1
|
Elíasdóttir S, Khramova A, Saeed A, Guron G, Boi R, Mölne J, Ebefors K, Nyström J. Serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA are elevated in patients with IgA nephropathy but do not correlate to disease activity or progression. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:160. [PMID: 37286948 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis globally. Because of the heterogeneity of the disease prognostic biomarkers are highly needed. AIM To investigate associations between galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) concentrations in plasma and urine and disease activity and progression in patients with IgAN. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected at the time of kidney biopsy (baseline) in patients with IgAN (n = 40) and analysed for Gd-IgA1. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) without IgAN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 19) were examined as controls. In 19 patients with IgAN, analyses of Gd-IgA1 were repeated after a median follow up time of approximately 10 years. RESULTS Serum Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1:IgA were significantly elevated at the time of kidney biopsy in patients with IgAN compared to patients with non-IgAN CKD and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Urinary Gd-IgA1:creatinine was significantly elevated in patients with IgAN compared to patients with non-IgAN CKD. Neither serum Gd-IgA1, nor serum Gd-IgA1:IgA, correlated significantly to estimated GFR, urine albumin:creatinine (UACR), or blood pressure, at baseline. Serum Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1:IgA at time of biopsy did not correlate significantly to annual changes in eGFR or UACR during follow up. In patients with IgAN, serum Gd-IgA1 decreased significantly over time during approximately 10 years of follow up (Δ-20 ± 85%, p = 0.027). Urinary Gd-IgA1:creatinine showed a strong positive correlation to UACR in patients with IgAN and likely reflected unspecific glomerular barrier injury. CONCLUSION Although serum Gd-IgA1 and the Gd-IgA1:IgA ratio were significantly elevated in patients with IgAN at the time of kidney biopsy they were not related to disease activity or progression in this patient cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigridur Elíasdóttir
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Alina Khramova
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Boi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barratt J, Lafayette R, Kristensen J, Stone A, Cattran D, Floege J, Tesar V, Trimarchi H, Zhang H, Eren N, Paliege A, Rovin BH, Karl A, Losisolo P, Trimarchi H, Hoyos IG, Lampo MG, Monkowski M, De La Fuente J, Alvarez M, Stoppa D, Chiurchiu C, Novoa PA, Orias M, Barron MB, Giotto A, Arriola M, Cassini E, Maldonado R, Dionisi MP, Ryan J, Toussaint N, Luxton G, Peh CA, Levidiotis V, Francis R, Phoon R, Fedosiuk E, Toropilov D, Yakubtsevich R, Mikhailova E, Bovy C, Demoulin N, Hougardy JM, Maes B, Speeckaert M, Laurin LP, Barbour S, Masse M, Hladunewich M, Reich H, Cournoyer S, Tennankore K, Barbour S, Lv J, Liu Z, Wang C, Li S, Luo Q, Ni Z, Yan T, Fu P, Cheng H, Liu B, Lu W, Wang J, Chen Q, Wang D, Xiong Z, Chen M, Xu Y, Wei J, Pai P, Chen L, Rehorova J, Maixnerova D, Safranek R, Rychlik I, Hruby M, Makela S, Vaaraniemi K, Ortiz F, Alamartine E, Daroux M, Cartery C, Vrtovsnik F, Serre JE, Stamellou E, Vielhauer V, Hugo C, Budde K, Otte B, Nitschke M, Ntounousi E, Boletis I, Papagianni A, Goumenos D, Stylianou K, Zermpala S, Esposito C, Cozzolino MG, Viganò SM, Gesualdo L, Nowicki M, Stompor T, Kurnatowska I, Kim SG, Kim YL, Na KR, Kim DK, Kim SH, Porras LQ, Garcia ER, Pamplona IA, Segarra A, Goicoechea M, Fellstrom B, Lundberg S, Hemmingsson P, Guron G, Sandell A, Chen CH, Tokgoz B, Duman S, Altiparmak MR, Ergul M, Maxwell P, Mark P, McCafferty K, Khwaja A, Cheung CK, Hall M, Power A, Kanigicherla D, Baker R, Moriarty J, Mohamed A, Aiello J, Canetta P, Ayoub I, Robinson D, Thakar S, Mottl A, Sachmechi I, Fischbach B, Singh H, Mulhern J, Kamal F, Linfert D, Rizk D, Wadhwani S, Sarav M, Campbell K, Coppock G, Luciano R, Sedor J, Avasare R, Lau WL. Results from part A of the multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled NefIgArd trial, which evaluated targeted-release formulation of budesonide for the treatment of primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney Int 2023; 103:391-402. [PMID: 36270561 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of a novel, targeted-release formulation of oral budesonide (Nefecon) for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was first demonstrated by the phase 2b NEFIGAN trial. To verify these findings, the phase 3 NefigArd trial tested the efficacy and safety of nine months of treatment with Nefecon (16 mg/d) versus placebo in adult patients with primary IgAN at risk of progressing to kidney failure (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03643965). NefIgArd was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled two-part trial. In Part A, 199 patients with IgAN were treated with Nefecon or placebo for nine months and observed for an additional three months. The primary endpoint for Part A was 24-hour urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) after nine months. Secondary efficacy outcomes evaluated included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at nine and 12 months and the UPCR at 12 months. At nine months, UPCR was 27% lower in the Nefecon group compared with placebo, along with a benefit in eGFR preservation corresponding to a 3.87 ml/min/1.73 m2 difference versus placebo (both significant). Nefecon was well-tolerated, and treatment-emergent adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in severity and reversible. Part B is ongoing and will be reported on later. Thus, NefIgArd is the first phase 3 IgA nephropathy trial to show clinically important improvements in UPCR and eGFR and confirms the findings from the phase 2b NEFIGAN study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barratt
- College of Medicine Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Lafayette
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Cattran
- Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, 1st School of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hernán Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Necmi Eren
- Department of Nephrology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kashioulis P, Guron CW, Svensson MK, Hammarsten O, Saeed A, Guron G. Patients with moderate chronic kidney disease without heart disease have reduced coronary flow velocity reserve. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2797-2806. [PMID: 32648666 PMCID: PMC7524098 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The overall aim was to identify sub‐clinical cardiac abnormalities by echocardiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4 and to investigate underlying mechanisms. Methods and results Ninety‐one patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, without a diagnosis of heart disease, and 41 healthy matched controls were included in this cross‐sectional study. Cardiac morphology and function were analysed with Doppler echocardiography and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in response to adenosine was measured in the left anterior descendent artery to detect coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). All study subjects had a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction > 50%. Patients with CKD showed statistically significant increases in left atrial volume index and transmitral and pulmonary vein flow velocities during atrial contraction and prolonged LV isovolumetric relaxation time. Patients with CKD had significantly reduced CFVR vs. controls (2.74 ± 0.86 vs. 3.40 ± 0.89, P < 0.001), and 43% of patients were classified as having CMD compared with 9% of controls (P = 0.001). Conclusions Patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, without a diagnosis of heart disease, showed early abnormalities in LV diastolic function that did not fulfil the criteria for LV dysfunction according to current guidelines. A large proportion of CKD patients had CMD, suggesting that microvascular abnormalities may have a pathogenic role in the development of heart failure in this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Kashioulis
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wallentin Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jansson H, Saeed A, Svensson MK, Finnved K, Hellström M, Guron G. Impact of Abdominal Aortic Calcification on Central Haemodynamics and Decline of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:950-960. [PMID: 31437840 DOI: 10.1159/000501687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Calcifications of large arteries are frequent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in this population. The aim of this study was to examine whether abdominal aortic calcification volume (AACV) was a predictor of the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. METHODS Eighty-four patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 were enrolled in this prospective observational study. At study entry, and annually, GFR was measured by plasma 51Cr-EDTA clearance. At baseline, haemodynamics was assessed and AACV was determined by computer tomography. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 3.4 years and mean decline in GFR was -2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. At baseline, abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was detected in 66 patients (79%). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the only statistically significant independent predictor of AAC. In patients with AAC, male gender (B = 0.413, p = 0.030), aortic diastolic blood pressure (B = -0.025, p = 0.001) and ankle-brachial index (B = -1.666, p = 0.002) were independently associated with AACV using a multiple linear regression analysis. Neither the presence nor the extent of AAC was significantly associated with the rate of change in GFR during follow-up. CONCLUSION In this cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, only age was an independent predictor of the presence of AAC. AACV was not associated with the rate of decline in GFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Finnved
