1
|
Abraham AM, Anjani QK, Adhami M, Hutton ARJ, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Novel SmartReservoirs for hydrogel-forming microneedles to improve the transdermal delivery of rifampicin. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4375-4388. [PMID: 38477350 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the microneedle array. Instead, the API is housed in a reservoir affixed on the top of the baseplate of the HF-MNs. To date, various types of drug-reservoirs and multiple solubility-enhancing approaches have been employed to deliver hydrophobic molecules combined with HF-MNs. These strategies are not without drawbacks, as they require multiple manufacturing steps, from solubility enhancement to reservoir production. However, this current study challenges this trend and focuses on the delivery of the hydrophobic antibiotic rifampicin using SmartFilm-technology as a solubility-enhancing strategy. In contrast to previous techniques, smart drug-reservoirs (SmartReservoirs) for hydrophobic compounds can be manufactured using a one step process. In this study, HF-MNs and three different concentrations of rifampicin SmartFilms (SFs) were produced. Following this, both HF-MNs and SFs were fully characterised regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties, morphology, Raman surface mapping, the interaction with the cellulose matrix and maintenance of the loaded drug in the amorphous form. In addition, their drug loading and transdermal permeation efficacy were studied. The resulting SFs showed that the API was intact inside the cellulose matrix within the SFs, with the majority of the drug in the amorphous state. SFs alone demonstrated no transdermal penetration and less than 20 ± 4 μg of rifampicin deposited in the skin layers. In contrast, the transdermal permeation profile using SFs combined with HF-MNs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) demonstrated a 4-fold increase in rifampicin deposition (80 ± 7 μg) in the skin layers and a permeation of approx. 500 ± 22 μg. Results therefore illustrate that SFs can be viewed as novel drug-reservoirs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) for HF-MNs, achieving highly efficient loading and diffusion properties through the hydrogel matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Abraham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Masoud Adhami
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujihara J, Nishimoto N. Review of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution for Various Exposure Routes, Toxicological Effects, Toxicity Mechanism in Mammals, and an Approach for Toxicity Reduction. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:9-23. [PMID: 36976450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used as a sunscreen, antibacterial agent, dietary supplement, food additive, and semiconductor material. This review summarizes the biological fate following various exposure routes, toxicological effects, and toxicity mechanism of ZnO NPs in mammals. Furthermore, an approach to reduce the toxicity and biomedical applications of ZnO NPs are discussed. ZnO NPs are mainly absorbed as Zn2+ and partially as particles. Regardless of exposure route, elevated Zn concentration in the liver, kidney, lungs, and spleen are observed following ZnO NP exposure, and these are the target organs for ZnO NPs. The liver is the main organ responsible for ZnO NP metabolism and the NPs are mainly excreted in feces and partly in urine. ZnO NPs induce liver damage (oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intratracheal exposure), kidney damage (oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous exposure) and lung injury (airway exposure). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induction of oxidative stress may be a major toxicological mechanism for ZnO NPs. ROS are generated by both excess Zn ion release and the particulate effect resulting from the semiconductor or electronic properties of ZnO NPs. ZnO NP toxicity can be reduced by coating their surface with silica, which prevents Zn2+ release and ROS generation. Due to their superior characteristics, ZnO NPs are expected to be used for biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and anticancer agents, and surface coatings and modification will expand the biomedical applications of ZnO NPs further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Fujihara
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo , Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nishimoto
- Department of Research Planning and Coordination, Shimane Institute for Industrial Technology, 1 Hokuryo, Matsue, Shimane, 690-0816, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correia M, Lopes J, Lopes D, Melero A, Makvandi P, Veiga F, Coelho JFJ, Fonseca AC, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanotechnology-based techniques for hair follicle regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122348. [PMID: 37866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a multicellular complex structure of the skin that contains a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Traditional hair repair methods such as drug therapies, hair transplantation, and stem cell therapy have limitations. Advances in nanotechnology offer new approaches for HF regeneration, including controlled drug release and HF-specific targeting. Until recently, embryogenesis was thought to be the only mechanism for forming hair follicles. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) or de novo HF regeneration has gained attention as it can occur under certain conditions in wound beds. This review covers HF-specific targeting strategies, with particular emphasis on currently used nanotechnology-based strategies for both hair loss-related diseases and HF regeneration. HF regeneration is discussed in several modalities: modulation of the hair cycle, stimulation of progenitor cells and signaling pathways, tissue engineering, WIHN, and gene therapy. The HF has been identified as an ideal target for nanotechnology-based strategies for hair regeneration. However, some regulatory challenges may delay the development of HF regeneration nanotechnology based-strategies, which will be lastly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Correia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia (Campus de Burjassot), Av. Vicente A. Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hanna DH, Aziz MM, Shafee EE. Effective-by-method for the preparation of folic acid-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles with high targeting potential for apoptosis induction against bladder cancer cells (T24). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1597-1615. [PMID: 36905187 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The research's goal is to create the surfaces of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a layer of folic acid (FA) that can effectively target human bladder cancer cells (T24). An efficient method for creating FA-coated TiO2 NPs was used, and many tools have been used to analyze its physicochemical properties. The cytotoxic effects of FA-coated NPs on T24 cells and the mechanisms of apoptosis generation were examined employing a variety of methodologies. The prepared FA-coated TiO2 NPs suspensions with a hydrodynamic diameter around 37 nm and a negative surface charge of -30 mV reduced T24 cell proliferation with stronger IC50 value (21.8 ± 1.9 μg/ml) than TiO2 NPs (47.8 ± 2.5 μg/ml). This toxicity resulted in apoptosis induction (16.63%) that was caused through enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and stopping the cell cycle over G2/M phase. Moreover, FA-TiO2 NPs raised the expression levels of P53, P21, BCL2L4, and cleaved Caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2, Cyclin B, and CDK1 in treated cells. Overall, these findings revealed efficient targeting of the FA-TiO2 NPs resulted in increasing cellular internalization caused increased apoptosis in T24 cells. As a result, FA-TiO2 NPs might be a viable treatment for human bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demiana H Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marina M Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - E El Shafee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keller AA. Nanomaterials in sunscreens: Potential human and ecological health implications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:127-140. [PMID: 37799081 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials such as TiO2 and ZnO provide significant benefits in terms of UV protection, and their use generally has increased in commercial sunscreens. However, more recently there have been concerns about their potential human and ecological health implications, mostly driven by perception rather than by formal assessments. The large and increasing body of literature on these nanomaterials indicates that in most circumstances their risk are minimal. Penetration of the human epidermis is minimal for these nanomaterials, significantly reducing the potential effects that these nanomaterials may pose to internal organs. The excess Zn ion dose is very small compared to normal dietary consumption of Zn, which is a necessary element. The levels of residual nanomaterials or released ions in public swimming pools is also low, with minimal effect in case this water is ingested during swimming or bathing. In natural environments with significant water flow due to wind and water currents, the concentrations of nanomaterials and released ions are generally well below levels that would cause effects in aquatic organisms. However, sensitive habitats with slow currents, such as coral reefs, may accumulate these nanomaterials. The number of studies of the levels and effects of nanomaterials in these sensitive habitats is very small; more research is needed to determine if there is an elevated risk to these ecosystems from the use of sunscreens with these nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cary C, Stapleton P. Determinants and mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticle translocation across mammalian biological barriers. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2111-2131. [PMID: 37303009 PMCID: PMC10540313 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers protect delicate internal tissues from exposures to and interactions with hazardous materials. Primary anatomical barriers prevent external agents from reaching systemic circulation and include the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and dermal barriers. Secondary barriers include the blood-brain, blood-testis, and placental barriers. The tissues protected by secondary barriers are particularly sensitive to agents in systemic circulation. Neurons of the brain cannot regenerate and therefore must have limited interaction with cytotoxic agents. In the testis, the delicate process of spermatogenesis requires a specific milieu distinct from the blood. The placenta protects the developing fetus from compounds in the maternal circulation that would impair limb or organ development. Many biological barriers are semi-permeable, allowing only materials or chemicals, with a specific set of properties, that easily pass through or between cells. Nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm) have recently drawn specific concern due to the possibility of biological barrier translocation and contact with distal tissues. Current evidence suggests that nanoparticles translocate across both primary and secondary barriers. It is known that the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can affect biological interactions, and it has been shown that nanoparticles can breach primary and some secondary barriers. However, the mechanism by which nanoparticles cross biological barriers has yet to be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize how different nanoparticle physicochemical properties interact with biological barriers and barrier products to govern translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Cary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Phoebe Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou X, Li J, Hong Y, Ruan H, Long M, Feng N, Zhang Y. Advances and Prospects for Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles in Transdermal Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2119. [PMID: 37626616 PMCID: PMC10452559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is one of the key approaches for treating diseases, avoiding first-pass effects, reducing systemic adverse drug reactions and improving patient compliance. Microneedling, iontophoresis, electroporation, laser ablation and ultrasound facilitation are often used to improve the efficiency of TDD. Among them, microneedling is a relatively simple and efficient means of drug delivery. Microneedles usually consist of micron-sized needles (50-900 μm in length) in arrays that can successfully penetrate the stratum corneum and deliver drugs in a minimally invasive manner below the stratum corneum without touching the blood vessels and nerves in the dermis, improving patient compliance. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs) are safe and non-toxic, with no residual matrix material, high drug loading capacity, and controlled drug release, and they are suitable for long-term, multiple drug delivery. This work reviewed the characteristics of the skin structure and TDD, introduced TDD strategies based on HFMs, and summarized the characteristics of HFM TDD systems and the evaluation methods of HFMs as well as the application of HFM drug delivery systems in disease treatment. The HFM drug delivery system has a wide scope for development, but the translation to clinical application still has more challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Yongyu Hong
- Xiamen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 1739 Xiangyue Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361015, China;
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (H.R.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie J, Li H, Zhang T, Song B, Wang X, Gu Z. Recent Advances in ZnO Nanomaterial-Mediated Biological Applications and Action Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091500. [PMID: 37177043 PMCID: PMC10180283 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the deepening research, metal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have become a popular research object in the biological field, particularly in biomedicine and food safety, which is attributed to their unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area and volume ratio, luminescence effect, surface characteristics and biological activities. Herein, this review provides a detailed overview of the ZnO nanomaterial-mediated biological applications that involve anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, skin care, biological imaging and food packaging applications. Importantly, the corresponding action mechanisms of ZnO nanomaterials are pointed. Additionally, the structure and structure-dependent physicochemical properties, the common synthesis methods and the biosafety of ZnO nanoparticles are revealed in brief. Finally, the significance and future challenges of ZnO nanomaterial applications are concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xie
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huilun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Tairan Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Bokai Song
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miu BA, Voinea IC, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. MRC-5 Human Lung Fibroblasts Alleviate the Genotoxic Effect of Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through an OGG1/2-Dependent Reparatory Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076401. [PMID: 37047374 PMCID: PMC10094865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was focused on the potential of pure P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 TiO2 NPs to induce cyto- and genotoxic effects in MRC-5 human pulmonary fibroblasts. The oxidative lesions of P25 NPs were reflected in the amount of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine accumulated in DNA and the lysosomal damage produced, but iron-doping partially suppressed these effects. However, neither P25 nor Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 NPs had such a serious effect of inducing DNA fragmentation or activating apoptosis signaling. Moreover, oxo-guanine glycosylase 1/2, a key enzyme of the base excision repair mechanism, was overexpressed in response to the oxidative DNA deterioration induced by P25 and P25-Fe(1%)-N NPs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415980. [PMID: 36555619 PMCID: PMC9780930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) arouse interest in various fields of science and industry due to their composition-tunable properties and the ease of modification. They appear currently as components of many consumer products such as sunscreen, dressings, sports clothes, surface-cleaning agents, computer devices, paints, as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetics formulations. The use of NPs in products for topical applications improves the permeation/penetration of the bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, providing a depot effect with sustained drug release and specific cellular and subcellular targeting. Nanocarriers provide advances in dermatology and systemic treatments. Examples are a non-invasive method of vaccination, advanced diagnostic techniques, and transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism of action of NPs, efficiency of skin penetration, and potential threat to human health are still open and not fully explained. This review gives a brief outline of the latest nanotechnology achievements in products used in topical applications to prevent and treat skin diseases. We highlighted aspects such as the penetration of NPs through the skin (influence of physical-chemical properties of NPs, the experimental models for skin penetration, methods applied to improve the penetration of NPs through the skin, and methods applied to investigate the skin penetration by NPs). The review summarizes various therapies using NPs to diagnose and treat skin diseases (melanoma, acne, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis) and anti-aging and UV-protectant nano-cosmetics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Review on photoprotection: a clinician’s guide to the ingredients, characteristics, adverse effects, and disease-specific benefits of chemical and physical sunscreen compounds. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:735-749. [PMID: 36443500 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotection is a critical health prevention strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visible light (VL). Methods of photoprotection are reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on sunscreen. The most appropriate sunscreen formulation for personal use depends on several factors. Active sunscreen ingredients vary in their protective effect over the UVR and VL spectrum. There are dermatologic diseases that cause photosensitivity or that are aggravated by a particular action spectrum. In these situations, sunscreen suggestions can address the specific concern. Sunscreen does not represent a single entity. Appropriate personalized sunscreen selection is critical to improve compliance and clinical outcomes. Health care providers can facilitate informed product selection with awareness of evolving sunscreen formulations and counseling patients on appropriate use. This review aims to summarize different forms of photoprotection, discuss absorption of sunscreen ingredients, possible adverse effects, and disease-specific preferences for chemical, physical or oral agents that may decrease UVR and VL harmful effects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mansoor A, Khurshid Z, Khan MT, Mansoor E, Butt FA, Jamal A, Palma PJ. Medical and Dental Applications of Titania Nanoparticles: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203670. [PMID: 36296859 PMCID: PMC9611494 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are successfully employed in human food, drugs, cosmetics, advanced medicine, and dentistry because of their non-cytotoxic, non-allergic, and bio-compatible nature when used in direct close contact with the human body. These NPs are the most versatile oxides as a result of their acceptable chemical stability, lower cost, strong oxidation properties, high refractive index, and enhanced aesthetics. These NPs are fabricated by conventional (physical and chemical) methods and the latest biological methods (biological, green, and biological derivatives), with their advantages and disadvantages in this epoch. The significance of TiO2 NPs as a medical material includes drug delivery release, cancer therapy, orthopedic implants, biosensors, instruments, and devices, whereas their significance as a dental biomaterial involves dentifrices, oral antibacterial disinfectants, whitening agents, and adhesives. In addition, TiO2 NPs play an important role in orthodontics (wires and brackets), endodontics (sealers and obturating materials), maxillofacial surgeries (implants and bone plates), prosthodontics (veneers, crowns, bridges, and acrylic resin dentures), and restorative dentistry (GIC and composites).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Mansoor
