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Hedayati-Moghadam M, Seyedi F, Hosseini M, Mansouri M, Sotoudeh MM, Beheshti F, Askarpour H, Kheirkhah A, Baghcheghi Y. Selenium prevented renal tissue damage in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:53-60. [PMID: 38112326 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kidney diseases are one of the common diseases, which are one of the main causes of death in society and impose costs on the health system of the society. A growing body of evidence has well documented that inflammatory responses and oxidative damage play a significant role in the progress of various kidney diseases. METHODS This study examined whether selenium (Sel) could prevent the detrimental influences of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Four groups of Wistar rats were considered: control, LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p., for 14 days), LPS-Sel 1 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., for 14 days), and LPS-Sel 2 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p., for 14 days). RESULTS Sel treatment markedly attenuated oxidative stress damage in the kidney tissue in LPS-induced renal toxicity. Generally, the administration of Sel resulted in improved antioxidant indicators such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, or total thiol content, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissue. It also decreased interleukin-6 in kidney homogenates. Furthermore, Se treatment significantly inhibited the elevation of serum biochemical markers of kidney function including serum, BUN, and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the current study, it seems that the administration of Sel to LPS-treated rats improves renal function by reducing oxidative damage and inflammation in kidney tissue. However, more research is needed to reveal the accurate mechanisms for the effect of Sel on renal outcomes of LPS in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mansouri
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Kheirkhah
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Mayers JR, Varon J, Zhou RR, Daniel-Ivad M, Beaulieu C, Bholse A, Glasser NR, Lichtenauer FM, Ng J, Vera MP, Huttenhower C, Perrella MA, Clish CB, Zhao SD, Baron RM, Balskus EP. Identification and targeting of microbial putrescine acetylation in bloodstream infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.558834. [PMID: 37790300 PMCID: PMC10542159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has highlighted an urgent need to identify bacterial pathogenic functions that may be targets for clinical intervention. Although severe bacterial infections profoundly alter host metabolism, prior studies have largely ignored alterations in microbial metabolism in this context. Performing metabolomics on patient and mouse plasma samples, we identify elevated levels of bacterially-derived N-acetylputrescine during gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI), with higher levels associated with worse clinical outcomes. We discover that SpeG is the bacterial enzyme responsible for acetylating putrescine and show that blocking its activity reduces bacterial proliferation and slows pathogenesis. Reduction of SpeG activity enhances bacterial membrane permeability and results in increased intracellular accumulation of antibiotics, allowing us to overcome AMR of clinical isolates both in culture and in vivo. This study highlights how studying pathogen metabolism in the natural context of infection can reveal new therapeutic strategies for addressing challenging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R. Mayers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138
| | - Jack Varon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Ruixuan R. Zhou
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA 61820
| | - Martin Daniel-Ivad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | | | - Amrisha Bholse
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Nathaniel R. Glasser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138
| | | | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Mayra Pinilla Vera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Sihai D. Zhao
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA 61820
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA 61820
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138
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Olivera-Ardid S, Bello-Gil D, Perez-Cruz M, Costa C, Camoez M, Dominguez MA, Ferrero-Alves Y, Vaquero JM, Khasbiullina N, Shilova NV, Bovin NV, Mañez R. Removal of natural anti-αGal antibodies elicits protective immunity against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232924. [PMID: 37662909 PMCID: PMC10471972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of bacterial infections occurs when blocking or inhibitory antibodies facilitate the infectivity of pathogens. In humans, antibodies involved in ADE of bacterial infections may include those naturally produced against Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ (αGal). Here, we investigate whether eliminating circulating anti-αGal antibodies using a soluble αGal glycopolymer confers protection against Gram-negative bacterial infections. We demonstrated that the in vivo intra-corporeal removal of anti-αGal antibodies in α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT-KO) mice was associated with protection against mortality from Gram-negative sepsis after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The improved survival of GalT-KO mice was associated with an increased killing capacity of serum against Escherichia coli isolated after CLP and reduced binding of IgG1 and IgG3 to the bacteria. Additionally, inhibition of anti-αGal antibodies from human serum in vitro increases the bactericidal killing of E. coli O86:B7 and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the case of E. coli O86:B7, there was also an improvement in bacteria opsonophagocytosis by macrophages. Both lytic mechanisms were related to a decreased binding of IgG2 to the bacteria. Our results show that protective immunity against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens can be elicited, and infectious diseases caused by these bacteria can be prevented by removing natural anti-αGal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Olivera-Ardid
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel Bello-Gil
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Magdiel Perez-Cruz
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mariana Camoez
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M. Angeles Dominguez
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Yara Ferrero-Alves
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Vaquero
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nailya Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rafael Mañez
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Wang J, Liao L, Chen Y, Chen L, Lai Z, Zhang L. A MODIFIED SURGICAL SEPSIS MODEL SATISFYING SEPSIS-3 AND HAVING HIGH CONSISTENCY OF MORTALITY. Shock 2023; 59:673-683. [PMID: 36821415 PMCID: PMC10082063 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background : Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) is currently considered the criterion standard model of sepsis; however, there are some deficiencies, such as low clinical relevance, inconsistency in severity grading, and an unknown proportion of CLP animals meeting the requirements of sepsis-3. Methods : Adult rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: modified CLP (M-CLP) group, CLP group, and sham group. The vital organ function of rats was evaluated 24 hours postoperatively by blood pressure, behavioral testing, histopathology, and blood test. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and T-cell suppression was assessed by flow cytometry. The stability of the model was evaluated by comparing the survival rates of repeated experiments in all groups from day 1 to day 14. Results : More rats in the M-CLP group met Sepsis-3 criteria than those in the CLP group 24 hours postoperatively (53.1% vs. 21.9%, P = 0.01). Rats in the M-CLP group developed more serious hepatic, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction. Similar to human sepsis, rats in the M-CLP group demonstrated more serious immunosuppression and systemic inflammation compared with the CLP group. In addition, disease development and severity, which was indicated by the stable survival rates of model animals, were more stable in the M-CLP group. Conclusions : More rats could meet Sepsis-3 criteria with this novel surgical procedure, which may reduce the number of animals needed in preclinical sepsis experiments. This stable M-CLP model may contribute to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan City, China
| | - Liji Chen
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongmeng Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangcheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Aydemir Celep N, Gedikli S. Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:9-19. [PMID: 36890848 PMCID: PMC9986308 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevra Aydemir Celep
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Xerri A, Gallardo F, Kober F, Mathieu C, Fourny N, Tran TT, Mege JL, Singer M, Lalevée N, Bernard M, Leone M. Female hormones prevent sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: an experimental randomized study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4939. [PMID: 35322092 PMCID: PMC8943058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiologic research has demonstrated significant differences in incidence and outcomes of sepsis according to sex, their underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we studied the influence of hormonal status by comparing in vivo cardiac performances measured by MRI in non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized septic female rats. Control and ovariectomized rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: sham, sepsis and sepsis plus landiolol. Sepsis was induced by caecum ligation and punction (CLP). Landiolol, a short-acting selective β1-adrenergic blocker improving the in vivo cardiac performance of septic male rats was perfused continuously after sepsis induction. Cardiac MRI was carried out 18 h after induction of sepsis to assess in vivo cardiac function. Capillary permeability was evaluated by Evans Blue administration and measurement of its tissue extravasation. Variation in myocardial gene and protein expression was also assessed by qPCR and western-blot in the left ventricular tissue. Sepsis reduced indexed stroke volume, cardiac index and indexed end-diastolic volume compared to sham group in ovariectomized females whereas it had no effect in control females. This was associated with an overexpression of JAK2 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation on Ser727 site, and an inhibition of the adrenergic pathways in OVR females. Landiolol increased the indexed stroke volume by reversing the indexed end-diastolic volume reduction after sepsis in ovariectomized females, while it decreased indexed stroke volume and cardiac index in control. This was supported by an overexpression of genes involved in calcium influx in OVR females while an inactivation of the β-adrenergic and a calcium efflux pathway was observed in control females. Sepsis decreased in vivo cardiac performances in ovariectomized females but not in control females, presumably associated with a more pronounced inflammation, inhibition of the adrenergic pathway and calcium efflux defects. Administration of landiolol prevents this cardiac dysfunction in ovariectomized females with a probable activation of calcium influx, while it has deleterious effects in control females in which calcium efflux pathways were down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Xerri