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hellström
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rippe C, Albinsson S, Guron G, Nilsson H, Swärd K. Targeting transcriptional control of soluble guanylyl cyclase via NOTCH for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13094. [PMID: 29754438 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an effector enzyme of nitric oxide (NO). Recent work has unravelled how levels of this enzyme are controlled, and highlighted a role in vascular disease. We provide a timely summary of available knowledge on transcriptional regulation of sGC, including influences from the NOTCH signalling pathway and genetic variants. It is speculated that hypertension-induced repression of sGC starts a vicious circle that can be initiated by periods of stress, diet or genetic factors, and a key tenet is that reduction in sGC further raises blood pressure. The idea that dysregulation of sGC contributes to syndromes caused by defective NOTCH signalling is advanced, and we discuss drug repositioning for vascular disease prevention. The advantage of targeting sGC expression rather than activity is also considered. It is argued that transcriptional inputs on sGC arise from interactions with other cells, the extracellular matrix and microRNAs (miRNAs), and concluded that the promise of sGC as a target for prevention of cardiovascular disease has increased in recent time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - G. Guron
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - K. Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kashioulis P, Lundgren J, Shubbar E, Nguy L, Saeed A, Guron CW, Guron G. Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Rats: A Model of Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction but Preserved Ejection Fraction. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:1053-1064. [PMID: 29969785 DOI: 10.1159/000491056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (ACRF) develop severe renal insufficiency and metabolic abnormalities that closely resemble those in patients with uremia. The aim of the present study was to determine left ventricular (LV) morphology and function in rats with ACRF. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either chow containing adenine or were pair-fed an identical diet without adenine (controls, C). After 9-13 weeks animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and cardiac function was assessed both by echocardiography and by LV catheterization. RESULTS Rats with ACRF showed increases in serum creatinine (323±107 vs. 33±5 µM, P< 0.05), mean arterial pressure (115±6 vs. 106±7 mmHg, P< 0.05) and LV weight (3.4±0.3 vs. 2.5±0.2 mg/kg, P< 0.05) vs. controls. Rats with ACRF had reduced early diastolic tissue Doppler velocities in the LV, enlarged left atrial diameter (4.8±0.8 vs. 3.5±0.4 mm, P< 0.05) and elevated LV end-diastolic pressure (15±5 vs. 8±1 mmHg, P< 0.01). Cardiac output was increased in ACRF rats (211±66 vs. 149±24 ml/min, P< 0.05) and systolic function preserved. In the LV of ACRF rats there were statistically significant (P< 0.05) increases in cardiomyocyte diameter, proliferation and apoptosis, while there was no difference between groups in fibrosis. CONCLUSION Rats with ACRF develop LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction while systolic performance was preserved. There was an increased hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the LV of ACRF rats. The cardiac abnormalities in ACRF rats resemble those in patients with CKD in which heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is common. Hence, this experimental model is well suited for studying pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic renocardiac syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Kashioulis
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lundgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wallentin Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguy L, Shubbar E, Jernås M, Nookaew I, Lundgren J, Olsson B, Nilsson H, Guron G. Adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats decreases aortic relaxation rate and alters expression of proteins involved in vascular smooth muscle calcium handling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:250-264. [PMID: 27239807 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF) develop a reduced rate of relaxation of the thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this abnormality. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats received either chow containing adenine or were pair-fed with normal chow (controls). After 8-14 weeks, arterial function was analysed ex vivo using wire myography and the expression of proteins involved in vascular smooth muscle excitation-contraction coupling in the thoracic aorta was analysed. RESULTS The rate of relaxation following washout of KCl was reduced in A-CRF rats vs. controls in the thoracic aorta (P < 0.01), abdominal aorta (P < 0.05), and common carotid artery (P < 0.05), but not in the common femoral artery. Relaxation rates of thoracic aortas increased (P < 0.01), but were not normalized, in response to washout of KCl with Ca2+ -free buffer. Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling identified 10 genes, which showed significantly altered expression in A-CRF thoracic aortas. At the protein level, the α2 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase (P < 0.001) and SERCA2 (P < 0.05) was significantly downregulated, whereas stromal interaction molecule 1 and calsequestrin-1 and calsequestrin-2 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Rats with A-CRF show a marked alteration in relaxation of larger conduit arteries localized proximal to the common femoral artery. This abnormality may be caused by reduced cytosolic Ca2+ clearance in vascular smooth muscle cells secondary to dysregulation of proteins crucially involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology; Institute of Medicine; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - E. Shubbar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology; Institute of Medicine; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - M. Jernås
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Medicine; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - I. Nookaew
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
- Comparative Genomics Group; Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - J. Lundgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology; Institute of Medicine; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - B. Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - G. Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology; Institute of Medicine; Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modi Y, Shaaban H, Parikh N, Guron G, Maroules M. Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52:145. [PMID: 26838004 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Shaaban
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kashioulis P, Hammarsten O, Marcussen N, Shubbar E, Saeed A, Guron G. High-NaCl Diet Aggravates Cardiac Injury in Rats with Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure and Increases Serum Troponin T Levels. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 6:317-27. [PMID: 27648013 DOI: 10.1159/000446547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of 2 weeks of high-NaCl diet on left ventricular (LV) morphology and serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (ACRF). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats either received chow containing adenine or were pair-fed an identical diet without adenine [controls (C)]. Approximately 10 weeks after the beginning of the study, the rats were randomized to either remain on a normal NaCl diet (NNa; 0.6%) or to be switched to high-NaCl chow (HNa; 4%) for 2 weeks, after which acute experiments were performed. RESULTS Rats with ACRF showed statistically significant increases (p < 0.001) in arterial pressure (AP), LV weight and fibrosis, and serum cTnT levels compared to controls. Two weeks of high-NaCl intake augmented the increases in AP, LV weight and fibrosis, and serum cTnT concentrations only in ACRF rats (p < 0.05 for group × NaCl intake interaction). Compared to group C-NNa, cTnT levels were elevated approximately 6-fold in group ACRF-NNa and 24-fold in group ACRF-HNa. Focal LV injury with cardiomyocyte necrosis, scarring, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries were only detected in group ACRF-HNa. There was a strong correlation between the degree of LV fibrosis and serum cTnT levels in ACRF rats (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Two weeks of high-NaCl diet in rats with ACRF produces LV injury and aggravates increases in serum cTnT levels, presumably by causing hypertension-induced small artery lesions leading to myocardial ischemia. This model may be suitable for studying pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic renicardiac syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Kashioulis