- Department of Dental Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Talal Khan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan 60650, Pakistan;
| | - Emaan Mansoor
- Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Faaz Ahmad Butt
- Department of Materials Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Paulo J. Palma
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trousil J, Matějková J, Dai YS, Urbánek T, Šlouf M, Škorič M, Nejedlý T, Hrubý M, Fang JY. Nanocrystalline chloroxine possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and excellent skin tolerability in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:137-149. [PMID: 35012369 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial submicrometer particles are being studied as promising interventions against a wide range of skin conditions, such as fungal or bacterial infections. Aims: To submicronize chloroxine, the crystalline compound 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, by nanoprecipitation and characterize the resulting assemblies. Methods: The chloroxine particles were stabilized by a nonionic surfactant and were studied by a broth microdilution assay against 20 medically important bacteria and fungi. The intervention was studied using a murine model of skin irritation. Results & conclusions: Chloroxine nanoparticles with a diameter of 600-800 nm exhibit good tolerability in terms of skin irritation in vivo and good antimicrobial activity. Thus, the fabricated formulation shows great promise for interventions for both cutaneous infection control and prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jana Matějková
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czechia.,Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - You-Shan Dai
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tomáš Urbánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miša Škorič
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Nejedlý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen YY, Lee YH, Wang BJ, Chen RJ, Wang YJ. Skin damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with UVB is mediated by activating cell pyroptosis via the NLRP3 inflammasome-autophagy-exosomal pathway. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34983566 PMCID: PMC8729117 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used nanomaterial in personal cosmetics, such as skin creams and sunscreens, due to their whitening properties and strong UV light absorption. However, the safety issues and the hazards of ZnONPs, which can be taken up by the skin and cause skin toxicity, are still unclear. From a chemoprevention point of view, pterostilbene (PT) has been reported to prevent skin damage effectively by its anti-inflammatory and autophagy inducer effect. This study aims to determine the skin toxicity and the potential mechanisms of UVB and ZnONPs exposure and the preventive effect of PT. RESULTS The co-exposure of UVB and ZnONPs elicit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in keratinocytes. Furthermore, exposure to both UVB and ZnONPs also disrupts cellular autophagy, which increases cell exosome release. In vivo UVB and ZnONPs exposure triggers skin toxicity, as indicated by increased histological injury, skin thickness and transepidermal water loss. Notably, the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis are also activated during exposure. Topical application of pterostilbene attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by decreasing ROS generation and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels. In addition to its antioxidant effect, PT also reversed autophagy abnormalities by restoring normal autophagic flux and decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome-loaded exosome release. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that ZnONPs induce skin damage in conjunction with UVB exposure. This process involves an interplay of inflammasomes, pyroptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and exosomes in skin toxicity. PT alleviates skin inflammation by regulating the inflammasome-autophagy-exosome pathway, a finding which could prove valuable when further evaluating ZnONPs effects for cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Costa C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. Mapping hair follicle-targeted delivery by particle systems: What has science accomplished so far? Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121273. [PMID: 34763036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the hair follicle in the process of cutaneous drug penetration has been established since this skin appendage was recognized as an entry point for topically applied substances. A comprehensive review on the hair follicle as a target per se is here provided, exploring the current knowledge on both targeted regions and delivery systems that take advantage of this permeation route. The follicular penetration is a complex process, whose effectiveness and efficiency strongly depends on a diversity of different factors including follicular density and size, activity status of hair follicles and physicochemical properties of the topically applied substances. Nanocarriers represent a heterogeneous assembly of molecules organized into particles and they have revolutionized drug delivery in several areas of medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. As they possess an inherent ability to use the follicular route, they are reviewed here having in perspective the hair follicle zones that they are able to reach as reported. In this way, a follicular road map for the different delivery systems was compiled to assist as a guiding tool for those that have interest in the development and/or application of such delivery systems for hair and skin treatment or care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khabir Z, Holmes AM, Lai YJ, Liang L, Deva A, Polikarpov MA, Roberts MS, Zvyagin AV. Human Epidermal Zinc Concentrations after Topical Application of ZnO Nanoparticles in Sunscreens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12372. [PMID: 34830253 PMCID: PMC8618668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP)-based sunscreens are generally considered safe because the ZnO NPs do not penetrate through the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). However, cytotoxicity of zinc ions in the viable epidermis (VE) after dissolution from ZnO NP and penetration into the VE is ill-defined. We therefore quantified the relative concentrations of endogenous and exogenous Zn using a rare stable zinc-67 isotope (67Zn) ZnO NP sunscreen applied to excised human skin and the cytotoxicity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) using multiphoton microscopy, zinc-selective fluorescent sensing, and a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) methodology. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation imaging showed that 67ZnO NPs were retained on the surface or within the superficial layers of the SC. Zn fluorescence sensing revealed higher levels of labile and intracellular zinc in both the SC and VE relative to untreated skin, confirming that dissolved zinc species permeated across the SC into the VE as ionic Zn and significantly not as ZnO NPs. Importantly, the LA-ICP-MS estimated exogenous 67Zn concentrations in the VE of 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL are much lower than that estimated for endogenous VE zinc of 4.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL. Furthermore, their combined total zinc concentrations in the VE are much lower than the exogenous zinc concentration of 21 to 31 μg/mL causing VE cytotoxicity, as defined by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of exogenous 67Zn found in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). This speaks strongly for the safety of ZnO NP sunscreens applied to intact human skin and the associated recent US FDA guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khabir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Yi-Jen Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Liuen Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Anand Deva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Michael S. Roberts
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santacruz-Márquez R, González-De Los Santos M, Hernández-Ochoa I. Ovarian toxicity of nanoparticles. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:79-95. [PMID: 34098047 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ovary is a highly important organ for female reproduction. The main functions include sex steroid hormone synthesis, follicular development, and achievement of oocyte meiotic and development competence for proper fertilization. Nanoparticle (NP) exposure is becoming unavoidable because of its wide use in different products, including cosmetics, food, health, and personal care products. Studies examining different nonreproductive tissues or systems have shown that characteristics such as the size, shape, core material, agglomeration, and dissolution influence the effects of NPs. However, most studies evaluating NP-mediated reproductive toxicity have paid little or no attention to the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of NP on the observed effects. As accumulating evidence indicates that NP may reach the ovary to impair proper functions, this review summarizes the available data on NP accumulation in ovarian tissue, as well as data describing toxicity to ovarian functions, including sex steroid hormone production, follicular development, oocyte quality, and fertility. Due to their toxicological relevance, this review also describes the main physicochemical characteristics involved in NP toxicity and the importance of considering NP physicochemical characteristics as factors influencing the ovarian toxicity of NPs. Finally, this review summarizes the main mechanisms of toxicity described in ovarian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsés Santacruz-Márquez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Marijose González-De Los Santos
