1
|
Ng M, Ho YC, Wycoff S, Zhu Y, Fried D. Short-Wavelength Infrared Imaging of Infected and Affected Dentin. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 38611657 PMCID: PMC11012186 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stains produced by bacteria or those found in blood and food byproducts accumulate in highly porous caries lesions. They can interfere with accurate diagnosis and the selective removal of carious tissue during cavity preparations. Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging studies have shown that stain molecules do not absorb light beyond 1200 nm. The objective of this study was to image affected and infected dentin atSWIR wavelengths. Sections of 3 mm thickness were cut from the extracted teeth with deep dentinal lesions. The sound (normal), affected (stained), and infected (demineralized) dentin on each section were examined with reflected light at wavelengths from 400 to 1700 nm, red and green fluorescence, and with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to measure the mineral density at each location investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the reflected light intensity at 400-850 nm and for fluorescence between the sound, affected, and infected dentin. SWIR imaging did not show significant reductions in reflectivity for the affected and infected dentin. SWIR images may be valuable for monitoring the lateral spread of dentinal lesions on the occlusal surfaces of teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ng
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi-Ching Ho
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Spencer Wycoff
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porumb (Chifor) I, Leucuta DC, Nigoghossian M, Culic B, Lucaciu PO, Culic C, Badea IC, Leghezeu AN, Nicoara AG, Simu MR. Caries Lesion Assessment Using 3D Virtual Models by Examiners with Different Degrees of Clinical Experience. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2157. [PMID: 38138260 PMCID: PMC10744345 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a preventable, reversible disease in its early stages. This study evaluated the intra-rater agreement of International Caries Assessment and Detection System (ICDAS) scores with Medit i500® and Omnicam® scanners versus traditional clinical examinations and the inter-rater agreement using the Omnicam® among senior dentists and dental students and between these two groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients aged between 21 and 34 years, randomly selected from dental students and interns, underwent four examinations (three intraoral scans and one clinical examination), and the corresponding ICDAS scores were recorded by a randomly selected rater out of the 31 available examiners. The examination team consisted of dental students, dentists with less than 3 years, and dentists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. The following inter- and intra-rater agreement tests for the ordinal data were chosen: Fleiss' kappa coefficient, Cohen's weighted kappa, and inter-class correlations. Results: For all examination techniques, there was statistically significant agreement for the experienced raters (p < 0.05). The highest positive interclass correlation was obtained for inter-rater agreement tests of 288 observations recorded by senior dentists: ICC = 0.969 (95% CI 0.949-0.981). Conclusions: Intra-rater reliability was excellent for Omnicam compared to clinical exams conducted by senior dentists but moderate for Medit i500. Although inter-rater agreement using Omnicam was poor between students and between senior dentists and students, it was excellent among senior dentists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Porumb (Chifor)
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 A Iancu Str., 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.)
- SC Chifor Meddent SRL, 9 Gh Doja Str., 400068 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marion Nigoghossian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu Str., No 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-N.L.); (A.G.N.)
| | - Bogdan Culic
- Dental Propedeutics and Aesthetics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Patricia Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 Victor Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carina Culic
- Department of Odontology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Motilor Str., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Clara Badea
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 A Iancu Str., 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.)
| | - Alexa-Nicole Leghezeu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu Str., No 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-N.L.); (A.G.N.)
| | - Andra Gabriela Nicoara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu Str., No 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-N.L.); (A.G.N.)
| | - Meda-Romana Simu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin WS, Alfaraj A, Lippert F, Yang CC. Performance of the caries diagnosis feature of intraoral scanners and near-infrared imaging technology-A narrative review. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:114-124. [PMID: 37701946 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various dental caries diagnostic techniques, including the use of intraoral scanners for caries diagnosis based on near-infrared imaging (NIR) technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS A MEDLINE search from 1980-2023 focused on dental caries diagnostic techniques, emphasizing intraoral scanners using NIR technology. Alternative caries detection methods were also evaluated for their advantages and limitations, enabling a comparison with NIR. The review included traditional caries tools, the latest detection methods, and NIR's role in intraoral scanners, drawing from case reports and both in vivo and in vitro studies. Keywords like "caries detection," "intraoral scanners," and "Near Infrared Imaging (NIRI)" guided the search. After screening titles and abstracts for relevance, full texts with valuable insights were thoroughly analyzed. The data was grouped into three: traditional diagnostics, advanced digital methods, and intraoral scanner-based detection. RESULTS This comprehensive narrative review described and discussed the current state of dental caries diagnostic methods, given the insufficient number of clinical investigations suitable for a systematic review. Traditional caries diagnosis techniques have shown variable accuracy dependent on a dentist's experience and the potential over-removal of healthy tooth structures. Intraoral scanners have emerged as a novel caries detection method, because of their integration of NIR technology. Various studies have confirmed the efficacy of NIR in detecting interproximal caries and in the early diagnosis of non-cavitated caries. Specifically, intraoral scanners have demonstrated promising results, proving comparable to established diagnostic methods like bitewing radiography. Nevertheless, while the integration of NIR into intraoral scanners seems promising, the technology still faces challenges, notably its accuracy in detecting secondary and subgingival cavities. However, with anticipated integrations of AI, NIR in intraoral scanners could revolutionize early caries detection. CONCLUSIONS Intraoral scanners with NIR technology offer non-destructive imaging, real-time lesion visuals, and enhanced patient communication. Although comparable to bitewing radiography in some studies, a universally accepted diagnostic tool is lacking. Future research should compare them with existing methods, focusing on clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and patient acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amal Alfaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wierichs RJ, Selzner H, Bourouni S, Kalimeri E, Seremidi K, Meyer-Lückel H, Kloukos D. Masking-efficacy and caries arrestment after resin infiltration or fluoridation of initial caries lesions in adolescents during orthodontic treatment-A randomised controlled trial. J Dent 2023; 138:104713. [PMID: 37730095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomised, controlled, split-mouth trial was to assess the masking results in initial caries lesions (ICL) that were either resin infiltrated or fluoridated during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS Adolescent patients (age range:12-18years) with fixed orthodontic appliances who had developed ICL [ICDAS 1 or 2 (International Caries Detection and Assessment System)] during orthodontic treatment were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either resin infiltration with up to 3 etching procedures (Group:Inf) or to 3-monthly application of a fluoride varnish (Group:FV). Both interventions were performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Primary and secondary outcomes (ΔE, ICDAS, DIAGNOdent) included the evaluation of the appearance of the ICL before (T0), 1 week after (T1) treatment and at the last appointment before debonding (T2). RESULTS Fifteen patients (8females, 7males) with 57ICL were included. Mean (SD) observation time at the last appointment before debonding was 0.5 (0.3) years. At T0 FV and Inf did not differ significantly in ΔE (median ΔE0,FV(25th/75th percentiles):11.6 (8.7/20.3): ΔE0,Inf:15.1 (11.4/19.5); pT0 = 0.135), ICDAS (pT0 = 0.920) and DD (pT0 = 0.367). At T1 and T2 ΔE values (pT1<0.001, pT2<0.001), ICDAS scores (pT1<0.001, pT2<0.001) and DIAGNOdent values (pT1 = <0.001, pT2 = <0.001) for Inf were significantly reduced whereas ΔE values (pT1 = 0.382, pT2 = 0.072) and ICDAS scores (pT1 = 0.268, pT2<0.001) for FV remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Resin infiltration effectively masked ICL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances both immediately after application and at the last appointment before debonding. Furthermore, the visual appearance of fluoridated lesions was not as satisfactory as that of the infiltrated ones at both T1 and T2. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Resin infiltration effectively masked ICL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances both immediately after application and at the last appointment before debonding. Furthermore, the visual appearance of fluoridated lesions was not as satisfactory as that of the infiltrated ones immediately after first application as well as half a year after application. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00011797).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah Selzner
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Sotiria Bourouni
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Elena Kalimeri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Athens School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lückel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perdiou A, Fratila AD, Sava-Rosianu R, Alexa VT, Lalescu D, Jumanca D, Galuscan A. In Vivo Performance of Visual Criteria, Laser-Induced Fluorescence, and Light-Induced Fluorescence for Early Caries Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3170. [PMID: 37891991 PMCID: PMC10606100 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the diagnostic reliability of ICDAS-II visual criteria, light-induced fluorescence (using the VistaCam iX, Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), and laser-induced fluorescence (using the DIAGNOdent Pen, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) on occlusal caries. Permanent and temporary molars were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Out of 160 teeth that met the inclusion criteria, 139 were chosen and examined by two previously trained and calibrated examiners. The kappa value was 0.95 for both VistaCam iX and DIAGNOdent Pen. Results from visual examination and the readings of the two fluorescence devices were computed, lesions being divided into non-cavitated, enamel lesions, and lesions extended to dentin. All statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.2). Spearman's rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between the scores of diagnostics reliabilities of the three methods mentioned above. There was a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.25, between VistaCam iX and ICDAS II, and a positive, not statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.11, between DiagnoDent Pen and ICDAS II. Considering the temporary teeth, there was a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.52, between VistaCam iX and DiagnoDent Pen; a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.35, between VistaCam iX and ICDAS II; and the lowest, not statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.16, between DiagnoDent Pen and ICDAS II. Conclusions: In conclusion, ICDAS II and light-induced fluorescence are better diagnostic methods than the laser-induced fluorescence devices for detecting occlusal caries. Clinical Significance: This study may support clinicians in selecting the most efficient tool for diagnosing carious lesion in the earliest stages possible. Furthermore, such technologies raise the availability for more preventive approaches, as opposed to invasive procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Perdiou
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ishida Y, Miura D, Shinya A. Effect of resin composite shade on digital fiber-optic transillumination imaging in vitro. Odontology 2023; 111:854-862. [PMID: 36797498 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI) devices have been used to detect caries, a technique without using X-rays. However, the effects of resin composites (RCs) shades on the images acquired with DIFOTI devices have not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of RC shade on the images obtained with DIFOTI technique. Three shades (A1, A3, and Opaque) for each of four flowable RCs were filled on a cavity prepared in a left mandibular first premolar obtained from a donated body. Then, transmission images with a DIFOTI device (DIAGNOcam; KaVo, Biberach, Germany) were acquired, and the average lightness values of the images in the RC and enamel were used to calculate differences between those areas. To clarify the influence of the optical translucency and color on DIFOTI images, the color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of each RC were obtained with black and white backgrounds. The color differences between the backgrounds were calculated as transparency parameter (TP) values. The number of repetitions was set to 10. Differences in the lightness value of the shades varied in each RC. The difference in lightness was significantly associated with the TP value and color parameters of L* (p < 0.01), with negative (R = - 0.81) and positive (R = 0.84) correlations, respectively. In conclusion, DIFOTI images of RCs with high optical translucency resembled those of the natural tooth structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishida
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan.