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Calypso Mathieu
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thi Thom Tran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGC, UMR S1090, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147 boulevard Baille, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Mervyn Singer
- University College London, 4919, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Lalevée
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGC, UMR S1090, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France
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TANYELİ A, EKİNCİ AKDEMİR FN, ERASLAN E, GÜLER MC, ÖZBEK ŞEBİN S, GÜLÇİN İ. The possible useful effectiveness of sinapic acid in secondary organ damage sepsis-induced in rats. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.864015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Qiu J, Xiao X, Gao X, Zhang Y. Ulinastatin protects against sepsis‑induced myocardial injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:730. [PMID: 34414461 PMCID: PMC8404092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is the primary manifestation of multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis, however, the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced myocardial injury remain unclear. Similarly, no effective therapeutics have yet been developed for myocardial injury. In the present study, the role of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome on cardiac function were characterized and the effects of different ulinastatin (UTI) doses in protecting a septic rat model from myocardial injury were elucidated. To evaluate UTI efficacy on cardiac function, its effects on anti-inflammatory mediators were analyzed and its cardioprotective effects were investigated. It was demonstrated that circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were elevated during sepsis. It was also observed that NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression enhanced post-cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and that high UTI levels protected against myocardial injury induced by sepsis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the mechanisms underpinning UTI-mediated myocardial protection were due to the downregulation of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. Based on these findings, it is proposed that UTI exerts beneficial effects during sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qiu
- Centralab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Expression Profiling of Long Noncoding RNA and Messenger RNA in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Colon Injury Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8925973. [PMID: 33204219 PMCID: PMC7657679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8925973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence reveals that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs or whether certain lncRNA could serve as a biomarker in the septic colon remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the septic colon through whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing and to reveal the associated regulatory mechanism. Method and Result We established a mouse model of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Colon samples were collected upon CLP or sham surgery after 24 h. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed to profile the relative expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs. 808 lncRNAs and 1509 mRNAs were differentially found in the septic group compared with the sham group. Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis (KEGG) was performed to predict the potential functions of these RNAs. GO analysis showed that the altered lncRNAs were enriched and involved in multiple immune responses, which may be a response to sepsis stress. KEGG analysis indicated that upregulated lncRNAs were significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Downregulated lncRNAs were mostly found to be involved in tight junction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results indicate that these altered lncRNAs and mRNAs may have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis. This study could contribute to extending the understanding of the function of lncRNAs in sepsis, which may help in searching for new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat sepsis.
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Hydrocortisone mitigates ICU-AW by fine-tuning of muscle atrophic and hypertrophic signaling pathways in a sepsis model with limb immobilization. Life Sci 2020; 261:118366. [PMID: 32871182 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a complex spectrum of disability that delays recovery of critically ill-immobilized patients with sepsis. Much discrepancy remain on the use of corticosteroids and their impact on muscle regeneration in critical illness management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether hydrocortisone (HCT) modulates muscle mass turnover in ICU-AW induced by sepsis with limb immobilization (SI). MAIN METHODS Sepsis by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) with forelimb-immobilization were performed in rats. The study consisted of four groups: Sham (left forelimb-immobilization), Sham HCT (left forelimb-immobilization + HCT), SI (CLP + left forelimb-immobilization) and SI HCT (CLP + left forelimb-immobilization + HCT). Motor force, blood and muscle sampling were assessed. KEY FINDINGS HCT prevented body weight loss associated with SI and attenuated systemic and muscular inflammation. Besides, myosin was restituted in SI HCT group in conjunction to muscle mass and strength restoration. Pro-hypertrophic calcineurin (PP2B-Aβ) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells C3 (NFATc3) but not protein kinase B (Akt) were re-activated by HCT. Finally, pro-atrophic extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) but not nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) were inhibited in SI HCT group. SIGNIFICANCE This study unravels new molecular events thought to control muscle protein synthesis in ICU-AW induced by sepsis and limb immobilization. HCT has a potential to fine-tune muscle-signaling pathways and to reduce the negative outcomes of ICU-AW.
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Abstract
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infectious disease that leads to shock, organ failure, and death and requires urgent treatment. Animal model studies of sepsis and endotoxemia have revealed that antioxidant compounds prevent the progression of multi-system organ failure and reduce death rate. In the present study aimed to establish the effect of propolis, which has been proven to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in recent years, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal damage. 40 Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into five equal groups (n = 8): Control (0.9% NaCl), LPS (30 mg/kg), propolis (250 mg/kg), propolis + LPS, and LPS + propolis. After completion of the experimental protocol, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using blood serum samples obtained from the rats. The kidney samples of the rats were examined histopathologically. As a result, it was determined that LPS increased MDA levels in the blood serum samples and it caused histological changes in the kidney tissue such as tubular damage, mild ischemic injury, ischemic damage in the form of vacuolization, tubular epithelial vacuolization, vascular congestion, and glomerular atrophy. Contrary to these results, MDA levels of serum decreased in the propolis + LPS, and LPS + propolis groups, and also histological findings improved. These results showed that protective effect of propolis against kidney damage caused by LPS.
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Cong Z, Li D, Tao Y, Lv X, Zhu X. α 2A -AR antagonism by BRL-44408 maleate attenuates acute lung injury in rats with downregulation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6905-6914. [PMID: 32003020 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by acute hypoxic respiratory dysfunction or failure, is a manifestation of multiple organ failure in the lung, and the most common risk factor is sepsis. We previously showed that blocking α2 -adrenoceptor (α2 -AR) could attenuate lung injury induced by endotoxin in rats. α2A -adrenoceptor (α2A -AR), a subtype of α2 -AR plays a key role in inflammatory diseases, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we explored the effect of BRL-44408 maleate (BRL), a specific α2A -AR antagonist, on cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced ARDS in rats and the underlying mechanism. Preadministration of BRL-44408 maleate significantly alleviated CLP-induced histological injury, macrophage infiltration, inflammatory response, and wet/dry ratio in lung tissue. However, there was no statistical difference in survival rate between the CLP and CLP+BRL groups. Extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), p38MAPK, and p65 were activated in the CLP group, and BRL-44408 maleate inhibited the activation of these signal molecules, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and protein kinase A (PKA) showed no changes in activation between these two groups. BRL-44408 maleate decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of cytokines in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages and reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65. JNK and PKA were not influenced by LPS. Together, these findings suggest that antagonism of α2A -AR improves CLP-induced acute lung injury and involves the downregulation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p65 pathway independent of the activation of JNK and PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhukai Cong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangpeng Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of sepsis has attained exponential growth. Yet, the pillars of its care remain antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and physiologic support of failing organ systems. The inability to bring biologic breakthroughs to the bedside is not for lack of effort. Over 60 clinical trials of novel therapies, each heavily supported by the momentum of biologic data suggesting clinical utility, have been conducted and have failed to identify benefit. This mass of "negative" clinical data abut an equally towering mound of knowledge of sepsis biology, which collectively have led investigators to ask, "what happened?" DATA SOURCES Review of published scientific literature via MEDLINE searches using key terms related to the article topics. STUDY SELECTION Original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews were considered. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were selected for inclusion based upon author consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS Here, we present a synthetic review of some of the challenges in translating experimental animal models of sepsis to the bedside. We commence with the concept that the heterogeneity in the kinetics of the sepsis response serves as an important, often underappreciated but surmountable, source of translational impedance. Upon this groundwork, we discuss distinctions between animal experimentation and clinical trial design in the elements for hypothesis testing: cohort selection, power and sample size, randomization and blinding, and timing of intervention. From this concept, we develop a contextual framework for advancing the paradigm of animal-based investigations to facilitate science that transitions from molecule to medicine. CONCLUSIONS A persistent divide exists between the laboratory and clinical research arenas, which may be addressable via systematic targeting of identified translational gaps.