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sander M, Sander M, Burbidge T, Beecker J. The efficacy and safety of sunscreen use for the prevention of skin cancer. CMAJ 2021; 192:E1802-E1808. [PMID: 33318091 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sander
- Department of Medicine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section of Dermatology, and Cumming School of Medicine (Michael Sander), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Dermatology (Beecker), Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Beecker), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research institute (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Michael Sander
- Department of Medicine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section of Dermatology, and Cumming School of Medicine (Michael Sander), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Dermatology (Beecker), Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Beecker), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research institute (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Toni Burbidge
- Department of Medicine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section of Dermatology, and Cumming School of Medicine (Michael Sander), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Dermatology (Beecker), Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Beecker), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research institute (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jennifer Beecker
- Department of Medicine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section of Dermatology, and Cumming School of Medicine (Michael Sander), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Dermatology (Beecker), Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Beecker), University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research institute (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sander M, Sander M, Burbidge T, Beecker J. Efficacité et innocuité des écrans solaires pour la prévention du cancer de la peau. CMAJ 2021; 193:E348-E354. [PMID: 33685958 PMCID: PMC8034319 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.201085-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sander
- Département de médecine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section de dermatologie et École de médecine Cumming (Michael Sander), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Division de dermatologie (Beecker), Service de médecine, Hôpital d'Ottawa; Faculté de médecine (Beecker), Université d'Ottawa et Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital d'Ottawa (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Michael Sander
- Département de médecine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section de dermatologie et École de médecine Cumming (Michael Sander), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Division de dermatologie (Beecker), Service de médecine, Hôpital d'Ottawa; Faculté de médecine (Beecker), Université d'Ottawa et Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital d'Ottawa (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Toni Burbidge
- Département de médecine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section de dermatologie et École de médecine Cumming (Michael Sander), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Division de dermatologie (Beecker), Service de médecine, Hôpital d'Ottawa; Faculté de médecine (Beecker), Université d'Ottawa et Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital d'Ottawa (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jennifer Beecker
- Département de médecine (Megan Sander, Burbidge), Section de dermatologie et École de médecine Cumming (Michael Sander), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Division de dermatologie (Beecker), Service de médecine, Hôpital d'Ottawa; Faculté de médecine (Beecker), Université d'Ottawa et Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital d'Ottawa (Beecker), Ottawa, Ont
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Geisler AN, Austin E, Nguyen J, Hamzavi I, Jagdeo J, Lim HW. Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1233-1244. [PMID: 33640513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous photobiology studies have focused primarily on the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum. Visible light (VL), which comprises 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and, as discussed in Part I of this CME, has cutaneous biologic effects, such as pigment darkening and erythema. Photoprotection against VL includes avoiding the sun, seeking shade, and using photoprotective clothing. The organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters used in sunscreens do not protect against VL, only tinted sunscreens do. In the United States, these filters are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as an over-the-counter drug and are subject to more stringent regulations than in Europe, Asia, and Australia. There are no established guidelines regarding VL photoprotection. Alternative measures to confer VL photoprotection are being explored. These novel methods include topical, oral, and subcutaneous agents. Further development should focus on better protection in the ultraviolet A1 (340-400 nm) and VL ranges while enhancing the cosmesis of the final products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang WM, Chen CY, Lu TH, Yang YF, Liao CM. Estimates of lung burden risk associated with long-term exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles as a UV-filter in sprays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12924-8. [PMID: 33625711 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are employed as an ultraviolet filter in sunscreen products because of their high ultraviolet absorptivity. However, sunscreen sprays may pose health risks due to the toxicity of inhaled TiO2 NPs. Therefore, we estimated the potential human health risk posed by inhaled TiO2 NPs emitted from sunscreen sprays. The physiology-based lung model was employed to predict the lung TiO2 NPs burden caused by long-term exposure. A Hill-based dose-response model described the relationship between lung inflammation and TiO2 NP accumulation. The Weibull threshold model was used to estimate the threshold amount of accumulation inducing 0.5% of the maximum increase in neutrophils. The potential health risk was assessed using a hazard quotient-based probabilistic risk model. All data obtained to date indicate that application of sunscreen sprays poses no significant health risk. However, using data simulations based on the threshold criterion, we discovered that in terms of practical strategies for preventing the risks posed by inhaled TiO2 NPs emitted from spray products, the suggested daily use amount and pressing number are 40 g (95% confidence interval: 11-146 g) and 66 (18-245), respectively. In this study, we successfully translated the potential health risk of long-term exposure to NP-containing sunscreen sprays and recommendations for daily application into mechanistic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:189-244. [PMID: 33721254 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have now been around for decades to mitigate the Sun's damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation which, although essential for the existence of life, is a recognized prime carcinogen. Accordingly, have suncreams achieved their intended purposes towards protection against sunburns, skin photo-ageing and the like? Most importantly, however, have they provided the expected protection against skin cancers that current sunscreen products claim to do? In the last two decades, there have been tens, if not hundreds of studies on sunscreens with respect to skin protection against UVB (280‒320 nm)-traditionally sunscreens with rather low sun protection factors (SPF) were intended to protect against this type of radiation-and UVA (320‒400 nm) radiation; a distinction between SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) is made. Many of the studies of the last two decades have focused on protection against the more skin-penetrating UVA radiation. This non-exhaustive article reviews some of the important facets of what is currently known about sunscreens with regard (i) to the physical UV filters titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and the mostly photo-unstable chemical UVB/UVA filters (e.g., octinoxate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO), among others), (ii) to novel chemical sunscreen agents, (iii) to means that minimize the breakdown of chemical filters and improve their stability when exposed to UV sunlight, (iv) to SPF factors, and (v) to a short discussion on non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Importantly, throughout the article we allude to the safety aspects of sunscreens and at the end ask the question: do active ingredients in sunscreen products pose a risk to human health, and what else can be done to enhance protection? Significant loss of skin protection from two well-known commercial suncreams when exposed to simulated UV sunlight. Cream I: titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl triazone, avobenzone, and octinoxate; Cream II: octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.