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prause E, Hey J, Schmidt F, Nicic R, Beuer F, Unkovskiy A. The Assessability of Approximal Secondary Caries of Non-Invasive 3D-Printed Veneers Depending on the Restoration Thickness-An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:992. [PMID: 37760094 PMCID: PMC10525397 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no scientific data is available regarding the development and radiographic assessment of approximal caries development after the insertion of 3D-printed, non-invasive veneers of different restoration thicknesses. For the present study, non-invasive veneers were fabricated from two different materials for printing and milling (Vita Enamic and VarseoSmile Crown plus). Three different restoration thicknesses (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mm) were selected. After digital design, leaving the approximal space free, and manufacturing of the restorations, adhesive insertion followed. All specimens were placed in a demineralizing solution for 28 days. Subsequently, a radiological and fluorescent examination was performed. The present study showed statistically significant interactions for the day (p < 0.0001) and manufacturing method (p < 0.0001) but not for restoration thickness. Additive manufactured restorations showed less radiological caries progression compared to subtractive manufactured restorations after 21 and 28 days (0.7 and 0.9 mm restoration thickness) (p < 0.0001). DIAGNOdent proved that the restoration thickness affected the caries progression within the subtractive group (p < 0.0001). Radiographic and fluorescence examination showed equivalent results regarding approximal caries assessment. For additive manufacturing, less caries progression was shown without consideration of the restoration thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prause
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Jeremias Hey
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Robert Nicic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19c1, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altan H, Yilmaz RE. Clinical evaluation of resin infiltration treatment masking effect on hypomineralised enamel surfaces. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:444. [PMID: 37400849 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resin infiltration is a micro-invasive treatment for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). In this study it was aimed to evaluate the masking effect of resin infiltration treatment (ICON) on hypomineralised enamel surface of permanent anterior teeth by using laser fluorescence, spectrophotometer, and cross-polarisation photography. METHODS A total of 116 permanent central incisors in 37 patients were included in the study. The resin infiltration treatment (Icon®) was applied to the teeth with MIH; the healthy teeth received no treatment (control). Hypomineralised enamel lesions were evaluated by ICDAS II criteria. DIAGNOdent Pen was used to assess the lesions and healthy enamel surface quantitatively. Colour changes in enamel lesions were evaluated by using a spectrophotometer (VITA EasyShare). Each enamel lesion was imaged using a cross-polarization technique before and after treatment. All photos were assessed using Image J to evaluate the changes in lesion size. Enamel lesions were evaluated before; immediately after; 1; 3; and 6 months after treatment. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. RESULTS After the resin infiltration, significant decreases were found in the mean DIAGNOdent values for the treatment group (p < 0.05). The colour differences before and after treatment significantly differed in all follow-ups (p < 0.05). In the treatment group, lesion areas decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The resin infiltration treatment has a masking effect on MIH lesions without cavities, with stable outcomes after six months. The cross-polarization photography technique may be use to evaluate the lesion size instead of photography with flash. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04685889 (registered 28 December 2020).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halenur Altan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Rabia Erağca Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Oral and Dental Health Polyclinic, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
C G, A VS, Purushothaman D, K T M, N V. Bibliometric Analysis of Dental Caries Detection. Cureus 2023; 15:e40741. [PMID: 37485113 PMCID: PMC10361341 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the publications on dental caries. Research productivity can be measured with the use of bibliometric analysis. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database to identify dental caries research trends and patterns over the years. The search yielded 1630 scientific articles. The data was analysed using bibliometric indicators such as the h-index, the total number of citations and the number of publications. An analysis of the data highlighted that the United States of America (USA) and Brazil have the highest number of single-country publications. Top authors were listed based on the h-index and the total number of citations. Top cited countries, institutions etc. were also analysed using this bibliometric study. This bibliometric evaluation provides a wide area of literature carried out to date. The existing knowledge can be used to direct future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh C
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Victor Samuel A
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Deenadayalan Purushothaman
- Department of Orthodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Magesh K T
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Vivek N
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaalan OO. DIAGNOdent versus International Caries Detection and Assessment System in detection of incipient carious lesions: A diagnostic accuracy study. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:199-206. [PMID: 37205891 PMCID: PMC10190091 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_575_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The present investigation aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of DIAGNOdent compared to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II (ICDAS-II) in the detection of facial, smooth surface noncavitated carious lesions. Settings and Design Sixty patients were enrolled in the current study according to the eligibility criteria. There were 161 teeth with noncavitated, white spot carious lesions and 32 sound teeth. Materials and Methods Before examination, teeth were cleaned and polished and all patients were assessed under standardized operating conditions: preset dental unit position, operating light, and prolonged air drying (approximately 5 s). All teeth were assessed by two calibrated examiners individually without any contact using ICDAS-II and DIAGNOdent. Statistical Analysis The diagnostic accuracy of DIAGNOdent device was determined, including sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Chi-square test was conducted to compare the distribution of ICDAS-II and DIAGNOdent scores. Inter-observer agreement between assessors was evaluated using Cohen's kappa test. Results In the current study, DIAGNOdent had an overall accuracy of 84.45% with sensitivity and specificity of 87.58% and 96.87%, respectively, and +PV and -PV of 97.7% and 83.9%, respectively, when score 0 represented sound tooth surface, while scores 1 and 2 were considered clinically noncavitated carious lesions. Moreover, when only ICDAS score 1 was considered representing first visual change in enamel, DIAGNOdent had an accuracy of 74.15% with sensitivity and specificity of 83.53% and 90.62%, respectively, and +PV and -PV of 93% and 78.6%, respectively. In the present study, when only ICDAS score 2 was considered representing distinct visual change in enamel, DIAGNOdent had an accuracy of 100% with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively, and +PV and -PV of 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The overall performance of DIAGNOdent was equivalent to the visual inspection using ICDAS-II. DIAGNOdent might be considered a useful adjunctive device for detection and monitoring development of noncavitated carious lesions on facial smooth surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Osama Shaalan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wierichs RJ, Bourouni S, Kalimeri E, Gkourtsogianni S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Kloukos D. Short-term efficacy of caries resin infiltration during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances. A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2022; 45:115-121. [PMID: 36200478 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Objective of this trial was to assess the masking results in initial caries lesions (ICL) that were resin infiltrated during fixed orthodontic treatment in comparison to contralateral teeth that were fluoridated only. TRIAL DESIGN A randomized, controlled, split-mouth trial. METHODS Adolescent patients (age range: 12-18 years) with fixed orthodontic appliances who had developed ICL [ICDAS 1 or 2 (International Caries Detection and Assessment System)] during orthodontic treatment were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either resin infiltration (Icon) with up to 3 etching procedures (Inf) or to a fluoride varnish (Tiefenfluorid) (FV). Both interventions were performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Outcome assessors were blinded to the applied intervention. Primary and secondary outcomes included the evaluation of the appearance of the ICL before (T0) and 1 week after (T1) treatment by digital photographs (ΔE), laser fluorescence readings (DD), and ICDAS scores. BLINDING Due to the treatment nature neither the operators nor the patients could be blinded. However, outcome assessors and the statistician were blinded. RESULTS Fifteen patients (9 female) with 60 ICL were included (mean age: 14.6 years). At baseline FV and Inf did not differ significantly in ΔE (median ΔE0,T (25th/75th percentiles):10.7(9.1/20.9): ΔE0,I:13.4(10.3/18.5); P = 0.469), DD (P = 0.867) and ICDAS (P = 0.521). One-week after treatment (T1) ΔE values (P < 0.001), DD values (P < 0.001), and ICDAS scores (P = 0.014) for Inf were significantly reduced, whereas ΔE values (P = 0.125) and ICDAS scores (P = 0.073) for FV remained unchanged. LIMITATION Natural remineralizing in the standard interventional control group cannot be observed yet, since up to 6 months are needed to naturally remineralize ICL. CONCLUSIONS Based on our short-term data, resin infiltration effectively masked ICL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Fluoridation was not able to immediately improve the visual appearance of ICL. Further longer-term assessment should focus not only on the aesthetic outcome, but also on the caries inhibitory effect of resin infiltration during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00011797).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sotiria Bourouni
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Kalimeri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gkourtsogianni
