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Liu T, Zhou Z, Tian X, Liu W, Xu D, Fan Y, Liao J, Gu S, Li X, Zhou R. A recombinant trivalent vaccine candidate against human adenovirus types 3, 7, and 55. Vaccine 2018; 36:2199-2206. [PMID: 29548605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses types 3 (HAdV-3), 7 (HAdV-7) and 55 (HAdV-55) are major pathogens of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children and adults. More than one type of HAdV can infect patients simultaneously, and the infections are sometimes fatal. However, there is currently no vaccine approved for general use in children and adults. Thus, development of a multivalent HAdV vaccine to combat HAdV infection becomes imperative. In this study, we constructed a new recombinant trivalent human adenovirus vaccine (rAdMHE3-h55), which expresses the hexon protein of HAdV-55 in the E3 region of rAdMHE3, a previously prepared bivalent vaccine candidate against HAdV-3 and HAdV-7. The results of in vitro neutralization assays indicate that rAdMHE3-h55 can induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against HAdV-3, HAdV-7, and HAdV-55 in mice. Furthermore, immunization with the recombinant trivalent vaccine candidate completely protected the mice challenged with HAdV-3, HAdV-7, orHAdV-55, respectively, showing lower lung viral loads and less lung Pathological changes was compared with those in unvaccinated mice. The current findings contribute to the development of a new adenovirus vaccine candidate and also advance this construction method for the generation of recombinant adenovirus vaccines. In conclusion, our recombinant trivalent vaccine rAdMHE3-h55 can provides protection against challenge with HAdV-3, HAdV-7, or HAdV-55 in mice. Future work of optimizing this vaccine candidate may lead to a more effective way of preventing respiratory diseases caused by common human adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Zhou J, Ma P, Li J, Song W. Comparative analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying α-fetoprotein gene or cancer cell lysate. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3174-80. [PMID: 25484119 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and difficult to treat types of cancer worldwide. Antigen‑targeted immunotherapy has the potential to be a novel and effective adjuvant for use in HCC. In the present study, recombinant adeno‑associated virus carrying the α‑fetoprotein gene (rAAV/AFP) and cancer cell lysates were used to pulse antigen‑presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in order to stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HCC. rAAV/AFP‑pulsed and cancer cell lysate‑pulsed DCs resulted in a mature DC phenotype with high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, CD80, CD83 and CD86 molecules. However, rAAV/AFP‑pulsed DCs exhibited superiority over cancer cell lysate‑pulsed DCs in terms of stimulating proliferation of T cells, activating T cells to secret interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ) and inducing an AFP‑specific MHC class I‑restricted CTL response. The current data suggest that pulsing of DCs using rAAV/AFP is more effective than the cancer cell lysate‑pulsing technique, and that this technique may be used for the development of immunotherapy in AFP‑positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Opthalmology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Garritsen HS, Macke L, Meyring W, Hannig H, Pägelow U, Wörmann B, Geffers R, Dittmar KE, Lindenmaier W. Efficient generation of clinical-grade genetically modified dendritic cells for presentation of multiple tumor-associated proteins. Transfusion 2010; 50:831-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhou J, Weng D, Zhou F, Pan K, Song H, Wang Q, Wang H, Wang H, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang H, Huang W, Xia J. Patient-derived renal cell carcinoma cells fused with allogeneic dendritic cells elicit anti-tumor activity: in vitro results and clinical responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1587-97. [PMID: 19221746 PMCID: PMC11030900 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to be susceptible to immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. In the present study, patient-derived tumor cells were fused with allogeneic dendritic cells (DC) to elicit anti-tumor activity against RCC. DC from HLA-A2+ healthy donors were fused with primary RCC cells from ten patients. Phenotype of fusion cells were characterized by flow cytometer and confocal microscopy. In vitro, T cell proliferation, IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity elicited by allogeneic DC/RCC fusion cells were assessed. Clinically, ten patients were vaccinated with allogeneic DC/RCC fusion vaccine. The adverse effects and toxicity were observed. The clinical response was evaluated by CT scans. After fusion, the created hybrids expressed both tumor associated antigen and DC-derived molecules and could stimulate the proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion of T cells as well as elicit strong CTL activity against RCC cells in vitro. In vivo, no serious adverse effects, toxicity, or signs of autoimmune disease were observed after vaccination therapy. Percentage of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients was increased significantly. One of ten patients exhibited a partial response with regression of lung metastases. Six patients showed stable disease with stabilization of previously progressive disease (follow up 1.5 years). The PR and SD responses, exhibited by 7/10 patients who received the allogeneic