1
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Wu J, Yu C, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Xu X. Dietary inflammatory index and renal cancer risk: a prospective study. Food Funct 2023; 14:9287-9294. [PMID: 37779467 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02158k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: High dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores, representing pro-inflammatory diets, have been associated with increased risks for numerous cancers. However, the evidence for renal cancer is limited. In the present study, we aimed to assess the association between DII and renal cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort. Methods: Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for various potential confounders. Results: After a median 12.2 years of follow-up, this study recorded 443 renal cancer cases among 101 190 individuals. The DII score was positively associated with renal cancer risk in multivariable analyses. The HR in the highest DII tertile compared to the lowest tertile was 1.38 (95% CI 1.03-1.84). This was also true when DII was analyzed as a continuous variable. The HR of one-unit increment in DII for renal cancer risk was 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.12). Conclusion: In this large American cohort, pro-inflammatory diet, as estimated by higher DII scores, was significantly associated with a greater risk of renal cancer. Future large prospective studies are warranted to verify these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chenchen Yu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Medical&Health Group Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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2
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Mantione ME, Sana I, Vilia MG, Riba M, Doglioni C, Larcher A, Capitanio U, Muzio M. SIGIRR Downregulation and Interleukin-1 Signaling Intrinsic to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894413. [PMID: 35814450 PMCID: PMC9256934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is highly inflamed, and tumor cells are embedded into a microenvironment enriched with IL1. While inflammatory pathways are well characterized in the immune system, less is known about these same pathways in epithelial cells; it is unclear if and how innate immune signals directly impact on cancer cells, and if we could we manipulate these for therapeutic purposes. To address these questions, we first focused on the inflammatory receptors belonging to the IL1- and Toll-like receptor family including negative regulators in a small cohort of 12 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients’ samples as compared to their coupled adjacent normal tissues. Our data demonstrated that renal epithelial cancer cells showed a specific and distinctive pattern of inflammatory receptor expression marked by a consistent downregulation of the inhibitory receptor SIGIRR mRNA. This repression was confirmed at the protein level in both cancer cell lines and primary tissues. When we analyzed in silico data of different kidney cancer histotypes, we identified the clear cell subtype as the one where SIGIRR was mostly downregulated; nonetheless, papillary and chromophobe tumor types also showed low levels as compared to their normal counterpart. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that IL1 stimulation of the ccRCC cell line A498 triggered an intrinsic signature of inflammatory pathway activation characterized by the induction of distinct “pro-tumor” genes including several chemokines, the autocrine growth factor IL6, the atypical co-transcription factor NFKBIZ, and the checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1. When we looked for the macroareas most represented among the differentially expressed genes, additional clusters emerged including pathways involved in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. To note, SIGIRR overexpression in A498 cells dampened IL1 signaling as assessed by a reduced induction of NFKBIZ. Our results suggest that SIGIRR downregulation unleashes IL1 signaling intrinsic to tumor cells and that manipulating this pathway may be beneficial in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Mantione
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sana
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Vilia
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Muzio
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marta Muzio,
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3
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Higgins MI, Martini DJ, Patil DH, Nabavizadeh R, Steele S, Williams M, Joshi SS, Narayan VM, Sekhar A, Psutka SP, Ogan K, Bilen MA, Master VA. Sarcopenia and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score predict postsurgical outcomes in localized renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2021; 127:1974-1983. [PMID: 33760232 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition and inflammation are gaining importance for prognostication in cancer. This study investigated the individual and combined utility of the preoperative skeletal muscle index (SMI) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) for estimating postoperative outcomes in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing nephrectomy. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of 352 patients with localized RCC. SMI was measured via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Patients met the criteria for sarcopenia by body mass index- and sex-stratified thresholds. Multivariable and Kaplan-Meier analyses of associations of sarcopenia and mGPS with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were performed. Variables were analyzed independently and combined into risk groups: low risk (nonsarcopenic, low mGPS), medium risk (sarcopenia only), medium risk (inflammation only), and high risk (sarcopenic, high mGPS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze risk groups in comparison with the Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis (SSIGN) score and the modified International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) score. RESULTS The majority of the patients were at stage pT3 (63%), 39.5% of the patients were sarcopenic, and 19.3% had an elevated mGPS at the baseline. The median follow-up time was 30.4 months. Sarcopenia and mGPS were independently associated with worse OS (hazard ratio for sarcopenia, 1.64; P = .006; hazard ratio for mGPS, 1.72; P = .012), CSS, and RFS. Risk groups had an increasing association with worse RFS (P = .015) and CSS (P = .004) but not OS (P = .087). ROC analyses demonstrated a higher area under the curve for risk groups in comparison with the SSIGN and IMDC scores at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia and an elevated mGPS were associated with worse clinical outcomes in this study of patients with localized RCC. This has implications for preoperative prognostication and treatment decision-making. LAY SUMMARY Kidney cancer is a disease with a wide variety of outcomes. Among patients undergoing surgical removal of the kidney for cancer that has not spread beyond the kidney, many are cured, but some experience recurrence. Physicians are seeking ways to better predict who is at risk for recurrence or death from kidney cancer. This study has evaluated body composition and markers of inflammation before surgery to predict the risk of recurrence or death after surgery. Specifically, low muscle mass and an elevated inflammation score (the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score) have been associated with an increased likelihood of recurrence of kidney cancer and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Higgins
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dylan J Martini
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dattatraya H Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean Steele
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Milton Williams
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shreyas S Joshi
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vikram M Narayan
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aarti Sekhar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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4
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Adapala RKR, Prabhu GGL, Sanman KN, Yalla DR, Shetty R, Venugopal P. Is preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio a red flag which can predict high-risk pathological characteristics in renal cell carcinoma? Urol Ann 2021; 13:47-52. [PMID: 33897164 PMCID: PMC8052900 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to invoke both immunological and inflammatory responses. While the neutrophils mediate the tumor-induced inflammatory response, the lymphocytes bring about the various immunological events associated with it. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple indicator of this dual response. We investigated the association between preoperative NLR and histopathological prognostic variables of RCC intending to find out whether it can be of value as a red flag capable of alerting the clinician as to the biological character of the tumor under consideration. Methods Preoperative NLR and clinicopathological variables, namely histological subtype, nuclear grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, renal sinus invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation of 60 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, were analyzed to detect the association between the two. Results We found that mean preoperative NLR was significantly higher in clear-cell carcinomas (3.25 ± 0.29) when compared with nonclear-cell carcinomas (2.25 ± 0.63). There was a linear trend of NLR rise as the stage of the disease advanced. A significant rise in preoperative NLR was noted in tumors with various high-risk histopathological features such as tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid differentiation. Conclusion Preoperative measurement of NLR is a simple test which may provide an early clue of high-risk pathological features of renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Laxman Prabhu
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Sanman
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Rao Yalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit Shetty
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Shi J, Wang K, Xiong Z, Yuan C, Wang C, Cao Q, Yu H, Meng X, Xie K, Cheng Z, Yang H, Chen K, Zhang X. Impact of inflammation and immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 33014151 PMCID: PMC7520756 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial research attention has been directed at exploring the mechanisms and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Indeed, the association between inflammation and tumor phenotypes has been at the center of cancer research. Concomitant with research on the inflammation response and inflammatory molecules involved in RCC, new breakthroughs have emerged. A large body of knowledge now shows that treatments targeting inflammation and immunity in RCC provide substantial clinical benefits. Adequate analysis and a better understanding of the mechanisms of inflammatory factors in the occurrence and progression of RCC are highly desirable. Currently, numerous RCC treatments targeted at inflammation and immunotherapy are available. The current review describes in detail the link between inflammation and RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Changfei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Huang Yu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangui Meng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kairu Xie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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6