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minuesa-García E, Iranzo-Cortés JE, Almerich-Torres T, Bellot-Arcís C, Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Silla JM. Diagnostic Validity in Occlusal Caries Detection of ICDAS II, DIAGNOdent, Radiography and a Combination of the Three Methods: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102937. [PMID: 35629063 PMCID: PMC9146251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compare the efficacy and diagnostic concordance of the ICDAS, the radiographic criterion and the instrument known as the DIAGNOdent fluorescence laser pen on occlusal caries lesions using a histological section as the gold standard. Of 100 teeth that did not present cavitated occlusal lesions or occlusal fillings, 80 were chosen through a randomization program and examined by two previously trained and calibrated researchers. Subsequently, the teeth were sectioned with a diamond disk and observed under an optical microscope. The results were studied for caries with a limit established in enamel and caries with extension to dentin. The intra-examiner (0.821–0.933) and inter-examiner (0.817–0.924) reproducibility obtained for both ICDAS and DIAGNOdent for the diagnosis of borderline enamel caries was high. Similarly, intra-examiner (0.686–1.000) and inter-examiner (0.809–0.944) reproducibility for diagnosis of caries with dentin extension was also high for both methods. The sensitivity obtained was 0.76 (ICDAS), 0.87 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.58 (Rx), whereas the specificity obtained was 0.66 (ICDAS), 0.4 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.77 (Rx) for lesions limited to enamel. For lesions with extension to dentin, the sensitivity obtained was 0.73 (ICDAS), 0.82 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.09 (Rx), and the specificity obtained was 0.79 (ICDAS), 0.52 (DIAGNOdent) and 0.97 (Rx). Sensitivity increases in both cases by combining diagnostic methods. In conclusion, ICDAS and DIAGNOdent are better diagnostic methods than Rx for the detection of occlusal caries, and the combination of these methods helps to obtain a better diagnosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Effectiveness of Visual-Tactile Examination and DIAGNOdent Pen in Detecting Early Enamel Caries and Its Remineralisation: An In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1263750. [PMID: 35059458 PMCID: PMC8766177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1263750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The caries preventive effect of Colgate Duraphat® and GC Tooth Mousse Plus® has been widely studied, but the remineralisation potential of initial occlusal caries using these two remineralisation materials remains unclear. Aim This study is aimed at evaluating and comparing the remineralisation of early enamel caries on the occlusal surface of permanent posterior teeth using ICDAS II caries scoring system and DIAGNOdent Pen (DDPen) after remineralisation with Colgate Duraphat® and GC Tooth Mousse Plus®. Materials and Methods Extracted posterior teeth (N = 120) with incipient occlusal caries were included in this study. The occlusal surface of each tooth was scored using DDPen and ICDAS II scoring before remineralisation. Then, remineralisation of the teeth of the experimental group was carried out using either CPP-ACP-F or fluoride varnish. After the remineralisation procedures, the occlusal surface of each tooth was again scored using DDPen and ICDAS II scoring. The teeth were then fixed in dental stone blocks and sectioned longitudinally for histological examination using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of DDPen and ICDAS II to detect remineralisation and compare with the gold standard histological examination. Results According to ICDAS-II scores, a significant difference was noted in GC Tooth Mousse Plus® and Duraphat® study samples, whereas the difference between the pre-and post-remineralisation of the control group was not significant. According to the DDPen score criteria, a statistically significant difference was noted among all study groups; however, a greater significance level was noted in the GC Tooth Mousse Plus® and Duraphat® study samples compared with the control group. The Spearman's rank correlation of ICDAS-II and DDPen with Downer's histological score (gold standard) revealed a higher association of DDPen score (.738) as compared to ICDAS-II scores (.430). Conclusion The study concluded that both ICDAS II and DDPen could detect remineralisation of early enamel occlusal caries. DDPen was more sensitive than ICDAS-II to detect remineralisation compared with the Downers histological scores.
Collapse
|
14
|
Olgen IC, Sonmez H, Bezgin T. Effects of different remineralization agents on MIH defects: a randomized clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3227-3238. [PMID: 34821978 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to present a comparative evaluation of the long-term efficacy of fluoride varnish and pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACFP) in the remineralization of creamy-white and yellow-brown defects in permanent first molars with MIH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 120 teeth with yellow-brown or creamy-white defects in 67 children (37 girls, 30 boys) aged 6-9 years (mean, 7.2) who were newly diagnosed with MIH with no substance loss or caries or prior restorative treatment. The patients were randomly divided into the experiment groups; control (oral hygiene motivation only), fluoride varnish, and pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF, and followed up for 24 months. The evaluations were made based on the ICDAS criteria and the measurements which were performed using the laser fluorescence method (DIAGNOdent, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) in the follow-ups. RESULTS The research was completed with 49 patients (23 females, 26 males; mean age, 7.7) and 90 teeth. All remineralization agents increased remineralization rates in both creamy-white and yellow-brown colored defects without presenting any statistically significant difference at the end of the follow-up period (p > 0.05). However, the effects of fluoride varnishes were late to observe when compared to pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF. CONCLUSIONS Pastes containing calcium and phosphate may be recommended for the longer-term preservation of teeth with yellow-brown defects which showed a post-eruptive breakdown in a shorter time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a lack of studies investigating MIH treatments in which lesion appearance was recorded. This study evaluated creamy-white and yellow-brown MIH defects separately and reported long-term results of different remineralization agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Can Olgen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Sonmez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bezgin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monea M, Eşian D, Vlad RE, Bica CI. In vivo effectiveness of visual inspection and laser fluorescence in the diagnosis of early pit-and-fissure carious lesions: A cross-sectional study in a group of Romanian children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27811. [PMID: 34766591 PMCID: PMC8589235 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
General practitioners are still facing great challenges in the management of occlusal caries. Therefore, the development of better diagnostic protocols and assessment of caries activity might improve the results of nonoperative treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of visual inspection based on ICDAS-II (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) and DiagnoDent pen in the detection of pit-and-fissure early lesions in young permanent molars. The evaluation of 237 occlusal surfaces and caries risk assessment were performed in 96 children aged 7 to 15 years. The presence of pit-and-fissure noncavitated lesions was recorded using ICDAS-II scoring system and laser fluorescence. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar test, with a level of significance of P < .05. The caries risk was measured for all participants. In 109 occlusal surfaces both methods identified enamel changes (46%) and in 62 cases both methods excluded the carious lesion (26.2%). The statistical analysis showed a significant moderate agreement between ICDAS-II code and DiagnoDent pen measurements (McNemar chi-squared statistic 9.5, P = .002 and Cohen kappa coefficient = 0.427). The majority of children (69.8%) had moderate caries risk and the most frequent risk factors recorded were sugar intake between meals, lack of regular dental control and poor oral hygiene. We concluded that ICDAS-II is a valuable and reliable diagnostic tool for early pit-and-fissure lesions and could be used alone during dental examination in children. The evaluation of caries risk should become clinical routine, as parameters belonging to high risk were frequently recorded in our study group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Monea
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Daniela Eşian
- Department of Pedodontics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Ramona Elena Vlad
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Cristina Ioana Bica
- Department of Pedodontics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kasemkhun P, Nakornchai S, Phonghanyudh A, Srimaneekarn N. The efficacy of dental sealant used with bonding agent on occlusal caries (ICDAS 2-4): A 24-month randomized clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:760-766. [PMID: 33220141 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bonding before sealant application enhances retention on saliva-contaminated sound teeth; however, there are few studies of bonding's efficacy on sealant retention on occlusal caries. AIM To evaluate a bonding agent's efficacy on sealant retention on occlusal caries and caries transition. DESIGN One hundred twenty pairs of first permanent molars with occlusal caries (ICDAS 2-4) from 98 children aged 7.3-9.9 years were included. One molar was randomly selected to use bonding (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) applied before sealant application (Helioseal® clear, Ivoclar Vivadent). Bonding was not used on the contralateral tooth. Retention was determined using Simonsen's criteria; caries transition was evaluated using ICDAS scores, DIAGNOdent values, and bitewings at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed with McNemar's and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Bonding agent use significantly increased sealant retention rates (P < .001). Bonded (B) sealants had a higher retention rate (83.3%) than non-bonded (NB) sealants (53.7%). The difference in the caries-transition rate was not significant between the groups (P > .05). Three teeth (1.4%; NB:B = 2:1) were restored due to radiographic dentin-caries progression. CONCLUSIONS Using a bonding agent before applying sealant on permanent molar occlusal caries (ICDAS 2-4) significantly enhanced sealant retention. Caries progression was rarely detected at the 24-month follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siriruk Nakornchai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Araya Phonghanyudh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bourouni S, Dritsas K, Kloukos D, Wierichs RJ. Efficacy of resin infiltration to mask post-orthodontic or non-post-orthodontic white spot lesions or fluorosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4711-4719. [PMID: 34106348 PMCID: PMC8342329 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present review systematically analyzed clinical studies investigating the efficacy of resin infiltration on post-orthodontic or non-post-orthodontic, white spot lesions (WSL), or fluorosis. MATERIALS Five electronic databases (Central, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, LILACS) were screened. Article selection and data abstraction were done in duplicate. No language or time restrictions were applied. Outcomes were visual-tactile or DIAGNOdent measurements. RESULTS Eleven studies with 1834 teeth being affected in 413 patients were included. Nine studies were randomized control trials, one a prospective cohort study, and one had an unclear study design. Meta-analysis could be performed for "resin infiltration vs. untreated control," "resin infiltration vs. fluoride varnish," and "resin infiltration without bleaching vs. resin infiltration with bleaching." WSL being treated with resin infiltration showed a significantly higher optical improvement than WSL without any treatment (standard mean difference (SMD) [95% CI] = 1.24 [0.59, 1.88], moderate level of evidence [visual-tactile assessment]) and with fluoride varnish application (mean difference (MD) [95% CI] = 4.76 [0.74, 8.78], moderate level of evidence [DIAGNOdent reading]). In patients with fluorosis, bleaching prior to resin infiltration showed no difference in the masking effect compared to infiltration alone (MD [95% CI] = - 0.30 [- 0.98, 0.39], moderate level of evidence). CONCLUSION Resin infiltration has a significantly higher masking effect than natural remineralization or regular application of fluoride varnishes. However, although the evidence was graded as moderate, this conclusion is based on only very few well-conducted RCTs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Resin infiltration seems to be a viable option to esthetically mask enamel white spot lesions and fluorosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bourouni
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - K Dritsas