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguy L, Nilsson H, Guron G. High salt intake aggravates aortic dysfunction in rats with adenine‐induced chronic renal failure (1136.13). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1136.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Institute of Medicine University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Institute of Medicine University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saeed A, DiBona GF, Grimberg E, Nguy L, Mikkelsen MLN, Marcussen N, Guron G. High-NaCl diet impairs dynamic renal blood flow autoregulation in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R411-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00383.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 2 wk of high-NaCl diet on kidney function and dynamic renal blood flow autoregulation (RBFA) in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (ACRF). Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either chow containing adenine or were pair-fed an identical diet without adenine (controls). After 10 wk, rats were randomized to either remain on the same diet (0.6% NaCl) or to be switched to high 4% NaCl chow. Two weeks after randomization, renal clearance experiments were performed under isoflurane anesthesia and dynamic RBFA, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), systolic arterial pressure variability (SAPV), and heart rate variability were assessed by spectral analytical techniques. Rats with ACRF showed marked reductions in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow (RBF), whereas mean arterial pressure and SAPV were significantly elevated. In addition, spontaneous BRS was reduced by ∼50% in ACRF animals. High-NaCl diet significantly increased transfer function fractional gain values between arterial pressure and RBF in the frequency range of the myogenic response (0.06–0.09 Hz) only in ACRF animals (0.3 ± 4.0 vs. −4.4 ± 3.8 dB; P < 0.05). Similarly, a high-NaCl diet significantly increased SAPV in the low-frequency range only in ACRF animals. To conclude, a 2-wk period of a high-NaCl diet in ACRF rats significantly impaired dynamic RBFA in the frequency range of the myogenic response and increased SAPV in the low-frequency range. These abnormalities may increase the susceptibility to hypertensive end-organ injury and progressive renal failure by facilitating pressure transmission to the microvasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerald F. DiBona
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Elisabeth Grimberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nowakowska-Fortuna E, Saeed A, Guron G, Fu M, Hammarsten O, Jensen G, Herlitz H. Brain Natriuretic Peptides in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Effects of Renal Angioplasty. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:657-66. [DOI: 10.1159/000355746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Nguy L, Johansson ME, Grimberg E, Lundgren J, Teerlink T, Carlström M, Lundberg JO, Nilsson H, Guron G. Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure develop low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension and increased aortic stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R744-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00562.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF) develop metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities resembling those in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hypertension in this model and to assess aortic stiffness in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equipped with radiotelemetry probes for arterial pressure recordings and received either chow containing adenine or normal control diet. At 7 to 11 wk after study start, blood pressure responses to high NaCl (4%) diet and different pharmacological interventions were analyzed. Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured under isoflurane anesthesia. Baseline 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 101 ± 10 and 119 ± 9 mmHg in controls and A-CRF animals, respectively ( P < 0.01). After 5 days of a high-NaCl diet, MAP had increased by 24 ± 6 mmHg in A-CRF animals vs. 2 ± 1 mmHg in controls ( P < 0.001). Candesartan (10 mg/kg by gavage) produced a more pronounced reduction of MAP in controls vs. A-CRF animals (−12 ± 3 vs. −5 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.05). Aortic pulse wave velocity was elevated in A-CRF rats (5.10 ± 0.51 vs. 4.58 ± 0.17 m/s, P < 0.05). Plasma levels of creatinine were markedly elevated in A-CRF animals (259 ± 46 vs. 31 ± 2 μM, P < 0.001), whereas plasma renin activity was suppressed (0.6 ± 0.5 vs. 12.3 ± 7.3 μg·l−1·h−1, P < 0.001). In conclusion, hypertension in A-CRF animals is characterized by low plasma renin activity and is aggravated by high-NaCl diet, suggesting a pathogenic role for sodium retention and hypervolemia probably secondary to renal insufficiency. Additionally, aortic stiffness was elevated in A-CRF animals as indicated by increased aortic pulse wave velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Grimberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lundgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lai CF, Lin SL, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Kuo ML, Tsai TJ, Hwang HS, Choi YA, Park KC, Yang KJ, Choi HS, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Chang YK, Kim SY, Yang CW, Xiujuan Z, Yoshimura R, Matsuyama M, Chargui J, Touraine JL, Yoshimura N, Zulkarnaev AB, Vasilenko IA, Artemov DV, Vatazin AV, Park SK, Kang KP, Lee S, Kim W, Schneider R, Betz B, Moller-Ehrlich K, Wanner C, Sauvant C, Yang KJ, Park KC, Choi HS, Kim SH, Choi YA, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Yang CW, Hwang HS, Sohotnik R, Nativ O, Abbasi A, Awad H, Frajewicki V, Armaly Z, Heyman SN, Nativ O, Abassi Z, Chen PY, Chen BL, Yang CC, Chiang CK, Liu SH, Abozahra AE, Abd-Elkhabir AA, Shokeir A, Hussein A, Awadalla A, Barakat N, Abdelaziz A, Yamaguchi J, Tanaka T, Eto N, Nangaku M, Quiros Y, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Perez de Obanos MP, Ruiz J, Lopez-Novoa JM, Shin HS, Kim MJ, Choi YJ, Ryu ES, Choi HS, Kang DH, Jankauskas SS, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Babenko VA, Morosanova MA, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB, Huang CY, Huang TM, Wu VC, Young GH, Plotnikov EY, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Chupyrkina AA, Zorov SD, Zorov DB, Grande JP, Hartono SP, Knudsen BE, Mederle K, Castrop H, Hocherl K, Iwakura T, Fujikura T, Ohashi N, Yasuda H, Fujigaki Y, Matsui I, Hamano T, Inoue K, Obi Y, Nakano C, Kusunoki Y, Tsubakihara Y, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Shimomura A, Wallentin Guron C, Nguy L, Lundgren J, Grimberg E, Kashioulis P, Guron G, Guron G, DiBona GF, Nguy L, Grimberg E, Lundgren J, Nedergaard Mikkelsen M, Marcussen N, Saeed A, Edvardsson K, Lindberg K, Larsson T, Ito K, Nakashima H, Watanabe M, Abe Y, Ogahara S, Saito T, Albertoni G, Borges F, Schor N, Beresneva ON, Parastayeva MM, Kucher AG, Ivanova GT, Shved N, Rybakova MG, Kayukov IG, Smirnov AV, Chen JF, Ni HF, Pan MM, Liu H, Xu M, Zhang MH, Liu BC, Kim Y, Choi BS, Kim YS, Han JS, Reis LA, Christo JS, Simoes MDJ, Schor N, Mulay SR, Santhosh Kumar VR, Kulkarni OP, Darisipudi M, Lech M, Anders HJ, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Jankauskas SS, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Zorov SD, Morosanova MA, Sola A, Jung M, Ventayol M, Mastora C, Buenestado S, Hotter G, Rong S, Shushakova N, Wensvoort G, Haller H, Gueler F, Pan MM, Zhang MH, Ni HF, Chen JF, Xu M, Liu BC, Morais C, Vesey DA, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Godo M, Kaucsar T, Revesz C, Hamar P, Cheng Q, Wen J, Ma Q, Zhao J, Castellano G, Stasi A, Di Palma AM, Gigante M, Netti GS, Curci C, Intini A, Divella C, Prattichizzo C, Fiaccadori E, Pertosa G, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Wei QW, Jing QQ, Ying NJ, Dong QZ, Yong G, Choi YJ, Kim MJ, Shin HS, Ryu ES, Choi HS, Kang DH, Pevzner IB, Pulkova NV, Plotnikov EY, Zorova LD, Silachev DN, Morosanova MA, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB, Kim S, Lee J, Nam NJ, Na KY, Han JS, Ma SK, Joo SY, Kim CS, Choi JS, Bae EH, Lee J, Kim SW, Cernaro V, Medici MA, Donato V, Trimboli D, Lorenzano G, Santoro D, Montalto G, Buemi M, Longo V, Segreto HRC, Almeida W, Schor N, Ramos MF, Gomes L, Razvickas C, Schor N, Gueler F, Rong S, Gutberlet M, Meier M, Mengel M, Wacker D, Haller H, Hueper K, Uzum A, Ersoy R, Cakalagaoglu F, Karaman M, Kolatan E, Sahin O, Yilmaz O, Cirit M, Inal S, Koc E, Okyay GU, Pasaoglu O, Gonul I, Oyar E, Pasaoglu H, Guz G, Sabbatini M, Rossano R, Andreucci M, Pisani A, Riccio E, Choi DE, Jeong JY, Kim SS, Chang YK, Na KR, Lee KW, Shin YT, Silva AF, Teixeira VC, Schor N, Meszaros K, Koleganova-Gut N, Schaefer F, Ritz E, Walacides D, Ruskamp N, Rong S, Hueper K, Meier M, Haller H, Schiffer M, Gueler F, Marom O, Haick H, Nakhoul F, Chen JF, Liu H, Ni HF, Lv LL, Zhang MH, Tang RN, Zhang JD, Ma KL, Chen PS, Liu BC, Wu VC, Young GH, Chen YM, Ko WJ, Misiara GP, Coimbra TM, Silva GEB, Costa RS, Francescato HDC, Neto MM, Dantas M, Lindberg K, Olauson H, Amin R, Ponnusamy A, Goetz R, Mohammadi M, Canfield A, Kublickiene K, Larsson T, Rodriguez J, Reyes EP, Cortes PP, Fernandez R, Yoon HE, Koh ES, Chung S, Shin SJ, Pazzano D, Montalto G, Cernaro V, Lupica R, Torre F, Costantino G, Buemi M, Prieto M, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Lopez-Hernandez F, Lopez-Novoa JM, Morales AI, Vicente-Vicente L, Ferreira L, Christo JS, Reis LA, Simoes MJ, Passos CD, Schor NS, Shimizu MHM, Canale D, de Braganca AC, Andrade L, Luchi WM, Seguro AC, Canale D, de Braganca AC, Goncalves J, Shimizu MHM, Volpini RA, Andrade L, Seguro AC, Garrido P, Fernandes J, Ribeiro S, Vala H, Parada B, Alves R, Belo L, Costa E, Santos-Silva A, Reis F. AKI - experimental models. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Nguy L, Lundgren J, Nilsson H, Guron G. Abstract 337: Mechanisms of Reduced Aortic Relaxation Rate in Rats with Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF) in rats causes a pronounced reduction in the rate of relaxation of the thoracic aorta, but not of mesenteric arteries. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms causing a decreased rate of relaxation in the thoracic aorta of rats with A-CRF and to examine if this abnormality was specific for this vascular bed or comprised also other conductance arteries. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either chow containing adenine (0.5% week 1-3, 0.3% w. 4-5, and 0.15% thereafter) or were pair-fed an identical diet without adenine (controls). After 8-13 weeks segments of thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, common carotid artery and common femoral artery were analyzed ex vivo with wire myograph. Data are means±SD. Plasma creatinine levels were markedly elevated in A-CRF animals (306±139 vs. 31±3 μM, P<0.001). The area under the curve for the initial 50 % reduction in force (reflecting relaxation rate) following wash-out of KCl was significantly elevated in A-CRF animals in the thoracic aorta (3.7-fold vs. controls, P<0.01), abdominal aorta (5.6-fold vs. controls, P<0.05), carotid artery (7.0-fold vs. controls, P<0.05), but was not significantly affected in the femoral artery. Removal of endothelium did not affect relaxation rate significantly in A-CRF thoracic aortas. However, aortic relaxation rate increased significantly (P<0.01), but was not normalized, in response to wash-out of KCl with Ca2+-free buffer. Thoracic aortas from A-CRF animals showed an increased sensitivity to KCl (log EC50 values -1.67±0.05 vs. -1.74±0.04 M in controls and A-CRF, respectively, P<0.01) but an unaltered sensitivity to Ca2+ during concentration-response experiments. In conclusion, rats with A-CRF show a pronounced reduction in the rate of relaxation of larger conductance arteries localized proximal to the common femoral artery. This abnormality, which could contribute to increased arterial stiffness, is independent of the endothelium but partly dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The increased sensitivity to KCl in the presence of a normal sensitivity to Ca2+ in A-CRF aortas could indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells of A-CRF aortas are more depolarized but this needs to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Dept of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Univ of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lundgren