DC/RCC fusion vaccine treatment, suggest that this approach is safe and can elicit immunological responses in a significant portion of patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huakun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biotherapy Center, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Chiriva-Internati M, You C, Luo R, You H, Prasad CK, Grizzi F, Cobos E, Klimberg VS, Kay H, Mehta JL, Hermonat PL. Use and specificity of breast cancer antigen/milk protein BA46 for generating anti-self-cytotoxic T lymphocytes by recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene loading of dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 12:304-12. [PMID: 15565181 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-targeted immunotherapy is an emerging treatment for breast cancer. However, useful breast cancer antigens are only found in a subset of cancer patients. BA46, also known as lactadherin, is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that is expressed in most breast cancer cells but not in general hematopoietic cell populations. Moreover, it is much more difficult to generate CTLs against self-antigens. We wished to determine if the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) type 2 vectors for gene-loading of dendritic cells (DCs) could generate rapid, effective cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against BA46. We were able to demonstrate that AAV/BA46/Neo-loading of DCs resulted in: (1) BA46 expression in DCs, (2) chromosomal integration of the AAV/BA46/Neo vector within DCs, (3) strong, rapid BA46-specific, MHC class I-restricted CTLs in only 1 week, (4) T-cell populations with significant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression but low IL-4 expression, (5) high CD80 and CD86 expression in DCs, and (6) high CD8:CD4 and CD8:CD56 T cell ratios. These data suggest that rAAV-loading of DCs may be useful for immunotherapeutic protocols against self-antigens in addition to viral antigens and that the BA46 antigen is potentially appropriate for cell-mediated immunotherapeutic protocols addressing ductal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Beckebaum S, Cicinnati VR, Gerken G. DNA-based immunotherapy: potential for treatment of chronic viral hepatitis? Rev Med Virol 2002; 12:297-319. [PMID: 12211043 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persistent HBV and HCV infection represent major causes of chronic liver disease with a high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional protein-based vaccines are highly efficacious in preventing HBV infection; whereas in therapeutic settings with chronically infected patients, results have been disappointing. Prophylactic vaccination against HCV infection has not yet been achieved due to many impediments including frequent spontaneous mutations of the virus with escape from immune system control. Using animal models it has been demonstrated that DNA-based immunisation strategies may overcome this problem because of their potential to induce immunity against multiple viral epitopes. DNA-based vaccines mimic the effect of live attenuated viral vaccines, eliciting cell mediated immunity in addition to inducing humoral responses. Efficacy may further be improved by addition of DNA encoding immunomodulatory cytokines and more recently, direct genetic modulation of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), has been shown to increase antigen-specific immune responses. This review focuses on immunological aspects of chronic HBV and HCV infection and on the potential of DNA- and DC-based vaccines for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Beckebaum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Essen, Germany
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7
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Chiriva-Internati M, Liu Y, Salati E, Zhou W, Wang Z, Grizzi F, Roman JJ, Lim SH, Hermonat PL. Efficient generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against cervical cancer cells by adeno-associated virus/human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen gene transduction into dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:30-8. [PMID: 11754001 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200201)32:1<30::aid-immu30>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is able to efficiently deliver a cytokine gene into dendritic cells (DC). Improvements in T cell priming by DC might be effected by the delivery of antigen genes into DC, resulting in continuous protein expression, as most proteins have short half-lives. In this study, a recombinant AAV vector containing the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E7 gene was used to pulse/infect DC and compared to the pulsing of DC by the lipofection of bacterially produced E7 protein. Pulsing of DC with AAV/antigen (Ag) gene was found to be superior to pulsing with protein in six different assay systems: (1) the level of antigen transfer into DC as determined by intracellular staining; (2) the level of MHC class I-restricted killing in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays; (3) the level of IFN-gamma expression; (4) the level of DC-T cell priming clusters generated; (5) the level of CD80 and CD83 expression on DC; and (6) in the resulting CD8:CD4 ratio. Finally, AAV/Ag gene pulsing resulted in strong CTL activity after only 7 days of priming. These data suggest that AAV vectors may offer advantages over the commonly used protein-pulsing technique and that AAV vectors may be useful for the stimulation of CTL activity and adoptive immunotherapy protocols.