Collapse
|
23
|
Katiyar N, Raju G, Madhusudanan P, Gopalakrishnan-Prema V, Shankarappa SA. Neuronal delivery of nanoparticles via nerve fibres in the skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2566. [PMID: 33510229 PMCID: PMC7844288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessing the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by topically applied nanoparticles is a simple and novel approach with clinical applications in several PNS disorders. Skin is richly innervated by long peripheral axons that arise from cell bodies located distally within ganglia. In this study we attempt to target dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, via their axons by topical application of lectin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (IB4-AuNP). In vitro, 140.2 ± 1.9 nm IB4-AuNP were found to bind both axons and cell bodies of DRG neurons, and AuNP applied at the axonal terminals were found to translocate to the cell bodies. Topical application of IB4-AuNP on rat hind-paw resulted in accumulation of three to fourfold higher AuNP in lumbar DRG than in contralateral control DRGs. Results from this study clearly suggest that topically applied nanoparticles with neurotropic targeting ligands can be utilized for delivering nanoparticles to neuronal cell bodies via axonal transport mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Katiyar
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Raju
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Pallavi Madhusudanan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vignesh Gopalakrishnan-Prema
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Sahadev A Shankarappa
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Development of fibrin hydrogel–based in vitro bioassay system for assessment of skin permeability to and pro-inflammatory activity mediated by zinc ion released from nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8269-8282. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Hussain Z, Thu HE, Haider M, Khan S, Sohail M, Hussain F, Khan FM, Farooq MA, Shuid AN. A review of imperative concerns against clinical translation of nanomaterials: Unwanted biological interactions of nanomaterials cause serious nanotoxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Wu Y, Chen L, Chen F, Zou H, Wang Z. A key moment for TiO 2: Prenatal exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles may inhibit the development of offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110911. [PMID: 32800246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in food, personal care products and industries pose risks on human health, particularly on vulnerable populations including pregnant women and infants. Fetus, deficient in mature defense system, is more susceptible to NPs. Publications on the developmental toxicity of TiO2 NPs on the maternal-exposed progeny have emerged. This review presents the main exposure routes of TiO2 NPs during pregnancy, including skin penetration, ingestion and inhalation, followed by transport of TiO2 NPs to the placenta. Accumulation of TiO2 NPs in placenta may cause dysfunction in nutrient transfer. TiO2 NPs can be even transported to the fetus and generate toxicities, such as impairments of nervous and reproductive system, and failure in lung and cardiovascular development. The toxicities rely on the crystalline phase and concentrations, and the main mechanisms include the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and over-activation of signaling pathways such as MAPK which impairs neurotransmission. Finally, this review remarks on the significance for identifying TiO2 NPs dosage safe for both mother and fetus, and particular attention should be paid at TiO2 NPs concentrations safe for mother but toxic to fetus. Importantly, research on the epigenetic trans-generational inheritance of TiO2 NPs is urgently needed to provide insights for deciding the prospects of TiO2 NPs applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sanches PL, Geaquinto LRDO, Cruz R, Schuck DC, Lorencini M, Granjeiro JM, Ribeiro ARL. Toxicity Evaluation of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the 3D Skin Model: A Systematic Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:575. [PMID: 32587852 PMCID: PMC7298140 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are regularly used in sunscreens because of their photoprotective capacity. The advantage of using TiO2 on the nanometer scale is due to its transparency and better UV blocking efficiency. Due to the greater surface area/volume ratio, NPs become more (bio)-reactive giving rise to concerns about their potential toxicity. To evaluate the irritation and corrosion of cosmetics, 3D skin models have been used as an alternative method to animal experimentation. However, it is not known if this model is appropriate to study skin irritation, corrosion and phototoxicity of nanomaterials such as TiO2 NPs. This systematic review (SR) proposed the following question: Can the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles be evaluated in a 3D skin model? This SR was conducted according to the Preliminary Report on Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The protocol was registered in CAMARADES and the ToxRTool evaluation was performed in order to increase the quality and transparency of this search. In this SR, 7 articles were selected, and it was concluded that the 3D skin model has shown to be promising to evaluate the toxicity of TiO2 NPs. However, most studies have used biological assays that have already been described as interfering with these NPs, demonstrating that misinterpretations can be obtained. This review will focus in the possible efforts that should be done in order to avoid interference of NPs with biological assays applied in 3D in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Laviola Sanches
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Luths Raquel de Oliveira Geaquinto
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Cruz
- Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Rosa Lopes Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Musial J, Krakowiak R, Mlynarczyk DT, Goslinski T, Stanisz BJ. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Food and Personal Care Products-What Do We Know about Their Safety? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1110. [PMID: 32512703 PMCID: PMC7353154 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a material of diverse applications commonly used as a food additive or cosmetic ingredient. Its prevalence in products of everyday use, especially in nanosize, raises concerns about safety. Current findings on the safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) used as a food additive or a sunscreen compound are reviewed and systematized in this publication. Although some studies state that TiO2 NPs are not harmful to humans through ingestion or via dermal exposure, there is a considerable number of data that demonstrated their toxic effects in animal models. The final agreement on the safety of this nanomaterial has not yet been reached among researchers. There is also a lack of official, standardized guidelines for thorough characterization of TiO2 NPs in food and cosmetic products, provided by international authorities. Recent advances in the application of 'green-synthesized' TiO2 NPs, as well as comparative studies of the properties of 'biogenic' and 'traditional' nanoparticles, are presented. To conclude, perspectives and directions for further studies on the toxicity of TiO2 NPs are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Rafal Krakowiak
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Beata J. Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (T.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Holmes AM, Kempson I, Turnbull T, Paterson D, Roberts MS. Penetration of Zinc into Human Skin after Topical Application of Nano Zinc Oxide Used in Commercial Sunscreen Formulations. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3640-3647. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Tyron Turnbull
- Future Industries Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | | | - Michael S. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Naringin nano-ethosomal novel sunscreen creams: Development and performance evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111122. [PMID: 32498002 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure of skin to UV rays produces detrimental effects such as premature skin-ageing and skin cancer. Although, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are good sunscreen agents, they do not provide highly efficient UV radiation protection and antioxidant and anti-aging effects. The present study was aimed at developing and characterizing ethosomes loaded with naringin and then to incorporate them into sunscreen creams containing nano-ZnO and -TiO2 to achieve adequate skin penetration and skin retention so as to scavenge the free radicals by virtue of naringin's antioxidant property. Ethosomes were prepared and optimized with respect to concentrations of ethanol and cholesterol, time of sonication, drug and lipid ratio and amount of drug. The ethosomes were evaluated for size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology. Ethosomal sunscreen creams were evaluated for physicochemical tests, spreadability, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and skin permeation studies. Optimized ethosomal formulation exhibited average vesicle size, PDI, ZP and drug encapsulation efficiency of 142.5 ± 5.6 nm, 0.199 ± 0.007, -72.5 ± 2.9 mV and 33.79 ± 1.35%, respectively. Naringin ethosomes showed enhanced retention in the skin (403.44 ± 15.33 μg/cm2) compared to naringin suspension (202.81 ± 9.45 μg/cm2). The optimized sunscreen cream exhibited SPF of 21.21 ± 0.62 with negligible permeation of naringin across the skin. Ethosomes showed pronounced skin permeation for naringin and optimized cream containing naringin ethosomes along with nano- ZnO and TiO2 showed good skin retention for naringin.