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, O'Malley L, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D. Visual or visual-tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 6:CD014546. [PMID: 34124773 PMCID: PMC8428329 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection and diagnosis of caries at the initial (non-cavitated) and moderate (enamel) levels of severity is fundamental to achieving and maintaining good oral health and prevention of oral diseases. An increasing array of methods of early caries detection have been proposed that could potentially support traditional methods of detection and diagnosis. Earlier identification of disease could afford patients the opportunity of less invasive treatment with less destruction of tooth tissue, reduce the need for treatment with aerosol-generating procedures, and potentially result in a reduced cost of care to the patient and to healthcare services. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of different visual classification systems for the detection and diagnosis of non-cavitated coronal dental caries for different purposes (detection and diagnosis) and in different populations (children or adults). SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist undertook a search of the following databases: MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 30 April 2020); Embase Ovid (1980 to 30 April 2020); US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov, to 30 April 2020); and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (to 30 April 2020). We studied reference lists as well as published systematic review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy study designs that compared a visual classification system (index test) with a reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs). This included cross-sectional studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of single index tests and studies that directly compared two or more index tests. Studies reporting at both the patient or tooth surface level were included. In vitro and in vivo studies were considered. Studies that explicitly recruited participants with caries into dentine or frank cavitation were excluded. We also excluded studies that artificially created carious lesions and those that used an index test during the excavation of dental caries to ascertain the optimum depth of excavation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data independently and in duplicate using a standardised data extraction and quality assessment form based on QUADAS-2 specific to the review context. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy were determined using the bivariate hierarchical method to produce summary points of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and regions, and 95% prediction regions. The comparative accuracy of different classification systems was conducted based on indirect comparisons. Potential sources of heterogeneity were pre-specified and explored visually and more formally through meta-regression. MAIN RESULTS We included 71 datasets from 67 studies (48 completed in vitro) reporting a total of 19,590 tooth sites/surfaces. The most frequently reported classification systems were the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) (36 studies) and Ekstrand-Ricketts-Kidd (ERK) (15 studies). In reporting the results, no distinction was made between detection and diagnosis. Only two studies were at low risk of bias across all four domains, and 15 studies were at low concern for applicability across all three domains. The patient selection domain had the highest proportion of high risk of bias studies (49 studies). Four studies were assessed at high risk of bias for the index test domain, nine for the reference standard domain, and seven for the flow and timing domain. Due to the high number of studies on extracted teeth concerns regarding applicability were high for the patient selection and index test domains (49 and 46 studies respectively). Studies were synthesised using a hierarchical bivariate method for meta-analysis. There was substantial variability in the results of the individual studies: sensitivities ranged from 0.16 to 1.00 and specificities from 0 to 1.00. For all visual classification systems the estimated summary sensitivity and specificity point was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.90) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.82) respectively, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 20.38 (95% CI 14.33 to 28.98). In a cohort of 1000 tooth surfaces with 28% prevalence of enamel caries, this would result in 40 being classified as disease free when enamel caries was truly present (false negatives), and 163 being classified as diseased in the absence of enamel caries (false positives). The addition of test type to the model did not result in any meaningful difference to the sensitivity or specificity estimates (Chi2(4) = 3.78, P = 0.44), nor did the addition of primary or permanent dentition (Chi2(2) = 0.90, P = 0.64). The variability of results could not be explained by tooth surface (occlusal or approximal), prevalence of dentinal caries in the sample, nor reference standard. Only one study intentionally included restored teeth in its sample and no studies reported the inclusion of sealants. We rated the certainty of the evidence as low, and downgraded two levels in total for risk of bias due to limitations in the design and conduct of the included studies, indirectness arising from the in vitro studies, and inconsistency of results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Whilst the confidence intervals for the summary points of the different visual classification systems indicated reasonable performance, they do not reflect the confidence that one can have in the accuracy of assessment using these systems due to the considerable unexplained heterogeneity evident across the studies. The prediction regions in which the sensitivity and specificity of a future study should lie are very broad, an important consideration when interpreting the results of this review. Should treatment be provided as a consequence of a false-positive result then this would be non-invasive, typically the application of fluoride varnish where it was not required, with low potential for an adverse event but healthcare resource and finance costs. Despite the robust methodology applied in this comprehensive review, the results should be interpreted with some caution due to shortcomings in the design and execution of many of the included studies. Studies to determine the diagnostic accuracy of methods to detect and diagnose caries in situ are particularly challenging. Wherever possible future studies should be carried out in a clinical setting, to provide a realistic assessment of performance within the oral cavity with the challenges of plaque, tooth staining, and restorations, and consider methods to minimise bias arising from the use of imperfect reference standards in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macey
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Riley
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy O'Malley
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet E Clarkson
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Govindaraj A, Dinesh SS. Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed.
Clinical Significance:
The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible.
Review of Literature:
Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets.
Results:
The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish.
Conclusion:
Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wierichs RJ, Carvalho TS, Wolf TG. Efficacy of a self-assembling peptide to remineralize initial caries lesions - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 109:103652. [PMID: 33798639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The present review systematically analyzed clinical studies investigating the efficacy of self-assembling peptides (SAP) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial caries lesions. DATA Prospective controlled (non-)randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a self-assembling peptide compared to any other (placebo) treatment or untreated/standard control. Outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS), laser fluorescence, ICDAS score or morphometric measurements. SOURCES Three electronic databases (Central, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE) were screened. No language or time restrictions were applied.. Risk of Bias and level of evidence was graded using Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and Grade Profiler 3.6. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS Seven studies with 508 teeth being affected in 294 patients were included. All studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), five with a split-mouth and two with a parallel-arm design. Meta-analysis could be performed for SAP (plus fluoride varnish (FV)) vs. no treatment (plus FV) (control treatment). Depending on the outcome after up to 12 months SAP showed a significantly higher optical improvement than the control treatment (laser fluorescence: Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)[95 %CI] = -0.87[-1.39,-0.34; VAS: Mean Difference (MD)[95 %CI] = -35.38[-43.13,-27.64]) or no significant difference could be observed (ICDAS/activity score; Relative Risk (RR)[95 %CI] = 0.6[0.21,1.74]; morphometric measurements: SMD[95 %CI] = -1.95[-4.54,0.65]). Level of evidence was very low for all 4 outcomes. Furthermore, six studies showed a high risk of bias and six studies were (partially) funded by the manufactures of the tested products. CONCLUSION Based on a low number of clinical trials with relatively short follow up-periods and high risks of bias, self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. However, results should be interpretated with caution due the low number of clinical trials, the short follow-up periods and the limiting grade of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - T G Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park KJ, Voigt A, Schneider H, Ziebolz D, Haak R. Light-based diagnostic methods for the in vivo assessment of initial caries lesions: Laser fluorescence, QLF and OCT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102270. [PMID: 33785442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate different light-based caries diagnostic methods for assessment of non-cavitated initial carious lesions on smooth surfaces. METHODS 39 participants were included. For each participant, three regions of interest (ROI) with ICDAS codes 0, 1 or 2 were defined. All ROIs (n = 117) were investigated/imaged with laser fluorescence (LF, DIAGNOdent 2095; KaVo dental GmbH), quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF; Biluminator 2+, Inspektor Research Systems B.V.) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Telesto II, Thorlabs GmbH). The values of LF, ΔF of QLF, and the lesion extent assessed by OCT were categorized. Frequency distribution of LF-/QLF- and OCT-scores was determined for each ICDAS code included. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of QLF and OCT measurements were assessed by unweighted kappa coefficient (ĸ) and Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Compared with LF and QLF, OCT showed various manifestations of carious lesions for visually sound ROIs and a larger variation of caries extent in depth within the same ICDAS code groups. Intra-examiner reproducibility ranged between 0.49 and 1.00 for the QLF analysis and between 0.95 and 0.99 for the OCT analysis. Inter-examiner reproducibility ranged between 0.17 and 0.32 for the QLF analysis and between 0.65 and 0.79 for the OCT analysis. CONCLUSION LF and QLF were insensitive to less pronounced smooth-surface lesions while OCT allowed differentiation based on the penetration depth of the carious lesions. This makes OCT a suitable method to complement conventional visual inspection in order to detect and assess (very) early lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Park
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Aline Voigt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schneider
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mitchell C, Zaku H, Milgrom P, Mancl L, Prince DB. The accuracy of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) in assessing caries lesion activity on root surfaces, around crown margins, and in furcations in older adults. BDJ Open 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33758162 PMCID: PMC7988107 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors conducted a case series to assess accuracy of DIAGNOdent (DD) in assessment of activity of dental caries lesions in root surfaces and in furcations and at crown margins. The study was a prospective, single center case series. The patients were 123 adults (age ≥ 55 years). To be included, a patient needed to have at least one active root caries lesion. The study was conducted at the Roseman College of Dental Medicine in South Jordan, Utah, USA and at area nursing homes. Lesions were rinsed and dried with air, and DD readings were obtained. Lesions were then isolated and 38% silver diamine fluoride was applied repeatedly for two minutes with a microbrush. DD readings and treatments were repeated every six months. Mean DD values were significantly different between active (unarrested) and inactive (arrested) caries for all comparisons, p-value < 0.0001. The optimal cut-off values for DD were between 20 and 35 except optimal cut-offs were higher for furcation and crown margin surfaces, particularly in the posterior (optimal cut-offs 40-45). This study demonstrates DD is a potentially valuable tool for assessing lesion activity in root surfaces, at restoration margins, and in furcations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Mitchell