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14
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Zhang C, He Y, Shen Y. L-Lysine protects against sepsis-induced chronic lung injury in male albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109043. [PMID: 31238259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe, life-threatening condition primarily caused by the cellular response to infection. Sepsis leads to increased tissue damage and mortality in patients in the intensive care unit. L-Lysine is an essential amino acid required for protein biosynthesis and is abundant in lamb, pork, eggs, red meat, fish oil, cheese, beans, peas, and soy. Male albino rats were divided into sham, control, 10-mg/kg bwt L-lysine, and 20-mg/kg bwt L-lysine groups. At the end of treatment, we determined the levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase activities, total cell count, the wet/dry ratio of lung tissue, and total protein content. Furthermore, the effect of L-lysine on the cellular architecture of lung tissue was evaluated. L-Lysine significantly reduced the magnitude of lipid peroxidation; total protein content; wet/dry ratio of lung tissue; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, and macrophage inhibitory factor levels; MPO activity; and total cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, and it increased the reduced glutathione levels and the glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. A normal cellular architecture was noted in rats in the sham group, whereas proinflammatory changes, such as edema and neutrophilic infiltration, were detected in rats in the control group. L-lysine significantly ameliorated these proinflammatory changes. Thus, L-lysine has the potential for the treatment of sepsis-induced CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China.
| | - Yaojun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co.Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China
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15
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Bezerra IDL, Caillot ARC, Oliveira AFD, Santana-Filho AP, Sassaki GL. Cabernet Sauvignon wine polysaccharides attenuate sepsis inflammation and lethality in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Hong J, Nachkebia S, Tun SM, Petzer A, Windsor JA, Hickey AJ, Phillips AR. Altered Metabolic Profile of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Gut-Lymph of Rodent Models of Sepsis and Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3317-3328. [PMID: 30182310 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are important in dietary lipid absorption and subsequent energy distribution in the body. Their importance in the gut-lymph may have been overlooked in sepsis, the most common cause of critical illness, and in gut ischemia-reperfusion injury, a common feature of many critical illnesses. AIMS We aimed to undertake an exploratory study of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions in gut-lymph using untargeted metabolic profiling to identify altered metabolites in sepsis or gut ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS The gut-lymph was collected from rodent sham, sepsis, and gut ischemia-reperfusion models. The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-enriched fractions isolated from the gut-lymph were subjected to a dual metabolomics analysis approach: non-polar metabolite analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and polar metabolite analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolite analysis of gut-lymph triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions revealed a significant increase (FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05) in myo-inositol in the sepsis group and monoacylglycerols [(18:1) and (18:2)] in gut ischemia-reperfusion. There were no significantly increased specific metabolites in the lipoprotein-enriched fractions of both sepsis and gut ischemia-reperfusion. In contrast, there was a widespread decrease in multiple lipid species in sepsis (35 out of 190; adjusted P < 0.05), but not in the gut ischemia-reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of myo-inositol and monoacylglycerols, and decreased multiple lipid species in the gut-lymph triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction could be candidates for new biomarkers and/or involved in the progression of sepsis and gut ischemia-reperfusion pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. .,Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Shorena Nachkebia
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Soe Min Tun
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amorita Petzer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Hiruma T, Tsuyuzaki H, Uchida K, Trapnell BC, Yamamura Y, Kusakabe Y, Totsu T, Suzuki T, Morita S, Doi K, Noiri E, Nakamura K, Nakajima S, Yahagi N, Morimura N, Chang K, Yamada Y. IFN-β Improves Sepsis-related Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction and Postseptic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-related Mortality. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:45-55. [PMID: 29365277 PMCID: PMC6835072 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0261oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-β is reported to improve survival in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), possibly by preventing sepsis-induced immunosuppression, but its therapeutic nature in ARDS pathogenesis is poorly understood. We investigated the therapeutic effects of IFN-β for postseptic ARDS to better understand its pathogenesis in mice. Postseptic ARDS was reproduced in mice by cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis, followed 4 days later by intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause pneumonia with or without subcutaneous administration of IFN-β 1 day earlier. Sepsis induced prolonged increases in alveolar TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations and innate immune reprogramming; specifically, it reduced alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis and KC (CXCL1) secretion. Ex vivo AM exposure to TNF-α or IL-10 duplicated cytokine release impairment. Compared with sepsis or pneumonia alone, pneumonia after sepsis was associated with blunted alveolar KC responses and reduced neutrophil recruitment into alveoli despite increased neutrophil burden in lungs (i.e., "incomplete alveolar neutrophil recruitment"), reduced bacterial clearance, increased lung injury, and markedly increased mortality. Importantly, IFN-β reversed the TNF-α/IL-10-mediated impairment of AM cytokine secretion in vitro, restored alveolar innate immune responsiveness in vivo, improved alveolar neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance, and consequently reduced the odds ratio for 7-day mortality by 85% (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.82; P = 0.045). This mouse model of sequential sepsis → pneumonia infection revealed incomplete alveolar neutrophil recruitment as a novel pathogenic mechanism for postseptic ARDS, and systemic IFN-β improved survival by restoring the impaired function of AMs, mainly by recruiting neutrophils to alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce C. Trapnell
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Yoshiro Yamamura
- Discovery Research Department, Pharmaceutical Research and Development Division, Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | | | | | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Fifty years after the first description of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), none of the many positive drug studies in animal models have been confirmed in clinical trials and translated into clinical practice. This bleak outcome of so many animal experiments shows how difficult it is to model ARDS. Lungs from patients are characterized by hyperinflammation, permeability edema, and hypoxemia; accordingly, this is what most models aim to reproduce. However, in animal models it is very easy to cause inflammation in the lungs, but difficult to cause hypoxemia. Often - and not unlike in patients - models with hypoxemia are accompanied by cardiovascular failure that necessitates fluid support and ventilation, raising the question as to the role of intensive care measures in models of ARDS. In our opinion, there are two major arguments in favor of modelling intensive care medicine in models of ARDS: (1) preventing death from shock; and (2) modelling ventilation and other ICU measures as a second hit. The preferable predictive endpoints in any model of ARDS remain unclear. At present, the best recommendation is to use endpoints that can be compared across studies (i.e. PaO2/FiO2 ratio, compliance, wet-to-dry weight ratio) rather than percentage data. Another important and often overlooked issue is the fact that the thermoneutral environmental temperatures for mice and rats are 30℃ and 28℃, respectively; thus, at room temperature (20-22℃) they suffer from cold stress with the associated significant metabolic changes. While, by definition, any model is an abstraction, we suggest that clinically relevant models of ARDS will have to closer recapitulate important properties of the disease while taking into account species-specific confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Uhlig
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 2 72126 Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Sahin S, Donmez DB. Effects of Carnosine (Beta-Alanyl-L-Histidine) in an Experimental Rat Model of Acute Kidney Injury Due to Septic Shock. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:305-316. [PMID: 29334583 PMCID: PMC5778771 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the human intensive care unit (ICU). Kidney function and the histological findings of AKI were investigated in an experimental rat model with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and compared with and without treatment with carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups consisting eight rats in each: Group 1 - control; Group 2 - septic shock; and Group 3 - septic shock treated with carnosine. Femoral vein and artery catheterization were applied in all rats. Rats in Group 1 underwent laparotomy and catheterization. The other two groups with septic shock underwent laparotomy, CLP, catheterization, and bladder cannulation. Rats in Group 3 received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 250 mg/kg carnosine, 60 min following CLP. Rats were monitored for blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature to assess responses to postoperative sepsis, and 10 mL/kg saline replacement was administered. Twenty-four hours following CLP, rats were sacrificed, and blood and renal tissue samples were collected. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in kidney function, tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels, routine blood values, biochemical indices, and in histopathological findings in rats in Group 3 who were treated with carnosine, compared with Group 2 exposed to septic shock without carnosine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing AKI due to septic shock in a rat model of septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Sahin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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20
