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Hino O, Kobayashi T, Okimoto K. Genetic and environmental factors in hereditary predisposition to tumors: a conceptual overview. EXS 2006:269-92. [PMID: 16383022 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heritable disorder of somatic cells. Carcinogenesis at the cellular level is like an opened Japanese fan, because initiated cells grow in several directions and tumors suggest the edge of the fan by having many gene abnormalities. We discuss here the primal force and gene networks (federal headship) in renal carcinogenesis. The Eker (Tsc2 mutant) rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) is an example of a Mendelian dominantly inherited predisposition to a specific cancer in an experimental animal. Recently, we discovered a new hereditary renal carcinoma in the rat in Japan, and the rat was named the "Nihon" rat. We suggest that its predisposing (Bhd) gene is a novel renal tumor suppressor gene. We present these unique models as part of the study of problems in carcinogenesis; e.g., multistep carcinogenesis, cancer prevention and the development of the therapeutic treatments that can be translated to human patients, as well as how environmental factors interact with cancer susceptibility gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Okio Hino
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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2
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Hino O. Hereditary renal carcinogenesis fitting Knudson's two-hit model: genotype, environment, and phenotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 38:357-67. [PMID: 14566856 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heritable disorder of somatic cells. Environment and heredity both operate in the origin of human cancer. The Eker (Tsc2 gene mutant) rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) is an example of Mendelian dominantly inherited predisposition to a specific cancer in an experimental animal. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first isolation of a Mendelian dominantly predisposing cancer gene in a naturally occurring animal model. Recently, we discovered a new hereditary renal carcinoma in the rat in Japan, and the rat was named the "Nihon" rat, and its predisposing (Nihon) gene could be a novel renal tumor suppressor gene. We present these unique models, comparing these two predisposing genes (both are located on rat chromosome 10), for the study of problems in carcinogenesis, for instance, species-specific difference in tumorigenesis, cell stage and tissue/cell-type specific tumorigenesis, multistep carcinogenesis, modifier gene(s) in renal carcinogenesis, cancer prevention, and the development of the therapeutic treatments that can be translated to human patients, as well as how environmental factors interact with cancer susceptibility gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Okio Hino
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Hino O, Mitani H, Sakaurai J. “Second hit” of Tsc2 gene in radiation induced renal tumors of Eker rat model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(02)00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Hino O, Majima S, Kobayashi T, Honda S, Momose S, Kikuchi Y, Mitani H. Multistep renal carcinogenesis as gene expression disease in tumor suppressor TSC2 gene mutant model — genotype, phenotype and environment. Mutat Res 2001; 477:155-64. [PMID: 11376696 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an inheritable disorder of somatic cells. Environment and heredity both operate in the origins of human cancer. These environmental and genetic determinants of cancer can be classified into four groups designated "Oncodemes" [1]. Oncodeme 1 is the irreducible "background" level of cancer due to spontaneous mutagenesis. Oncodeme 2 is "environmentally induced" cancer, whose causative agents are chemical carcinogens, radiation and viruses. Oncodeme 3 is basically "environmentally induced" cancer, but there are genetically determined differences among persons, e.g. the activation or inactivation of carcinogenes. Most human cancers are believed to belong to Oncodemes 2 and/or 3 (about 80%), for which the probability of the occurrence of the initial carcinogenic step(s) is increased, although the number of steps is not decreased. Oncodeme 1 would contain the approximately 20% that would remain if "environmentally induced" cancers (Oncodeme 2 and/or 3) were prevented. Lastly, Oncodeme 4 is "hereditary" cancer. Hereditary cancers could prove valuable in elucidating carcinogenesis, even though only a small proportion of cancers belong to this group. Here, we present a unique animal model of Oncodeme 4 for the study of problems in carcinogenesis; e.g. cell stage and tissue/cell-type-specific tumorigenesis, multistep carcinogenesis, species-specific differences in tumorigenesis, modifier gene(s) in renal carcinogenesis and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hino