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Hiba Zaku
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Peter Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lloyd Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B Prince
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sato H, Da Silva JD, Lee C, Yonemoto H, Kuwajima Y, Ohyama H, Lambert RF, Izumisawa M, Takahashi N, Nagai S. Effects of healthcare policy and education on reading accuracy of bitewing radiographs for interproximal caries. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200153. [PMID: 32795199 PMCID: PMC7860953 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of bitewing radiograph interpretation of predoctoral students, residents and general dentists who work under different core curriculum of dental education and healthcare policy. Methods A total of 118 examiners including predoctoral dental students, residents and general dentists from USA and Japan were tasked with evaluating a series of bitewing radiographs and diagnosing interproximal carious lesions. This study was approved by the Harvard Medical School Institutional Review Board (IRB). Participants graded interproximal aspects of those images and categorized the following criteria; “intact”, “enamel caries <1/2 width”, “enamel caries >1/2 width” or “caries into dentin”. The gold-standard was determined by the consensus of two HSDM full-time faculty. Results There was significant difference in the sensitivity for all three caries levels between the two groups but there was no significant difference on specificity. The positive-predictive and negative-predictive values of the USA group for the enamel caries (<1/2 of enamel) were significantly higher than the Japanese group. The average of AUC (ROC) was significantly higher in the USA group (0.885 ± 0.04) than the Japanese group (0.785 ± 0.08, p<0.01). Conclusion Teaching and adopting BW radiographs for diagnosis of interproximal caries is integral for dental providers to accurately and efficiently use them in their practices. It is critical that all dental educators approach policymakers to explain the importance of BW radiographs and promote their efficacy for prevention and early diagnosis of interproximal caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Research Collaborator, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John D Da Silva
- Associate Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cliff Lee
- Research Associate, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hisashi Yonemoto
- Research Collaborator, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yukinori Kuwajima
- Lecturer, Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ohyama
- Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Mitsuru Izumisawa
- Associate Professor, Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takahashi
- Lecturer, Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shigemi Nagai
- Associate Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, Fee PA, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D. Fluorescence devices for the detection of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 12:CD013811. [PMID: 33319353 PMCID: PMC8677328 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries is one of the most prevalent and preventable conditions worldwide. If identified early enough then non-invasive techniques can be applied, and therefore this review focusses on early caries involving the enamel surface of the tooth. The cornerstone of caries detection is a visual and tactile dental examination, however alternative methods of detection are available, and these include fluorescence-based devices. There are three categories of fluorescence-based device each primarily defined by the different wavelengths they exploit; we have labelled these groups as red, blue, and green fluorescence. These devices could support the visual examination for the detection and diagnosis of caries at an early stage of decay. OBJECTIVES Our primary objectives were to estimate the diagnostic test accuracy of fluorescence-based devices for the detection and diagnosis of enamel caries in children or adults. We planned to investigate the following potential sources of heterogeneity: tooth surface (occlusal, proximal, smooth surface or adjacent to a restoration); single point measurement devices versus imaging or surface assessment devices; and the prevalence of more severe disease in each study sample, at the level of caries into dentine. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist undertook a search of the following databases: MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 30 May 2019); Embase Ovid (1980 to 30 May 2019); US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov, to 30 May 2019); and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (to 30 May 2019). We studied reference lists as well as published systematic review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy study designs that compared a fluorescence-based device with a reference standard. This included prospective studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of single index tests and studies that directly compared two or more index tests. Studies that explicitly recruited participants with caries into dentine or frank cavitation were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted data independently using a piloted study data extraction form based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported for each study. This information has been displayed as coupled forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) plots, displaying the sensitivity-specificity points for each study. We estimated diagnostic accuracy using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) methods. We reported sensitivities at fixed values of specificity (median 0.78, upper quartile 0.90). MAIN RESULTS We included a total of 133 studies, 55 did not report data in the 2 x 2 format and could not be included in the meta-analysis. 79 studies which provided 114 datasets and evaluated 21,283 tooth surfaces were included in the meta-analysis. There was a high risk of bias for the participant selection domain. The index test, reference standard, and flow and timing domains all showed a high proportion of studies to be at low risk of bias. Concerns regarding the applicability of the evidence were high or unclear for all domains, the highest proportion being seen in participant selection. Selective participant recruitment, poorly defined diagnostic thresholds, and in vitro studies being non-generalisable to the clinical scenario of a routine dental examination were the main reasons for these findings. The dominance of in vitro studies also means that the information on how the results of these devices are used to support diagnosis, as opposed to pure detection, was extremely limited. There was substantial variability in the results which could not be explained by the different devices or dentition or other sources of heterogeneity that we investigated. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 14.12 (95% CI 11.17 to 17.84). The estimated sensitivity, at a fixed median specificity of 0.78, was 0.70 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.75). In a hypothetical cohort of 1000 tooth sites or surfaces, with a prevalence of enamel caries of 57%, obtained from the included studies, the estimated sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.78 would result in 171 missed tooth sites or surfaces with enamel caries (false negatives) and 95 incorrectly classed as having early caries (false positives). We used meta-regression to compare the accuracy of the different devices for red fluorescence (84 datasets, 14,514 tooth sites), blue fluorescence (21 datasets, 3429 tooth sites), and green fluorescence (9 datasets, 3340 tooth sites) devices. Initially, we allowed threshold, shape, and accuracy to vary according to device type by including covariates in the model. Allowing consistency of shape, removal of the covariates for accuracy had only a negligible effect (Chi2 = 3.91, degrees of freedom (df) = 2, P = 0.14). Despite the relatively large volume of evidence we rated the certainty of the evidence as low, downgraded two levels in total, for risk of bias due to limitations in the design and conduct of the included studies, indirectness arising from the high number of in vitro studies, and inconsistency due to the substantial variability of results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is considerable variation in the performance of these fluorescence-based devices that could not be explained by the different wavelengths of the devices assessed, participant, or study characteristics. Blue and green fluorescence-based devices appeared to outperform red fluorescence-based devices but this difference was not supported by the results of a formal statistical comparison. The evidence base was considerable, but we were only able to include 79 studies out of 133 in the meta-analysis as estimates of sensitivity or specificity values or both could not be extracted or derived. In terms of applicability, any future studies should be carried out in a clinical setting, where difficulties of caries assessment within the oral cavity include plaque, staining, and restorations. Other considerations include the potential of fluorescence devices to be used in combination with other technologies and comparative diagnostic accuracy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macey
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Riley
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick A Fee
- Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Janet E Clarkson
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miyamoto N, Adachi T, Boschetto F, Zanocco M, Yamamoto T, Marin E, Somekawa S, Ashida R, Zhu W, Kanamura N, Nishimura I, Pezzotti G. Molecular Fingerprint Imaging to Identify Dental Caries Using Raman Spectroscopy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214900. [PMID: 33142858 PMCID: PMC7662967 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tooth loss impairs mastication, deglutition and esthetics and affects systemic health through nutritional deficiency, weight loss, muscle weakness, delayed wound healing, and bone fragility. Approximately 90% of tooth loss is due to dental caries and periodontal disease. Accordingly, early treatment of dental caries is essential to maintaining quality of life. To date, the clinical diagnosis of dental caries has been based on each dentist’s subjective assessment, but this visual method lacks objectivity. To improve diagnostic ability, highly sensitive quantitative methods have been developed for the diagnosis and prevention of dental caries and are gradually becoming a mandatory item in modern dentistry. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy is a suitable tool for recognizing the subtle structural changes that occur in dental enamel in already developed or, more importantly, incipient dental caries. Raman analysis could soon emerge as a breakthrough in dentistry because of its high diagnostic sensitivity. In this study, we build upon our previous findings in a new analysis of dental caries using Raman spectroscopy imaging and discuss the possibility of using Raman photonic imaging in support of objective diagnostics in dentistry. Our findings support the Raman method of caries detection in comparison with other conventional or new approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Miyamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
- Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
- Dentistry, Kyoto Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital for Mentally and Physically Disabled, Naka Ashihara, Johyo City, Kyoto 610-0113, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (G.P.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5641 (T.A.); +81-75-724-7568 (G.P.)