- Dept of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Univ of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Dept of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Univ of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Dept of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Univ of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guron G, Jönsson KZ, Saeed A, Nowakowska-Fortuna E, Jensen G, Herlitz H. [Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: Revascularization is of benefit--on the right patient and on the correct indication]. Lakartidningen 2012; 109:1354-1355. [PMID: 22913118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
17
|
Nguy L, Nilsson H, Lundgren J, Johansson ME, Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Guron G. Vascular function in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1426-35. [PMID: 22513744 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the function of resistance arteries, and the aorta, in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to chow with or without adenine supplementation. After 6-10 wk, mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortas were analyzed ex vivo by wire myography. Plasma creatinine concentrations were elevated twofold at 2 wk, and eight-fold at the time of death in A-CRF animals. Ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured by radiotelemetry were significantly elevated in A-CRF animals from week 3 and onward. At death, A-CRF animals had anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and oxidative stress markers. There were no significant differences between groups in the sensitivity, or maximal response, to ACh, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), norepinephrine, or phenylephrine in either mesenteric arteries or aortas. However, in A-CRF animals, the rate of aortic relaxation was significantly reduced following washout of KCl (both in intact and endothelium-denuded aorta) and in response to ACh and SNP. Also the rate of contraction in response to KCl was significantly reduced in A-CRF animals both in mesenteric arteries and aortas. The media of A-CRF aortas was thickened and showed focal areas of fragmented elastic lamellae and disorganized smooth muscle cells. No vascular calcifications could be detected. These results indicate that severe renal failure for a duration of less than 10 wk in this model primarily affects the aorta and mainly slows the rate of relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saeed A, DiBona GF, Guron G. Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists on Renal Hemodynamics in Angiotensin II-Infused Rats on High NaCl Intake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 36:258-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000343415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Saeed A, Herlitz H, Nowakowska-Fortuna E, Nilsson U, Alhadad A, Jensen G, Mattiasson I, Lindblad B, Gottsäter A, Guron G. Oxidative Stress and Endothelin-1 in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Effects of Renal Angioplasty. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 34:396-403. [DOI: 10.1159/000328732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Nowakowska Fortuna E, Herlitz H, Saeed A, Attman PO, Jensen G, Alaupovic P, Guron G. Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 34:311-9. [PMID: 21613792 DOI: 10.1159/000325648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) have a high risk of cardiovascular death. The primary aim was to characterize abnormalities in apolipoprotein (Apo)-defined lipoprotein (Lp) subclasses in patients with ARVD. METHODS Baseline measurements were performed on 42 patients with ARVD 4 weeks after renal angioplasty (PTRA). All patients were on statin treatment. Twenty age-matched healthy subjects without medications served as controls. Subsequently, patients were randomized to treatment with either candesartan (n = 21), or antihypertensive treatment without inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (n = 21) and followed for 11 months. RESULTS At baseline, ApoC-III (12.7 ± 4.6 vs. 8.8 ± 2.6 (SD) mg/dl, p < 0.05), LpB:C:E (13.3 ± 5.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.3 mg/dl, p < 0.05), and the sum of ApoC-III-containing lipoproteins, i.e. LpB:C + LpB:C:E + LpA-II:B:C:D:E (46 ± 15 vs. 37 ± 8 mg/dl, p < 0.05), were significantly elevated in ARVD patients versus healthy controls. Multiple regression analyses showed that only plasma renin activity was independently associated with ApoC-III levels at baseline (p < 0.05, r = 0.74). Treatment with candesartan did not correct abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ARVD treated with statins have an atherogenic lipoprotein profile characterized by elevated levels of ApoC-III-containing, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that could accelerate atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Nowakowska Fortuna
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Guron G. Urotensin-II receptor antagonism does not improve renal haemodynamics or function in rats with endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 37:1170-5. [PMID: 20880186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Urotensin-II (U-II) is a vasoactive peptide that influences renal haemodynamics and kidney function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the selective U-II receptor antagonist, urantide, on renal haemodynamics, oxygenation and function in endotoxaemic rats. 2. Endotoxaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O127:B8, 7.5 mg/kg). At 16 h after endotoxin was given, renal clearance experiments were carried out in thiobutabarbital anaesthetized rats. Group 1, sham-saline; group 2, sham-urantide; group 3 LPS-saline; and group 4, LPS-urantide received isotonic saline or urantide (0.2 mg/kg bolus intravenously, followed by an infusion of 1.2 mg/kg/h throughout) after baseline measurements. Kidney function, renal blood flow (RBF), and cortical and outer medullary perfusion (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and oxygen tension (Clark-type microelectrodes) were analysed during 2 h of drug administration. 3. At baseline, endotoxaemic rats showed approximately 50% reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and RBF (P < 0.05), a decline in cortical and outer medullary perfusion and pO(2) (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP; P < 0.05) compared with saline-injected controls. In sham animals, urantide in a dose that did not significantly influence MAP or RBF, increased GFR (P < 0.05 time × treatment interaction) and filtration fraction (P < 0.05 treatment effect). However, urantide had no statistically significant effects on any of the investigated variables in endotoxaemic rats. 4. These findings show that U-II, through the UT receptor, does not contribute to abnormalities in renal haemodynamics and function in endotoxaemic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saeed A, DiBona GF, Marcussen N, Guron G. High-NaCl intake impairs dynamic autoregulation of renal blood flow in ANG II-infused rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1142-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00326.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) in ANG II-infused rats and the influence of high-NaCl intake. Sprague-Dawley rats received ANG II (250 ng·kg−1·min−1 sc) or saline vehicle (sham) for 14 days after which acute renal clearance experiments were performed during thiobutabarbital anesthesia. Rats ( n = 8–10 per group) were either on a normal (NNa; 0.4% NaCl)- or high (HNa; 8% NaCl)-NaCl diet. Separate groups were treated with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempol; 1 M in drinking water). Transfer function analysis from arterial pressure to RBF in the frequency domain was used to examine the myogenic response (MR; 0.06–0.09 Hz) and the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism (TGF; 0.03–0.06 Hz). MAP was elevated in ANG II-infused rats compared with sham groups ( P < 0.05). RBF in ANG II HNa was reduced vs. sham NNa and sham HNa (6.0 ± 0.3 vs. 7.9 ± 0.3 and 9.1 ± 0.3 ml·min−1·g kidney wt−1, P < 0.05). transfer function gain in ANG II HNa was significantly elevated in the frequency range of the MR (1.26 ± 0.50 dB, P < 0.05 vs. all other groups) and in the frequency range of the TGF (−0.02 ± 0.50 dB, P < 0.05 vs. sham NNa and sham HNa). Gain values in the frequency range of the MR and TGF were significantly reduced by tempol in ANG II-infused rats on HNa diet. In summary, the MR and TGF components of RBF autoregulation were impaired in ANG II HNa, and these abnormalities were attenuated by tempol, suggesting a pathogenetic role for superoxide in the impaired RBF autoregulatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerald F. DiBona
