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Zvrko E, Knežević V, Golubović M. BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX: A CASE REPORT. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2013. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2013.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Thankappan K. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx—A systematic review. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39:397-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marioni G, Staffieri A, Savastano M, Marino F, Giacomelli L, Lionello M, Casotto F, de Filippis C, Blandamura S. Angiogenin expression in head and neck basaloid and conventional squamous cell carcinoma: a site- and stage-matched comparison. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:55-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cho KJ. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2010.44.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Winters R, Naud S, Evans MF, Trotman W, Kasznica P, Elhosseiny A. Ber-EP4, CK1, CK7 and CK14 are useful markers for basaloid squamous carcinoma: a study of 45 cases. Head Neck Pathol 2008; 2:265-71. [PMID: 20614292 PMCID: PMC2807584 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSCC) currently relies mainly on histological criteria, with variable immunohistochemical results reported in small series. We explored the use of a battery of immunohistochemical stains to elucidate this diagnosis on 45 cases of BSCC. To further elucidate the immunohistochemical profile of BSCC, to explore potential genetic pathways of malignant transformation using proliferation markers, and to investigate a possible link with Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Forty-five cases of BSCC and 34 site-matched cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were obtained from the archives of the pathology department at our institution. Extensive literature review was undertaken utilizing Medline. Ber-EP4 is a useful diagnostic marker for BSCC, positive in 82% (37/45) of the cases and in 68% (23/34) of SCC. An alternative is the combination of cytokeratins CK14 and CK7, known to be negative, and CK1, known to be positive, which achieves an accuracy of 73% (33/45) in BSCC and 88% (30/34) in SCC. The two diagnostic approaches were in agreement in 66% of the cases; both methods were equally accurate in the divergent cases. Increased expression of the proliferation markers supports the concept that BSCC is a rapidly growing tumor. Results of p16 stains support an etiological link between BSCC and HPV; interestingly, HPV was present significantly more in BSCC (71% (32/45)), than in SCC (59% (20/34)) in this study (P=0.02).
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Deniz K, Yüce İ, Çağlı S, Okten T, Güney E. Expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Controlled Study. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130808700814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the difference in the biologic nature of typical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basaloid SCC (BSCC) of the larynx by studying proliferation and antiapoptotic markers. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bcl-2 protein in 15 patients with laryngeal BSCC and 15 stage-and site-matched controls with typical laryngeal SCC. We found no significant difference between the two groups in the PCNA index or the frequency of bcl-2 overexpression, nor did we find any significant difference in survival. Our findings indicate that the biologic nature of typical laryngeal SCC and laryngeal BSCC is similar. In addition, our follow-up data suggest that the clinical course of laryngeal BSCC is no worse than that of typical laryngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Deniz
- From the Department of Pathology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İmdat Yüce
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sedat Çağlı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Turhan Okten
- From the Department of Pathology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ercihan Güney
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Khaldi L, Apostolidis TC, Pappa DA, Apostolidis MT, Apostolidis TI. Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the larynx. A potential diagnostic pitfall. Ann Diagn Pathol 2006; 10:297-300. [PMID: 16979524 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with metastases. Histologically, it is identical to basaloid carcinoma at other anatomical sites. Some authors suggest that it may be associated with second primary tumors. Others implicate the Epstein-Barr and human papilloma viruses. All reports but one warn of its aggressive biological behavior. Our case concerns a 52-year-old man who had a small lesion in his right cord. Biopsy of the lesion was performed twice, and conventional squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed; the patient returned 2 months later with progressed metastatic disease. The patient underwent a laryngectomy and a complete clinical and immunohistochemical investigation. Basaloid squamous carcinoma is a totipotential neoplasm with a grave prognosis. It can be misdiagnosed; therefore, the authors would like to emphasize the significance of this condition in comparison to conventional squamous cell carcinoma, and we provide a review of the relevant recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Khaldi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
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Salerno G, Di Vizio D, Staibano S, Mottola G, Quaremba G, Mascolo M, Galli V, De Rosa G, Insabato L. Prognostic value of p27Kip1 expression in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the larynx. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:146. [PMID: 16740156 PMCID: PMC1559634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very few reports have investigated the role of cell cycle regulators as biomarkers in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) of the larynx, a definite morphologic, uncommon, very aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Lower expression of Ki67/Mib-1, a proliferation marker highly expressed in the majority of tumours, and p53, a tumour suppressor protein that can induce an arrest of the G1-S transition, was related to a better prognosis in laryngeal BSCC. In the head and neck, p27kip1, a member of the Cip1/Kip1 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, has emerged as an independent prognostic factor, able to identify low-expressing tumours with unfavourable course. Up to date the role of this protein was never studied in BSCC. Aim of our study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of p27kip1 levels and their correlation with Ki67/Mib-1 and p53 expression in BSCC of the larynx. Methods The retrospective study group consisted of 15 male and 1 female patients, affected by laryngeal BSCC, ranging in age from 44 to 69 years (mean 58). The tumour originated from the supraglottis in thirtheen cases and from the glottis in the remaining three. Ten patients had metastatic cervical lymph nodes at presentation and were classified as N+. Post surgical stage was IV in four patients, III in nine, II in two cases and I in the remaining one. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of 5 months up to 9 years. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of each laryngeal tumour were analyzed for p27kip, Ki67/Mib-1 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results The immunohistochemical study showed p27kip1 expression in 40% of the patients with no evidence of disease (NED) and in none (0%) of the patients dead of disease (DOD), whilst p53 was expressed in 60% of patients in NED status and in 90% of patients in DOD status. Ki67/Mib-1 was positive in 80% of NED patients and in 100% of DOD patients. At multivariate analysis, performed by means of Discriminant analysis, low levels of p27kip1 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion p27kip1 protein has been shown to be a significant independent prognostic factor in laryngeal SCC. In our series of laryngeal BSCC the resulting data seem to confirm the clinical prognostic relevance of p27kip1 low expression, which directly correlated with biological aggressiveness and consequent shortened survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Salerno