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, 1-37-1 Kami-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 170-8455, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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A dual-color FISH framework map for the characterization of theSai1 tumor suppression region on rat chromosome 5. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(200004)27:4<362::aid-gcc5>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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6
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Ruas M, Peters G. The p16INK4a/CDKN2A tumor suppressor and its relatives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1378:F115-77. [PMID: 9823374 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(98)00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruas
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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7
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Zhou JN, Ljungdahl S, Röhme D, Levan G, Shoshan MC, Linder S. Codeletion of theJUN proto-oncogene and theCDKN2A tumor-suppressor gene inHRAS-transformed rat embryo fibroblast cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199709)20:1<82::aid-gcc12>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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8
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Hasegawa H, Kishimoto K, Yanagisawa K, Terasaki H, Shimadzu M, Fujita S. Assignment of SFA-1 (PETA-3), a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, to human chromosome 11p15.5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics 1997; 40:193-6. [PMID: 9070943 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Hasegawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan
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9
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Shen T, Sonoda G, Hamid J, Li M, Filmus J, Buick RN, Testa JR. Mapping of the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome gene (GPC3) to chromosome X in human and rat by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:72. [PMID: 9021160 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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10
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Wang ZY, Qiu QQ, Seufert W, Taguchi T, Testa JR, Whitmore SA, Callen DF, Welsh D, Shenk T, Deuel TF. Molecular cloning of the cDNA and chromosome localization of the gene for human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:24811-6. [PMID: 8798754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a novel human gene whose product specifically associates with the negative regulatory domain of the Wilms' tumor gene product (WT1) in a yeast two-hybrid screen and with WT1 in immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase (GST) capture assays. The gene encodes a 17-kDa protein that has 56% amino acid sequence identity with yeast ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (yUBC) 9, a protein required for cell cycle progression in yeast, and significant identity with other subfamilies of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The human gene fully complements yeast that have a temperature-sensitive yUBC9 gene mutation to fully restore normal growth, indicating that we have cloned a functionally conserved human (h) homolog of yUBC9. Transcripts of hUBC9 of 4.4 kilobases (kb), 2.8 kb, and 1.3 kb were found in all human tissues tested. A single copy of the hUBC9 gene was found and localized to human chromosome 16p13.3. We conclude that hUBC9 retains striking structural and functional conservation with yUBC9 and suggest a possible link of the ubiquitin/proteosome proteolytic pathway and the WT1 transcriptional repressor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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11
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Taguchi T, Zhou JY, Feder M, Litwin S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Testa JR. Detection of aneuploidy in interphase nuclei from non-small cell lung carcinomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 89:120-5. [PMID: 8697416 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is particularly useful for detecting chromosome changes in tumors exhibiting a low mitotic index, as is the case in many human non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). A panel of centromeric DNA probes specific for the autosomes 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 17, and 18 was used to analyze 17 primary NSCLCs. Evidence for aneuploidy was obtained in all specimens. Gain of part or all of chromosome 7 was especially prominent, occurring in a large population of cells in each of 14 tumors (82%). Extra centromeric copies of chromosomes 6, 12, and 17 were also common, being observed in 9 to 11 cases each. Gain of chromosome 9 was infrequent (three tumors). In two cases, most of the nuclei had only a single chromosome 9 fluorescent signal. Karyotypic findings were available for six cases and were generally consistent with the FISH data. Both methods revealed considerable heterogeneity within individual tumors. NSCLC specimens from 26 males were assayed with a Y-specific centromeric sequence; loss of the Y was observed in 13 cases (50%). These investigations demonstrate the feasibility of interphase FISH for the successful analysis of numerical chromosome changes in NSCLCs.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- DNA Probes