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nitescu N, DiBona GF, Grimberg E, Guron G. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Abnormalities in Dynamic Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation in Rats with Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 33:200-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000316705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Herlitz H, Guron G. ROLE OF ENDOTHELIN ETAAND ETBRECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN THE REGULATION OF INTRARENAL BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN TENSION IN RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1227-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Herlitz H, Guron G. Endothelin B receptors preserve renal blood flow in a normotensive model of endotoxin-induced acute kidney dysfunction. Shock 2008; 29:402-9. [PMID: 17693943 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181454118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the role of endothelin 1 receptor subtypes in the early renal response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during normotensive endotoxemia with acute kidney dysfunction. Endotoxemia was induced in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized rats (n = 9 per group) by infusion of LPS (dosage, 1 mg/kg per hour i.v.). The study groups (1) sham-saline, (2) LPS-saline, (3) LPS-BQ123, (4) LPS-BQ788 and (5) LPS-BQ123 + BQ788 received isotonic saline, the ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (dosage, 30 nmol/kg per minute i.v.), and/or the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (dosage, 30 nmol/kg per minute i.v.) before and during 2 h of LPS infusion. Renal clearance measurements, renal blood flow (RBF), and cortical and outer medullary perfusion (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and oxygen tension (Clark-type microelectrodes) were analyzed throughout. Before LPS administration, there were no significant differences between groups in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), RBF, or in cortical (CLDF) and outer medullary perfusion. However, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was elevated in LPS-BQ788 group compared with LPS-BQ123 + BQ788 group (P < 0.05). In saline-treated rats, endotoxin induced an approximate 35% reduction in GFR (P < 0.05), without significant effects on MAP, RBF, or on CLDF and cortical PO2. In addition, LPS increased outer medullary perfusion and PO2 (P < 0.05). The fractional urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium, and water were not significantly different in LPS-saline group compared with sham-saline group. Neither selective nor combined ETA and ETB receptor blockade improved GFR. In BQ-788-infused rats, endotoxin produced marked reductions in RBF (-18% +/- 4% [P < 0.05]) and CLDF (-18% +/- 2% [P < 0.05]). Similarly, endotoxin decreased RBF (-14% +/- 3% [P < 0.05]) and CLDF (-10% +/- 2% [P < 0.05]) in LPS-BQ123 + BQ788 group. Endotoxin reduced MAP (-22% +/- 4% [P < 0.05]) in BQ-123-treated rats but did not significantly influence MAP in other groups. We conclude that in early normotensive endotoxemia, ETB receptors exert a renal vasodilator influence and contribute to maintain normal RBF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alhadad A, Guron G, Fortuna-Nowakowska E, Saeed A, Mattiasson I, Jensen G, Lindblad B, Gottsäter A, Herlitz H. Renal angioplasty causes a rapid transient increase in inflammatory biomarkers, but reduced levels of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 1 month after intervention. J Hypertens 2007; 25:1907-14. [PMID: 17762656 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328244e2ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prospectively whether inflammatory biomarkers and endothelin (ET)-1 are increased in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS), and to investigate how treatment with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) affects these variables during the first month after intervention. METHODS One hundred patients with suspected RAS undergoing renal angiography were included. PTRA was performed if the trans-stenotic mean arterial pressure gradient was>or=10 mmHg. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), neopterin, CD40 ligand (CD40L) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured before, and 1 day and 1 month after PTRA (n=61) or diagnostic angiography only (n=39). RESULTS At baseline there were no significant differences in inflammatory biomarkers or ET-1 levels between patients subsequently undergoing PTRA or angiography only. After angiography, IL-6 and hs-CRP had increased in both groups compared to baseline (P<0.001). At this time point hs-CRP (10.90+/-1.48 versus 6.37+/-1.61 mg/l; P<0.05) and IL-6 (13.70+/-0.94 versus 13.00+/-0.17 pg/ml; P<0.01) were higher in the PTRA group than in patients subjected to angiography only. One month after PTRA, systolic blood pressure and levels of IL-6 and ET-1 were lower than before intervention (P<0.05), whereas CD40L had increased compared to baseline (P<0.01). CONCLUSION In patients with RAS, PTRA triggers rapid transient increases in hs-CRP and IL-6; however, 1 month after PTRA, both IL-6 and ET-1 had decreased compared to before intervention, indicating beneficial effects of PTRA on inflammation and the endothelin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alhadad
- University of Lund, Department of Vascular Diseases, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Marcussen N, Guron G. Thrombin inhibition with melagatran does not attenuate renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22:2149-55. [PMID: 17405786 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) is associated with activation of the coagulation system and inflammation within the kidney. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of selective thrombin inhibition with melagatran on kidney morphology and function in rats subjected to renal IR. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent renal IR (35 min of bilateral renal arterial clamping), or sham surgery. Treatment groups were: (i) IR-Saline, (ii) IR-Melagatran, (iii) Sham-Saline, and (iv) Sham-Melagatran. Twenty minutes prior to renal IR, the rats were administered a bolus dose of saline vehicle or melagatran [0.5 mumol/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)] followed by a continuous infusion throughout (0.08 micromol/kg/h, s.c.). Forty-eight hours after IR, renal function was assessed in anaesthetized animals and kidney histology was analysed semi-quantitatively. RESULTS Rats in group IR-Saline showed an approximate 85% reduction in glomerular filtration rate, 5-fold increases in fractional urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium and water, and marked renal histological abnormalities, compared with sham (P < 0.05). Renal histopathological changes in the cortex and outer medulla were characterized by tubular necrosis and atrophy, tubular cast formation and interstitial inflammation. In addition, there was significant vascular congestion in the inner stripe of the outer medullary zone. Melagatran treatment had no significant effects on any of the abnormalities in kidney morphology or function in rats subjected to renal IR. Plasma melagatran concentrations were within a range known to exert significant antithrombotic effects, throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin inhibition with melagatran did not ameliorate abnormalities in kidney morphology or function 48 h after renal IR. These results indicate that melagatran is not renoprotective in rats subjected to renal IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
A 20-year-old, previously healthy woman, presented with high fever, headache and myalgia 3 days after her return from a holiday in Southeast Asia. Laboratory data on admission demonstrated a pronounced increase in plasma creatinine, marked thrombocytopenia and moderately elevated liver aminotransferases. After having ruled out malaria, dengue fever was primarily suspected and supportive intravenous fluid therapy was initiated. Still, 1 day after admission, platelet counts dropped even further and she became anuric although she did not appear hypovolemic. On day 2 after admission, urine production commenced spontaneously and the patient slowly recovered. All laboratory test results had returned to normal approximately 2 months later. Serological analysis for dengue fever was negative. It turned out that the patient had been trekking in the jungle while in Thailand and we, therefore, analyzed serology for Leptospira spirochetes which was clearly positive. The patient was diagnosed with leptospirosis which is a serious condition associated with a high mortality when complicated by acute renal failure. Differential diagnoses in patients with acute renal failure and tropical infections are reviewed. The importance of early recognition of leptospirosis, and prompt treatment with antibiotics in suspected cases, is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Marcussen N, Nordlinder H, Guron G. Effects of thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function and liver integrity during early endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R1117-24. [PMID: 17068159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00471.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with an activation of the coagulation system and multiorgan failure. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of selective thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function, and liver integrity, during early endotoxemia. Endotoxemia was induced in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized rats by an intravenous bolus dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 6 mg/kg). Sham-Saline, LPS-Saline, and LPS-Melagatran study groups received isotonic saline or melagatran immediately before (0.75 micromol/kg iv) and continuously during (0.75 micromol.kg(-1).h(-1) iv) 4.5 h of endotoxemia. Kidney function, renal blood flow (RBF), and intrarenal cortical and outer medullary perfusion (OMLDF) measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry were analyzed throughout. Markers of liver injury and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in plasma after 4.5 h of endotoxemia. In addition, liver histology and gene expression were examined. Melagatran treatment prevented the decline in OMLDF observed in the LPS-Saline group (P < 0.05, LPS-Melagatran vs. LPS-Saline). However, melagatran did not ameliorate reductions in mean arterial pressure, RBF, renal cortical perfusion, and glomerular filtration rate or attenuate tubular dysfunctions during endotoxemia. Melagatran reduced the elevated plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (-34 +/- 11%, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (-21 +/- 7%, P < 0.05), bilirubin (-44 +/- 9%, P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha (-32 +/- 14%, P < 0.05) in endotoxemia. Melagatran did not diminish histological abnormalities in the liver or the elevated hepatic gene expression of TNF-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in endotoxemic rats. In summary, thrombin inhibition with melagatran preserved renal OMLDF, attenuated liver dysfunction, and reduced plasma TNF-alpha levels during early endotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saeed A, Guron G, Oldfors A, Lindelöw B, Herlitz H. Cardiac fibrosis triggered by the kidney: a case report. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1713-5. [PMID: 16554331 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aso Saeed