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wong SWY, Zhou GJ, Leung PTY, Han J, Lee JS, Kwok KWH, Leung KMY. Sunscreens containing zinc oxide nanoparticles can trigger oxidative stress and toxicity to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111078. [PMID: 32319911 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study, for the first time, evaluated the leaching rate of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) from human skins which were applied with three commercial sunscreens containing nZnO as an active ingredient. The leaching rate of nZnO varied greatly among the sunscreens, with a range of 8-72% (mean ± SD: 45% ± 33%). We further investigated their toxicities to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. We found that 96-h median lethal concentrations of the three sunscreens to T. japonicus were > 5000, 230.6, and 43.0 mg chemical L-1, respectively, equivalent to Zn2+ concentrations at >82.5, 3.2, and 1.2 mg Zn L-1, respectively. Exposure to the individual sunscreens at environmentally realistic concentrations for 96 h led to up-regulation of antioxidant genes in T. japonicus, while they triggered the release of reactive oxygen species based on the results of in vivo assays. Evidently, these nZnO-included sunscreens can cause oxidative stress and hence pose risk to marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella W Y Wong
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kevin W H Kwok
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Holmes AM, Mackenzie L, Roberts MS. Disposition and measured toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc ions against keratinocytes in cell culture and viable human epidermis. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:263-274. [PMID: 32003270 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1692382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions of the UV filter, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP), are widely used in sunscreen products. This paper compared the relative disposition and local cytotoxicity of ZnO NP, and zinc ions formed on its dissolution, against keratinocyte cultures and in the human epidermis (ex vivo) after application of suspensions of ZnO NP. HaCaT keratinocyte cytotoxicities were found to be related to labile intra-cellular zinc but also total zinc and extra-cellular concentrations in cell culture media and to a degree ameliorated by the presence of a zinc chelating agent. Secondly, the zinc species were then dosed onto exposed ex vivo viable human epidermis and it was found that an increase in labile zinc level correlated with a shift in the metabolic state of the viable epidermis. This study highlights that excised viable skin acts as a more relevant model for determining cutaneous toxicity over keratinocyte monolayers in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Quality Medication Care Pty Ltd, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lorraine Mackenzie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Quality Medication Care Pty Ltd, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Adler BL, DeLeo VA. Sunscreen Safety: a Review of Recent Studies on Humans and the Environment. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
34
|
Yamada M, Mohammed Y, Prow TW. Advances and controversies in studying sunscreen delivery and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:72-86. [PMID: 32084432 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates the sunscreen delivery and toxicity field. We chose to focus on approved sunscreens in this review. Optimal sunscreen use prevents skin cancer and photoageing but there is an important knowledge gap in sunscreen/skin interactions. Sunscreen delivery is a key for efficacy, but studying sunscreen delivery is not straightforward. We review the strengths and weaknesses of in vitro, excised skin and clinical approaches. Understanding positive and negative sunscreen effects on skin homeostasis is also challenging. The results in this field, especially in vitro testing, are controversial and experimental design varies widely which further supports disparities between some findings. We hypothesize that bias towards showing sunscreen toxicity to increase impact could be problematic. We explore that perception through a detailed review of experimental design, especially in cell culture models. Our conclusion is that emerging, non- and minimally invasive technologies are enabling new approaches to volunteer studies that could significantly improve knowledge of sunscreen delivery and interactions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Slomberg DL, Catalano R, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Bartolomei V, Labille J, Masion A. Aqueous aging of a silica coated TiO2 UV filter used in sunscreens: investigations at the molecular scale with dynamic nuclear polarization NMR. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8266-8274. [PMID: 35497815 PMCID: PMC9049957 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term, aqueous aging of a commercial nanocomposite TiO2 UV filter with a protective SiO2 shell was examined in abiotic simulated fresh- and seawater. Under these conditions, the SiO2 layer was quantitatively removed (∼88–98%) within 96 hours, as determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). While these bulk ICP-AES analyses suggested almost identical SiO2 shell degradation after aging in fresh- and seawater, surface sensitive 29Si dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), with signal enhancements of 5–10× compared to standard SSNMR, was able to distinguish differences in the aged nanocomposites at the molecular level. DNP-SSNMR revealed that the attachment of the silica layer to the underlying TiO2 core rested on substantial Si–O–Ti bond formation, bonds which were preserved after freshwater aging, yet barely present after aging in seawater. The removal of the protective SiO2 layer is due to ionic strength accelerated dissolution, which could present significant consequences to aqueous environments when the photoactive TiO2 core becomes exposed. This work demonstrates the importance of characterizing aged nanocomposites not only on the bulk scale, but also on the molecular level by employing surface sensitive techniques, such as DNP-NMR. Molecular level details on surface transformation and elemental speciation will be crucial for improving the environmental safety of nanocomposites. Short-term, aqueous aging of a commercial nanocomposite TiO2 UV filter with a protective SiO2 shell was examined in abiotic simulated fresh- and seawater.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix-Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Centrale Marseille
- FSCM
- 13397 Marseille
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Introduction: The improvement of percutaneous absorption represents a clear dermatopharmaceutical aim. Recently, the hair follicle was recognized to be an important penetration pathway. Especially nanoparticles show an enhanced intrafollicular penetration and can be utilized to target specific cell populations within the hair follicle.Areas covered: The present review briefly summarizes the recent advances in follicular drug delivery of nanoparticles. Moreover, the particularities of the hair follicle as a penetration pathway are summarized which include its structure and specific barrier properties. Recently, the mechanism of the follicular penetration process has been clarified.In the meantime, different strategies have been developed to successfully improve follicular drug delivery of nanoparticles. One approach is to equip the nanocarriers with a triggered release system enabling them to release their drug load at the right time and place.Expert opinion: Follicular drug delivery with smart nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems represents a promising approach to increase the percutaneous absorption of topically applied substances. Although technical achievements and efficacy proofs concerning an increased penetration of substances are already available, the practical implementation into clinical application still represents an additional challenge and should be in the focus of interest in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been demonstrated to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and relative symptoms of prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders (sunburn, skin aging, and immunosuppression) through their ability to absorb, reflect, and scatter UV. Many commercial products have recently been manufactured from not only usual organic and inorganic UV filters, but also hybrid and botanical ingredients using typical formulations (emulsion, gel, aerosol, and stick). Particularly, these products have been supplemented with several preeminent properties to protect against the negative effects of not only UVB, but also UVA. However, the use of sunscreen has faced many challenges, including inducing photoallergic dermatitis, environment pollution, and deficiency of vitamin D production. Therefore, consumers should efficiently apply suitable products to improve sun protection. as well as to avoid the side effects of sunscreen.