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Bærnthsen NF, Hansen MB, Wahl AM, Simonsen U, Hyldegaard O. Treatment with 24 h-delayed normo- and hyperbaric oxygenation in severe sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:27. [PMID: 29204105 PMCID: PMC5702232 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Septic shock remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO2) has been shown to alter the inflammatory response during sepsis and to reduce mortality. A therapeutic window of HBO2 treatment has been demonstrated experimentally, but optimal timing remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of 24 h delayed normobaric oxygen (NBO2) and HBO2 treatment on the endogenous production of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10, and on mortality in rats with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis. Method Fifty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent CLP and were randomized to the following groups: 1) HBO2 2.5 bar absolute pressure (pabs); 2) NBO2 1.0 bar pabs; 3) Control (no-treatment), and they were individually monitored for 72 h with intermittent blood sampling. Results IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were increased 24 h after the procedure, and IL-6 was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. The level of IL-10 was significantly higher at hour 48 in the HBO2 group compared to control (p = 0.01), but this was not the case at other time points. No other significant differences in cytokine levels were found for any group comparisons. Delayed NBO2 and HBO2 treatment failed to change the mortality in the animals. Conclusion High levels of IL-6 in non-surviving animals with sepsis suggest that IL-6 is a potential biomarker. We found a significantly higher concentration of IL-10 in the HBO2 group at hour 48 vs. control animals. However, 24 h–delayed treatment with HBO2 did not change the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and survival, suggesting that earlier intervention may be required to obtain an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Falcon Bærnthsen
- Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Bo Hansen
- Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Mygind Wahl
- Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Hyldegaard
- Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Statkevicius S, Frigyesi A, Bentzer P. Effect of ringers acetate in different doses on plasma volume in rat models of hypovolemia. Intensive Care Med Exp 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 29075932 PMCID: PMC5658307 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-017-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even though crystalloids are the first choice for fluid resuscitation in hemodynamically unstable patients, their potency as plasma volume expanders in hypovolemia of different etiologies is largely unknown. The objective of the study was to investigate dose–response curves of a crystalloid in hypovolemia induced by either sepsis or hemorrhagic shock. Results Rats were randomized to resuscitation with Ringers acetate at a dose 10, 30, 50, 75, or 100 ml/kg at 4 h after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or 2.5 h after a 30 ml/kg hemorrhage. Plasma volume (125I–albumin) was the primary outcome. Plasma volume decreased by about 11.8 (IQR 9.9–14.5) ml/kg relative baseline after CLP and increased dose-dependently by at most 5.8 (IQR 3.3–7.0) ml/kg in the 100 ml/kg group at 15 min after resuscitation. In the hemorrhage group, the plasma volume increased by at most 13.8 (IQR 7.1–15.0) ml/kg in 100 ml/kg group. Blood volumes at baseline, calculated using hematocrit and plasma volumes, were 72.4 (IQR 68.2–79.5) ml/kg in sepsis group and 71.1 (IQR 69.1–74.7) ml/kg in hemorrhage group. At 15 min after resuscitation with a dose of 100 ml/kg blood volumes increased to 54.8 (IQR 52.5–57.7) ml/kg and ; 49.6 (IQR 45.3–56.4) ml/kg, in the sepsis and hemorrhage groups, respectively. Plasma volume expansion as the percentage of dose at 15 min was 5.9 (IQR 2.5–8.8)% and 14.5 (IQR 12.1–20.0)% in the sepsis and hemorrhage groups, respectively. At 60 min, average plasma volume as the percentage of dose had decreased to 2.9 (IQR ([−2.9] − 8.3)% (P = 0.006) in the sepsis group whereas no change was detected in the hemorrhage group. A dose-dependent decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure, which was more marked in sepsis, was detected at 60 min after resuscitation. Conclusions We conclude that the efficacy of Ringers acetate as a plasma volume expander is context dependent and that plasma volume expansion is lower than previously realized across a wide range of doses. Ringers acetate decreases plasma oncotic pressure in sepsis, in part, by mechanisms other than dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svajunas Statkevicius
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Attila Frigyesi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Bentzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
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22
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Modulation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase attenuates sepsis‑induced acute lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9652-9658. [PMID: 29039541 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the most important predisposing cause inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, the mechanism of sepsis leading to the development of ARDS remains to be elucidated. Suppression of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal by blocking the phosphorylation of Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in lung tissues could alleviate acute lung injury induced by sepsis. MAPK signaling may have a crucial role in development of the sepsis‑induced acute lung injury. The specific inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK, SP600125 and SB203580, were administrated by intragastric injection 4 h before induction of ARDS after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were sacrificed at 1, 6 or 24 h after CLP challenge. The histological evaluation, lung water content, and biochemical analysis were performed. The results revealed that the JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitor improved lung permeability, attenuated system inflammation, further alleviated the lung injury induced by sepsis. In conclusion, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling are essential for the development of ARDS following sepsis. Further studies are needed to illuminate the detailed mechanisms of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in sepsis‑induced ARDS.
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23
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Peng TC, Chang CY, Huang IT, Kao MC, Chang YY, Huang CJ. Platonin mitigates vascular hyporeactivity of thoracic aorta in septic rats. J Surg Res 2017; 221:190-195. [PMID: 29229127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular hyporeactivity contributes to hemodynamic alterations and circulatory failure in severe sepsis. Among the identified mechanisms, inflammation and oxidative stress are the most crucial ones in mediating the development of vascular hyporeactivity induced by sepsis. Platonin, a photosensitive dye and an antioxidant, possesses potent antiinflammation effects. We elucidated whether platonin could mitigate vascular hyporeactivity of thoracic aorta in septic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive sham operation (Sham), Sham plus platonin (100 μg/kg), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or CLP plus platonin (10, 50, or 100 μg/kg) and designated as the Sham, P, CLP, CLP + P(10), CLP + P(50), and CLP + P(100) group, respectively (n = 6 in each group). After maintaining for 12 hours, surviving rats were euthanized and thoracic aorta was isolated and vascular reactivity of aortic rings was determined. RESULTS Vascular reactivity induced by vasoconstrictors phenylephrine and angiotensin II of the Sham and the P groups (n = 6 in both groups) were similar, whereas vascular reactivity of the CLP group (n = 5) were significantly lower than those of the Sham group (both P < 0.001). Of note, vascular reactivity induced by phenylephrine and angiotensin II of the CLP + P(10) group (n = 5) and the CLP group were not significantly different. In contrast, vascular reactivity induced by phenylephrine and angiotensin II of the CLP + P(50) and the CLP + P(100) groups (n = 6 in both groups) were significantly higher than those of the CLP group (phenylephrine: P = 0.024 and 0.017; angiotensin II: P = 0.031 and 0.036). CONCLUSION Platonin could mitigate vascular hyporeactivity of thoracic aorta in septic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Chin Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Tao Huang
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ming-Chang Kao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ying Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Taşcı Hİ, Erikoğlu M, Toy H, Karaibrahimoğlu A. Course of sepsis in rats with thyroid dysfunction. Turk J Surg 2017; 33:175-179. [PMID: 28944329 PMCID: PMC5602308 DOI: 10.5152/turkjsurg.2017.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies show the relationship between sepsis and thyroid hormones. Virtually all these studies investigate changes in post-sepsis thyroid hormones and the relationship between these changes and the progression of the disease. Our aim in this study was to investigate the progression of sepsis in rats with thyroid dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved four groups, each containing seven female Wistar albino rats: Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Control (Sepsis), Group 3: Hyperthyroidism-Sepsis, and Group 4: Hypothyroidism-Sepsis. Group 1 only received laparotomy. Group 2 only had sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Group 3 and Group 4 following formation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. After 24 hours, relaparotomy and thoracotomy were performed, and tissue and blood samples were drawn. RESULTS Dysfunctions seen in the liver, lungs, and kidneys during sepsis and other findings of sepsis were milder in the hyperthyroidism group in comparison to both the control and hypothyroidism groups. CONCLUSION The results of Simon's grade, histopathological organ damage, and laboratory parameters revealed that the progression of sepsis was milder in the hyperthyroid group than in the hypothyroid and euthyroid groups. The progression in the hypothyroid group was the most severe. Therefore, the results of the study raise the question of whether immediate treatment in cases of hypothyroidism and slow return of thyroid function to normal levels in cases of hyperthyroidism are adequate treatment approaches in patients who may develop sepsis or septic shock." To determine the answer to this question, more detailed studies are required with a higher number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Erikoğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Toy
- Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Adnan Karaibrahimoğlu
- Department of Medical Statistics, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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PK/PD studies on non-selective PDE inhibitors in rats using cAMP as a marker of pharmacological response. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1047-1059. [PMID: 28730281 PMCID: PMC5599463 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have been frequently tested for the treatment of experimental inflammatory and immune disorders. It is suggested that anti-inflammatory properties of PDE inhibitors are related to their ability to increase cAMP levels. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that cAMP may be a useful marker of pharmacological response following administration of non-selective PDE inhibitors (pentoxifylline and (±)-lisofylline) to endotoxemic rats. Male Wistar rats were administered LPS (1 mg kg−1, i.v.) simultaneously with either compound given at two doses (40 and 80 mg kg−1, i.v.). Levels of cAMP and both compounds in animal plasma were measured by the validated HPLC methods. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis was performed using basic and modified indirect response (IDR) models II in Phoenix WinNonlin. The results of this study indicate that, in contrast to pentoxifylline, (±)-lisofylline demonstrates a non-linear pharmacokinetics in rats with endotoxemia. In vitro study using human recombinant PDE4B and PDE7A revealed the occurrence of additive interaction between studied compounds. Moreover, (±)-lisofylline is a more potent inhibitor of PDEs compared to pentoxifylline, as evidenced by lower IC50 values. Following administration of both compounds, levels of cAMP in rat plasma increased in a dose-dependent manner. The modified IDR model II better described cAMP levels over time profiles. The validity of the proposed marker was confirmed by measuring plasma TNF-α levels in the studied animals. In conclusion, cAMP may be used in future preclinical and clinical studies of some PDE inhibitors to evaluate the drug concentration–effect relationship.