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Matteo Zanocco
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shota Somekawa
- ShinSei Co., Ltd., Hiramori Okubo-cho, Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0033, Japan; (S.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Ryutaro Ashida
- ShinSei Co., Ltd., Hiramori Okubo-cho, Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0033, Japan; (S.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (N.M.); (F.B.); (T.Y.); (E.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Re-constructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Re-constructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (G.P.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5641 (T.A.); +81-75-724-7568 (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sürme K, Kara NB, Yilmaz Y. In Vitro Evaluation of Occlusal Caries Detection Methods in Primary and Permanent Teeth: A Comparison of CarieScan PRO, DIAGNOdent Pen, and DIAGNOcam Methods. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:105-111. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Sürme
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nihal Beldüz Kara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yücel Yilmaz
- Paediatric Dentistry, Private Dentist, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ro JH, Bang JJ, Kim YI, Lee DJ, Ko CC, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries autofluorescence obtained from different locations and caries severities. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900224. [PMID: 31568652 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries usually occurs at interproximal and occlusal surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to determine if characteristic spectral factors extracted from autofluorescence (AF) spectra are informative regarding caries detection and the determination of caries stage as compared with DIAGNOdent results. AF spectra were obtained from caries lesions of different severities at two locations using a 405 nm laser. Three spectral factors, that is, spectral slope at 550 to 600 nm, spectral area under the curve at 500 to 590 nm and two-peak ratio between 625 and 667 nm, were extracted. The values of three spectral factors linearly decreased as caries progressed. According to micro-CT images, conventional visual and tactile inspections of lesions under or overestimated (25%-65%) caries states, and brown or thickly stained layer on interproximal or occlusal surfaces, respectively, caused misclassifications of caries stage. Of the spectral factors examined, spectral slope and area under curve for interproximal and occlusal surfaces, respectively, were found to be significantly related to caries stage and showed least data overlap. For interproximal and occlusal surfaces, DIAGNOdent readings of different stages overlapped considerably though their mean values were significantly different regardless of stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Ro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - John J Bang
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- School of Dentistry, NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tassoker M, Ozcan S, Karabekiroglu S. Occlusal Caries Detection and Diagnosis Using Visual ICDAS Criteria, Laser Fluorescence Measurements, and Near-Infrared Light Transillumination Images. Med Princ Pract 2020; 29:25-31. [PMID: 31158839 PMCID: PMC7024861 DOI: 10.1159/000501257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current diagnostic tools for non-cavitated occlusal caries are not very reliable. For this reason, newer systems need to be developed. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of visual inspection (ICDAS-II), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent pen), and the near-infrared transillumination technique (DIAGNOcam) in the detection of non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions under clinical and laboratory conditions in 90 third molar teeth planned for extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety third molar teeth were firstly examined in clinical conditions, scored according to ICDAS-II criteria, and examined with DIAGNOdent pen and DIAGNOcam devices. After finishing the clinical examination, the teeth were re-evaluated shortly after the extractions with the same methods. Then, the teeth were sectioned for histological validation according to Downer's criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated based on the histological results. RESULTS For the D0-D1-4 threshold, the area under the ROC curve values ranged between 0.754 and 0.881 for all systems. Sensitivity values ranged between 80.5 and 96.1%, and specificity values ranged between 61.5 and 84.6% for the three caries detection methods. DIAGNOcam had the best correlation value (0.616) according to histological observations and demonstrated a sensitivity rate of 96.1%, a specificity rate of 61.5%, and an accuracy rate of 91.1%. CONCLUSIONS DIAGNOcam was found to be the most effective method for the diagnosis of occlusal caries without cavitation in permanent molar teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tassoker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey,
| | - Sevgi Ozcan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Said Karabekiroglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Taneja V, Nekkanti S, Gupta K, Hassija J. Remineralization Potential of Theobromine on Artificial Carious Lesions. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:576-583. [PMID: 32039078 PMCID: PMC6905311 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_265_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the remineralization potential of two concentrations of theobromine (100 mg/L and 200 mmg/L) with fluoridated dentifrice, NovaMin, and nanohydroxyapatite using DIAGNOdent, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Materials and Methods: Two sections were taken from 50 teeth each. Artificial carious lesions were induced using demineralizing solution. Evaluation using DIAGNOdent, SEM, and EDX analysis for elemental evaluation of Ca/P ratio and fluoride ion was carried out. Teeth sections were then randomly assigned to five different groups: (1) fluoridated dentifrice (Colgate™, Colgate –Palmolive, India), Novamine- Shy NM™, Group pharamaceuticals, India), 3. Nano-hydroxyapatite- Remin Pro™, Voco, Germany) 4. 100mg and 5. 200mg of Theobromine toothpaste (Theodent classic™, Rennou, UK-853069003006). Remineralization was carried out for 14 days with two applications per day. Samples were reanalyzed using DIAGNOdent, SEM, and EDX. Results: A Tukey post-hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between NovaMin and all the other toothpastes (P < 0.001) for DIAGNOdent readings. On performing SEM-EDX analysis, it was seen that all agents had remineralization potential; however, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: Theobromine can be used as an effective novel remineralizing agent alternative to the already-available agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vani Taneja
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sridhar Nekkanti
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanishk Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Hassija
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ishida Y, Miyasaka T, Aoki H, Aoyagi Y, Kawai T, Asaumi R, Miura D. Effect of resin composite filler on digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:839-844. [PMID: 31366766 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a trans-illumination device that applies digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI) technology, which involves the use of transmitted near-infrared laser light for inspection, the effect of composite resin (CR) restoration of a tooth on caries detection was evaluated. A cavity was formed in a tooth of the lower jaw cut from the specimen, experimental CRs with various filler rates were filled, and the influence of the filler on the obtained image was investigated. On the near-infrared images, the lightness differences between the CR-restored portion and the tooth portion were measured. The translucency parameter (TP) value and the correlation between the lightness differences and TP value of the CRs were investigated. The experimental results showed that the greater rate of macro-filler is, the lighter image and larger TP value. In other words, CR with hybrid filler to increase the TP value is less likely to affect caries detection by DIFOTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishida
- Department of Life Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University.,Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Taira Miyasaka
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Harumi Aoki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Yusuke Aoyagi
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Taisuke Kawai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Rieko Asaumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta N, Sandhu M, Sachdev V, Jhingan P. Comparison of Visual Examination and Magnification with DIAGNOdent for Detection of Smooth Surface Initial Carious Lesion-Dry and Wet Conditions. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:37-41. [PMID: 31496570 PMCID: PMC6710936 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and reliability of magnification, DIAGNOdent in detection of smooth surface white spot lesions. Study design Three hundred children aged 5–10 years were examined by two examiners for presence of smooth surface white spot lesions using naked eye and magnifying loupes in wet and dry conditions followed by DIAGNOdent analysis. Data was analysed using Cohen's kappa coefficient, Friedman test and Paired t test. Accuracy was assessed by sensitivity and positive predicted values. Results Significant difference was found between naked eyes and magnifying loupes with and without air drying. While insignificant difference was found between DIAGNOdent and loupes. Conclusion Magnifying loupes with air drying is an effective method in detection of smooth surface white spot lesion. Clinical significance With the increased knowledge about the pathogenesis of dental caries and its ability to be remineralisable if detected early, makes it all the more important for the clinician to be vigilant in detection of early lesion to prevent the avoidable restorative approach for the same. Incorporation of magnification to routine dental examination by general dentist can help in early diagnosis and treatment of dental decay. This could prevent further progression of dental caries and reduces the incidence of tooth decay How to cite this article Gupta N, Sandhu M, et al. Comparison of Visual Examination and Magnification with DIAGNOdent for Detection of Smooth Surface Initial Carious Lesion—Dry and Wet Conditions. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):37–41.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meera Sandhu
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkit Jhingan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ng C, Almaz EC, Simon JC, Fried D, Darling CL. Near-infrared imaging of demineralization on the occlusal surfaces of teeth without the interference of stains. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 30834721 PMCID: PMC6975183 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most new caries lesions are found in the pits and fissures of the occlusal surface. Radiographs have extremely low sensitivity for early occlusal decay, and by the time the lesion is severe enough to appear on a radiograph, it typically has penetrated well into the dentin and surgical intervention is required. The occlusal surfaces are often heavily stained, and visual and tactile detection have poor sensitivity and specificity. Previous near-infrared imaging studies at wavelengths beyond 1300 nm have demonstrated that stains are not visible and demineralization on the occlusal surfaces can be viewed without interference from stains. The objective of our study is to determine how the contrast between sound and lesion areas on occlusal surfaces varies with wavelength from the visible to 2350 nm and determine to what degree stains interfere with that contrast. The lesion contrast for reflectance is measured in 55 extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions from 400 to 2350 nm employing silicon and indium gallium arsenide imaging arrays. In addition, the lesion contrast is measured on 25 extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions from 400 to 1600 nm in reflectance and from 830 to 1400 nm in transillumination before and after stains are removed using a ultrasonic scaler. The highest lesion contrast in reflectance is measured at wavelengths >1700 nm. Stains interfere significantly at wavelengths <1150 nm (400 to 1150) for both reflectance and transillumination measurements. Our study suggests that the optimum wavelengths for imaging decay in the occlusal surfaces are >1700 nm for reflectance (1700 to 2350 nm) and near 1300 nm (1250 to 1350 nm) for transillumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ng
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Elias C. Almaz