Collapse
|
38
|
Dréno B, Alexis A, Chuberre B, Marinovich M. Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 7:34-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Dréno
- Onco‐Dermatology Department CHU Nantes CRCINA University Nantes Nantes France
| | - A. Alexis
- Department of Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - B. Chuberre
- L'Oréal Cosmetique Active International Levallois‐Perret France
| | - M. Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Biosynthesis of size-controlled gold nanoparticles using M. lucida leaf extract and their penetration studies on human skin for plastic surgery applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111591. [PMID: 31514102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, majority of the studies were focusing on the nanoparticles (NPs) and their abilities of penetrating Stratum Corneum (SC), as they can be prominently utilized in the plastic surgeries. In the current work, we demonstrated the penetrating abilities of gold NPs (AuNPs) through anthropological skin with diameters of 10 and 15 nm, varying in sizes, with the help of Multiphoton Microscopy. In addition, we also demonstrated a rapid facile environment friendly process of synthesizing AuNPs of adjustable sizes with the help of aqueous M. lucida leaf extract. Surface plasmon resonance was performed to confirm the synthesis of AuNPs at 530 nm with the help of UV-vis spectrophotometer. By differentiating the quantities of M. lucida leaf aqueous extracts, we studied the reduction time, morphological differences and size of the AuNPs. By performing Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), we characterized the fabricated AuNPs. The further aggregation and growth of AuNPs was protected by the polyphenols in the oxidised form by having a coordination with the surface of AuNPs. Moreover, the experiments of skin penetration showed an effort to deeply examine the factors leading to the penetration of particles into the human skin. These responses indicate that NPs at the determined size ranges penetrate the SC in the same pattern of the drug molecules, mostly by the intercellular paths. These responses attained were essential for developing a unique transdermal transporter as well as for understanding the basic interaction of skin-NPs for the application of plastic surgeries.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li H, Colantonio S, Dawson A, Lin X, Beecker J. Sunscreen Application, Safety, and Sun Protection: The Evidence. J Cutan Med Surg 2019; 23:357-369. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475419856611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently in Canada, there has been an effort to create consistent messaging about sun safety as there is a lack of up-to-date evidence-based guidelines regarding sun-protection measures. This review aimed to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations on sunscreen application, safety, and sun protection regarding the following topics for which there is clinical uncertainty: physical barriers, sunscreen properties, sunscreen application, and risk-benefit analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Li
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sophia Colantonio
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Dawson
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
| | - Xing Lin
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Beecker
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Nowadays, nanoproducts have found numerous applications, allowing them to enter the human body in different ways. Skin is a major body organ that acts as the first-line barrier between the internal organs and external environment. Although the inhalation and ingestion of nanoparticles is more dangerous compared with skin exposure, there are noteworthy information gaps in skin exposure to nanoparticles that need much attention. Despite the few reviews in the literature on the cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles, no research has reviewed the clinical side effects of nanoparticles following topical admonition, including skin inflammation, skin cancer and genetic toxicity.
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Support for the Safe Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Sunscreens: Lack of Skin Penetration or Cellular Toxicity after Repeated Application in Volunteers. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
44
|
Aditya A, Chattopadhyay S, Gupta N, Alam S, Veedu AP, Pal M, Singh A, Santhiya D, Ansari KM, Ganguli M. ZnO Nanoparticles Modified with an Amphipathic Peptide Show Improved Photoprotection in Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:56-72. [PMID: 30507150 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles of different sizes were functionalized with an amphipathic peptide, and its effect on nanoparticle stabilization and UV photoprotective activity was studied in this article. The peptide-modified nanoparticles exhibited lower aggregation, significant reduction in Zn2+ leaching in vitro and even inside the cells for smaller particle sizes, reduced photocatalytic activity, and reduced cellular toxicity under UV-B treated conditions. In addition, the peptide-modified 60 nm ZnO nanoparticles showed lower genotoxicity, lower oxidative stress induction levels, less DNA damage responses, and less immunogenic potential than the bare counterparts in the presence of UV-B rays. They localized more in the stratum corneum and epidermis ex vivo, indicating better retention in epidermis, and demonstrated improved UV-B protection and/or skin integrity in SKH-1 mice in vivo compared to unmodified nanoparticles and commercial UV-protective agents tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the application of peptide-modified ZnO nanoparticles for improved photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Aditya
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | | | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology , Delhi Technological University , New Delhi 110042 , India
| | - Shamshad Alam
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh 226001 , India
| | - Archana Palillam Veedu
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Mrinmoy Pal
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Deenan Santhiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology , Delhi Technological University , New Delhi 110042 , India
| | - Kausar M Ansari
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh 226001 , India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg , New Delhi 110001 , India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang M, Lai X, Shao L, Li L. Evaluation of immunoresponses and cytotoxicity from skin exposure to metallic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4445-4459. [PMID: 30122919 PMCID: PMC6078075 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary science that has developed rapidly in recent years. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly utilized in dermatology and cosmetology, because of their unique properties. However, skin exposure to NPs raises concerns regarding their transdermal toxicity. The tight junctions of epithelial cells form the skin barrier, which protects the host against external substances. Recent studies have found that NPs can pass through the skin barrier into deeper layers, indicating that skin exposure is a means for NPs to enter the body. The distribution and interaction of NPs with skin cells may cause toxic side effects. In this review, possible penetration pathways and related toxicity mechanisms are discussed. The limitations of current experimental methods on the penetration and toxic effects of metallic NPs are also described. This review contributes to a better understanding of the risks of topically applied metallic NPs and provides a foundation for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China,