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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12
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Lissy NA, Bellacosa A, Sonoda G, Miller PD, Jhanwar SC, Testa JR. Isolation, characterization, and mapping to human chromosome 11q24-25 of a cDNA encoding a highly conserved putative transmembrane protein, TMC. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1306:137-41. [PMID: 8634329 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(96)00025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a novel human cDNA encoding a putative transmembrane protein, TMC. The predicted protein sequence is highly conserved evolutionarily. The cDNA clone was mapped to human chromosome 11q24-25 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. mRNA expression was observed in all tissues tested with the highest levels in testes and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Lissy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Phildelphia, PA 19111, USA
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13
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Cheng JQ, Ruggeri B, Klein WM, Sonoda G, Altomare DA, Watson DK, Testa JR. Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic cells and inhibition of AKT2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:3636-41. [PMID: 8622988 PMCID: PMC39663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the putative oncogene AKT2 is amplified and overexpressed in some human ovarian carcinomas. We have now identified amplification of AKT2 in approximately 10% of pancreatic carcinomas (2 of 18 cell lines and 1 of 10 primary tumor specimens). The two cell lines with altered AKT2 (PANC1 and ASPC1) exhibited 30-fold and 50-fold amplification of AKT2, respectively, and highly elevated levels of AKT2 RNA and protein. PANC1 cells were transfected with antisense AKT2, and several clones were established after G418 selection. The expression of AKT2 protein in these clones was greatly decreased by the antisense RNA. Furthermore, tumorigenicity in nude mice was markedly reduced in PANC1 cells expressing antisense AKT2 RNA. To examine further whether overexpression of AKT2 plays a significant role in pancreatic tumorigenesis, PANC1 cells and ASPC1 cells, as well as pancreatic carcinoma cells that do not overexpress AKT2 (COLO 357), were transfected with antisense AKT2, and their growth and invasiveness were characterized by a rat tracheal xenotransplant assay. ASPC1 and PANC1 cells expressing antisense AKT2 RNA remained confined to the tracheal lumen, whereas the respective parental cells invaded the tracheal wall. In contrast, no difference was seen in the growth pattern between parental and antisense-treated COLO 357 cells. These data suggest that overexpression of AKT2 contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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14
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Gayle MA, Slack JL, Bonnert TP, Renshaw BR, Sonoda G, Taguchi T, Testa JR, Dower SK, Sims JE. Cloning of a putative ligand for the T1/ST2 receptor. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:5784-9. [PMID: 8621446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T1/ST2 is a receptor-like molecule homologous to the type I interleukin-1 receptor. Despite this sequence similarity, we have been unable to demonstrate binding of T1/ST2 to any of the three interleukin-1 species. In searching for a ligand for T1/ST2, we have cloned a cell surface protein to which it binds. This protein is unable to initiate signal transduction by the T1/ST2 receptor in several in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gayle
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
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15
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Tissir F, Champagne B, Klinga-Levan K, Levan G, Szpirer J, Szpirer C. Regional localization of the rat genes encoding the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases 3 (Pde4d) and 4 (Pde4b) and the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1). Mamm Genome 1996; 7:222-3. [PMID: 8833246 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Tissir
- Department de Biologie Moleculaire, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Genese, Belgium
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16