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Blå Stråket 7, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nitescu N, Ricksten SE, Marcussen N, Haraldsson B, Nilsson U, Basu S, Guron G. N-acetylcysteine attenuates kidney injury in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1240-7. [PMID: 16390850 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfk032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing anti-oxidant, on renal function and morphology, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, in rats subjected to renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and either contralateral renal IR (40 min of renal arterial clamping), or sham manipulation. Treatment groups were: (1) IR-Saline, (2) IR-NAC, (3) Sham-Saline and (4) Sham-NAC. The N-acetylcysteine was administered in a dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 24, 12 and 2 h before, and 24, 48 and 72 h after, renal IR. Plasma creatinine was measured on days 1, 3 and 7 after IR, and kidney histology was assessed on day 7. In separate groups of animals we measured renal levels of the anti-oxidant glutathione, markers of systemic oxidative stress (plasma ascorbyl radical, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, on day 1 after renal IR. RESULTS Treatment with NAC ameliorated the decline in GFR and reduced hyperkalaemia on day 1 (P<0.05), lowered plasma creatinine levels on days 1 and 3 (P<0.05), and decreased renal interstitial inflammation on day 7 (P<0.05), after renal IR. Kidney glutathione levels decreased significantly in group IR-Saline in response to IR (P<0.05), but were completely repleted in group IR-NAC. Groups with renal IR injury and acute renal failure showed increased plasma ascorbyl radical levels, and elevated urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion, compared with sham (P<0.05). N-acetylcysteine treatment reduced plasma ascorbyl concentrations 24 h after renal IR (P<0.05), but had no effect on the rate of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion. CONCLUSIONS N-acetylcysteine improves kidney function, and reduces renal interstitial inflammation, in rats subjected to renal IR. These effects were associated with increased renal glutathione levels, and decreased plasma ascorbyl concentrations, suggesting that NAC attenuates renal and systemic oxidative stress in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Surgical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Guron G. EFFECTS OF N-ACETYL-l-CYSTEINE ON RENAL HAEMODYNAMICS AND FUNCTION IN EARLY ISCHAEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:53-7. [PMID: 16445699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) severely compromises kidney function and has been shown to cause persistent abnormalities in intrarenal blood flow. The aim of the present study was to examine whether N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing anti-oxidant, improves renal haemodynamics and function during early reperfusion in rats subjected to renal IR. 2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups receiving either isotonic saline (IR-Saline; n = 8) or NAC (IR-NAC; n = 8) prior to (200 mg/kg, i.p., 24 and 12 h before acute experimentation) and during acute renal clearance experiments (bolus 150 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 43 mg/kg per h, i.v.). During acute experimentation, thiobutabarbital-anaesthetized rats were subjected to a right-sided nephrectomy, followed by left kidney IR (40 min renal artery occlusion). Left kidney function and blood flow and intrarenal cortical and outer medullary perfusion measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry was analysed at baseline, during ischaemia and for 80 min of reperfusion. 3. Renal IR produced an approximate 85% reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a pronounced increase in fractional urinary sodium excretion, throughout reperfusion, with no statistically significant differences between groups. 4. During reperfusion, total renal blood flow and cortical and outer medullary perfusion rapidly returned to levels not significantly different from baseline in both groups. The relative increase in renal vascular resistance in response to IR was more pronounced in NAC-treated rats compared with saline-treated animals (P < 0.05). 5. In conclusion, treatment with NAC did not improve kidney function during the first 80 min after renal IR. In addition, the marked reduction in GFR following reperfusion was not associated with any detectable abnormalities in intrarenal perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Surgical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guron G, Mölne J, Swerkersson S, Friberg P, Hansson S. A 14-year-old girl with renal abnormalities after brief intrauterine exposure to enalapril during late gestation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:522-5. [PMID: 16311256 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Guron
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
1. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during kidney development produces chronic alterations in renal morphology and function that have been characterized in detail in adult animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the consequences of neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on renal haemodynamics and function in rats at a much earlier age, namely 3-4 weeks. 2. Male Wistar pups received daily intraperitoneal injections of enalapril (10 mg/kg) or isotonic saline from birth until 24-28 days of age, when renal haemodynamics and function were assessed using clearance techniques under pentobarbital anaesthesia. 3. Enalapril-treated rats showed significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR; -44 +/- 6%; P < 0.05), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF; -33 +/- 6%; P < 0.05) and filtration fraction (-16 +/- 3%; P < 0.05) compared with saline-treated controls. Although mean arterial pressure tended to be lower in enalapril-treated rats, this group demonstrated a significant increase in renal vascular resistance compared with control rats (RVR; 46 +/- 6 vs 32 +/- 3 mmHg/mL per.min per g.kidney weight, respectively; P < 0.05). In enalapril-treated rats, urine osmolality was reduced (-59 +/- 5%; P < 0.05) and urine flow rate and fractional urinary excretion rates of sodium and potassium were markedly elevated compared with controls (P < 0.05). Enalapril-treated rats showed severe renal histological abnormalities, including wall thickening of cortical arterioles, papillary atrophy and tubulointerstitial alterations, mimicking those described previously in similarly treated rats examined in adulthood. 4. In conclusion, neonatal ACE inhibition in rats induces pronounced alterations in renal haemodynamics and function, characterized by reductions in ERPF and GFR, increased RVR and impaired tubular sodium and water reabsorption, which are evident at weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Guron
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine and Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Singh G, Randhawa D, Randhawa S, Amin A, Baddoura W, Guron G. Racial disparity in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in individuals less than 50 years of age. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Singh
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - D. Randhawa
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - S. Randhawa
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - A. Amin
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - W. Baddoura
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - G. Guron
- St. Joseph Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall University-St Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abo SM, Sengar A, Ryan K, Malinowski J, Randhawa D, Guron G. The optimal dose of ondansetron as premedication for moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Abo
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - A. Sengar
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - K. Ryan
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - J. Malinowski
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - D. Randhawa
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - G. Guron
- Seton Hall University-St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Janbay N, Nath R, Guron G, Razzak AR, Prvulovic A, Mansour L, Joshi N, Ghanem Z, Abd Al-Noor N, Maroules M. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLCA): Does the size of the tumor and the patient’s age predict brain metastases? J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Janbay
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - R. Nath
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - G. Guron
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - A. R. Razzak
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - A. Prvulovic
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - L. Mansour
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - N. Joshi
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - Z. Ghanem
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - N. Abd Al-Noor
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| | - M. Maroules