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8
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Liu Y, Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzi F, Salati E, Roman JJ, Lim S, Hermonat PL. Rapid induction of cytotoxic T-cell response against cervical cancer cells by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 antigen gene delivery into human dendritic cells by an adeno-associated virus vector. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:948-57. [PMID: 11781657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that the pulsing of dendritic cells (DCs) with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) antigen proteins by lipofection stimulates class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against primary cervical cancer cells. Also, we have shown that adeno-associated virus (AAV) was able to effectively deliver a cytokine gene into DCs. It has been our hypothesis that the delivery of antigen genes into DCs, resulting in endogenous and continuous antigen protein expression, may result in an improvement in T-cell priming by DCs. Here, DCs are pulsed (infected) with an AAV vector containing the HPV-16 E6 gene. After infection, transduced E6 gene mRNA expression and vector chromosomal integration could be identified in infected DCs. Furthermore, priming rosettes formed at early times when the AAV/E6 vector was used. Most importantly, AAV/E6 vector pulsing of DCs induced, after only 7 days of priming, a strong CTL response against primary cervical cancer cell lines, compared to bacterial E6 protein lipofection. Killing was significantly blocked by the addition of anti-MHC class I antibodies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of resulting primed cell populations revealed higher levels of CD8+ T cells by AAV-based pulsing, with little evidence of CD56 (NK). FACS analysis of the DC populations revealed that AAV/E6 vector-pulsed DCs had higher levels of CD80 and lower levels of CD86 than protein-pulsed DCs. These data suggest that rAAV may be appropriate for antigen pulsing of DCs for immunotherapy protocols. Finally, our protocol represents an advance in regards to the time needed for generating a CTL response compared to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang JK, Zhuo SH, Chen HB. Effect of a cancer vaccine prepared by fusions of hepatocarcinoma cells with dendritic cells. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:690-4. [PMID: 11819855 PMCID: PMC4695575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i5.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To prepare a cancer vaccine (H22-DC) expressing high levels of costimulatory molecules based on fusions of hepatocarcinoma cells (H22) with dendritic cells (DC) of mice and to analyze the biological characteristics and induction of specific CTL activity of H22-DC.
METHODS: DCs were isolated from murine spleen by metrizamide density gradient centrifugation, purified based on its characteristics of semi-adhesion to culture plates and FcR-, and were cultured in the medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4. A large number of DC were harvested. DCs were then fused with H22 cells by PEG and the fusion cells were marked with CD11c MicroBeads. The H22-DC was sorted with Mimi MACS sorter. The techniques of cell culture, immunocytochemistry and light microscopy were also used to test the characteristics of growth and morphology of H22-DC in vitro. As the immunogen, H22-DC was inoculated subcutaneously into the right armpit of BALB/C mice, and their tumorigenicity in vivo was observed. MTT was used to test the CTL activity of murine spleen in vitro.
RESULTS: DC cells isolated and generated were CD11c+ cells with irregular shape, and highly expressed CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules. H22 cells were CD11c- cells with spherical shape and bigger volume, and did not express CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules. H22-DC was CD11c+ cells with bigger volume, being spherical, flat or irregular in shape, and highly expressed CD80, CD86 and CD54 molecules, too. H22-DC was able to divide and proliferate in vitro, but its activity of proliferation was significantly decreased as compared with H22 cells and its growth curve was flatter than H22 cells. After subcutaneous inoculation over 60 d, H22-DC showed no tumorigenecity in mice, which was significantly different from control groups (P < 0.01). The spleen CTL activity against H22 cells in mice implanted with fresh H22-DC was significantly higher than control groups (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: H22-DC could significantly stimulate the specific CTL activity of murine spleen, which suggests that the fusion cells have already obtained the function of antigen presenting of parental DC and could present H22 specific antigen which has not been identified yet, and H22-DC could induce antitumor immune response; although simply mixed H22 cells with DC could stimulate the specific CTL activity which could inhibit the growth of tumor in some degree, it could not prevent the generation of tumor. It shows that the DC vaccine is likely to become a helpful approach in immunotherapy of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
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Abstract
The characterization of tumor-associated antigens recognized by human T lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted fashion has opened new possibilities for immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of human cancers. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that are well suited to activate T cells toward various antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens, due to their potent costimulatory activity. The availability of large numbers of DC, generated either from hematopoietic progenitor cells or monocytes in vitro or isolated from peripheral blood, has profoundly changed pre-clinical research as well as the clinical evaluation of these cells. Accordingly, appropriately pulsed or transfected DC may be used for vaccination in the field of infectious diseases or tumor immunotherapy to induce antigen-specific T cell responses. These observations led to pilot clinical trials of DC vaccination for patients with cancer in order to investigate the feasibility, safety, as well as the immunologic and clinical effects of this approach. Initial clinical studies of human DC vaccines are generating encouraging preliminary results demonstrating induction of tumor-specific immune responses and tumor regression. Nevertheless, much work is still needed to address several variables that are critical for optimizing this approach and to determine the role of DC-based vaccines in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Meidenbauer