| | - Xuan Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Graaf NPJ, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ, Bontkes H, Gibbs S, Rustemeyer T. A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: Patch test materials and manifestations. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:85-90. [PMID: 29797739 PMCID: PMC6099462 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Titanium is being increasingly used. Although it is considered to be a non‐allergenic material, allergic reactions to it have been reported. Titanium dioxide has been found to be an unreliable patch test material. Few studies to date have profiled titanium allergy, and it therefore remains difficult to distinguish its manifestations. Objectives To evaluate alternatives for titanium dioxide as a patch test preparation, and to profile titanium reactions and manifestations. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted with 458 patients who underwent patch testing with at least 1 of 5 different titanium salts. Results At least 1 positive result was noted in 5.7% of the patients. The frequency of positive results for the tested salts ranged from 0.9% to 7.9%. Titanium(IV) oxalate hydrate had the highest yield and titanium dioxide the lowest. Erythema, dermatitis and local swelling were the most common objective complaints. In 16 (61.5%) patients, the test result had partial or full clinical relevance. Conclusions No titanium‐specific risk factors and clinical picture could be identified. Titanium dioxide is not adequately sensitive for identifying titanium allergy. The titanium salts seem to be possible superior patch test preparations, but appear to be unsuitable if used singly. The patient's medical history and clinical picture remain crucial in the diagnostic work‐up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels P J de Graaf
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Bontkes
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Unit Medical Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sue Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raju G, Katiyar N, Vadukumpully S, Shankarappa SA. Penetration of gold nanoparticles across the stratum corneum layer of thick-Skin. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Zaid AN, Jaradat N, Darwish S, Nairat S, Shamlawi R, Hamad Y, Hussein F, Issa L. Assessment of the general quality of sunscreen products available in Palestine and method verification of the sun protection factor using Food and Drug Administration guidelines. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:1122-1129. [PMID: 29377413 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunlight exposure affects all skin types causing skin tanning, burns or even skin cancer. Sunscreens were invented to prevent these outcomes by scattering or absorbing the UV light. AIMS This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Mansur method in SPF measurement and to find out how much reliable the labeled sun protection factor (SPF) value for the products that are imported to Palestine knowing that they are considered as cosmetics and they don't undergo tests by the Ministry Of Health (MOH). MATERIALS In this research, sun protection factor (SPF) was determined for 16 commercially available sunscreen products using Mansur equation which was also validated; moreover sunscreen classification, product phase determination and pH measurement were also done. RESULTS Sun protection factor values were mostly 50, 43.75% of the analyzed samples were close to the labeled SPF, 31.25% were under the labeled value, and 25% SPF value above the labeled value. All samples exhibited a pH close to skin pH. 62% of them were found to be O/W. Cosmetic companies and importers should focus on pediatric sunscreens, since only 12.5% are pediatric sunscreens. CONCLUSIONS Ministry Of Health should ask prove about the quality of an SPF value of sunscreens for final registration of these products. More instructions should be available on the label regarding the proper use especially, if they are not water proof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Saja Darwish
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sura Nairat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rawan Shamlawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yasmeen Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Fatema Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cooper MR, West GH, Burrelli LG, Dresser D, Griffin KN, Segrave AM, Perrenoud J, Lippy BE. Inhalation exposure during spray application and subsequent sanding of a wood sealant containing zinc oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2017; 14:510-522. [PMID: 28406371 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1296237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled construction products have entered into commerce. There are concerns about the safety of manufactured nanomaterials, and exposure assessments are needed for a more complete understanding of risk. This study assessed potential inhalation exposure to ZnO nanoparticles during spray application and power sanding of a commercially available wood sealant and evaluated the effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation in reducing exposure. A tradesperson performed the spraying and sanding inside an environmentally-controlled chamber. Dust control methods during sanding were compared. Filter-based sampling, electron microscopy, and real-time particle counters provided measures of exposure. Airborne nanoparticles above background levels were detected by particle counters for all exposure scenarios. Nanoparticle number concentrations and particle size distributions were similar for sanding of treated versus untreated wood. Very few unbound nanoparticles were detected in aerosol samples via electron microscopy, rather nano-sized ZnO was contained within, or on the surface of larger airborne particles. Whether the presence of nanoscale ZnO in these aerosols affects toxicity merits further investigation. Mass-based exposure measurements were below the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit for Zn, although there are no established exposure limits for nanoscale ZnO. Local exhaust ventilation was effective, reducing airborne nanoparticle number concentrations by up to 92% and reducing personal exposure to total dust by at least 80% in terms of mass. Given the discrepancies between the particle count data and electron microscopy observations, the chemical identity of the airborne nanoparticles detected by the particle counters remains uncertain. Prior studies attributed the main source of nanoparticle emissions during sanding to copper nanoparticles generated from electric sander motors. Potentially contrary results are presented suggesting the sander motor may not have been the primary source of nanoparticle emissions in this study. Further research is needed to understand potential risks faced by construction workers exposed to mixed aerosols containing manufactured nanomaterials. Until these risks are better understood, this study demonstrates that engineering controls can reduce exposure to manufactured nanomaterials; doing so may be prudent for protecting worker health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Cooper
- a The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) , Silver Spring , Maryland
| | - Gavin H West
- a The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) , Silver Spring , Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Alan M Segrave
- c Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. , Kennesaw , Georgia
| | - Jon Perrenoud
- c Bureau Veritas North America, Inc. , Kennesaw , Georgia
| | - Bruce E Lippy
- a The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) , Silver Spring , Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ruszkiewicz JA, Pinkas A, Ferrer B, Peres TV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Neurotoxic effect of active ingredients in sunscreen products, a contemporary review. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:245-259. [PMID: 28959646 PMCID: PMC5615097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen application is the main strategy used to prevent the maladies inflicted by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Despite the continuously increasing frequency of sunscreen use worldwide, the prevalence of certain sun exposure-related pathologies, mainly malignant melanoma, is also on the rise. In the past century, a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed. Physical filters scatter and reflect UV rays and chemical filters absorb those rays. Alongside the evidence for increasing levels of these agents in the environment, which leads to indirect exposure of wildlife and humans, recent studies suggest a toxicological nature for some of these agents. Reviews on the role of these agents in developmental and endocrine impairments (both pathology and related mechanisms) are based on both animal and human studies, yet information regarding the potential neurotoxicity of these agents is scant. In this review, data regarding the neurotoxicity of several organic filters: octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3 and −4, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor and octocrylene, and two allowed inorganic filters: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, is presented and discussed. Taken together, this review advocates revisiting the current safety and regulation of specific sunscreens and investing in alternative UV protection technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Adi Pinkas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|