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Wei YL, She ZY, Huang T, Zhang HT, Wang XR. Male reproductive systems of Macaca mulatta: Gonadal development, spermatogenesis and applications in spermatogonia stem cell transplantation. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:127-137. [PMID: 33965833 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is widely applied in animal model construction of infertility, spermatogonia stem cell transplantation and male reproductive diseases. In this review, we describe the seasonal changes of the reproductive system in rhesus macaques, the regular pattern of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa maturation, and the differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The duration of the M. mulatta spermatogenesis is approximately 10 days and seminiferous epithelium cycles mainly consist of 12 stages, which provide a suitable model for reproductive studies in non-human primates. Here, we summarize the features of gonadal development and sperm maturation in the rhesus monkeys, which provide important information in the studies of reproductive biology. Rhesus macaque is an excellent animal model in spermatogonia stem cell transplantation. We discuss the applications and progresses of assisted reproductive technologies in sperm liquefaction, semen cryopreservation and spermatogonia stem cell transplantation of rhesus macaques. Besides, we sort out recent proteomic analyses of male reproductive systems and semen samples in rhesus macaques. This review mainly focuses on male reproductive biology and application studies using M. mulatta, which would promote the development of new therapeutic interventions on assisted reproduction and reproductive disease studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350011, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
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Martínez-Torres M, Álvarez-Rodríguez C, Luis J, Sánchez-Rivera UÁ. Electroejaculation and semen evaluation of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus torquatus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Zoo Biol 2019; 38:393-396. [PMID: 31294476 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Carmen Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Juana Luis
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Uriel Ángel Sánchez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
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de Villiers C. A comparison between the semen and sperm parameters from the captive-bred Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) and Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2018; 47:211-216. [PMID: 29693257 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that non-human primates (NHP) represent the model of choice for integrative studies of testicular function and endocrine control. However, there are many species-specific differences that necessitate identification prior to the selection of an appropriate model for these studies. In an NHP breeding facility, this opportunity of selection is usually presented during breeding periods when it is crucial to determine which individuals should be maintained as breeders. With reference to adult males and their use in breeding programs and reproductive studies, it is therefore imperative to document the normal semen and sperm values, expected seasonal changes and the variabilities found within samples and among individuals. The comparison of closely related species that differ by breeding seasonality will, therefore, highlight their value in reproductive research. METHODS Semen samples were obtained by rectal probe electroejaculation (RPE). The seminal and sperm characteristics of captive-bred Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) (n = 10) and Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (n = 10) were evaluated and compared. Parameters such as semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, and sperm motility were analyzed by means of a computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system. RESULTS Large variations in semen and sperm parameter values indicated differences between species and samples. Monthly variations were observed for the Vervet regardless of breeding and conceptions that occurred throughout the year. In contrast, Rhesus seminal characteristics indicated a clear seasonal trend. CONCLUSION Non-human primates have long provided as research models for studying complexities of human reproductive biology. The baseline values reported from this study can be applied as guidelines during the selection of male individuals for reproductive studies. Of further interest is the comparative data on semen and sperm parameters between two congeneric species that differ by seasonal versus aseasonal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charon de Villiers
- PUDAC-Delft Animal Facility, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Liu X, Baloch Z, Wang G, Xue S, Huang Q, Yang S. High efficient and non-invasive collection of ejaculates from rats using penile vibratory stimulation. Theriogenology 2018; 106:192-197. [PMID: 29080477 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rat is one of the most important experimental animals, which plays an indispensable role in biomedical research, particularly in reproduction. However, according to our best knowledge, there is no easy and efficient method available for semen collection from rats. RESULTS In this study, we successfully collected semen through penile vibratory stimulation ejaculation (PVSE) from laboratory rats. This is an easier and more efficient method compared with rectal probe electro-ejaculation (RPE). We found that the ejaculation rate, volume, concentration and motility of semen collected with PVSE were substantially better than those of RPE. Although PVSE was time-consuming compared to RPE, the quality of semen was better; additionally, sperm concentration and motility of semen were significantly higher with a two-day interval between collections compared to a five-day interval. Moreover, we found that electrical stimulation, use of anesthesia and increased age of rats have a negative effect on sperm quality. In the last experiment, four