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Kinoshita H, Yamada H, Ogawa O, Kakehi Y, Osaka M, Nakamura E, Mishina M, Habuchi T, Takahashi R, Sugiyama T. Contribution of chromosome 9p21-22 deletion to the progression of human renal cell carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:795-9. [PMID: 7591954 PMCID: PMC5920923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible role of genomic aberrations of chromosome 9p21-22 in the tumorigenesis of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 10 RCC cell lines, 55 primary RCCs and 5 metastatic lesions were studied by Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. Nine of 10 RCC cell lines showed a homozygous deletion of MTSI/CDKN2/(p16), while only 1 in 55 primary tumors had this deletion. Loss of heterozygosity on 9p21-22 was observed in 5 of 10 informative primary RCCs from patients with metastasis, but in only 4 of 31 informative tumors (13%) without metastasis (P = 0.025). Futhermore, 3 of 5 metastatic tumors (60%) showed hemi- or homozygous deletion of MTSI/CDKN2. These results indicate that the 9p21-22 deletion may be a relatively late event in RCC tumorigenesis and could be associated with RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kinoshita
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
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17
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Hino O, Kobayashi E, Hirayama Y, Kobayashi T, Kubo Y, Tsuchiya H, Kikuchi Y, Mitani H. Molecular genetic basis of renal carcinogenesis in the Eker rat model of tuberous sclerosis (Tsc2). Mol Carcinog 1995; 14:23-7. [PMID: 7546221 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified on rat chromosome 10q a germline mutation in the tuberous sclerosis gene (Tsc2), the gene predisposing to renal carcinoma (RC) in the Eker rat. The homozygous mutant condition is lethal at around the 13th day of fetal life. In heterozygotes, RCs invariably develop in the first year of life. Histologically, RCs develop through multiple stages from early preneoplastic lesions (i.e., phenotypically altered tubules) to adenomas. The wild-type allele mutation has been found even in the earliest preneoplastic lesions, fitting Knudson's two-hit hypothesis and supporting the hypothesis that Tsc2 is a tumor suppressor gene. In this study, homozygous deletion of the Ink4 homologue on rat chromosome 5q was observed in 14 of 24 (58%) RC-derived cell lines. This may represent involvement of a second tumor suppressor gene, contributing to tumor progression. Considering previous results of studies of homozygous deletion of the Ifn alpha gene in five of 24 cases (21%) and the Ifn beta gene in one of 24 cases (4%), the order of the genes may be Ink4-Ifn alpha-Ifn beta. Microsatellite instability was not observed in 26 Eker rat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hino
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sciaky D, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Cohen MB. Mapping of guanylin to murine chromosome 4 and human chromosome 1p34-p35. Genomics 1995; 26:427-9. [PMID: 7601480 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80238-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sciaky
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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19
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Truett GE, Jacob HJ, Miller J, Drouin G, Bahary N, Smoller JW, Lander ES, Leibel RL. Genetic map of rat chromosome 5 including the fatty (fa) locus. Mamm Genome 1995; 6:25-30. [PMID: 7719022 DOI: 10.1007/bf00350889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen loci, including the obesity gene fatty (fa), were incorporated into a linkage map of rat Chromosome (Chr) 5. These loci were mapped in obese (fa/fa) progeny of a cross between BN x 13M-fal+F1 animals. Obese rats were scored for BN and 13M alleles at four loci (Ifna, D1S85h, C8b, and Lck1) by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and at eight additional loci (Glut1, Sv4j2, R251, R735, R980, R252, R371, and R1138) by simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLP). The resulting map spans 67.3 cM of Chr5, presenting nine previously unmapped loci and one locus (Lck1) previously assigned to Chr 5 by use of somatic cell hybrid lines. Seven of the eight SSLP loci are newly identified; the SSLP linkage group alone spans 56.8 cM. The order of the loci is Sv4j2-R251-R735-R980-R1138-Ifna-fa-+ ++D1S85h-C8b-(Glut1-R252-R371)-Lck1. One locus, D1S85h, was found to lie only 0.4 cM from fa, close enough to serve as a reliable marker for the prediction of phenotype from genotype, and will be useful also for studies on the development of obesity in the fatty rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Truett
- Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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20
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Szpirer C, Tissir F, Rivière M, Levan G, Szpirer J. Assignment of rat Jun family genes to chromosome 19 (Junb), chromosome 5q31-33 (Jun), and chromosome 16 (Jund). Mamm Genome 1994; 5:361-4. [PMID: 8043951 DOI: 10.1007/bf00356555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
By means of somatic cell hybrids segregating rat chromosomes, we determined the chromosome localization of three rat genes of the Jun family: Junb (Chr 19), Jun (=c-Jun) (Chr 5) and Jund (Chr 16). The Jun gene was also localized to the 5q31-33 region by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These rat gene assignments reveal two new homologies with mouse and human chromosomes, and provide a new example of synteny conserved in the human and a rodent species (the mouse), but split between the two rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Rhode-St-Genèse, Belgium