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Li X, Cheng Q, Li J, He Y, Tian P, Xu C. Significance of hydrogen sulfide in sepsis-induced myocardial injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2153-2161. [PMID: 28962136 PMCID: PMC5609143 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial injury is a detrimental disorder for intensive care medicine due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Data suggest that nuclear factor (NF)-κB serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of regulatory mechanisms, particularly during an inflammatory reaction. However, the relationship between NF-κB and H2S in sepsis-induced myocardial injury is not well understood, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: A sham group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, sham + propargylglycine (PAG) group, CLP + PAG group, sham + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group and CLP + NaHS group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in all groups were sacrificed 12 h after surgery for sample collection. Compared with the sham group, it was observed that the concentrations of Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the serum, and pathological scores of myocardial tissue were significantly increased in the CLP, CLP + NaHS and CLP + PAG groups (P<0.05). The pathological scores and concentrations of CK-MB and cTnI were significantly higher in the CLP + PAG group (P<0.05) and significantly lower in the CLP + NaHS group (P<0.05) when compared with the CLP group. The expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) mRNA and content of interleukin (IL)-10 were significantly higher in the CLP group compared with the CLP + PAG group (P<0.05), while the expression of myocardial NF-κB and content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the CLP group were significantly lowered compared with the CLP + PAG group (P<0.05). The expression of NF-κB and content of TNF-α were significantly increased in the CLP group when compared with the CLP + NaHS group (P<0.05), while the content of myocardial IL-10 in the CLP group was significantly lower than in the CLP + NaHS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, H2S acted as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and biomarker in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Furthermore, H2S may downregulate the NF-κB subunit p65 to mediate inflammatory responses. The present data suggest that myocardial injury in sepsis may be relieved through the regulation of H2S expression, and provide an experimental basis for the treatment of sepsis patients presenting with myocardial injury. In addition, myocardial injury in sepsis may be identified by monitoring changes in the expression of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Yonglai He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Peigang Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
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Zhao S, Wei Y, Xu D. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin attenuates injury in the rat cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis via apoptosis inhibition. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 20:646-53. [PMID: 25943501 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on the rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis and the possible mechanism. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent CLP as sepsis models and were randomized into three groups including the sham-operated group (sham, n = 10), which only underwent a laparotomy; the sepsis group (sepsis, n = 10), which underwent CLP and subcutaneous injection of normal saline; and the sepsis + NGAL group (sepsis + NGAL, n = 10), which underwent CLP and subcutaneous injection of NGAL. Urine, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for the determination of urine NGAL (uNGAL), plasma NGAL (pNGAL), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), histomorphological and immunohistochemical examination, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1. RESULTS The levels of uNGAL, pNGAL, Scr, BUN, kidney injury score, positive TUNEL staining, activated Caspase-3 and Bax, and kidney tissue MDA levels in the sepsis group were significantly increased compared with those in the sham-operated group and the sepsis + NGAL group (P < 0.05). SOD level and HO-1 expression in sepsis + NGAL group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group and the sepsis group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NGAL can attenuate kidney injury and apoptosis in the rat CLP model of sepsis. And the protective effect of NGAL was probably due to the inhibition of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangjing Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daomiao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Çankayalı İ, Boyacılar Ö, Demirağ K, Uyar M, Moral AR. Neuromuscular Dysfunction in Experimental Sepsis and Glutamine. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:267-74. [PMID: 27308070 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological studies show that critical illness polyneuromyopathy appears in the early stage of sepsis before the manifestation of clinical findings. The metabolic response observed during sepsis causes glutamine to become a relative essential amino acid. AIMS We aimed to assess the changes in neuromuscular transmission in the early stage of sepsis after glutamine supplementation. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups. Rats in both groups were given normal feeding for one week. In the study group, 1 g/kg/day glutamine was added to normal feeding by feeding tube for one week. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery was performed at the end of one week. Before and 24 hours after CLP, compound muscle action potentials were recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS Latency measurements before and 24 hours after CLP were 0.68±0.05 ms and 0.80±0.09 ms in the control group and 0.69±0.07 ms and 0.73±0.07 ms in the study group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Since enteral glutamine prevented compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) latency prolongation in the early phase of sepsis, it was concluded that enteral glutamine replacement might be promising in the prevention of neuromuscular dysfunction in sepsis; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkin Çankayalı
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özden Boyacılar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Demirağ
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uyar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Reşat Moral
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Liu X, Wang N, Wei G, Fan S, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Huang M, Zhou H, Zheng J. Consistency and pathophysiological characterization of a rat polymicrobial sepsis model via the improved cecal ligation and puncture surgery. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 32:66-75. [PMID: 26802602 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death for critical ill patients and an essential focus in immunopharmacological research. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model is regarded as a golden standard model for sepsis study. However, this animal model is easily affected by variability problems and dramatically affects pharmacological evaluation of anti-sepsis therapies, which requires standardized procedures and stable outcomes. Herein, the traditional syringe needle based puncture method was used as the major unstable factor for CLP models. Syringe needles created varied mortality in parallel experimental groups of CLP rats; they were inconsistent for severity control as mortality in CLP rats was not correlated with change in punctures, ligation lengths, or needle sizes. Moreover, the use of drainage tubes or strips, which was supposed to strengthen drainage stability, also failed to improve consistency of traditional syringe needles. To solve the consistency problem, an improved design of CLP surgery by puncture with newly-developed three-edged needles was described herein. In contrast to traditional syringe needles, these three-edged needles ensured more stable outcomes in repetitive groups. Furthermore, increased severity was found to be consistent with the enlarged needle size, as shown by the elevated mortality, increased proinflammatory cytokines, abnormal coagulation, worsen acidosis and more severe acute lung injury. In conclusion, application of the newly-developed three-edged needles provides a simple and feasible method to improve stability when conducting CLP surgery, which is significant for pharmacological studies on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Guo Wei
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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30