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jacob C. Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Daniel Fried, E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sardana D, Zhang J, Ekambaram M, Yang Y, McGrath CP, Yiu CK. Effectiveness of professional fluorides against enamel white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2019; 82:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
34
|
Takahashi N, Lee C, Da Silva JD, Ohyama H, Roppongi M, Kihara H, Hatakeyama W, Ishikawa-Nagai S, Izumisawa M. A comparison of diagnosis of early stage interproximal caries with bitewing radiographs and periapical images using consensus reference. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 48:20170450. [PMID: 30222021 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic property of intraoral bitewing radiographs (BTW) for early stage interproximal caries, and to compare them with periapical radiographs (PA) at different levels of caries progression. METHODS: A total of 241 interproximal surfaces of BTW and corresponding PAs were used. Seven teaching faculty consisting of three oral and maxillofacial radiologists, two operative faculty, and two prosthodontists evaluated the images. The observers graded images as either "intact", "enamel caries <1/2 width", "enamel caries >1/2 width", or "caries into dentin". The gold-standard was established by consensus of two experienced faculty with 35 years and 27 years of experience. Specificity, sensitivity, positive-predictive value, and negative-predictive value were calculated for the different level of caries progression. Furthermore, receiver operating curves) of BTW and PAs of each evaluator were made and the area under the curve of BTW and PAs were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the specificity of BTW and PAs. BTW showed significantly higher sensitivity than PAs in all levels of caries progression (p<0.01). Positive-predictive value and negative-predictive value of BTWs were also significantly higher than PAs. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed a significant difference in sensitivity with different levels of caries progression. The average area under the curve was significantly higher for BTWs than PAs (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: BTWs offer a significant advantage over PAs in the diagnoses of early stages of interproximal carious lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Takahashi
- 1 Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Cliff Lee
- 2 Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA.,3 University California, School of Dentistry , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | | | - Hiroe Ohyama
- 2 Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Motoi Roppongi
- 1 Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | - Hidemichi Kihara
- 1 Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Izumisawa
- 1 Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine , Morioka , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Raghis T, Mahmoud G, Abdullah A, Hamadah O. Enamel resistance to demineralisation around orthodontic brackets after CO2 laser irradiation: a randomised clinical trial. J Orthod 2018; 45:234-242. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1504410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuqa Raghis
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ghiath Mahmoud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Omar Hamadah
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus, Syria
- Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications, Damascus, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ng C, Simon JC, Fried D, Darling CL. SWIR reflectance imaging of demineralization on the occlusal surfaces of teeth beyond 1700 nm. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 10473:104730U. [PMID: 30686852 PMCID: PMC6345412 DOI: 10.1117/12.2296030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Most new lesions are found in the pits and fissures of the occlusal surface. Radiographs have extremely low sensitivity for early occlusal decay and by the time the lesion is severe enough on a radiograph it typically has penetrated well into the dentin and surgical intervention is required. The occlusal surfaces are heavily stained and visual and tactile methods for their detection also have poor sensitivity and specificity. Previous studies at wavelengths beyond 1300-nm have demonstrated that stains are not visible and demineralization on the occlusal surfaces can be viewed without interference from stains. New extended range InGaAs near-IR cameras allow access to wavelengths beyond 1700-nm. The objective of this study was to determine how the contrast of occlusal lesions varies with wavelength from the visible to 2350-nm. The lesion contrast was measured in 55 extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions using reflectance measurements from 400-2350-nm using Si and InGaAs imaging arrays. The highest lesion contrast in reflectance was measured at wavelengths greater than 1700-nm. Stains interfered significantly at wavelengths shorter than 1150-nm. This study indicates that the optimum wavelengths for reflectance imaging decay in the occlusal surfaces are greater than 1700-nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ng
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jacob C Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ko CC, Yi DH, Lee DJ, Kwon J, Garcia-Godoy F, Kwon YH. Diagnosis and staging of caries using spectral factors derived from the blue laser-induced autofluorescence spectrum. J Dent 2017; 67:77-83. [PMID: 28993243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the factors derived from the 405nm laser-induced autofluorescence (AF) spectra that could be used to diagnose and stage caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teeth (20 teeth per stage) were classified as sound, stage II, III, and IV based on a visual and tactile inspection. The specimens were re-examined and reclassified based on micro-CT analysis. From the teeth, the AF was obtained using a 405nm laser. Three spectral factors (spectral slope at 550-600nm, area under the curve at 500-590nm, and two-peak ratio between 625 and 667nm) were derived from the AF spectra. Using these factors, the diagnosis and staging of caries were tested, and the results were compared with those of DIAGNOdent. RESULTS After micro-CT analysis, only 13, 11, and 13 teeth were reclassified as stages II, III, and IV, respectively. The reclassified groups showed less data overlap between the stages, and the spectral slope was 40.1-74.6, 27.5-39.6, 11.1-27.4, and 1.0-9.7 for sound, stage II, III, and IV, respectively. The differentiation of stages III and IV using DIAGNOdent appeared to be difficult due to the considerable data overlap. CONCLUSION Among the factors tested, the spectral slope at 550-600nm showed the best match with the caries specimens, in which their stage had been identified precisely. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The 405nm laser-induced AF spectra can be applied to the diagnosis and staging of caries alone or in conjunction with conventional methods, such as visual, tactile, and X-ray inspection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong-Ho Yi
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jane Kwon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Anauate-Netto C, Borelli L, Amore R, DI Hipólito V, D'Alpino PHP. Caries progression in non-cavitated fissures after infiltrant application: a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:442-454. [PMID: 28877284 PMCID: PMC5595118 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a conservative treatment to prevent the progression of caries using an infiltrant on non-cavitated pit and fissures. Material and Methods This controlled clinical trial selected 23 volunteers with clinically and radiographically non-cavitated occlusal caries among patients presenting a “rather low” to “very high” caries risk. Eighty-six teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups: teeth receiving a commercial pit-and-fissure sealant (Alpha Seal-DFL) and contralateral teeth receiving Icon infiltrant (DMG). Caries progression was monitored by clinical (laser fluorescence caries detection) and radiographic examination at 12-month intervals over a period of 3 years of monitored caries progression. Probing the sealing materials to detect areas of retention was also used to evaluate marginal integrity. Results Statistical analysis showed no difference in caries progression using laser fluorescence caries detection when both materials were compared, regardless of the evaluation times (p>0.05). No significance was observed when the marginal sealant integrity of both materials was compared, regardless of the evaluation time (p<0.05). Marginal integrity significantly reduced after 1 year for both materials (p<0.05), but remained stable after 2 and 3 years of evaluation, compared with 1-year results (p>0.05). SEM analysis exhibited a more homogeneous sealing for the infiltrant than obtained by the sealant. Conclusions The infiltrant was effective to prevent the caries progression in non-cavitated pit-and-fissures after 3 years of clinical evaluation, comparable with the conventional sealant. The infiltrant also presented better results in terms of caries progression at the 3-year evaluation time using the radiographic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Amore
- Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Curso de Odontologia, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brasil
| | - Vinicius DI Hipólito
- Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo, Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia e Inovação em Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Msallam FA, Grawish MEA, Hafez AM, Abdelnaby YL. Decalcification prevention around orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached enamel using different topical agents. Prog Orthod 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28580541 PMCID: PMC5466901 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-017-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different topical agents utilized for prevention of enamel decalcification around orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached and non-bleached enamel. METHODS Human maxillary premolars (n = 120) were divided into two equal groups. Teeth in group I were left without bleaching while those in group II were bleached with Vivastyle gel. Metal brackets were bonded to all the teeth using light-cured adhesive. Each group was divided into six equal subgroups (A, B, C, D, E, and F). In subgroup A, no material was applied (control). In subgroups B, C, D, E, and F, the following materials were applied respectively: Profluorid varnish, Enamel Pro Varnish, Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat, GC Tooth Mousse, and GC MI Paste Plus. All teeth were cycled in a demineralization solution/artificial saliva for 15 days. Laser fluorescence was used to measure the level of enamel mineralization. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Regarding the non-bleaching subgroups, all studied material revealed significant demineralization reduction in comparison to the control subgroup (P < 0.05). Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat revealed the highest significant effect while GC Tooth Mousse showed the least effect. In bleached subgroups, Profluorid varnish, Enamel Pro Varnish, and Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat significantly reduced demineralization (P < 0.05) while either GC MI Paste Plus or GC Tooth Mousse had no significant effects (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat, and Profluorid and Enamel Pro varnishes could be utilized successfully to reduce enamel demineralization around brackets bonded to either bleached or non-bleached enamel. GC MI Paste Plus and GC Tooth Mousse were effective only in non-bleached enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ahmed Msallam
- Department of Orthodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya. .,Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmad Mohammed Hafez