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21
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Lok S, Kuijper JL, Jelinek LJ, Kramer JM, Whitmore TE, Sprecher CA, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Biggs SH, Rosenberg GB. The human glucagon receptor encoding gene: structure, cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization. Gene 1994; 140:203-9. [PMID: 8144028 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the human glucagon-receptor-encoding gene (GGR) should provide a greater understanding of blood glucose regulation and may reveal a genetic basis for the pathogenesis of diabetes. A cDNA encoding a complete functional human glucagon receptor (GGR) was isolated from a liver cDNA library by a combination of polymerase chain reaction and colony hybridization. The cDNA encodes a receptor protein with 80% identity to rat GGR that binds [125I]glucagon and transduces a signal leading to increases in the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Southern blot analysis of human DNA reveals a hybridization pattern consistent with a single GGR locus. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome preparations maps the GGR locus to chromosome 17q25. Analysis of the genomic sequence shows that the coding region spans over 5.5 kb and is interrupted by 12 introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lok
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ZymoGenetics Inc., Seattle, WA 95105
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22
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Zhou JY, Taguchi T, Siegfried JM, Jhanwar SC, Resau J, Testa JR. Characterization of 9q;15q whole-arm translocation derivatives in non-small cell lung carcinomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 69:1-6. [PMID: 8397063 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90102-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report derivative chromosomes, originally interpreted as 9q;15q whole-arm translocations, in tumor cells from two patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the tumors was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma and the other as an adenosquamous carcinoma. In each case, there was no normal chromosome 9. Because of the pericentromeric location of the breakpoints, classical cytogenetic banding techniques did not permit determination of the centromeric origin of these derivative chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with satellite (alpha, beta, classical), ribosomal DNA, alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN), and whole chromosome painting probes indicated that the 9;15 rearrangement is dicentric in both tumors. In one of these cases, the derivative chromosome is interpreted as a dic(9;15) (p11;p11.2); the other case has a more complicated rearrangement involving reorientation of pericentromeric sequences. A 9q;15q whole-arm derivative chromosome was reported previously in another lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that this abnormality may represent a recurrent change in lung carcinomas, particularly those displaying adenomatous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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23
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Hino O, Klein-Szanto AJ, Freed JJ, Testa JR, Brown DQ, Vilensky M, Yeung RS, Tartof KD, Knudson AG. Spontaneous and radiation-induced renal tumors in the Eker rat model of dominantly inherited cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:327-31. [PMID: 8419937 PMCID: PMC45653 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) in the rat, originally reported by R. Eker in 1954, is an example of a Mendelian dominant predisposition to a specific cancer in an experimental animal. At the histologic level, RCs develop through multiple stages from early preneoplastic lesions (e.g., atypical tubules) to adenomas in virtually all heterozygotes by the age of 1 year. The homozygous mutant condition is lethal at approximately 10 days of fetal life. Ionizing radiation induces additional tumors in a linear dose-response relationship, suggesting that in heterozygotes two events (one inherited, one somatic) are necessary to produce tumors, and that the predisposing gene is a tumor suppressor gene. No genetic linkage has yet been found between the Eker mutation and rat DNA sequences homologous to those in human chromosome 3p, the presumed site of the putative tumor suppressor gene responsible for human RC. Nonrandom loss of rat chromosome 5 in RC-derived cell lines is sometimes associated with homozygous deletion of the interferon gene loci at rat chromosome bands 5q31-q33. Since this locus is not linked with the predisposing inherited gene in the Eker rat, it probably represents a second tumor suppressor gene involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hino
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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