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Tong T, Guan Y, Xiong H, Wang L, Pang J. A Meta-Analysis of Glasgow Prognostic Score and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score as Biomarkers for Predicting Survival Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1541. [PMID: 33042799 PMCID: PMC7527435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Accumulative studies suggest the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) to be potential biomarkers; however, their prognostic value remains debatable. Our meta-analysis focused on assessing the accurate prognostic value of GPS and mGPS in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in addition to their effectiveness. Methods: To investigate the relationship between mGPS/GPS and prognostic value in patients with RCC, we performed a comprehensive retrieval of relevant articles from databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline up to February 1, 2020. STATA 15.0 software was used to obtain pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for survival outcome, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS). A formal meta-analysis of these outcomes was performed. Results: In total, 2,691 patients with RCC were enrolled from 15 cohort studies. Higher GPS/mGPS (GPS/mGPS of 2) indicated poorer OS, CSS, PFS, and RFS in patients with RCC. Similarly, medium GPS/mGPS (GPS/mGPS of 1) also had a significant association with poorer OS, CSS, PFS, and RFS but superior than higher GPS/mGPS in these patients. Conclusion: GPS and mGPS are effective biomarkers for predicting prognosis in patients with RCC, and higher GPS and mGPS are closely related to inferior survival outcomes. More randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the promising value of GPS/mGPS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Tong
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yupeng Guan
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Baoan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Rooney N, Mason SM, McDonald L, Däbritz JHM, Campbell KJ, Hedley A, Howard S, Athineos D, Nixon C, Clark W, Leach JDG, Sansom OJ, Edwards J, Cameron ER, Blyth K. RUNX1 Is a Driver of Renal Cell Carcinoma Correlating with Clinical Outcome. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2325-2339. [PMID: 32156779 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recurring association of specific genetic lesions with particular types of cancer is a fascinating and largely unexplained area of cancer biology. This is particularly true of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) where, although key mutations such as loss of VHL is an almost ubiquitous finding, there remains a conspicuous lack of targetable genetic drivers. In this study, we have identified a previously unknown protumorigenic role for the RUNX genes in this disease setting. Analysis of patient tumor biopsies together with loss-of-function studies in preclinical models established the importance of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in ccRCC. Patients with high RUNX1 (and RUNX2) expression exhibited significantly poorer clinical survival compared with patients with low expression. This was functionally relevant, as deletion of RUNX1 in ccRCC cell lines reduced tumor cell growth and viability in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional profiling of RUNX1-CRISPR-deleted cells revealed a gene signature dominated by extracellular matrix remodeling, notably affecting STMN3, SERPINH1, and EPHRIN signaling. Finally, RUNX1 deletion in a genetic mouse model of kidney cancer improved overall survival and reduced tumor cell proliferation. In summary, these data attest to the validity of targeting a RUNX1-transcriptional program in ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE: These data reveal a novel unexplored oncogenic role for RUNX genes in kidney cancer and indicate that targeting the effects of RUNX transcriptional activity could be relevant for clinical intervention in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rooney
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Mason
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McDonald
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Howard
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan R Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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8
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The prevalence of cancer associated systemic inflammation: Implications of prognostic studies using the Glasgow Prognostic Score. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102962. [PMID: 32344318 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic importance of SIR in patients with cancer is widely recognised. More recently it has become clear that the systemic inflammatory response is an important etiologic factor in the development of cancer cachexia. Two recent meta-analysis carried out in 2017 and 2018 were interrogated and the number of patients with specific cancer types were identified. The percentage of patients with operable cancer (n>28,000) who were systemically inflamed varied from 21% to 38%. The percentage of patients with inoperable cancer (n>12,000) who were systemically inflamed varied from 29% to 79%. Overall, the percentage of patients (n>40,000) who were systemically inflamed varied from 28% to 63% according to tumour type. The most commonly studied cancer was colorectal cancer (n∼10,000 patients) and 40% were systemically inflamed.
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9