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Philippart F, Bouroche G, Timsit JF, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Azoulay E, Darmon M, Adrie C, Allaouchiche B, Ara-Somohano C, Ruckly S, Dumenil AS, Souweine B, Goldgran-Toledano D, Bouadma L, Misset B. Decreased Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Sepsis Due to Intra-Abdominal Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137262. [PMID: 26339904 PMCID: PMC4560443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Experimental studies suggest that intra-abdominal infection (IAI) induces biological alterations that may affect the risk of lung infection. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential effect of IAI at ICU admission on the subsequent occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). METHODS We used data entered into the French prospective multicenter Outcomerea database in 1997-2011. Consecutive patients who had severe sepsis and/or septic shock at ICU admission and required mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days were included. Patients with acute pancreatitis were not included. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 2623 database patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 290 (11.1%) had IAI and 2333 (88.9%) had other infections. The IAI group had fewer patients with VAP (56 [19.3%] vs. 806 [34.5%], P<0.01) and longer time to VAP (5.0 vs.10.5 days; P<0.01). After adjustment on independent risk factors for VAP and previous antimicrobial use, IAI was associated with a decreased risk of VAP (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.83; P<0.0017). The pathogens responsible for VAP were not different between the groups with and without IAI (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 345 [42.8%] and 24 [42.8%]; Enterobacteriaceae, 264 [32.8%] and 19 [34.0%]; and Staphylococcus aureus, 215 [26.7%] and 17 [30.4%], respectively). Crude ICU mortality was not different between the groups with and without IAI (81 [27.9%] and 747 [32.0%], P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS In our observational study of mechanically ventilated ICU patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock, VAP occurred less often and later in the group with IAIs compared to the group with infections at other sites.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Bacterial Infections/complications
- Bacterial Infections/microbiology
- Bacterial Infections/mortality
- Bacterial Infections/pathology
- Databases, Factual
- Enterobacteriaceae/growth & development
- Female
- Humans
- Intensive Care Units
- Intraabdominal Infections/complications
- Intraabdominal Infections/microbiology
- Intraabdominal Infections/mortality
- Intraabdominal Infections/pathology
- Length of Stay
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/complications
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/mortality
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/pathology
- Prospective Studies
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development
- Respiration, Artificial
- Risk Factors
- Shock, Septic/complications
- Shock, Septic/microbiology
- Shock, Septic/mortality
- Shock, Septic/pathology
- Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- François Philippart
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gaëlle Bouroche
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- Université Grenoble 1, U823, Albert Bonniot Institute, La Tronche, France
- Medical ICU, Groupe hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Maité Garrouste-Orgeas
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble 1, U823, Albert Bonniot Institute, La Tronche, France
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical ICU, Saint Louis Teaching Hospital, Paris, France
- Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- Surgical ICU, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon I—Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Ara-Somohano
- Université Grenoble 1, U823, Albert Bonniot Institute, La Tronche, France
- Medical ICU, Albert Michallon Teaching Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ruckly
- Université Grenoble 1, U823, Albert Bonniot Institute, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Bertrand Souweine
- Medical ICU, Gabriel Montpied University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Lila Bouadma
- Université Paris VII—Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Gonesse Hospital, Gonesse, France
| | - Benoît Misset
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Dexmedetomidine Ameliorate CLP-Induced Rat Intestinal Injury via Inhibition of Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:918361. [PMID: 26273145 PMCID: PMC4529968 DOI: 10.1155/2015/918361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to verify that dexmedetomidine (DEX) can attenuate CLP-induced intestinal injury via inhibition of inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into Sham group and the other three CLP model groups, in terms of different treatments: placebo, DEX, and yohimbine plus DEX (DEX + YOH) groups. Pathology examination was conducted with HE stain. To identify differences among groups, the levels of DAO, and D-lactate in serum were measured by spectrophotometry, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and organ were measured by ELISA. The expressions of occludin and TLR4 in tissue were detected by Western blot. The survival rate of an additional group of animals within 7 d was recorded. In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. These results indicated that acute intestinal injury induced by CLP was mitigated by DEX treatment. However, these effects of DEX were significantly attenuated by yohimbine in DEX + YOH group. Our study indicated the protective effects of DEX on CLP-induced injury, which may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation via modulating TLR4 pathway and can be blocked by yohimbine.
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Yang CH, Kao MC, Shih PC, Li KY, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Simvastatin attenuates sepsis-induced blood-brain barrier integrity loss. J Surg Res 2015; 194:591-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yeh CT, Kao MC, Chen CH, Huang CJ. Platonin preserves blood–brain barrier integrity in septic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li GX, Wang XM, Jiang T, Gong JF, Niu LY, Li N. Berberine Prevents Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage During Early Phase of Sepsis in Rat through the Toll-Like Receptors Signaling Pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 19:1-7. [PMID: 25605990 PMCID: PMC4297756 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has shown berberine prevents damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier during early phase of sepsis in rat through mechanisms independent of the NOD-like receptors signaling pathway. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of berberine on Toll-like receptors during the intestinal mucosal damaging process in rats. Male Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were treated with berberine for 5 d before undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce polymicrobial sepsis. The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2), TLR 4, TLR 9, the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), the levels of selected cytokines and chemokines, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal permeability were investigated at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP. Results showed that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level were significantly lower in berberine-treated rats compared to the control animals. Conversely, the expression level of tight junction proteins, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells and the mucosal permeability were significantly higher in berberine-treated rats. The mRNA expression of TLR 2, TLR 4, and TLR 9 were significantly affected by berberine treatment. Our results indicate that pretreatment with berberine attenuates tissue injury and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier in early phase of sepsis and this may possibly have been mediated through the TLRs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Mo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ying Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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Plasma Volume Expansion with 5% Albumin Compared to Ringer’s Acetate during Normal and Increased Microvascular Permeability in the Rat. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:817-24. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
It is believed that the effectiveness of colloids as plasma volume expanders is dependent on the endothelial permeability for macromolecules. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the plasma volume expanding effect of 5% albumin relative to that of a crystalloid solution is reduced if microvascular permeability is increased.
Methods:
A control group was resuscitated with either 5% albumin (8 ml/kg) or Ringer’s acetate (36 ml/kg) immediately after a hemorrhage of 8 ml/kg (n = 29). In a second group, permeability was increased by inducing sepsis through cecal ligation and incision (n = 28). Three hours after cecal ligation and incision, the animals were resuscitated with either 5% albumin in a ratio of 1:1 relative to the volume of lost plasma, or Ringer’s acetate in a ratio of 4.5:1.
Results:
In the hemorrhage group, plasma volumes at 15 min after resuscitation with albumin or Ringer’s acetate had increased by 9.8 ± 2.6 ml/kg (mean ± SD) and 7.4 ± 2.9 ml/kg and were similar at 2 and 4 h. Plasma volume 3 h after cecal ligation and incision had decreased by approximately 7 ml/kg, and at 15 min after resuscitation with albumin or Ringer’s acetate it had increased by 5.7 ± 2.9 and 2.4 ± 3.0 ml/kg, respectively (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 h after resuscitation, plasma volumes did not differ between the groups.
Conclusion:
This study does not support the hypothesis that the plasma-volume-expanding effect of albumin relative to that of crystalloids is decreased under conditions characterized by increased permeability.