fertile female rats were artificially inseminated with PVSE-collected semen, and healthy offspring were born. CONCLUSION Here, for the first time, we established the repeated collection of semen using the PVSE method in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zulqarain Baloch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Senren Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qunshang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shihua Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Ma Y, Li J, Wang G, Ke Q, Qiu S, Gao L, Wan H, Zhou Y, Xiang AP, Huang Q, Feng G, Zhou Q, Yang S. Efficient production of cynomolgus monkeys with a toolbox of enhanced assisted reproductive technologies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25888. [PMID: 27173128 PMCID: PMC4865753 DOI: 10.1038/srep25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates is low due to no screening criterions for selecting sperm, oocyte, and embryo as well as its surrogate mothers. Here we analyzed 15 pairs of pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys, each pair of which received embryos from one batch of fertilized oocytes, and found ratio of endometrial to myometrial thicknesses in abdominal ultrasonic transverse section of uterus is a reliable indicator for selection of recipients for embryo transfer. We performed 305 ovarian stimulations in 128 female cynomolgus monkeys and found that ovarian stimulation can be performed in a whole year and repeated up to six times in the same monkey without deteriorating fertilization potential of eggs until a poor response to stimulation happened. Fertilization can be efficiently achieved with both conventional and piezo-driven intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. In semen collection, semen quality is higher with the penile robe electrical stimulus method compared with the rectal probe method. Moreover, caesarean section is an effective strategy for increasing baby survival rates of multiple pregnancies. These findings provide a practical guidance for the efficient use of ARTs, facilitating their use in genetic engineering of macaque monkeys for basic and translational neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Sien Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Blooming-spring biotechnology development Co., Ltd., of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510940, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Qunshan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Shihua Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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Hayes J, Powell N, Lathrop G, Heneine W, Dobard CW. Assessment of penile erection methods in rhesus macaques to model pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and penile infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. J Med Primatol 2016; 45:34-41. [PMID: 26778321 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An established macaque model to assess HIV interventions against penile transmission is currently not available. Physiological changes during penile erections may affect susceptibility to infection and drug pharmacokinetics (PK). Here, we identify methods to establish erections in macaques to evaluate penile transmission, PK, and efficacy under physiologic conditions. METHODS Penile rigidity and length were evaluated in eight rhesus macaques following rectal electrostimulation (RES), vibratory stimulation (VS), or pharmacological treatment with Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) or Alprostadil. RESULTS Rectal electrostimulation treatment increased penile rigidity (>82%) and length (2.5 ± 0.58 cm), albeit the response was transient. In contrast, VS alone or coupled with Viagra or Alprostadil failed to elicit an erection response. CONCLUSION Rectal electrostimulation treatment elicits transient but consistent penile erections in macaques. High rigidity following RES treatment demonstrates increased blood flow and may provide a functional model for penile PK evaluations and possibly simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission under erect conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hayes
- Animal Resources Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Powell
- Animal Resources Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George Lathrop
- Animal Resources Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Walid Heneine
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles W Dobard
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zimmerman DM, Mitchell MA, Perry BH. Collection and characterization of semen from green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Am J Vet Res 2014; 74:1536-41. [PMID: 24274892 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine an efficient method for the collection of semen samples by means of electroejaculation, characterize spermatozoa quality and quantity, and determine the effect of refrigerated storage on motility of spermatozoa obtained from green iguanas (Iguana iguana). ANIMALS 18 adult green iguanas. PROCEDURES Green iguanas were anesthetized, and semen samples were obtained by means of electroejaculation. Up to 3 series of electrostimulations were performed; the procedure was stopped after a semen sample was obtained. Various semen sample variables were evaluated. RESULTS Semen samples were obtained from 16 iguanas; most (n = 10) iguanas produced a semen sample after the second series of electrostimulations. Median semen sample volume was 0.05 mL. Mean spermatozoa concentration was 2 69.0 × 10(6) spermatozoa/mL. Median percentage of motile spermatozoa was 78%. The only morphological abnormality of spermatozoa was bent tails (mean percentage in a semen sample, 5.7%). Spermatozoa motility decreased significantly during refrigeration (4°C); median percentage motility after 24, 48, and 72 hours of refrigeration was 60%, 33%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study suggested electroejaculation can be performed to collect semen samples from green iguanas, characteristics of iguana semen samples are similar to those for semen samples obtained from other reptiles, and motility of iguana spermatozoa decreases during refrigeration within 48 to 72 hours.