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Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Glasgow Prognostic Score as a Prognostic Factor for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:393-398. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Qi F, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Gao Y. Pre-treatment Glasgow prognostic score and modified Glasgow prognostic score may be potential prognostic biomarkers in urological cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:531. [PMID: 31807513 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) or modified GPS (mGPS) in various cancers has been investigated. However, no unified conclusion could be drawn in urological cancers. So, we aimed to explore the potential role of GPS/mGPS in urological cancers. Methods Related studies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science and Embase up to May 30th, 2019 comprehensively. Their associations were assessed by the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 20 related studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The outcomes revealed that a relatively lower level of pre-treatment GPS/mGPS was associated with better overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS)/disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progress-free survival (PFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) (pooled HR =2.70; 95% CI, 1.81-4.01; pooled HR =2.90; 95% CI, 2.00-4.22; pooled HR =2.43; 95% CI, 1.62-3.66, respectively). Subgroup analysis by cancer type for OS indicated that GPS/mGPS could also be a predictor no matter in renal cell cancer (RCC) or bladder cancer (BC) (pooled HR =3.60; 95% CI, 2.07-6.28 and pooled HR =2.71; 95% CI, 1.08-6.82). Similar results could be found in CSS/DSS (RCC: HR =4.12; 95% CI, 2.69-6.30) and in DFS/ PFS/RFS (RCC: HR =2.66; 95% CI, 1.82-3.90 and BC: HR =1.52; 95% CI, 1.23-1.88). As for the treatment subgroup, pre-treatment GPS/mGPS played an independent role in OS for patients no matter in which treatment type (Surgery: pooled HR =2.16; 95% CI, 1.43-3.26; Chemotherapy: pooled HR =4.41; 95% CI, 2.27-8.58); the same in CSS/DSS (Surgery: pooled HR =3.28; 95% CI, 1.73-6.20; Immunotherapy: pooled HR =2.72; 95% CI, 1.87-3.96) and DFS/RFS/PFS (Surgery: pooled HR =2.54; 95% CI, 1.65-3.92). Lastly, both GPS and mGPS played prognostic role in OS, CSS/DSS or DFE/RFS/PFS (OS: GPS: pooled HR =2.12; 95% CI, 1.04-4.32; mGPS: pooled HR =3.12; 95% CI, 1.87-5.20; CSS/DSS: GPS: pooled HR =2.87; 95% CI, 2.11-3.91; mGPS: pooled HR =3.00; 95% CI, 1.60-5.63; DFS/RFS/PFS: GPS: pooled HR =3.61; 95% CI, 1.43-9.07; mGPS: pooled HR =1.99; 95% CI, 1.32-2.99). Conclusions This study shed light on that GPS/mGPS might be an independent prognostic factor in urological cancers, indicating that a lower level of pre-treatment GPS/mGPS was closely related to better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunqiu Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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11
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Hu X, Wang Y, Yang WX, Dou WC, Shao YX, Li X. Modified Glasgow prognostic score as a prognostic factor for renal cell carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6163-6173. [PMID: 31308752 PMCID: PMC6613602 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), a combination of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels, reflects systemic inflammation and nutritional status. This score has been shown to have prognosis value for various tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of mGPS for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Literature search was conducted based on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 2018. We pooled HRs and 95% CIs to evaluate the correlation between mGPS and survival in patients with RCC. Results Twelve studies comprising 2,391 patients were included in the present study for quantitative synthesis. Our studies demonstrated that higher mGPS was significantly correlated to poor overall survival (HR=4.31; 95%CI, 2.78–6.68; P<0.001), cancer-specific survival (HR=5.88; 95%CI, 3.93–8.78; P<0.001), recurrence-free survival (HR=3.15; 95%CI, 2.07–4.79; P<0.001), and progression-free survival (HR=1.91; 95%CI, 1.27–2.89; P=0.002). Subgroup analyses also confirmed the overall results. Conclusion mGPS could serve as a predictive tool for the survival of patients with RCC. In the different subgroups, the results are also consistent with previous results. In conclusion, pretreatment higher mGPS is associated with poorer survival in patients with RCC. Further external validations are necessary to strengthen this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chao Dou
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xiang Shao
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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12
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Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2180373. [PMID: 30271792 PMCID: PMC6146775 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2180373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent, low-grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all-cause mortality of these patients. Although substantial improvements have been made in clinical care, CKD remains a major public health burden, affecting 10–15% of the population, and its prevalence is constantly growing. Due to its insidious nature, CKD is rarely diagnosed in early stages, and once developed, its progression is unfortunately irreversible. There are many factors that contribute to the setting of the inflammatory status in CKD, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and acidosis, chronic and recurrent infections, altered metabolism of adipose tissue, and last but not least, gut microbiota dysbiosis, an underestimated source of microinflammation. In this scenario, a huge step forward was made by the increasing progression of omics approaches, specially designed for identification of biomarkers useful for early diagnostic and follow-up. Recent omics advances could provide novel insights in deciphering the disease pathophysiology; thus, identification of circulating biomarker panels using state-of-the-art proteomic technologies could improve CKD early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostics. This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge regarding the relationship between inflammation and CKD, highlighting the current proteomic approaches, as well as the inflammasomes and gut microbiota dysbiosis involvement in the setting of CKD, culminating with the troubling bidirectional connection between CKD and renal malignancy, raised on the background of an inflammatory condition.
