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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Cao J, Li Y, Guo F. Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4: A Druggable Target. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1517-1536. [PMID: 31215391 DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190618113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) belongs to the bromodomain and extraterminal family. BRD4 inhibitors can regulate acetylated lysine and form protein complexes that initiate transcriptional programs as an epigenetic regulator of the histone code. BRD4 was initially considered to be one of the most promising targets for combating malignant tumors. However, many recent studies have shown that BRD4 plays a crucial role in various kinds of diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological disorder, and obesity. Currently, several BRD4 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials. A search for new BRD4 inhibitors appears to be of great utility for developing novel drugs. In this mini-review, we highlight the inhibitors of BRD4 from natural products and synthesized sources, as well as their applications in cancer, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, neuronal stimulation activation, human immunodeficiency virus and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaoxian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Liu Z, Tian B, Chen H, Wang P, Brasier AR, Zhou J. Discovery of potent and selective BRD4 inhibitors capable of blocking TLR3-induced acute airway inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:450-461. [PMID: 29649741 PMCID: PMC5924617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of diverse small molecules have been designed and synthesized through structure-based drug design by taking advantage of fragment merging and elaboration approaches. Compounds ZL0420 (28) and ZL0454 (35) were identified as potent and selective BRD4 inhibitors with nanomolar binding affinities to bromodomains (BDs) of BRD4. Both of them can be well docked into the acetyl-lysine (KAc) binding pocket of BRD4, forming key interactions including the critical hydrogen bonds with Asn140 directly and Tyr97 indirectly via a H2O molecule. Both compounds 28 and 35 exhibited submicromolar potency of inhibiting the TLR3-dependent innate immune gene program, including ISG54, ISG56, IL-8, and Groβ genes in cultured human small airway epithelial cells (hSAECs). More importantly, they also demonstrated potent efficacy reducing airway inflammation in a mouse model with low toxicity, indicating a proof of concept that BRD4 inhibitors may offer the therapeutic potential to block the viral-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Yoo M, Yoo M, Kim JE, Lee HK, Lee CO, Park CH, Jung KY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazole-4,7-dione derivatives as novel BRD4 inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:46-56. [PMID: 29103140 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is known to regulate the expression of c-Myc to control the proliferation of cancer cells. Therefore, development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the bromodomain has been widely studied. However, some clinical trials on BRD4 inhibitors have shown its drawbacks such as toxicity including the loss of organ weight. Here, we report the development of the novel and promising scaffold, 1H-indazol-4,7-dione, as a bromodomain inhibitor and synthesized derivatives for the inhibition of binding of bromodomain to acetylated histone peptide. Through this effort, we obtained 6-chloro-5-((2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)-1H-indazole-4,7-dione (5i), which showed a highly potent activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 60 nM. The in vivo xenograft assay confirmed that the 1H-indazol-4,7-dione compound reduced the tumor size significantly. These results show that the 1H-indazol-4,7-dione scaffold is highly potent against bromodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Yoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoun Yoo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyoung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Ock Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Millan DS, Kayser-Bricker KJ, Martin MW, Talbot AC, Schiller SER, Herbertz T, Williams GL, Luke GP, Hubbs S, Alvarez Morales MA, Cardillo D, Troccolo P, Mendes RL, McKinnon C. Design and Optimization of Benzopiperazines as Potent Inhibitors of BET Bromodomains. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:847-852. [PMID: 28835800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein structure-guided drug design approach was employed to develop small molecule inhibitors of the BET family of bromodomains that were distinct from the known (+)-JQ1 scaffold class. These efforts led to the identification of a series of substituted benzopiperazines with structural features that enable interactions with many of the affinity-driving regions of the bromodomain binding site. Lipophilic efficiency was a guiding principle in improving binding affinity alongside drug-like physicochemical properties that are commensurate with oral bioavailability. Derived from this series was tool compound FT001, which displayed potent biochemical and cellular activity, translating to excellent in vivo activity in a mouse xenograft model (MV-4-11).
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Millan
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | | | - Matthew W. Martin
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Adam C. Talbot
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Shawn E. R. Schiller
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Torsten Herbertz
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Grace L. Williams
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - George P. Luke
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Stephen Hubbs
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States
| | - Monica A. Alvarez Morales
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Daniel Cardillo
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Paul Troccolo
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Rachel L. Mendes
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Crystal McKinnon
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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Liu Z, Wang P, Chen H, Wold EA, Tian B, Brasier AR, Zhou J. Drug Discovery Targeting Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4533-4558. [PMID: 28195723 PMCID: PMC5464988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
BRD4,
the most extensively studied member of the BET family, is
an epigenetic regulator that localizes to DNA via binding to acetylated
histones and controls the expression of therapeutically important
gene regulatory networks through the recruitment of transcription
factors to form mediator complexes, phosphorylating RNA polymerase
II, and by its intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. Disrupting
the protein–protein interactions between BRD4 and acetyl-lysine
has been shown to effectively block cell proliferation in cancer,
cytokine production in acute inflammation, and so forth. To date,
significant efforts have been devoted to the development of BRD4 inhibitors,
and consequently, a dozen have progressed to human clinical trials.
Herein, we summarize the advances in drug discovery and development
of BRD4 inhibitors by focusing on their chemotypes, in vitro and in
vivo activity, selectivity, relevant mechanisms of action, and therapeutic
potential. Opportunities and challenges to achieve selective and efficacious
BRD4 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases
are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bing Tian
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Internal Medicine, §Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, ξInstitute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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