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Zhang P, Li Y, Zhang LD, Wang LH, Wang X, He C, Lin ZF. Proteome changes in mesenteric lymph induced by sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2793-804. [PMID: 25242054 PMCID: PMC4227422 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the changes in mesenteric lymph during the development of sepsis and to identify the distinct proteins involved, as targets for further study. The sepsis animal model was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mesenteric lymph was collected from 28 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=7 per group): CLP-6 h, CLP-24 h, sham-6 h and sham-24 h groups. Capillary high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to analyze the proteome in mesenteric lymph. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was then conducted to investigate the distinct proteins. Compared with the sham group, 158 distinct proteins were identified in the lymph samples from the CLP group. Five of these proteins associated with the same lipid metabolism pathway were selected, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), annexin A1 (Anxa1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), S100a8 and S100a9. The expression of ApoE, Anxa1, NGAL, S100a8 and S100a9 were all elevated in the progression of sepsis. The five proteins were reported to be closely associated with disease development and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. In conclusion, identifying proteome changes in mesenteric lymph provides a novel perspective to understand the pathological mechanisms underlying sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Emergency Department, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Emergency Department, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Dong Zhang
- Emergency Department, Shuguang Hospital Baoshan Branch, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Hua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Emergency Department, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Chao He
- Emergency Department, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fen Lin
- Emergency Department, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Suto B, Szitter I, Bagoly T, Pinter E, Szolcsányi J, Loibl C, Nemeth T, Tanczos K, Molnar T, Leiner T, Varnai B, Bardonicsek Z, Helyes Z. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity increases in the plasma of septic patients and rats with systemic inflammatory reaction: experimental evidence for its sensory origin and protective role. Peptides 2014; 54:49-57. [PMID: 24457113 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SST-LI) in the plasma of 11 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients were investigated in correlation with cytokines, adhesion molecules and coagulation markers repeatedly during 4 days. The origin and role of SST were studied in the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) rat SIRS model. Capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves were defunctionalized by resiniferatoxin (RTX) pretreatment 2 weeks earlier, in a separate group animals were treated with the somatostatin receptor antagonist cyclo-somatostatin (C-SOM). Plasma SST-LI significantly elevated in septic patients compared to healthy volunteers during the whole 4-day period. Significantly decreased Horowitz score showed severe lung injury, increased plasma C-reactive protein and procalcitonin confirmed SIRS. Soluble P-selectin, tissue plasminogen activator and the interleukin 8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 significantly increased, interleukin 6 and soluble CD40 ligand did not change, and soluble Vascular Adhesion Molecule-1 decreased. SST-LI significantly increased in rats both in the plasma and the lung 6h after CLP compared to sham-operation. After RTX pretreatment SST-LI was not altered in intact animals, but the SIRS-induced elevation was absent. Lung MPO activity significantly increased 6h following CLP compared to sham operation, which was significantly higher both after RTX-desensitization and C-SOM-treatment. Most non-pretreated operated rats survived the 6h, but 60% of the RTX-pretreated ones died showing a significantly worse survival. This is the first comprehensive study in humans and animal experiments providing evidence that SST is released from the activated peptidergic sensory nerves. It gets into the bloodstream and mediates a potent endogenous protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Suto
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Terez Bagoly
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pinter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Janos Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Loibl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Nemeth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Tanczos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Leiner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bianka Varnai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Bardonicsek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
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Li GX, Wang XM, Jiang T, Gong JF, Niu LY, Li N. Berberine prevents damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier during early phase of sepsis in rat through mechanisms independent of the NOD-like receptors signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:1-7. [PMID: 24530556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors play a crucial role in host defense against intestinal infection. We explored the regulatory effects of berberine on NLRs during the intestinal mucosal damaging process in rats. Male Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were treated with berberine for 5d before undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce polymicrobiol sepsis. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), NLR family-pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), the levels of selected cytokines and chemokines, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal permeability were investigated at 0h, 2h, 6h, 12h and 24h after CLP. Results showed that the Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in were significantly lower in berberine treated rats compared to the control animals. The tight junction proteins level, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells and the mucosal permeability were, on the other hand, significantly elevated in berberine treated rats. The expression of NOD and NLRP3, however, were not significantly affected by berberine treatment. Our results indicate that Pretreatment with berberine attenuates tissue injury and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier in early phase of sepsis but it is likely that the mechanisms of this preventive effect do not involve the NLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, 190 Jieyuan Street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xi-mo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, 190 Jieyuan Street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, 190 Jieyuan Street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jian-feng Gong
- Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ling-ying Niu
- Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Cadirci E, Halici Z, Bayir Y, Albayrak A, Karakus E, Polat B, Unal D, Atamanalp SS, Aksak S, Gundogdu C. Peripheral 5-HT7 receptors as a new target for prevention of lung injury and mortality in septic rats. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1271-83. [PMID: 23694713 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex pathophysiological event involving metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, tissue damage and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Although many new mechanisms are being investigated to enlighten the pathophysiology of sepsis, there is no effective treatment protocol yet. Presence of 5-HT7 receptors in immune tissues prompted us to hypothesize that these receptors have roles in inflammation and sepsis. We investigated the effects of 5-HT7 receptor agonists and antagonists on serum cytokine levels, lung oxidative stress, lung histopathology, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) positivity and lung 5-HT7 receptor density in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis model of rats. Agonist administration to septic rats increased survival time; decreased serum cytokine response against CLP; decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant system in lungs; decreased the tissue NF-κB immunopositivity, which is high in septic rats; and decreased the sepsis-induced lung injury. In septic rats, as a result of high inflammatory response, 5-HT7 receptor expression in lungs increased significantly and agonist administration, which decreased inflammatory response and related mortality, decreased the 5-HT7 receptor expression. In conclusion, all these data suggest that stimulation of 5-HT7 receptors may be a new therapeutic target for prevention of impaired inflammatory response related lung injury and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Cadirci
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Erzurum, Turkey
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Rattmann YD, Malquevicz-Paiva SM, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. Galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides from Trebouxia sp. induce inflammation and exacerbate lethality by sepsis in mice. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:206-210. [PMID: 23809631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trebouxia sp. is a genus of green algae that is a symbiotic partner of lichenized fungi. Previous studies conduced demonstrated that Trebouxia sp. is able to produce galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides (β-d-galactofuranan, mannogalactofuranan), which were able to activate macrophages in vitro. The present study was proposed to investigate the effects of SK10 polysaccharides fraction from Trebouxia sp. on the model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice in vivo. The subcutaneous administration of SK10 increased the late mortality rate by 20%, stimulated neutrophil accumulation in lungs (indirectly measured through myeloperoxidase activity) and also Interleukin-1β, creatinine and glucose serum levels. Moreover this study demonstrates the in vivo proinflammatory effects of polymers of galactofuranose and that they can act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns being highly recognized by the immune system of mammals, even if they come from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna D Rattmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Olguner CG, Koca U, Altekin E, Ergür BU, Duru S, Girgin P, Taşdöğen A, Gündüz K, Güzeldağ S, Akkuş M, Micili SC. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1581-1588. [PMID: 23837035 PMCID: PMC3702658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are are among the major causes of mortality in intensive care units. The lung and kidney are the organs most affected by sepsis. Evidence exists that lipid peroxidation and apoptosis may be responsible for the high mortality due to sepsis. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is a method for the protection of tissues and organs against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of IP were investigated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. The three groups of animals used in the present controlled study were the sham-operated group (sham, n=7), which only underwent a laparotomy; the sepsis group (sepsis, n=7), which underwent cecal ligation and perforation; and the IP + sepsis group (IP+sepsis, n=7), which underwent CLP immediately prior to the application of three cycles of IP to the hind limb. The study was terminated at 6 h after the induction of CLP. Blood, kidney and lung tissue samples were collected for the determination of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as histological examination. The serum creatinine, plasma NGAL and lung tissue MDA levels in the sepsis group were significantly increased compared with those in the sham and the IP+sepsis groups (P<0.05). Alveolar macrophage counts, histological kidney and lung injury scores, kidney (caspase 3) and lung tissue immuonreactivity (M30) scores in the sepsis group were also significantly increased compared with those in the sham and IP+sepsis groups (P<0.05). The alveolar macrophage count in the IP+sepsis group was increased compared with that in the sham group (P<0.05). In conclusion, IP inhibits lipid peroxidation and attenuates histological injury and apoptosis in the lung and kidney during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cimen Gülben Olguner
- Departments of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35340
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Effects of dexmedetomidine on early and late cytokines during polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:507-14. [PMID: 23463181 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dexmedetomidine provided protective effects on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, through suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)] and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). METHODS The model of sepsis was set up by CLP in 136 male BALB/c mice (40 mice for survival studies and 96 for cytokine studies) which were divided into four groups, including a C, CLP, DEX + CLP and CLP + DEX group. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were detected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operations, and lung HMGB1 mRNA were analyzed at 24 and 48 h. The mortality rates were calculated 7 days after the operations. RESULTS The mortality rates 7 days after operations were significantly lower in the CLP + DEX (50 %) and DEX + CLP (30 %) groups than in the CLP group (90 %). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in dexmedetomidine administration groups compared with the CLP group. The levels of HMGB1 and lung HMGB1 mRNA were lower in the dexmedetomidine administration groups than in the CLP group. There was a significant correlation between lung HMGB1 mRNA and serum HMGB1(r = 0.858). CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine could reduce the mortality rate and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during polymicrobial sepsis in mice.