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13
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Ku JM, Hong SH, Kim SR, Choi HS, Kim HI, Kim DU, Oh SM, Seo HS, Kim TY, Shin YC, Cheon C, Ko SG. The prevention of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced inflammation in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice by Jawoongo. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:215. [PMID: 30005655 PMCID: PMC6045835 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Jawoongo is an herbal mixture used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether Jawoongo ameliorates Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like pathology in mice and to understand its underlying cellular mechanisms. Methods AD was induced by 2, 4-Dinitrocholrlbenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice. Treatment with Jawoongo was assessed to study the effect of Jawoongo on AD in mice. Histological Analysis, blood analysis, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, ELISA assay and cell viability assay were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of Jawoongo on AD in mice. Results We found that application of Jawoongo in an ointment form on AD-like skin lesions on DNCB-exposed BALB/c mice reduced skin thickness and ameliorated skin infiltration with inflammatory cells, mast cells and CD4+ cells. The ointment also reduced the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α in the sensitized skin. Leukocyte counts and the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were decreased in the blood of the DNCB-treated mice. Furthermore, studies on cultured cells demonstrated that Jawoongo exhibits anti-inflammatory activities, including the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammation-associated molecule levels in numerous types of agonist-stimulated innate immune cell, including human mast cells (HMC-1), murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes isolated from mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that Jawoongo alleviates DNCB-induced AD-like symptoms via the modulation of several inflammatory responses, indicating that Jawoongo might be a useful drug for the treatment of AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2280-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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Sylman JL, Mitrugno A, Atallah M, Tormoen GW, Shatzel JJ, Tassi Yunga S, Wagner TH, Leppert JT, Mallick P, McCarty OJT. The Predictive Value of Inflammation-Related Peripheral Blood Measurements in Cancer Staging and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:78. [PMID: 29619344 PMCID: PMC5871812 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the interaction between cancer and markers of inflammation (such as levels of inflammatory cells and proteins) in the circulation, and the potential benefits of routinely monitoring these markers in peripheral blood measurement assays. Next, we discuss the prognostic value and limitations of using inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and C-reactive protein measurements. Furthermore, the review discusses the benefits of combining multiple types of measurements and longitudinal tracking to improve staging and prognosis prediction of patients with cancer, and the ability of novel in silico frameworks to leverage this high-dimensional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Sylman
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Canary Center at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michelle Atallah
- Canary Center at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Garth W Tormoen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Cancer Early Detection & Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Cancer Early Detection & Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Todd H Wagner
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John T Leppert
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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15
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Stravodimou A, Tzelepi V, Papadaki H, Mouzaki A, Georgiou S, Melachrinou M, Kourea EP. Evaluation of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in actinic keratosis, in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:337-347. [PMID: 29419888 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent important regulators of carcinogenesis. Cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (inSCC) develops through precursor lesions, namely in situ squamous cell carcinoma (isSCC) and actinic keratosis (AK), representing a natural model of carcinogenesis. The study evaluates TIL subpopulations in inSCC and its precursors by comparing 2 semiquantitative scoring systems, and assesses the presence of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in these lesions. METHODS Paraffin sections from 33 cases of AK, 19 isSCCs and 34 inSCCs with adjacent precursor lesions or normal skin (NS) were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3. TIL subgroups were evaluated by the semiquantitative Klintrup-Mäkinen (K-M) score, and by a more detailed modification of this system. Treg counts were assessed by image analysis quantification. RESULTS An increase of all TIL subpolulations from precursor lesions toward inSCC was shown by both scoring systems. Treg counts progressively increased from NS to AK and isSCC, but decreased in inSCC. Tregs were more numerous in pT2 and around indolent inSCCs compared to T1 and aggressive subtypes. CONCLUSIONS T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells progressively increase in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis, while Treg counts diminish in inSCC. The K-M score is an appropriate, easily applicable TIL scoring system in cutaneous inSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Stravodimou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni P Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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16
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The role of the systemic inflammatory response in predicting outcomes in patients with operable cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16717. [PMID: 29196718 PMCID: PMC5711862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading causes of death worldwide and an elevated systemic inflammatory response (SIR) is associated with reduced survival in patients with operable cancer. This review aims to examine the evidence for the role of systemic inflammation based prognostic scores in patients with operable cancers. A wide-ranging literature review using targeted medical subject headings for human studies in English was carried out in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CDSR databases until the end of 2016. The SIR has independent prognostic value, across tumour types and geographical locations. In particular neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (n = 158), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (n = 68), lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) (n = 21) and Glasgow Prognostic Score/ modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS/mGPS) (n = 60) were consistently validated. On meta-analysis there was a significant relationship between elevated NLR and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.00001)/ cancer specific survival (CSS) (p < 0.00001), between elevated LMR and OS (p < 0.00001)/CSS (p < 0.00001), and elevated PLR and OS (p < 0.00001)/CSS (p = 0.005). There was also a significant relationship between elevated GPS/mGPS and OS (p < 0.00001)/CSS (p < 0.00001). These results consolidate the prognostic value of the NLR, PLR, LMR and GPS/mGPS in patients with resectable cancers. This is particularly true for the NLR/GPS/mGPS which should form part of the routine preoperative and postoperative workup.