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van der Horst G, Maree L. Sperm form and function in the absence of sperm competition. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:204-16. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard van der Horst
- Department of Medical Bioscience; University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| | - Liana Maree
- Department of Medical Bioscience; University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
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Improving the efficiency of the preliminary electroejaculation technique developed for semen collection from the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). J Zoo Wildl Med 2011; 41:633-7. [PMID: 21370643 DOI: 10.1638/2009-0189.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested various combinations of ketamine and xylazine with the objective to improve on the efficiency of the preliminary electroejaculation technique developed for semen collection from the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). There were two experiments, which were each replicated. Experiment 1 had six treatments: treatment 1 (30 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 2 (20 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 3 (30 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 4 (20 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 5 (30 mg/kg xylazine), and treatment 6 (40 mg/kg xylazine). Experiment 2 included five treatments: treatment 7 (40 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 8 (20 mg/kg ketamine and 40 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 9 (15 mg/kg ketamine and 40 mg/kg xylazine), treatment 10 (10 mg/kg ketamine and 40 mg/kg xylazine), and treatment 11 (5 mg/kg ketamine and 40 mg/ kg xylazine). Mean induction times were 3:27 +/- 0:31 and 4:59 +/- 0.49; mean immobilization times were 1:55 +/- 0.11 and 1:19:06 +/- 0:11.7 hr, respectively, for experiments 1 and 2. Treatment 4 produced the best ejaculation time and semen volume, 4.53 +/- 0.52 min and 0.41 +/- 0.07 ml, respectively. Spermatozoa were observed in 75% of ejaculate samples collected when treatments 6 and 7 were applied. The best treatments were 6 and 7 (P < 0.05); spermatozoa concentration (431 +/- 180 x 106/ml), motile cell % (47.17 +/- 8.78%) and forward progressive motility % (47.1 +/- 10.5%). Success rates for samples containing spermatozoa increased from 30% in previous experiments to 41.33%. It was concluded that weaker dosages of xylazine may require being administered in combination with ketamine to completely anaesthetize the male agouti for electroejaculation.