- St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ; St. Michael’s Medcl Ctr, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lasaitiene D, Chen Y, Guron G, Marcussen N, Tarkowski A, Telemo E, Friberg P. Perturbed medullary tubulogenesis in neonatal rat exposed to renin-angiotensin system inhibition. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18:2534-41. [PMID: 14605275 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfg447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological interruption of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT(1)) signalling during nephrogenesis in rats induces irreversible abnormalities in kidney morphology, comprising papillary atrophy and tubulointerstitial damage, which are characterized by tubular dilatation/atrophy and interstitial inflammation/fibrosis. This study determined the time course for development of tubular structural and inflammatory changes and possible cytokine production in the renal medulla of newborn rats exposed to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Additionally, medullary expression of E-cadherin, a marker for tubular formation, was investigated in ACE-inhibited rats. METHODS Newborn rats were exposed (postnatal days 0-12) to ACE inhibitor enalapril and killed at days 1, 2, 4, 9 and 13. One kidney was used for morphological evaluation and the other for immunohistochemistry, using antibodies directed against monocytes/macrophages, T cells and E-cadherin on frozen sections. In a separate experiment, rats were treated for 9 days and had their kidneys processed for western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, where antibodies directed against monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were used on paraffin sections. RESULTS In renal medulla from enalapril-treated rats, volume fractions of tubular lumens and interstitium were increased from postnatal days 2 and 4, respectively, while that of tubular cells was decreased from 4 days of age. Concomitant loss and/or reduction in E-cadherin expression (from day 2) was observed in dilated medullary tubules of enalapril-treated rats. Furthermore, in the medulla of enalapril-treated rats, the increased number of ED2+ (resident macrophages) cells, followed by the increase in ED1+ (monocytes/macrophages) and CD4+ T cells, was observed at days 9 and 13, respectively. This was accompanied by increased medullary expression of TNF-alpha at day 9. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal ACE inhibition perturbs medullary tubulogenesis, as indicated by tubular dilatation and a lack of E-cadherin expression in these tubules. Macrophage/monocyte-mediated immune response is a secondary event, coincidentally associated with the up-regulation of TNF-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daina Lasaitiene
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are highly expressed in the developing kidney in a pattern that suggests a role for angiotensin II in renal development In support of this notion, pharmacological interruption of angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor-mediated effects in animals with an ongoing nephrogenesis produces specific renal abnormalities characterized by papillary atrophy, abnormal wall thickening of intrarenal arterioles, tubular atrophy associated with expansion of the interstitium, and a marked impairment in urinary concentrating ability. Similar changes in renal morphology and function also develop in mice with targeted inactivation of the genes that encode angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, or both AT1 receptor isoforms simultaneously. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that an intact signalling through AT1 receptors is a prerequisite for normal renal development In a recent study, an increased incidence of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract was detected in mice deficient in the angiotensin II type-2 receptor, suggesting that this receptor subtype is also involved in the development of the genitourinary tract The present report mainly reviews the renal abnormalities that have been induced by blocking the RAS pharmacologically or by gene targeting in experimental animal models. In addition, pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade in neonatal, but not in weaned, rats induces irreversible renal histologic abnormalities and an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The aim of the present study was to define the postnatal time frame when the rat kidney is vulnerable to an interruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of enalapril (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) during different age intervals within 3 to 24 d,of age. Fluid handling and urinary concentrating ability, renal function under pentobarbital anesthesia, and kidney histology using stereologic techniques were evaluated in adult rats. Enalapril treatment within 3 to 13 d after birth induced abnormalities in renal function and morphology long-term, whereas treatment initiated at 14 d of age did not. The main histologic alterations were papillary atrophy, and a reduction in the volume of tubular epithelial cells in association with an increase in the proportion of interstitium, throughout the cortex and outer medulla. Functionally, the predominant defect was an impairment in urinary concentrating ability, which correlated with the degree of papillary atrophy. In conclusion, the vulnerable age interval for the induction of irreversible renal abnormalities by enalapril was the first 13 d after birth in the rat. This postnatal time span coincides with the completion of nephrogenesis and a period of marked tubular growth and differentiation, suggesting a pivotal role for angiotensin II in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guron G, Nilsson A, Nitescu N, Nielsen S, Sundelin B, Frøkiaer J, Friberg P. Mechanisms of impaired urinary concentrating ability in adult rats treated neonatally with enalapril. Acta Physiol Scand 1999; 165:103-12. [PMID: 10072103 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockade induces irreversible renal histological abnormalities and an impaired urinary concentrating ability in the rat. The aim of the present study was to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the defect in urine concentration in adult rats treated neonatally with enalapril. Male Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of enalapril (10 mg kg(-1)) or saline vehicle from 3 to 24 days of age. Assessments of fluid handling and maximal urine osmolality (Uosm(max)), renal function and tubular free water reabsorption (T(c)H2O) under pentobarbital anaesthesia, renal tissue solute concentrations, renal aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression, and kidney histology, were performed in 12-16-week-old rats. Uosm(max) (1488 +/- 109 vs. 2858 +/- 116 mosm kg(-1), P < 0.05) and maximal T(c)H2O were reduced in enalapril- vs. vehicle-treated rats after administration of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. Neonatally enalapril-treated rats showed marked papillary atrophy, a decrease in medullary tissue solute concentrations, and a reduction in AQP2 expression specifically in the inner medulla. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium and chloride did not differ between groups. In conclusion, adult rats treated neonatally with enalapril showed a urinary concentrating defect of renal origin which primarily could be explained by the papillary atrophy. However, an impaired ability to generate medullary interstitial hypertonicity, and a decrease in inner medullary AQP2 expression, also seem to contribute to this defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Neonatal treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or the angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist losartan in rats induces irreversible renal histological abnormalities, mainly papillary atrophy, in association with an impairment in urinary concentrating ability. The aim of the present study was to assess proximal tubular function in adult rats treated neonatally with enalapril. Male Wistar rats received daily, intraperitoneal injections of either enalapril (10 mg kg-1) or isotonic saline vehicle from 3 to 24 days of age. In 15-week-old, hydropenic rats we analysed: (i) proximal tubular iso-osmotic fluid reabsorption using the method of lithium clearance; and (ii) maximal tubular D-glucose reabsorption (TmG), under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The main findings were that neonatally enalapril-treated rats showed: (i) reductions in absolute (APRH2O) and fractional (FPRH2O) iso-osmotic fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubules (APRH2O: 0.50 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.03 mL min-1 g KW-1, P < 0.05; FPRH2O: 58 +/- 3 vs. 68 +/- 2%, P < 0.05); and (ii) a normal TmG. In addition, during baseline clearance measurements neonatally enalapril-treated rats showed increases in urine volume and fractional excretion rates of sodium and potassium, a reduction in urine osmolality, whereas glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were unaltered. These results suggest that neonatal ACE inhibition produces an irreversible, but differentiated, abnormality in proximal tubular function. Thus, the development of a normal proximal tubular function in the rat seems to be dependent on an intact renin-angiotensin system, (RAS) neonatally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Neonatal blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in rats induces irreversible renal histological abnormalities, including papillary atrophy and an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The aim was to investigate urinary acidification and net acid excretion in adult Wistar rats treated neonatally with enalapril (10 mg . kg-1 . day-1) or vehicle from 5 to 24 days of age. Analyses were performed in both metabolic balance studies and renal clearance experiments performed under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. There were no differences between groups in urine pH or urinary excretion rates of bicarbonate, titratable acid, or ammonium, neither during control conditions nor after chronic NH4Cl loading (assessed before and after Na2SO4 infusion). Glomerular filtration rate, maximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption, and the urine-to-blood PCO2 gradient in alkaline urine during NaHCO3 infusion did not differ between groups. Neonatally enalapril-treated rats showed a urine concentration defect and papillary damage. In conclusion, neonatal enalapril treatment produces a differentiated abnormality in tubular function in which urine concentration is impaired but urinary acidification and net acid excretion are intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Goteborg University, S413-90 Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