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17
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Prognostic Value of Inflammatory and Nutritional Scores in Renal Cell Carcinoma After Nephrectomy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:582-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Prognostic value of the Glasgow Prognostic Score in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Urol 2016; 35:771-780. [PMID: 27665441 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) has been reported to predict oncologic outcomes in various type of cancer. However, their prognostic value in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the prognostic significance of GPS in RCC patients. METHODS We performed comprehensive searches of electronic databases to identify studies that evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment GPS in RCC patients. The end points were cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free/disease-free survival (RFS/DFS). Meta-analysis using random-effects models was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Nine retrospective, observational, cohort studies involving 2096 patients were included. Seven studies evaluated CSS, and three evaluated RFS. Our results showed that higher GPS (0 vs. 1 vs. 2) was significantly predictive of poorer CSS (HR 3.68, 95 % CI 2.52-5.40, p < 0.001) and RFS/DFS (HR 2.83, 95 % CI 1.86-4.30, p < 0.001) in patients with RCC. These findings were robust when stratified by sample size, presence of metastasis, and study region. We also conducted subgroup analysis by assessment of Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) score, and the HRs were 2.708 (95 % CI 1.969, 3.725) in under 7 points group, 3.685 (95 % CI 2.516, 5.396) in over than 7 points group in CSS. Meta-regression analysis indicated that NOS score group had a significant difference in HRs (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Higher GPS is associated with tumor progression and is predictive of poorer survival in patients with RCC. Therefore, GPS may help to inform treatment decisions and predict treatment outcomes.
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19
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Cho DS, Kim SI, Choo SH, Jang SH, Ahn HS, Kim SJ. Prognostic significance of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol 2016; 50:186-91. [PMID: 26878156 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1136677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) as a prognostic factor in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods Between June 1994 and July 2012, 469 patients with RCC underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at two hospitals. Among these patients, 65 with non-clear cell type histology and 16 with lymph-node or distant metastasis were excluded. The medical records of the remaining 388 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The mGPS was calculated using a selective combination of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin as previously described. The prognostic significance of various clinicopathological variables including mGPS was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the total 388 patients, 40 patients (10.3%) developed local recurrence or distant metastasis and 18 patients (4.6%) died of disease during the follow-up period. The univariate analysis identified CRP, mGPS, thrombocytosis, T stage, Fuhrman's nuclear grade and lymphovascular invasion as significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The multivariate analysis indicated that mGPS (p < 0.001), T stage (p = 0.024) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.046) were independent prognostic factors for RFS, whereas mGPS (p = 0.001) was the only independent prognostic factor for CSS. Conclusions The mGPS is an independent prognostic factor for RFS and CSS in patients with non-metastatic clear cell RCC treated with radical or partial nephrectomy. These findings suggest that mGPS should be used for predicting recurrence or survival in patients undergoing nephrectomy for non-metastatic clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sung Cho
- a Department of Urology , Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- b Department of Urology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Ho Choo
- b Department of Urology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Heun Jang
- a Department of Urology , Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Ahn
- b Department of Urology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joong Kim
- b Department of Urology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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20
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Badakhshi H, Kaul D, Zhao KLE. Association between the inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein, and the response to radiochemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:643-647. [PMID: 27073683 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced esophageal cancer has been treated by a multimodality regimen encompassing combined radiochemotherapy (RCT). The tumor response to neoadjuvant RCT is a major determinant of further therapeutic strategies, whether surgery or a continuation of RCT, and therefore, also of the patient's overall prognosis. The present study included patients with histologically proven squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was measured prior to and following the completion of neoadjuvant RCT. Only CRP measurements taken within 2 weeks of the start of RCT were analyzed. Further measurements were then taken at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 40 weeks following RCT. CRP levels were high prior to treatment; however, eventually decreased and normalized following the therapy. In univariate analysis, pre-therapeutic CRP levels had a significant influence on the response rate (P=0.033), whilst post-therapeutic CRP levels had no significant influence (P=0.383). Pre-therapeutic CRP levels, however, not post-therapeutic CRP levels were significantly correlated with the response rate (P=0.045 and P=0.444, respectively), and no association was observed between CRP levels and survival. This preliminary data indicated that the pre-therapeutic serum CRP level is a possible indicator of treatment response to RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Badakhshi
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Ernst von Bergmann Medical Center, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Ernst von Bergmann Medical Center, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kuai-LE Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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21