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Parga JA, Maga M, Overdorff DJ. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography scanning of primate copulatory plugs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2006; 129:567-76. [PMID: 16345065 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, high-resolution computed tomography X-ray scanning was used to scan ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) copulatory plugs. This method produced accurate measures of plug volume and surface area, but was not useful for visualizing plug internal structure. Copulatory plug size was of interest because it may relate to male fertilization success. Copulatory plugs form from coagulated ejaculate, and are routinely displaced in this species by the penis of a subsequent mate during copulation (Parga [2003] Int. J. Primatol. 24:889-899). Because one potential function of these plugs may be to preclude or delay other males' successful insemination of females, we tested the hypothesis that larger plugs are more difficult for subsequent males to displace. Plugs were collected opportunistically upon displacement during data collection on L. catta mating behavior on St. Catherines Island, Georgia (USA) during two subsequent breeding seasons. Copulatory plugs exhibited a wide range of volumes: 1,758-5,013.6 mm3 (n = 9). Intraindividual differences in plug volume were sometimes greater than interindividual differences. Contrary to predictions, larger plugs were not more time-consuming for males to displace via penile intromission during copulation. Nor were plugs with longer vaginal residence times notably smaller than plugs with shorter residence times, as might be expected if plugs disintegrate while releasing sperm (Asdell [1946] Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction; Ithaca: Comstock). We found a significant inverse correlation between number of copulatory mounts leading to ejaculation and copulatory plug volume. This may indicate that if males are sufficiently sexually aroused to reach ejaculation in fewer mounts, they tend to produce ejaculates of greater volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Parga
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Valle RR, Guimarães MABV, Muniz JAPC, Barnabe RC, Vale WG. Collection and evaluation of semen from captive howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). Theriogenology 2004; 62:131-8. [PMID: 15159108 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2003] [Accepted: 08/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Semen samples (n=58) were collected by electroejaculation from nine adult male howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) between November 2000 and August 2001 at the National Primates Center, Ananindeua, Brazil. The ejaculates were free of coagulum. Mean (+/-S.D.) values were: volume, 0.09 +/- 0.05 ml; pH, 8.1 +/- 0.5; concentration 649.5 +/- 926.7 x 10(6) sperm/ml; progressive motility, 75.8 +/- 18.1%; forward progressive sperm motility (scale, 0-5), 3.5 +/- 1.0; live spermatozoa, 68.3 +/- 15.0%; primary defects, 9.6 +/- 4.5%; and secondary defects, 11.8 +/- 4.6%. There were high correlations between motility and live sperm (r = 0.91, P < 0.01), motility and forward progressive sperm motility (r = 0.84, P < 0.01) and between forward progressive sperm motility and live sperm (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). There were no alterations observed during clinical examinations and hematological analysis performed before and after semen collection. Therefore, the method was considered safe and efficient. It can be used for the evaluation of the breeding potential of male howler monkeys in captivity and for the establishment of new assisted reproductive technology (ART) for threatened species of neotropical primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Valle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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VandeVoort CA. High quality sperm for nonhuman primate ART: production and assessment. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:33. [PMID: 15200678 PMCID: PMC436066 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that affect sperm quality can include method of semen collection, conditions for capacitation and whether or not agglutination is present. Media and procedures for sperm washing can also impair or improve sperm function in assisted reproductive technologies. For example, the removal of seminal fluid through large volume washing is required to eliminate decapacitation activity of seminal plasma. The forces involved with centrifugation and the metabolic stress of tightly pelleting sperm during washing procedures can have deleterious results. In contrast to human sperm, sperm from the most commonly used species of nonhuman primates, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, do not spontaneously capacitate in vitro; rather, chemical activation with dibutryl cyclic AMP and caffeine is required. Recognizing motility patterns of non-activated and activated sperm can be accomplished with simple observation. After activation, sperm agglutination sometimes occurs and can interfere with sperm binding to the zona pellucida. Because nonhuman primate oocytes require a large investment to produce and currently, each animal can be hormonally stimulated a limited number of times, it is important to have means to evaluate quality prior to using sperm from