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Biomorphologic and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Biomorphologic and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Quaremba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering for Energetic, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Biomorphologic and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vieri Galli
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Rosa
- Department of Biomorphologic and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Biomorphologic and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Rodríguez Tojo MJ, García Cano FJ, Infante Sánchez JC, Velázquez Fernández E, Aguirre Urízar JM. Immunoexpression of p53, Ki-67 and E-cadherin in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Clin Transl Oncol 2005; 7:110-4. [PMID: 15899218 DOI: 10.1007/bf02708743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basaloid is a rare and poorly-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, with an invasive solid growth of cells in a lobular configuration. Different molecular markers, such as p53, Ki-67 and E-cadherin, have been shown to be prognostic factors in head and neck cancer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the immunoexpression of p53, Ki-67 and E-cadherin in relation to prognosis in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (BSCCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 11 cases of BSCCL, all male with a mean age of 62.4 years. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues using p53 (DO- 7), Ki-67 (MIB-1) and E-cadherin (36B5) antibodies. Quantitative assessments of the expression and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS In 72.7% of the cases, clinically advanced stages III-IV were diagnosed. Average survival time was 56.09 months, and 72.7% of patients died as a consequence of the tumour. Immunoreactivity of p53 (>10% of cells) was detected in the 81.8% of the cases. The 72.7% of the cases showed overexpression of Ki-67 (>50% of cells). The cases with low immunoexpression of Ki-67 and p53 had the best clinicopathological data. All cases showed a decreased expression of E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS BSCCL is an aggressive variant of the squamous cell carcinoma and has a high expression of p53 and Ki-67 with a low expression of Ecadherin. These results could be related to the aggressiveness of the disease and its poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Rodríguez Tojo
- Unidad de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain
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Sampaio-Góes FCG, Oliveira DT, Dorta RG, Nonogaki S, Landman G, Nishimoto IN, Kowalski LP. Expression of PCNA, p53, Bax, and Bcl-X in oral poorly differentiated and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: Relationships with prognosis. Head Neck 2005; 27:982-9. [PMID: 16136583 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, Bcl-X, and Bax expression in primary oral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) matched by stage and site and to assess the possible prognostic significance of these variables. METHODS Seventeen cases of oral BSCC were compared with 27 PDSCCs matched by stage and tumor site. In addition, PCNA, p53, Bax, and Bcl-X expression in both carcinomas were evaluated in relation to their clinicopathologic features and prognostic values using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the groups (BSCC and PDSCC) in regard to clinical features and immunohistochemical reactivity for antibodies PCNA, p53, and Bcl-X. In comparison with PDSCC, the BSCC group exhibited a higher Bax score (p = .031). The 5-year and 10-year overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival rates demonstrated no significant differences between the BSCC and PDSCC groups, and the PCNA, p53, Bax, and Bcl-X also showed no prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the clinical and biologic course of BSCC is similar to PDSCC in the oral cavity when clinical stage and site are matched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C G Sampaio-Góes
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Area de Patologia, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 CEP 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bahar G, Feinmesser R, Popovtzer A, Ulanovsky D, Nageris B, Marshak G, Feinmesser M. Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the larynx. Am J Otolaryngol 2003; 24:204-8. [PMID: 12761712 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0709(03)00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma that was first described by Wain et al in 1986. Since then, about 160 cases have been reported in the literature. Only 40 cases have been described in the larynx. METHODS Four cases of BSCC of the larynx treated in our department between 1986 and 2000 are presented. The clinical features, biological behavior, and histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this uncommon tumor are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. RESULTS The main clinical presentation did not differ from other histological types of laryngeal carcinoma. The clinical course, however, was much more aggressive. All the patients received aggressive therapy including radical surgery and radiation. Two patients received chemotherapy. Two of the 4 patients presented died of distant metastasis shortly after diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The finding of this study with a limited number of patients supports previous reports suggesting that BSCC is a highly aggressive tumor that presents in older population with male predominance. The frequency of associated regional as well as distant metastases suggests that aggressive treatment is indicated and that systemic chemotherapy should be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Bahar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Coletta RD, Cotrim P, Vargas PA, Villalba H, Pires FR, de Moraes M, de Almeida OP. Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity: report of 2 cases and study of AgNOR, PCNA, p53, and MMP expression. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 91:563-9. [PMID: 11346736 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a predilection for the head and neck. In the English literature, approximately 40 cases of BSC in the oral cavity have been described. In this study, the clinicopathologic features of 2 cases of BSC affecting the buccal mucosa are reported. In addition, we compare the proliferative and invasive potential of BSC cells with that of poorly differentiated SCC cells matched for age, sex, site, and TNM status. Proliferative activity was studied through use of the argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) method and immunohistochemical quantification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The invasive potential was evaluated through use of the semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Alterations of p53 were also investigated through use of immunohistochemistry. The tumors showed many clinical and histopathologic similarities to tumors in cases previously reported. The AgNOR and PCNA indices were significantly higher in the 2 cases of BSC than in the cases of SCC. Immunostaining for p53 protein showed a higher percentage of positive cells and more intense staining in the BSC tissues than in the SCC tissues. RT-PCR studies clearly demonstrated that the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was higher in cells from BSCs than in cells from SCCs. Taken together, the data described here are compatible with the concept that BSC has a more aggressive biologic behavior than conventional SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Coletta
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Campinas Dental School, Caixa Postal 52, 13414-018 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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