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Molecular studies of the immunological effects of the sevoflurane preconditioning in the liver and lung in a rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Immunol 2016; 72:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Guzmán-de la Garza FJ, Alarcón-Galván G, Cordero-Pérez P, Muñoz-Espinosa L, Torres-González L, Fernández-Garza NE. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is diminished by atorvastatin in Wistar rats. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:210-6. [PMID: 24726586 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Temporal occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) is often used during liver surgeries in order to reduce blood loss, resulting in ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of atorvastatin (ATOR) on hepatic I/R injury and on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), antithrombin III (ATIII) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). METHODS Liver ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by clamping the HDL for 60 min, followed by either 60 or 180 min reperfusion. Rats received either vehicle or 10 mg/kg ATOR before hepatic I/R. Control group received sham surgery. Livers were examined for histological damage and serum AST, ALT, TNF-α, ET-1, ATIII and ICAM-1 concentrations were measured. RESULTS After I/R, AST and ALT were significantly elevated, ATIII levels were significantly depleted, both TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels increased and ET-1 was significantly elevated (at 180 min). ATOR pretreatment attenuated these alterations and diminished histological injury scores. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that ATOR protects the liver from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Alarcón-Galván
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paula Cordero-Pérez
- Unidad de Hígado, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Linda Muñoz-Espinosa
- Unidad de Hígado, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-González
- Unidad de Hígado, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Klune JR, Tsung A. Molecular biology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: established mechanisms and recent advancements. Surg Clin North Am 2010; 90:665-77. [PMID: 20637940 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in a variety of clinical contexts, including transplantation, liver resection surgery, trauma, and hypovolemic shock. The mechanism of organ damage after I/R has been studied extensively and consists of complex interactions of multiple inflammatory pathways. The major contributors to I/R injury include production of reactive oxygen species, release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and activation of immune cells to promote inflammation and tissue damage. Recent research has focused on the mechanisms by which these immune responses are initially activated through signaling molecules and their cellular receptors. Thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of liver I/R may yield novel therapeutic strategies to reduce I/R injury and lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Klune
- Department of Surgery, F675 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Marcussen N, Nordlinder H, Guron G. Effects of thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function and liver integrity during early endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R1117-24. [PMID: 17068159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00471.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with an activation of the coagulation system and multiorgan failure. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of selective thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function, and liver integrity, during early endotoxemia. Endotoxemia was induced in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized rats by an intravenous bolus dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 6 mg/kg). Sham-Saline, LPS-Saline, and LPS-Melagatran study groups received isotonic saline or melagatran immediately before (0.75 micromol/kg iv) and continuously during (0.75 micromol.kg(-1).h(-1) iv) 4.5 h of endotoxemia. Kidney function, renal blood flow (RBF), and intrarenal cortical and outer medullary perfusion (OMLDF) measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry were analyzed throughout. Markers of liver injury and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in plasma after 4.5 h of endotoxemia. In addition, liver histology and gene expression were examined. Melagatran treatment prevented the decline in OMLDF observed in the LPS-Saline group (P < 0.05, LPS-Melagatran vs. LPS-Saline). However, melagatran did not ameliorate reductions in mean arterial pressure, RBF, renal cortical perfusion, and glomerular filtration rate or attenuate tubular dysfunctions during endotoxemia. Melagatran reduced the elevated plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (-34 +/- 11%, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (-21 +/- 7%, P < 0.05), bilirubin (-44 +/- 9%, P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha (-32 +/- 14%, P < 0.05) in endotoxemia. Melagatran did not diminish histological abnormalities in the liver or the elevated hepatic gene expression of TNF-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in endotoxemic rats. In summary, thrombin inhibition with melagatran preserved renal OMLDF, attenuated liver dysfunction, and reduced plasma TNF-alpha levels during early endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Izumi K, Ishikawa K, Tojigamori M, Matsui Y, Shiraishi N, Kitano S. Liver metastasis and ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the liver after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in a murine model. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:1049-54. [PMID: 15976944 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-2177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis of colorectal malignancies is an important prognostic factor. Several studies have demonstrated that carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum enhances liver metastasis in animal models. Little is known about intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-(alpha) mRNA expression in the liver after CO2 pneumoperitoneum. METHODS Forty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups after intra-splenic tumor cell (colon 26) inoculation and the following procedures were performed: CO2 pneumoperitoneum (n = 15), open laparotomy (n = 15), and anesthesia alone (n = 15). On day 7 after each procedure, the livers were excised and the number and diameter of the tumor nodules and the cancer index score were determined. Another 90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups as described above, and they underwent each procedure (n = 30 each). After each procedure, the livers were excised on days 0, 1, 3, and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression were examined by real-time RT-PCR using SYBR Green I. RESULTS The number of tumor nodules and the cancer index score were larger in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean diameter of the tumor nodules was not different among the three groups. The expression of ICAM-1 in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group was higher than that in the other groups on day 1 (p < 0.05), and the TNF-alpha mRNA was higher than that in the control group on day 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CO2 pneumoperitoneum enhances liver metastasis compared with anesthesia alone, and ICAM-1 expression in the liver after the pneumoperitoneum plays an important role in establishing liver metastasis in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Izumi
- Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Oreopoulos GD, Wu H, Szaszi K, Fan J, Marshall JC, Khadaroo RG, He R, Kapus A, Rotstein OD. Hypertonic preconditioning prevents hepatocellular injury following ischemia/reperfusion in mice: a role for interleukin 10. Hepatology 2004; 40:211-20. [PMID: 15239105 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the liver occurs in many clinical scenarios including trauma, elective surgery, and transplantation. Events initiated by this process can lead to inflammation in the liver, culminating in local injury as well as distant organ dysfunction. Recent studies have suggested that hypertonic saline exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which may be beneficial in preventing organ injury. In the present study, we examine the effect of hypertonic saline on the development of liver inflammation following I/R in both rat and mouse models. Hypertonic pretreatment was shown to prevent liver enzyme release concomitant with a reduction in liver neutrophil sequestration. Hypertonic saline appeared to exert this effect by inhibiting liver tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) generation, an effect that culminated in reduced liver adhesion molecule expression. Hypertonic saline pretreatment was shown to augment liver interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression following I/R, as a potential mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect. To examine the role of IL-10 in the protective effect of hypertonic saline on liver I/R injury, we used a murine model of I/R. In wild type mice, hypertonic pretreatment similarly prevented liver injury induced by I/R. However, in IL-10 knockout animals, hypertonic pretreatment was unable to prevent the liver enzyme release, TNF-alpha generation, or neutrophil sequestration induced by I/R. In conclusion, these findings define a novel mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of hypertonic saline and also suggest a potential clinical role for hyperosmolar solutions in the prevention of liver injury associated with I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Oreopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rutgeerts P, Van Deventer S, Schreiber S. Review article: the expanding role of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease - focus on selective adhesion molecule inhibition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17:1435-50. [PMID: 12823145 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease presents in various forms. Its increasing incidence indicates that modern lifestyle triggers disease in genetically susceptible individuals. We present a model for inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology and review the new biological therapies available. These biological agents have been developed to antagonise the processes of pathogenic inflammation, such as the reduction in T-lymphocyte apoptosis, increase in T-lymphocyte proliferation and increase in T-lymphocyte trafficking into the intestinal mucosa. Inhibitors of various inflammatory cytokines, including some antagonists to tumour necrosis factor, are effective therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. However, this class is associated with the risk of rare, but serious, side-effects, such as opportunistic infections and demyelinating diseases. The administration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-10 and interleukin-11, may theoretically be effective in reducing inflammation, although the clinical development of some of these therapies has been terminated. The selective inhibition of the adhesion molecules involved in T-lymphocyte trafficking can be effective in reducing gut inflammation. Of the selective adhesion molecule inhibitors under investigation, natalizumab has demonstrated efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease. The future of biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rutgeerts
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhou T, Chen JL, Song W, Wang F, Zhang MJ, Ni PH, Geng JG. Effect of N-desulfated heparin on hepatic/renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:897-900. [PMID: 12378638 PMCID: PMC4656583 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i5.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of N-desulfated heparin on hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.
METHODS: Using rat models of 60 min hepatic or renal ischemia followed by 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h reperfusion, animals were randomly divided into following groups, the sham operated controls, ischemic group receiving only normal saline, and treated group receiving N-desulfated heparin at a dose of 12 mg/kg at 5 min before reperfusion. P-selectin expression was detected in hepatic/renal tissues with immunohistochemistry method.
RESULTS: P-selectin expression, serum ALT, AST, BUN and Cr levels were significantly increased during 60 minute ischemia and 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h reperfusion, while the increment was significantly inhibited, and hepatic/renal pathology observed by light microscopy was remarkably improved by treatment with the N-desulfated heparin. Furthermore, the heparin was found no effects on PT and KPTT.
CONCLUSION: P-selectin might mediate neutrophil infiltration and contribute to hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion. The N-desulfated heparin might prevent hepatic/renal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury without significant anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025,China.