a new male for in vitro fertilization. Methods for producing live, acrosome reacted sperm may also have application for ICSI. Because many genetically valuable males are now being identified, it may be necessary to individualize sperm preparation to accommodate male-to-male variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Schneiders A, Sonksen J, Hodges JK. Penile vibratory stimulation in the marmoset monkey: a practical alternative to electro-ejaculation, yielding ejaculates of enhanced quality. J Med Primatol 2004; 33:98-104. [PMID: 15061722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The availability of sufficient amounts of spermatozoa of high quality is one of the main limiting factors in reproductive research and development of reproductive technologies in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Penile vibrostimulation (PVS) has been successfully used in semen collection in the squirrel monkey but with poor success rate in the marmoset. We report here on an improved protocol for PVS with a success rate of almost 90%. Ejaculates obtained by PVS were of enhanced quality compared with those obtained by rectal probe electro-ejaculation (RPE). PVS ejaculates contained on average three to fourfold higher numbers of total and motile spermatozoa. Assessment of sperm kinematics using computer-assisted sperm analysis indicated that there are also functional differences between spermatozoa collected by PVS and RPE. Marmoset spermatozoa in samples obtained by RPE swim in a more convoluted manner compared with those obtained by PVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schneiders
- Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, Goettingen, Germany
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Hernández-López L, Parra GC, Cerda-Molina AL, Pérez-Bolaños SC, Díaz Sánchez V, Mondragón-Ceballos R. Sperm quality differences between the rainy and dry seasons in captive black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Am J Primatol 2002; 57:35-41. [PMID: 11977125 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present work provides an assessment of sperm measures (concentration, motility, viability, etc.) of three black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) during the rainy and dry seasons in Mexico City, as well as an evaluation of the between-subjects variability of sperm quality. Twenty samples obtained by rectal electroejaculation and digested with trypsin were evaluated. The results showed that during the dry season (n = 9) the semen samples were of better quality than those obtained during the rainy season (n = 11). The individual animals showed differences in sperm concentration, although there were no differences in sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Hernández-López
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Programa Universitario de Investigación en Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México.
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16
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Roudebush WE, Gerald MS, Cano JA, Lussier ID, Westergaard G, Higley JD. Relationship between platelet-activating factor concentration in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa and sperm motility. Am J Primatol 2002; 56:1-7. [PMID: 11793409 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent signaling phospholipid that has been implicated in a number of biological activities. PAF concentration in primate spermatozoa has a positive correlation with fertility. While PAF is present in rhesus spermatozoa, there are no relational reports on its concentration and the cell's motility. The study objective was to determine if PAF concentration in rhesus spermatozoa was correlated with motility indices (percent motility and forward progression). Semen was collected from sexually mature males and cell counts, and percent motilities and forward progressions were recorded prior to PAF measurement by radioimmunoassay. Spermatozoa-derived PAF concentration ranged from a low of 0.9 picomoles/10(6) cells to a high of 13.0 picomoles/10(6) cells. The overall mean (+/-SEM) PAF concentration was 4.6 (+/-1.6) picomoles/10(6) spermatozoa. Regression analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between PAF concentration in the spermatozoa and percent motility (R2 = 0.914; P < 0.01) as well as forward progression (R2 = 0.849; P < 0.05). A receiver-operator characteristic curve and the calculation of the probability that a positive forward progression will be predicted indicated a cutoff limit of 1.5 picomoles/10(6) cells for PAF concentration in rhesus sperm. Rhesus monkey spermatozoa motility was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the high-PAF (> or =2 picomoles/10(6) cells) group (31.0 +/- 7.6) than in the low-PAF (<2 picomoles/10(6) cells) group (6.8 +/- 2.1). Rhesus monkey spermatozoa forward progression was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the high-PAF (> or =2 picomoles/10(6) cells) group (3.0 +/- 1.0) than in the low-PAF (<2 picomoles/10(6) cells) group (0.7 +/- 0.3). The data demonstrate that PAF concentration in rhesus spermatozoa has a significant relationship with percent motility and the cell's forward progression. Determining PAF concentration in spermatozoa may be a significant predictor of fertility in the primate. Additional studies will elucidate the role of PAF in spermatozoa function and the significance PAF plays in primate fertility.