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Simon JC, Kang H, Staninec M, Jang AT, Chan KH, Darling CL, Lee RC, Fried D. Near-IR and CP-OCT imaging of suspected occlusal caries lesions. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:215-224. [PMID: 28339115 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiographic methods have poor sensitivity for occlusal lesions and by the time the lesions are radiolucent they have typically progressed deep into the dentin. New more sensitive imaging methods are needed to detect occlusal lesions. In this study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) and near-IR imaging were used to image questionable occlusal lesions (QOC's) that were not visible on radiographs but had been scheduled for restoration on 30 test subjects. METHODS Near-IR reflectance and transillumination probes incorporating a high definition InGaAs camera and near-IR broadband light sources were used to acquire images of the lesions before restoration. The reflectance probe utilized cross-polarization and operated at wavelengths from 1,500 to 1,700 nm where there is an increase in water absorption for higher contrast. The transillumination probe was operated at 1,300 nm where the transparency of enamel is highest. Tomographic images (6 × 6 × 7 mm3 ) of the lesions were acquired using a high-speed swept-source CP-OCT system operating at 1,300 nm before and after removal of the suspected lesion. RESULTS Near-IR reflectance imaging at 1,500-1,700 nm yielded significantly higher contrast (P < 0.05) of the demineralization in the occlusal grooves compared with visible reflectance imaging. Stains in the occlusal grooves greatly reduced the lesion contrast in the visible range yielding negative values. Only half of the 26 lesions analyzed showed the characteristic surface demineralization and increased reflectivity below the dentinal-enamel junction (DEJ) in 3D OCT images indicative of penetration of the lesion into the dentin. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that near-IR imaging methods have great potential for improving the early diagnosis of occlusal lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:215-224, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | - Hobin Kang
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | - Michal Staninec
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | - Andrew T Jang
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | - Kenneth H Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | | | - Robert C Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0758
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Iranzo-Cortés JE, Terzic S, Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Silla JM. Diagnostic validity of ICDAS and DIAGNOdent combined: an in vitro study in pre-cavitated lesions. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:543-548. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
42
|
In Vitro Assessment of Enamel Permeability in Primary Teeth with and without Early Childhood Caries Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 40:215-20. [PMID: 27472569 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the permeability of the enamel of primary teeth from individuals free of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) with that from individuals affected with ECC by assessment of dye penetration using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). STUDY DESIGN Experimental in vitro study. Exfoliated primary maxillary anterior teeth (n = 44) were collected and divided into two groups (n=22 per group): samples with ECC (Group 1) and without ECC (Group 2). The samples were immersed in Rhodamine B dye solution for 1 day, cut longitudinally into 3 sections, observed using LSCM. Dye penetration depths in the incisal, middle, cervical thirds and on labial, lingual surfaces were recorded. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%, p < .005). RESULTS The overall mean penetration depth for group 1 (100.6 μm ± 58.48 μm) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (31.55 μm ± 23.40 μm, p < .000). Mean penetration depth in the incisal, middle, and cervical thirds and on the labial and lingual surfaces of group 1 also presented significantly higher scores than in group 2 (p < .005). CONCLUSION There was significantly more dye penetration in the ECC group than in the non-ECC group. This could be related to a higher level of enamel permeability in teeth affected with ECC.
Collapse
|
43
|
Effectiveness of Air Drying and Magnification Methods for Detecting Initial Caries on Occlusal Surfaces Using Three Different Diagnostic Aids. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 40:221-6. [PMID: 27472570 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective-The aim of this study was to assess the effect of magnification and air-drying on detection of carious lesion. Study Design-44 human extracted premolars were selected with sound occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation. The Diagnostic techniques used were Unaided visual examination, Magnifying Loupes (4.2×) and Stereomicroscope (10×, before and after air-drying) and then the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and both the surfaces were examined under Stereomicroscope (50×) to assess the presence or absence of carious lesion in the pit and fissures. The scores were compared to obtain Cohen's kappa coefficient (Reproducibility) and subjected to the Friedman Test and Paired t test. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value used to assess accuracy. Results-On Statistical analysis, visual examination before and after air drying had highest specificity but lowest sensitivity compared to different diagnostic techniques. Magnifying loupes after air-drying had highest sensitivity and lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. Conclusion-Air drying combined with magnifying aids are cost-effective, reliable method for detection of early carious lesion. If used in pediatric clinical practice, any undesirable pain and discomfort to the patient due to invasive procedures and helps in employing preventive measures.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Children from low-income families are more likely to have dental disease and less likely to have regular dental care. Children’s dental-related illnesses are responsible for more than 880,000 lost school days each year. The lack of reliable state-level data often makes monitoring the oral health of children a challenge. By conducting oral health screenings, school nurses could promote prevention and early identification of dental problems and could aid in the collection of data. This innovative project used a convenience sample of students to test a caries detection device. Children in Grades 3 and 6 ( n = 2,622) received oral health screening by the school nurse using a noninvasive laser fluorescent dental device. Findings revealed that 82% of students referred to the dentists received dental care. School nurses can contribute to improving the oral health status of the school-age population by early detection of dental caries and referrals for a dental evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Tetuan
- Stormont Vail Health Care, Cotton O'Neil Clinic, Topeka, KS, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bizhang M, Wollenweber N, Singh-Hüsgen P, Danesh G, Zimmer S. Pen-type laser fluorescence device versus bitewing radiographs for caries detection on approximal surfaces. Head Face Med 2016; 12:30. [PMID: 27809872 PMCID: PMC5095970 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-016-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accurate detection of approximal caries is generally difficult. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the pen-type laser fluorescence device (LF pen) to detect approximal carious lesions in comparison to bitewing radiographs (BW). Methods Three hundred forty-one tooth surfaces were diagnosed in 20 patients with an average age of 26.70 (±2.82) years. Each test tooth was sequentially assessed by a single calibrated examiner using visual inspection, BW, and the LF pen. Radiographs were used as the gold standard to calculate an appropriate cut-off. Results Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values for cut-off limits of 15, measured by the LF pen were compared using the chi2 test (McNemar test). For approximal caries at D3 level, the highest values of specificity and sensitivity were observed for the LF pen at a cut-off value of 15 (96.8 and 83.0 %) and for visual inspection (99.3 and 4.3 %). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, dentin caries on approximal surfaces could be detected equally well by the LF pen as by the bitewing radiographs. Therefore, the LF pen can be recommended as an alternative to radiographs for the detection of approximal caries in a regular dental practice setting. Trial registration DRKS00004817 on DRKS on 12th March 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bizhang
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany.
| | - N Wollenweber
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - P Singh-Hüsgen
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontics, Heinrich-Hein University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - G Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - S Zimmer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rosa MI, Schambeck VS, Dondossola ER, Alexandre MC, Tuon L, Grande AJ, Hugo F. Laser fluorescence of caries detection in permanent teeth in vitro: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2016; 9:213-224. [PMID: 27792279 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The detection of dental caries in the early stages, particularly on the occlusal surfaces, has become a mainstay of contemporary clinical practice. The objective of the study was to verify the accuracy of laser fluorescence for caries detection. METHODS A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Congress Abstracts, and Grey literature databases was undertaken from 1980 through January 2016. We included cross-sectional studies that evaluated laser fluorescence in caries diagnoses in vitro and compared them with histological analyses. RESULTS A total of 39 articles were included in the meta-analysis, which included 2082 caries sites. The pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (0.69, 0.73), and the specificity was 0.81 (0.73, 0.82). The diagnostic odds ratio was 14.93 (11.2, 19.9). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. The area under the curve was 0.865. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that laser fluorescence in vitro had the ability to diagnose occlusal caries lesions in permanent teeth and enamel and dentin caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Rosa
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vilson S Schambeck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Dondossola
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Cm Alexandre
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Tuon
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Grande
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hugo
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Ringgold standard institution Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Silvertown JD, Wong BPY, Abrams SH, Sivagurunathan KS, Mathews SM, Amaechi BT. Comparison of The Canary System and DIAGNOdent for the in vitro detection of caries under opaque dental sealants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen H. Abrams
- Quantum Dental Technologies; Toronto ON Canada
- Cliffcrest Dental Office; Scarborough ON Canada
| | | | - Sapna M. Mathews
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kang H, Darling CL, Fried D. Enhancement of OCT images with vinyl polysiloxane (VPS). PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9692. [PMID: 27011417 DOI: 10.1117/12.2218649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to measure the remaining enamel thickness and detect the location of subsurface lesions hidden under the sound enamel. Moreover studies have shown that high refractive index liquids can be used to improve the visibility of subsurface lesions in OCT images. In this study, we demonstrate that vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials which are routinely used in dentistry can be used to enhance the detection of dentinal lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces. Lesion presence was confirmed with polarized light microscopy and microradiography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hobin Kang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Son SA, Jung KH, Ko CC, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries-related autofluorescence spectra and their use for diagnosis of caries stage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15001. [PMID: 26747473 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Son
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jung
- Kookmin University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Ajlal S. Applications of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Lasers) for Restorative Dentistry. Med Princ Pract 2015; 25:201-11. [PMID: 26642047 PMCID: PMC5588377 DOI: 10.1159/000443144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) has been used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (e.g. caries detection) and operative applications (e.g. tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser applications are patient comfort, pain relief and better results for specific applications. Major concerns for using dental lasers frequently are high cost, need for specialized training and sensitivity of the technique, thereby compromising its usefulness particularly in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and summarize the applications of lasers in restorative dentistry, including a comparison of the applications of lasers for major restorative dental procedures and conventional clinical approaches. A remarkable increase in the use of lasers for dental application is expected in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Taibah University College of Dentistry, Medina, Riyadh
| | - Syed Ajlal
- Department of Applied Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|