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Grimes N, Tyson M, Hannan C, Mulholland C. A Systematic Review of the Prognostic Role of Hematologic Scoring Systems in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Nephrectomy With Curative Intent. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:271-6. [PMID: 26949171 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to evaluate the prognostic benefit of the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy with curative intent. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched for all publications before April 2015. Duplicates were excluded, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to all abstracts; of those remaining, full articles were obtained and inclusion/exclusion criteria were again applied, and the remaining articles were included and critically appraised. Eight articles were included in this review. Three articles were included for GPS. Outcomes included recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). All articles demonstrated better prognosis associated with a lower GPS on multivariate analysis: 1-year recurrence-free survival hazard ratio (HR), 7.0 (P = .001); CSS HR, 6.7 to 8.6 (P < .001); and OS HR 4.2 (P < .001). Four articles were included for NLR. All articles demonstrated elevated NLR to be associated with a poorer prognosis. Two articles demonstrated elevated NLR to be associated with a lower progression-free survival. One article demonstrated elevated NLR to be associated with a lower CSS (HR, 1.02, P = .009), and 2 articles demonstrated elevated NLR to be associated with a lower OS (HR, 1.02-1.6). No articles were included for PLR, and only 1 article was identified for PNI. There may be a role for modified GPS and NLR in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy with curative intent. Evidence for PLR and PNI is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Grimes
- Department of Urology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Matthew Tyson
- Department of Urology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | - Cathal Hannan
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Colin Mulholland
- Department of Urology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, Northern Ireland
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22
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Shrotriya S, Walsh D, Bennani-Baiti N, Thomas S, Lorton C. C-Reactive Protein Is an Important Biomarker for Prognosis Tumor Recurrence and Treatment Response in Adult Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143080. [PMID: 26717416 PMCID: PMC4705106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic literature review was done to determine the relationship between elevated CRP and prognosis in people with solid tumors. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a serum acute phase reactant and a well-established inflammatory marker. We also examined the role of CRP to predict treatment response and tumor recurrence. METHODS MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms were used to search multiple electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBM-Cochrane). Two independent reviewers selected research papers. We also included a quality Assessment (QA) score. Reports with QA scores <50% were excluded. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology was utilized for this review (S1 PRISMA Checklist). RESULTS 271 articles were identified for final review. There were 45% prospective studies and 52% retrospective. 264 had intermediate QA score (≥50% but <80%); Seven were adequate (80% -100%); A high CRP was predictive of prognosis in 90% (245/271) of studies-80% of the 245 studies by multivariate analysis, 20% by univariate analysis. Many (52%) of the articles were about gastrointestinal malignancies (GI) or kidney malignancies. A high CRP was prognostic in 90% (127 of 141) of the reports in those groups of tumors. CRP was also prognostic in most reports in other solid tumors primary sites. CONCLUSIONS A high CRP was associated with higher mortality in 90% of reports in people with solid tumors primary sites. This was particularly notable in GI malignancies and kidney malignancies. In other solid tumors (lung, pancreas, hepatocellular cancer, and bladder) an elevated CRP also predicted prognosis. In addition there is also evidence to support the use of CRP to help decide treatment response and identify tumor recurrence. Better designed large scale studies should be conducted to examine these issues more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shrotriya
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Declan Walsh
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabila Bennani-Baiti
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shirley Thomas
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cliona Lorton
- Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Harold’s Cross, Dublin, Ireland
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Holzman SA, de la Calle CM, Kissick HT, Osunkoya AO, Pollack BP, Patil D, Ogan K, Master VA. High Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with Improved Prognosis. Urol Int 2015; 95:72-8. [PMID: 25721803 DOI: 10.1159/000370164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we analyzed major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) expression as a potential prognostic immune marker for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS 34 patients with localized ccRCC (pT1-pT3) who had undergone nephrectomy and had at least 4 years of clinical follow-up data were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining for MHCI was performed on tumor sections. An automated image analysis algorithm was applied to representative tumor areas to quantitate the proportion of stained pixels (positivity score = positive pixels/total pixels) on scanned digital slides. RESULTS At the end of the study, the patients who were alive had increased MHCI expression (mean positivity score 0.80) compared to those who died of the disease (mean positivity score 0.53; p < 0.0001, t test). Patients who were alive with recurrence had increased MHCI expression (positivity score 0.81) compared to those who succumbed to their disease recurrence (positivity score 0.53; p < 0.0001, t test). Survival was higher among patients with high MHCI expression compared to patients with low MHCI expression (p < 0.0001, Mantel-Cox). CONCLUSIONS With an automated high-throughput image analysis technique, this study shows that higher tumor cell MHCI expression promotes increased survival and reduced incidence of recurrence compared to patients with lower tumor cell MHCI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Holzman
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in small renal masses. ISRN UROLOGY 2014; 2014:759253. [PMID: 25006517 PMCID: PMC3972910 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. To evaluate the association between preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with small renal masses (SRM). Methods. Retrospective chart reviews of patients with renal masses ≤4 cm who underwent nephrectomy from January 2007 to July 2012 were conducted. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between preoperative NLR and clinicopathologic variables. Results. In 1001 patients, we noted higher mean preoperative NLR in men (3.0 ± 1.4 versus 2.6 ± 1.3 in women, P < 0.01) and Caucasians (2.9 ± 1.4 versus 1.9 ± 0.9 in African Americans, P < 0.01) but no significant differences in patients with low (I-II) versus high (III-IV) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores (2.8 ± 1.4 versus 2.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.18) or benign versus malignant pathology (2.9 ± 1.4 versus 2.8 ± 1.3, P = 0.75). Spearman correlation analysis (ρ) showed preoperative NLR significantly correlated with age (ρ = 0.15, P < 0.01) and preoperative serum creatinine (Crea) [ρ = 0.13, P < 0.01]. On multivariable linear regression analysis older age, male gender, Caucasian race, and preoperative Crea were predictive of higher preoperative NLR, but ASA score and tumor pathology were not. Conclusions. In patients with SRM, we found no association between preoperative NLR and tumor pathology.