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CSEH SANDOR, CHAN PHILIPJ, CORSELLI JOHANNAH, BAILEY LEONARDL. Electroejaculated baboon (Papio anubis) sperm requires a higher dosage of pentoxifylline to enhance motility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2000; 17:449-53. [PMID: 11062856 PMCID: PMC3455568 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009469319596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm collected by electroejaculation often show poor motility. The objective was to determine whether the addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline, would stimulate electroejaculated baboon sperm motility. METHODS Electroejaculation was performed on several occasions on a male baboon and sperm collected after familiarization. Pentoxifylline was tested at the standard concentration (1 mg/ml) and at twice the concentration. Sperm parameters were evaluated using a sperm motility analyzer, as well as acrosome and DNA integrity techniques. RESULTS Sperm exposed to 2 mg/ml pentoxifylline had higher total motility when compared with the control and 1 mg/ml treatment. Rapid progression and velocities were higher after pentoxifylline. The acridine orange DNA normality test showed that over 90% of collected sperm had intact unfragmented DNA. About half the sperm population had normal morphology and intact acrosomes. A low percentage had cytoplasmic droplets. CONCLUSIONS Sperm collected by rectal probe electroejaculation required a higher concentration (2 mg/ml) of pentoxifylline for enhanced total motility, rapid progression, and higher velocity. This suggested differences in membrane properties or phosphodisterase activity in electrojeaculated sperm. The electroejaculation procedure did not denature sperm DNA at the acridine orange assay level nor were the acrosomes disrupted. The present study also documented unique information on baboon kinematic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- SANDOR CSEH
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354
| | - PHILIP J. CHAN
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354
- Loma Linda University Center for Fertility and IVF, 11370 Anderson Street, Suite 3950, Loma Linda, California 92354
| | - JOHANNAH CORSELLI
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354
| | - LEONARD L. BAILEY
- Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354
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Smithwick EB, Young LG, Gould KG. Duration of spermatogenesis and relative frequency of each stage in the seminiferous epithelial cycle of the chimpanzee. Tissue Cell 1996; 28:357-66. [PMID: 8701437 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(96)80022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the duration of 1 spermatogenic cycle, a single pulse of tritiated thymidine was infused into a branch of the spermatic artery in each of 3 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Samples were recovered surgically prior to infusion, at 1 h, and at 3, 8, 14, 16, 17, 28, 30, 33, 40, 44, and 48 days postinfusion. Tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution, dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5 micrometers, and stained. Pre-infusion samples were used in morphometric studies to estimate the percentage frequency of area occupied by each of the 6 cellular associations (stages I-VI) characteristic of chimpanzee spermatogenesis, and thus, to estimate the days duration of each stage. To estimate the duration of 1 spermatogenic cycle, pre- and post-infusion, tissue sections were coated with undiluted Kodak NTB2 liquid autoradiographic emulsion and incubated at 4 +/- 1 degree C. At optimum exposure times, slides were processed with Kodak D-19 and Fixer; light microscopic analyses were conducted to determine the most mature labeled cell in stage III for each of the sample times. The duration of the 6 stages (I-VI) are 4.2, 2.0, 4.3, 1.5, 1.3 and 0.6 days, respectively, and the duration of 1 spermatogenic cycle is approximately 14 days. Thus, the duration of spermatogenesis from the Ap spermatogonium to mature Sd2 spermatid is approximately 62.5 +/- 1.5 days or 4.46 spermatogenic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Smithwick
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
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19
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Smithwick EB, Young LG. Germ cell maturation and cellular associations in the seminiferous epithelial cycle of the chimpanzee. Tissue Cell 1996; 28:137-48. [PMID: 8650668 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(96)80002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Seminiferous tubule architecture, germ cell maturation steps and cellular associations (stages) of the spermatogenic cycle of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) are resolved. Cross sections of seminiferous tubules usually exhibit 2 to 4 stages, occasionally 1, and rarely 5; stages are not functionally sequential in structurally contiguous regions. The cellular maturation steps are: dark type A stem cell (Ad), pale type A (Ap), type B(B) spermatogonia; resting or preleptotene (P1), leptotene (L), zygotene (Z), pachytene (P), diplotene (Di) primary spermatocytes; meiotic divisions (M1, M2); secondary spermatocytes (2 degrees S); six developmental stages of the spermatid (Sa, Sb1, Sb2, Sc, Sd1, Sd2) composing spermiogenesis. The germ cell maturation steps characteristic of the six cellular associations (stages I-VI) are: Ad, Ap, B, P, Sa, Sd1 (I); Ad, Ap, B, PI, P, Sa, Sd2 (II); Ad, Ap, B, PI, L, P, Sb1 (III); Ad, Ap, PI, L, P, Sb2 (IV); Ad, Ap, L, Z, P, Di, Sc (V); Ad, Ap, B, Z, P, Di, 2 degrees S, Sc (VI). Surgical pressure trauma causes sloughing of some 2 degrees S spermatocytes and some Sa, Sb1, Sb2, Sd1, and Sd2 spermatids, resulting in missing generations, and disrupts Sertoli cell attachments, affecting germ cell development and associations. In structure and function, chimpanzee spermatogenesis appears most similar to the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Smithwick