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Issekutz AC, Mu JY, Liu G, Melrose J, Berg EL. E-selectin, but not P-selectin, is required for development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:1428-37. [PMID: 11407705 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1428::aid-art238>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin in the development and severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in the rat. METHODS Lewis rats were immunized subcutaneously with Mycobacterium butyricum (Mb), and blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to rat E- and P-selectin were administered. Clinical score, radiolabeled (51Cr and 111In) blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte migration to joints, and histologic features were monitored. RESULTS When mAb treatment was started on day 5 postimmunization with Mb (preclinical stage), development of AIA was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited by mAb to E- but not to P-selectin (mean score on day 14 control 10.2, anti-E 2.8, anti-P 9.1). This was associated with markedly decreased migration (by 66-94%) of PMN and monocytes to arthritic joints and diminished cartilage degradation. When treatment was delayed until animals showed signs of arthritis (day 10 postimmunization), only a marginal and variable effect was observed as compared with blockade during the preclinical (day 5) stage. E-selectin blockade on day 5 and day 7 postimmunization resulted in inhibition of antigen-dependent T cell-mediated inflammation, since it decreased T cell migration to sites of dermal-delayed hypersensitivity induced by Mb without affecting migration to concanavalin A or cytokines. The proliferative response of T cells to Mb in vitro was not altered. CONCLUSION E-selectin plays an important role early in the development of AIA. This adhesion molecule may contribute to the migration of antigen-reactive T cells to peripheral tissues, including the joints where T cells initiate the arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Terajima H, Enders G, Thiaener A, Hammer C, Kondo T, Thiery J, Yamamoto Y, Yamaoka Y, Messmer K. Impact of hyperthermic preconditioning on postischemic hepatic microcirculatory disturbances in an isolated perfusion model of the rat liver. Hepatology 2000; 31:407-15. [PMID: 10655264 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510310221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sublethal hyperthermia and the following recovery from this heat exposure, referred to as hyperthermic preconditioning, elicits a transient state of tolerance to oxidative insults through an intracellular protective response: stress response. The impact of hyperthermic preconditioning on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance, which is one of the determinants of ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury of the liver, was investigated by using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Thirty minutes of ischemia and a subsequent 120 minutes of reperfusion was induced in an in situ isolated perfusion model of Sprague-Dawley rats. Heat stress was given by whole-body hyperthermia, and a subsequent recovery was allowed for 18 or 48 hours, respectively. Postischemic decrease in sinusoidal perfusion rate and sinusoidal diameter, leukocyte stagnation in sinusoids, and leukocyte adhesion in postsinusoidal venules were significantly attenuated in both hyperthermia-pretreated groups. A recovery of bile production, a reduction of liver enzyme release, and an attenuation of tissue edema and histological damage were also observed. A marked expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and heme oxygenase (HO-1)/HSP32 was correlatively observed in the liver tissue coincident with the induction of these protective effects. Hyperthermic preconditioning provides a continuous long-term and constant inhibitory effect (up to 48 hours after heat exposure) on postischemic injury of the liver through the attenuation of microcirculatory disturbances. These beneficial effects might be associated with a concomitant increase in HSP70 and HO-1/HSP32 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Terajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Vendemiale G, Grattagliano I, Altomare E. An update on the role of free radicals and antioxidant defense in human disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY RESEARCH 1999; 29:49-55. [PMID: 10436261 DOI: 10.1007/s005990050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting clinical and experimental evidence indicates that free radicals play important roles in many physiological and pathological conditions. The wider application of free radical measurement has increased awareness of functional implications of radical-induced impairment of the oxidative/antioxidative balance. In the following review, the role of oxygen free radicals in some human and experimental pathological conditions is described, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which they produce oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic bases. The role of free radicals and the activation of the antioxidant systems in arteriosclerosis and ageing, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injury, ethanol intoxication, and liver steatosis is discussed. Therapeutic approaches to the use of antioxidants have been described and prospects for clinical use have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vendemiale
- Department of Internal and Occupational Medicine, University of Bari - Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare, II, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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Yadav SS, Howell DN, Gao W, Steeber DA, Harland RC, Clavien PA. L-selectin and ICAM-1 mediate reperfusion injury and neutrophil adhesion in the warm ischemic mouse liver. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:G1341-52. [PMID: 9843771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.6.g1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes recruited during ischemia-reperfusion to the liver are important mediators of injury. However, the mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion and the role of adhesion receptors in hepatic vasculature remain elusive. L-selectin may critically contribute to injury, priming adhesion for later action of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Paired experiments were performed using mutant mice (L-selectin -/-, ICAM-1 -/-, and L-selectin/ICAM-1 -/-) and wild-type mice (C57BL/6) to investigate leukocyte adhesion in the ischemic liver. Leukocyte adhesion and infiltration were assessed histologically. Aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly reduced (2- to 3-fold) in mutant vs. wild-type mice in most groups but most significantly after 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia. Leukocyte adhesion was significantly reduced in all mutant mice. Areas of microcirculatory failure, visualized by intravital microscopy, were prevalent in wild-type but virtually absent in L-selectin-deficient mice. After total hepatic ischemia for 75 or 90 min, survival was better in mutant L-selectin and L-selectin/ICAM-1 mice vs. wild-type mice and ICAM-1 mutants. In conclusion, L-selectin is critical in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Poor sinusoidal perfusion due to leukocyte adhesion and clot formation is a factor of injury and appears to involve L-selectin and ICAM-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Yadav
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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