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Gorczynski R, Bransom J, Cattral M, Huang X, Lei J, Min W, Wan Y, Gauldie J. Dendritic cells expressing TGFbeta/IL-10, and CHO cells with OX-2, increase graft survival. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1565-6. [PMID: 11267422 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The past year has witnessed the resolution of some long-standing enigmas surrounding the immunobiology of dendritic cells, illuminating their opposing roles in peripheral tolerance and allograft rejection. Nevertheless these advances have posed many new questions, the answers to which may subtly influence our approach to the treatment of rejection while bringing ever closer the prospect of donor-specific transplanation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.
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13
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Gorczynski RM, Bransom J, Cattral M, Huang X, Lei J, Xiaorong L, Min WP, Wan Y, Gauldie J. Synergy in induction of increased renal allograft survival after portal vein infusion of dendritic cells transduced to express TGFbeta and IL-10, along with administration of CHO cells expressing the regulatory molecule OX-2. Clin Immunol 2000; 95:182-9. [PMID: 10866124 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC), generated from C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow cells cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 9 days, were engineered to express constitutively the cytokines TGFbeta, IL-10, and IL-12, using adenovirus vectors constructed using an E1-deleted replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus carrying the appropriate cDNA for the relevant cytokines (Ad-TGFbeta, Ad-IL-12, or Ad-IL-10). C3H mice receiving nontransduced DC or pretransplant infusion of DC-Ad-LacZ showed increased survival of C57BL/6 renal grafts relative to that of control nonimmunized mice. Transfusion of Ad-IL-12-transduced DC abolished this increased survival, leading to a graft survival equivalent to that of controls with no DC. Optimal graft survival was seen in the group receiving a mixture of DC transduced with constructs for both IL-10 and TGFbeta. There was a correlation between increased graft survival and both inhibition of the induction of CTL and enhancement of a polarization to produce type-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGFbeta) on antigen-specific restimulation in vitro. These effects were more pronounced following concomitant infusion of CHO cells transfected with a full-length cDNA for murine OX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, The Toronto Hospital and the University of Toronto, Canada
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14
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Reynolds HY. Advances in understanding pulmonary host defense mechanisms: dendritic cell function and immunomodulation. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000; 6:209-16. [PMID: 10782705 DOI: 10.1097/00063198-200005000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal host immunity in the respiratory tract can probably be manipulated to better improve defense against microbes and other antigens or particulates that cause infection and respiratory illness. An evolving strategy is to target the extensive network of dendritic cells in the lungs, especially dendritic cells located in the airway epithelium, which are super antigen-presenting cells that can initiate specific T-lymphocyte immune responses. Also, dendritic cells can elaborate cytokines such as interleukin 12 which drive other components of the immune response including antibody production. However, dendritic cells can be counter-regulated by inhibitory cytokines or certain microbes that create a dynamic interplay. This review emphasizes human studies and relevant animal models that provide a framework for future planning of experimental approaches to enhancing antimicrobial immunity and respiratory host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033-0850, USA
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15
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells capable of priming activation of naive T cells. Because of their immunostimulatory capacity, immunization with DCs presenting tumor antigens has been proposed as a treatment regimen for cancer. The results from translational research studies and early clinical trials point to the need for improvement of DC-based tumor vaccines before they become a more broadly applicable treatment modality. In this regard, studies suggest that genetic modification of DCs to express tumor antigens and/or immunomodulatory proteins may improve their capacity to promote an antitumor response. Because the DC phenotype is relatively unstable, nonperturbing methods of gene transfer must be employed that do not compromise viability or immunostimulatory capacity. DCs expressing transgenes encoding tumor antigens have been shown to be more potent primers of antitumor immunity both in vitro and in animal models of disease; in some measures of immune priming, gene-modified DCs exceeded their soluble antigen-pulsed counterparts. Cytokine gene modification of DCs has improved their capacity to prime tumor antigen-specific T cell responses and promote antitumor immunity in vivo. Here, we review the current status of gene-modified DCs in both human and murine studies. Although successful results have been obtained to date in experimental systems, we discuss potential problems that have already arisen and may yet be encountered before gene-modified DCs are more widely applicable for use in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Tumor Immunology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0666, USA.
