipoxygenase, but not 12/15-lipoxygenase, contributes to degeneration of retinal capillaries in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2008; 57:1387-93. [PMID: 18346986 PMCID: PMC4444435 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipoxygenases are regulators of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress generation. We evaluated the role of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases in the development of diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Wild-type mice, 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, and 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice were assessed 1) after 9 months of diabetes for retinal histopathology and leukotriene receptor expression and 2) after 3 months of diabetes for leukostasis and retinal superoxide generation. RESULTS Diabetic wild-type mice developed the expected degeneration of retinal capillaries and pericytes and increases in both leukostasis and superoxide production (P < 0.006). We found no evidence of diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in these animals. The vascular histopathology was significantly inhibited in 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, but not in 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice. Retinas from diabetic 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice also had significantly less leukostasis, superoxide production, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression (all P < 0.006), whereas retinas from diabetic 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice had significantly less leukostasis (P < 0.005) but not superoxide production or NF- kappaB expression. Retinas from diabetic wild-type mice were enriched with receptors for the 5-lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene B(4). Diabetes-induced histological and biochemical alterations were significantly reduced in 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, but not 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS 5-Lipoxygenase represents a novel pathway for therapeutic intervention of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Gubitosi-Klug
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University/Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. In recent years, considerable interest has been focused on curcumin due to its use to treat a wide variety of disorders without any side effects. It is one of the major curcuminoids of turmeric, which impart its characteristic yellow colour. It was used in ancient times on the Indian subcontinent to treat various illnesses such as rheumatism, body ache, skin diseases, intestinal worms, diarrhoea, intermittent fevers, hepatic disorders, biliousness, urinary discharges, dyspepsia, inflammations, constipation, leukoderma, amenorrhea, and colic. Curcumin has the potential to treat a wide variety of inflammatory diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, psoriasis, etc, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This article reviews the use of curcumin for the chemoprevention and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:787-809. [PMID: 17900536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1419] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although turmeric (Curcuma longa; an Indian spice) has been described in Ayurveda, as a treatment for inflammatory diseases and is referred by different names in different cultures, the active principle called curcumin or diferuloylmethane, a yellow pigment present in turmeric (curry powder) has been shown to exhibit numerous activities. Extensive research over the last half century has revealed several important functions of curcumin. It binds to a variety of proteins and inhibits the activity of various kinases. By modulating the activation of various transcription factors, curcumin regulates the expression of inflammatory enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and cell survival proteins. Curcumin also downregulates cyclin D1, cyclin E and MDM2; and upregulates p21, p27, and p53. Various preclinical cell culture and animal studies suggest that curcumin has potential as an antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antiangiogenic agent; as a mediator of chemoresistance and radioresistance; as a chemopreventive agent; and as a therapeutic agent in wound healing, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and arthritis. Pilot phase I clinical trials have shown curcumin to be safe even when consumed at a daily dose of 12g for 3 months. Other clinical trials suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcumin in diseases such as familial adenomatous polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, psoriasis, chronic anterior uveitis and arthritis. Thus, curcumin, a spice once relegated to the kitchen shelf, has moved into the clinic and may prove to be "Curecumin".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. CURCUMIN: THE INDIAN SOLID GOLD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:1-75. [PMID: 17569205 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor necrosis factor blockers (e.g., HUMIRA, REMICADE, and ENBREL), a vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker (e.g., AVASTIN), human epidermal growth factor receptor blockers (e.g., ERBITUX, ERLOTINIB, and GEFTINIB), and a HER2 blocker (e.g., HERCEPTIN). Considering the recent scientific bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases, curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Curcuma/chemistry
- Curcumin/analogs & derivatives
- Curcumin/chemistry
- Curcumin/metabolism
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- Humans
- India
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Spices
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Fara DC, Oprea TI, Prossnitz ER, Bologa CG, Edwards BS, Sklar LA. Integration of virtual and physical screening. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2006; 3:377-385. [PMID: 38620118 PMCID: PMC7105924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) represents the dominant technique for the identification of new lead compounds in current drug discovery. It consists of physical screening (PS) of large libraries of chemicals against one or more specific biological targets. Virtual screening (VS) is a strategy for in silico evaluation of chemical libraries for a given target, and can be integrated to focus the PS process. The present work addresses the integration of both PS and VS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C. Fara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Biocomputing, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Tudor I. Oprea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Biocomputing, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric R. Prossnitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cristian G. Bologa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Biocomputing, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Bruce S. Edwards
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Bednar W, Holzmann K, Marian B. Assessing 12(S)-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity using colorectal cancer cells overexpressing the enzyme. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 45:508-14. [PMID: 17027136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
12(S)-Lipoxygenase (LOX) is regarded as a pro-tumorigenic enzyme and as a potential target for therapy and prevention of cancer so that the search for specific 12(S)-LOX inhibitors is part of drug development strategies. To facilitate the identification of specific 12(S)-LOX inhibitors we have created an assay cell line by introducing a12(S)-LOX expression vector into SW480 colorectal cancer cells. When arachidonic acid was supplied in the medium both transiently and stably overexpressing cells produced 12(S)-hydroxytetraenic acid (HETE) originating from the transfected gene at 4-5-fold the amount obtained from control transfectants. 12(S)-HETE production was 1913.7+/-17.2pg/ml and reached a steady state level 24h after addition of arachidonic acid. To demonstrate the models suitability of 12(S)-LOX overexpressing SW480 cells they were used to measure the inhibitory activity of the plant phenols baicalein, kaempferol, quercetin, nordihydroguaretic acid and resveratrol which are known for their chemopreventive as well as LOX-inhibitory activity in different tumour models. All 5 compounds inhibited 12(S)-HETE production at concentrations below those necessary for growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bednar
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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