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Kieslichova E, Rocen M, Merta D, Kudla M, Splichal I, Cap J, Viklicky O, Gürlich R. The Effect of Immunosuppression on Manifestations of Sepsis in an Animal Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:770-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sahin S, Oter S, Burukoğlu D, Sutken E. The effects of carnosine in an experimental rat model of septic shock. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:54-61. [PMID: 23396325 PMCID: PMC3940703 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.883758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of carnosine on liver function and histological findings in experimental septic shock model, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. MATERIAL/METHODS Rats were divided into control, septic shock, and carnosine-treated septic shock groups. Femoral vein and artery catheterization were performed on all rats. Rats in the control group underwent laparotomy and catheterization; in the test groups, cecal ligation-perforation and bladder cannulation were added. Rats in the treatment group received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 250 mg/kg carnosine 60 minutes after cecal ligation-perforation. Rats were monitored for blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature to assess the postoperative septic response, and body fluids were replaced as necessary. At the end of 24 hours, rats were sacrificed and liver samples were collected. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in liver function, tissue and serum MDA levels, and histological findings in rats treated with carnosine, compared to rats with untreated sepsis. HB and HCT values did not change significantly during the course of the experiment. Rats exposed to septic shock and treated with carnosine exhibited decreased sinusoidal dilatation and cellular inflammation into the portal region, compared to the sepsis group; the livers of rats in this group had near-normal histological structure. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that carnosine may be an effective treatment for oxidative damage due to liver tissue perfusion defects in cases of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Sahin
- Department of Pediatrics Emergency and Critical Care, Medicine Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Dartora N, de Souza LM, Paiva SM, Scoparo CT, Iacomini M, Gorin PA, Rattmann YD, Sassaki GL. Rhamnogalacturonan from Ilex paraguariensis: A potential adjuvant in sepsis treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1776-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Stolf AM, Lívero FDR, Dreifuss AA, Bastos-Pereira AL, Fabosi IA, Alves de Souza CE, Gomes LDO, Chicorski R, Brandt AP, Cadena SMS, Telles JEQ, Hauser AB, Elferink RO, Zampronio AR, Acco A. Effects of statins on liver cell function and inflammation in septic rats. J Surg Res 2012; 178:888-97. [PMID: 22954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that the presence of statins may be beneficial during sepsis, but this idea is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term statin treatment in the livers of septic animals, focusing on its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and metabolic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated orally with simvastatin, atorvastatin, or vehicle once a d. After 30 d, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in Control, Simvastatin-treated, and Atorvastatin-treated groups, while the Sham group underwent only laparotomy. The Basal Simvastatin and Basal Atorvastatin groups received only their respective drugs without surgery. Twenty-four h after CLP or laparotomy, samples were collected from anesthetized rats for evaluation of hepatic oxidative stress, liver histology, hepatic mitochondria enzyme activity, leukocyte counts in blood and peritoneal cavity, gene expression of hepatic superoxide dismutase and TNF-2, and plasma biochemistry. RESULTS Most parameters that we tested exhibited expected changes upon sepsis induction. However, statin treatment only improved liver mitochondrial enzymatic activity. In other parameters, simvastatin and atorvastatin failed to protect the liver against injuries incurred upon the CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis model. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with simvastatin or atorvastatin alone before sepsis induction improved mitochondrial activity in the liver; however, this result was not reproduced in other biomarkers of liver function and leukocyte migration during sepsis. Future studies should be performed to evaluate whether statins can be combined with other drugs to increase the efficacy of sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maria Stolf
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Orman MA, Ierapetritou MG, Berthiaume F, Androulakis IP. Long-term dynamic profiling of inflammatory mediators in double-hit burn and sepsis animal models. Cytokine 2012; 58:307-15. [PMID: 22402033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Burn injuries together with its subsequent complications, mainly bacterial infections originating from gastrointestinal tract, activate the host immune system through stimulation of a series of local and systemic responses, including the release of inflammatory mediators. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of these complex physiological changes and to propose therapeutic approaches to combat the deleterious consequences of burn and septic shocks, it is essential to analyze animal models of burn and sepsis. In this study, we analyzed the long term profiles of cytokines and chemokines in rat models which received burn injury followed 2 days later by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis and were sacrificed at different time points within 10 days (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days). It was observed that MCP-1 concentrations were elevated in all animal models following the burn injury or CLP treatment. IP-10 concentration was persistently decreased after CLP or sham-CLP treatments. GRO/KC concentration was also increased following the burn injury and CLP. It was elucidated that, in more severe injury model which received both burn and CLP treatments, GMCSF and MIP-1α (chemokines), IL-1α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and IL-6 (exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory behaviors) were upregulated on the 7th and 10th days, which might be to protect the host system from the subsequent complications caused by burn and sepsis. In order to elucidate critical regulatory interactions, putative transcription factors of the inflammatory mediators which have been significantly changed following the injuries were further identified by analyzing the conserved regions of the promoters of cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion, the long term profiles of the inflammatory mediators were profoundly characterized in this study to gain a comprehensive understanding of inflammatory mediators' behaviors in various injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet A Orman
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Cadirci E, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Albayrak A, Karakus E, Unal D, Atalay F, Ferah I, Unal B. Sildenafil treatment attenuates lung and kidney injury due to overproduction of oxidant activity in a rat model of sepsis: a biochemical and histopathological study. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 166:374-84. [PMID: 22059996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sildenafil (SLD) is a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of sildenafil on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. Four groups of rats were used, each composed of 10 rats: (i) 10 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (ii) 20 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (iii) CLP group; and (iv) sham-operated control group. A CLP polymicrobial sepsis model was applied to the rats. All groups were killed 16 h later, and lung, kidney and blood samples were analysed histopathologically and biochemically. Sildenafil increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased the activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and of lipid peroxidase (LPO) and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the septic rats. We observed a significant decrease in LPO and MPO and a decrease in SOD activity in the sildenafil-treated CLP rats compared with the sham group. In addition, 20 mg/kg sildenafil treatment in the sham-operated rats improved the biochemical status of lungs and kidneys. Histopathological analysis revealed significant differences in inflammation scores between the sepsis group and the other groups, except the CLP + sildenafil 10 mg/kg group. The CLP + sildenafil 20 mg/kg group had the lowest inflammation score. Sildenafil treatment decreased the serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α level when compared to the CLP group. Our results indicate that sildenafil is a highly protective agent in preventing lung and kidney damage caused by CLP-induced sepsis via maintenance of the oxidant-anti-oxidant status and decrease in the level of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ruthes AC, Rattmann YD, Carbonero ER, Gorin PA, Iacomini M. Structural characterization and protective effect against murine sepsis of fucogalactans from Agaricus bisporus and Lactarius rufus. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Yoshikawa T, Takeuchi H, Suda K, Miyasho T, Yamada S, Okamoto M, Kawamura Y, Maruyama I, Kitajima M, Kitagawa Y. High-dose immunoglobulin preparations improve survival in a CLP-induced rat model of sepsis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 397:457-65. [PMID: 22116598 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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