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Bertera S, Alexander A, Giannoukakis N, Robbins PD, Trucco M. Immunology of type 1 diabetes. Intervention and prevention strategies. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999; 28:841-64, x. [PMID: 10609123 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is the outcome of a progressive and selective destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The precise cause and mechanism(s) that trigger the insulin-producing cell destruction are still unclear, although it is well accepted that an autoimmune process plays a central role in diabetes development among genetically susceptible children. Additionally, certain viral infections, especially those caused by Coxsackievirus B, have been associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes. Possible gene therapy-based prevention and intervention strategies are discussed, based on the most accepted models of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bertera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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Feng S, Quickel RR, Hollister-Lock J, McLeod M, Bonner-Weir S, Mulligan RC, Weir GC. Prolonged xenograft survival of islets infected with small doses of adenovirus expressing CTLA4Ig. Transplantation 1999; 67:1607-13. [PMID: 10401769 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199906270-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic administration of the inhibitor of costimulation, CTLA4Ig, has been shown to prolong islet graft survival. The purpose of this study was to compare local and systemic expression of murine CTLA4Ig in transplants of rat islets into mice. METHODS Murine CTLA4Ig was made by joining two polymerase chain reaction products, the extracellular portion of CTLA4 and the Fc portion of IgG2a. Recombinant adenovirus expressing CTLA4Ig (AdCTLA4Ig) was generated using the strategy of Cre-lox recombination. Isolated rat islets infected with AdCTLA4Ig at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ranging from 0.1 to 10 were transplanted into streptozocin diabetic male B6AF1 mice. Control islets were mock infected or infected with AdLacZ or AdsIg, a recombinant adenovirus expressing only the Fc portion of IgG2a. Also, AdCTLA4Ig and control viruses were injected intramuscularly into mouse transplant recipients at the time of islet transplantation to provide CTLA4Ig systemically. RESULTS Control islets transplanted into diabetic mice were rejected in 13-17 days. Islets infected with AdCTLA4Ig had dose-dependent prolongation of graft survival. Prolonged survival was even found with very low MOIs of 0.1 and 0.5, with survivals of 24+/-4.2 and 25+/-2.2 days, respectively. Survival with an MOI of 10 was 39+/-8.7 days. With intramuscular injection, no prolongation was found at the lowest relative MOIs of 0.2 and 1, but there was dose-dependent prolongation of graft survival with larger doses. At the highest relative MOI of 400, survival was prolonged to 58+/-10 days. CONCLUSIONS Rat islets infected with AdCTLA4Ig transplanted into mice had prolonged graft survival. Prolonged survival with MOIs as low as 0.1 and 0.5 indicates that only a minority of islet cells need to express CTLA4Ig to exert an effect. Moreover, the results suggest that the improved islet graft survival is due to a local influence of CTLA4Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Feng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Respiratory infections remain common and may be more difficult to treat because new microbes have been identified; commensal flora can become pathogens; and antibiotic resistance is developing, especially to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Contributing to the severity of pneumonia is the increasing number of more susceptible hosts--immunodeficient patients, created as a by-product of modern medical therapy or from infection with HIV, and elderly patients who have associated illnesses. Better strategies to replete immunocompromised hosts are required. Vaccination to modify infection with S. pneumoniae must be given higher priority by health care providers. New means to immunize the respiratory mucosal surface are needed. Research approaches to consider involve 1) targeting (carrying) relevant antigens to appropriate antigen-processing cells in the airways, eg, dendritic cells; and 2) coupling the immunomodulatory effects of cytokines, eg, interleukin-12. Interleukin-12, for example, can stimulate mucosal antibody responses producing S-IgA and IgG and cause T lymphocytes to produce interferon-gamma that can enhance microbial killing by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
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