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Genetic control of renal tumorigenesis by the mouse Rtm1 locus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:724. [PMID: 24148528 PMCID: PMC4046818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis of susceptibility to renal tumorigenesis has not yet been established in mouse strains. Mouse lines derived by bidirectional phenotypic selection on the basis of their maximal (AIRmax) or minimal (AIRmin) acute inflammatory responsiveness differ widely in susceptibility to spontaneous and urethane-induced renal tumorigenesis. To map the functional loci modulating renal tumor susceptibility in these mice, we carried out a genome-wide genetic linkage study, using SNP arrays, in an (AIRmax x AIRmin)F2 intercross population treated with a single urethane dose at 1 week of age and phenotyped for renal tumors at 35 weeks of age. Results AIRmax mice did not develop renal tumors spontaneously nor in response to urethane, whereas in AIRmin mice renal tumors formed spontaneously (in 52% of animals) and after urethane induction (89%). The tumors had a papillary morphology and were positive for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and negative for CD10. By analysis of 879 informative SNPs in 662 mice, we mapped a single quantitative trait locus modulating the incidence of renal tumors in the (AIRmax x AIRmin)F2 intercross population. This locus, which we named Renal tumor modifier QTL 1 (Rtm1), mapped to chromosome 17 at 23.4 Mb (LOD score = 15.8), with SNPs rs3696835 and rs3719497 flanking the LOD score peak. The A allele of rs3719497 from AIRmin mice was associated with a 2.5-fold increased odds ratio for renal tumor development. The LOD score peak included the Tuberous sclerosis 2 (Tsc2) gene which has already been implicated in kidney disease: loss of function by germline retroviral insertion is associated with spontaneous renal tumorigenesis in the Eker rat, and heterozygous-null Tsc2(+/-) mice develop renal cystadenomas. Conclusions We mapped Rtm1 as a single major locus modulating renal tumorigenesis in a murine intercross population. Thus, the AIR mouse lines can be considered a new genetic model for studying the role of germline and somatic molecular alterations in kidney neoplastic disease.
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Qayyum T, McArdle P, Hilmy M, Going J, Orange C, Seywright M, Horgan P, Underwood M, Edwards J. A prospective study of the role of inflammation in bladder cancer. Curr Urol 2013; 6:189-93. [PMID: 24917741 DOI: 10.1159/000343537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine the role of inflammation in bladder cancer, we assessed the relationship between a systemic inflammation prognostic score (modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, mGPS), the tumor inflammatory cell infiltrate as measured by the Klintrup-Makinen score and tumor necrosis with cancer specific survival in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cohort consisted of 68 bladder cancer patients, 47 with localised disease and 21 with muscle invasive disease. The mGPS response was constructed by measuring C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations and the Klintrup-Makinen score was evaluated histologically for the local inflammatory response. Pathological parameters such as grade, T stage and tumor necrosis were also assessed. RESULTS Median follow was 47 months and 24 patients died of their disease. On univariate analysis, T stage (p < 0.001), grade (p < 0.001) and mGPS (p = 0.002) were significant predictors of cancer specific survival. On multivariate analysis, T stage (hazard ratio 5.98, 95% confidence interval 3.18-11.24, p < 0.001) and mGPS (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.9, p = 0.02) were significant independent predictors of cancer specific survival. CONCLUSION A preoperative systemic inflammatory response is an independent predictor of poor cancer specific survival in patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Qayyum
- Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - James Going
- University Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Orange
- Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Paul Horgan
- School of Medicine, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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