1. We have previously shown that neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition or angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonism during the first three postnatal weeks in the rat produces persistent abnormalities in renal function and histology, indicating an essential role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in normal renal development. 2. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pig kidney, which shows a high resemblance to the human kidney, is dependent on an intact RAS neonatally for normal renal development, analogous with findings in rats. 3. Piglets received daily i.p. injections of either enalapril (10 mg/kg) or vehicle from 2 to 24 days after birth. Urine concentrating capacity, renal functional parameters and renal histology were assessed in 8-week-old pigs. 4. Urine osmolality after 20 h water deprivation was 673+/-55 and 928+/-50 mOsm/kg (P<0.05) in enalapril- and vehicle-treated pigs, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in plasma creatinine or urea concentrations. 5. Semiquantitative analysis of renal histology showed significant interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, tubular atrophy and thickened walls of interlobular arteries in enalapril-treated pigs. 6. The present study demonstrates that an intact RAS is required for normal renal development in the pig, similar to previous observations made in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guron G, Nilsson A, DiBona GF, Sundelin B, Nitescu N, Friberg P. Renal adaptation to dietary sodium restriction and loading in rats treated neonatally with enalapril. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:R1421-9. [PMID: 9362308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.4.r1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal treatment of rats with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan induces irreversible renal histological abnormalities, mainly papillary atrophy, in association with an impairment in urinary concentrating ability. In the present study, sodium and potassium balance were assessed during high and low sodium intake and dietary potassium restriction in adult Wistar rats treated neonatally with enalapril (10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 3 to 24 days of age. During balance studies, neonatally enalapril-treated rats showed 1) normal adaptation to dietary sodium restriction, 2) sodium retention during dietary sodium loading, and 3) a transient, modest, renal potassium wastage during dietary potassium restriction. Renal clearance determinations under pentobarbital anesthesia showed elevated fractional excretions of sodium and potassium and osmolar clearance without changes in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow in enalapril-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. Thus, in addition to the impaired urinary concentrating ability, adult rats treated neonatally with enalapril demonstrated alterations in renal sodium and potassium handling, which may be related to the prevailing papillary atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guron G, Adams MA, Sundelin B, Friberg P. Neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the rat induces persistent abnormalities in renal function and histology. Hypertension 1997; 29:91-7. [PMID: 9039086 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.29.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that neonatal blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in the rat produces irreversible abnormalities in renal histology associated with increased diuresis. In the present study, we assessed the long-term consequences of neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on renal function. Rats were injected with 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 enalapril or vehicle from day 3 to day 24 after birth. Urine concentrating ability, renal function, and renal histology were assessed in 16-week-old rats. There was a twofold increase in diuresis and water intake in enalapril-treated rats throughout the study course. Urine osmolality after 24 hours of water deprivation was 1008 +/- 108 and 2549 +/- 48 mOsm.kg-1 (P < .05) in enalapril- and vehicle-treated rats, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (0.54 +/- 0.03 versus 0.75 +/- 0.06 mL.min-1x100 g body wt-1, P < .05) and effective renal plasma flow (1.76 +/- 0.09 versus 2.19 +/- 0.14 mL.min-1x100 g body wt-1, P < .05) were reduced in neonatally enalapril-treated versus control rats. Absolute and fractional urinary sodium excretion values were elevated (P < .05) in enalapril-treated rats. Semiquantitative assessment of renal histology demonstrated statistically significant degrees of papillary atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, tubular atrophy and dilatation, and focal glomerulosclerosis in neonatally enalapril-treated rats. In conclusion, neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the rat produces irreversible alterations in renal function and morphology, demonstrating the importance of an intact renin-angiotensin system neonatally for normal renal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wickman A, Friberg P, Adams MA, Matejka GL, Brantsing C, Guron G, Isgaard J. Induction of growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in aorta and caval vein during hemodynamic challenge. Hypertension 1997; 29:123-30. [PMID: 9039091 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.29.1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Induction of two-kidney, one clip hypertension (renal hypertension) is characterized by a slow increase in left ventricular tension and aortic wall stress, as opposed to aortocaval fistula or shunt volume overload, which induces a marked and rapid onset of wall stress in the caval vein and right ventricle. In the present study, we applied hemodynamic challenge to study the growth response involving gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and growth hormone receptor (GH-R) mRNA in aorta and caval vein. Volume overload and pressure overload were induced in Wistar rats by means of shunt and renal hypertension, respectively. Systolic pressure was measured before excision of the great vessels, which was performed between 2 and 12 days postoperatively. Aortic and caval vein IGF-I and GH-R mRNA expressions were measured by means of a solution hybridization assay, and the caval vein was analyzed for IGF-I protein by immunohistochemistry. In the volume-distended but not pressurized caval vein in shunt rats, verified by telemetry recordings, there was an eightfold increase in IGF-I and 3.5-fold increase in GH-R mRNA at day 4 versus control. The IGF-I protein appeared to be localized in smooth muscle cells. In the aorta of the renal hypertension group, changes were of a slower onset. At day 7, there was a fourfold increase in IGF-I and five-fold increase of GH-R mRNA expressions versus sham-operated rats. Both the shunt caval vein and renal hypertension aorta showed evidence of a structural adaptation of the growth response. The present study suggests that acute elevation in vascular wall stress is an important triggering factor for overexpression of IGF-I and GH-R mRNA in great vessels. The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis may be an important link in mediating structurally adaptive growth responses in the blood vessel wall.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/surgery
- Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hemodynamics
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/analysis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, Somatotropin/analysis
- Receptors, Somatotropin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Ribonucleases/genetics
- Venae Cavae/metabolism
- Venae Cavae/surgery
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wickman
- Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guron G, Friberg P, Wickman A, Brantsing C, Gabrielsson B, Isgaard J. Cardiac insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor expression in renal hypertension. Hypertension 1996; 27:636-42. [PMID: 8613216 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.27.3.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor I in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in two-kidney, one clip hypertension by relating growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I receptor mRNA levels to insulin-like growth factor I gene transcription using a solution hybridization/RNase protection assay. Two-kidney, one clip hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats, and experiments were performed 2, 4, 7, and 12 days after surgery. Systolic blood pressure was elevated 2, 7, and 12 days after clipping (P < .001). Left ventricular weights were increased 2, 4, 7, and 12 days after surgery (P < .01). Associated with the rise in blood pressure, left ventricular insulin-like growth factor I mRNA was increased 2, 7, and 12 days after surgery (P < .01). Furthermore, growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene expression increased specifically in the left ventricle of renal hypertensive rats (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). Left ventricular growth hormone receptor mRNA peaked 7 days after induction of renal artery stenosis. These results show that insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone receptor, and insulin-like growth factor I receptor mRNA increase in the pressure-overloaded left ventricle of two-kidney, one clip rats, suggesting a role for insulin-like growth factor I and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guron G, Neugut AI. Soft tissue sarcomas. Is adjuvant chemotherapy indicated? N Y State J Med 1993; 93:156-8. [PMID: 8455843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Guron
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | | |
Collapse
|