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Gould KG, Young LG. Functional parameters of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) sperm from ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina. Am J Primatol 1996; 39:115-122. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)39:2<115::aid-ajp3>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1995] [Accepted: 11/29/1995] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Young LG, Smithwick EB, Gould KG. Characteristics of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina. Am J Primatol 1995; 35:293-304. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350350405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/1994] [Revised: 08/29/1994] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Thomson JA, Iliff-Sizemore SA, Gliessman PM, Wolf DP. Collection and fertilization potential of sperm from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Am J Primatol 1992; 28:289-297. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350280407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1991] [Revised: 07/04/1992] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Schaffer N, McCarthy T, Fazleabas A, Jeyendran R. Assessment of semen quality in a baboon (
Papio anubis
) breeding colony. J Med Primatol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1992.tb00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.E. Schaffer
- Lincoln Park Zoo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPrentice Women's HospitalNorthwestern University Medical SchoolChicagoIL60611USA
| | - T.J. McCarthy
- Biological Resources LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois
| | - A.T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois
| | - R.S. Jeyendran
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPrentice Women's HospitalNorthwestern University Medical SchoolChicagoIL60611USA
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24
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Sarason R, VandeVoort C, Mader D, Overstreet J. The use of nonmetal electrodes in electroejaculation of restrained but unanesthetized macaques. J Med Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1991.tb00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.L. Sarason
- California Primate Research CenterUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - C.A. VandeVoort
- California Primate Research CenterUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - D.R. Mader
- California Primate Research CenterUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - J.W. Overstreet
- Division of Reproductive Biology and MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
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25
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Schaffer N, Jeyendran RS, Beehler B. Improved sperm collection from the lowland gorilla: Recovery of sperm from bladder and urethra following electroejaculation. Am J Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350240312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G. Gould
- Yerkes Regional Primate Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
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27
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Perkash I, Martin DE, Warner H, Speck V. Electroejaculation in spinal cord injury patients: simplified new equipment and technique. J Urol 1990; 143:305-7. [PMID: 2299721 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new simplified electrostimulation system for rectal probe electroejaculation has been developed and tested 17 times in 13 patients. Seminal emissions were obtained easily from 13 of 17 studies and partial emissions were obtained in 4. Patients with cauda equina and conus lesions with partial intact sensorium also could achieve successful ejaculation by longer stimulation from 2 to 5 minutes with lower currents that could be maintained easily and were tolerated by the patient--a feature unique to our new computerized equipment. The simplicity of operation reduces the number of trained personnel for an electrostimulation procedure, which can be done even in an outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Perkash
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
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28
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Durrant BS. Semen Collection, Evaluation, and Cryopreservation in Exotic Animal Species: Maximizing Reproductive Potential. ILAR J 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar.32.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Huntress SL, Loskutoff NM, Raphael BL, Yee B, Bowsher TR, Putman JM, Kraemer DC. Pronucleus formation following in vitro fertilization of oocytes recovered from a gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with unilateral endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Am J Primatol 1989; 18:259-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350180310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/1989] [Accepted: 05/09/1989] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Schaffer N, Cranfield M, Meehan T, Kempske S. Semen collection and analysis in the conservation of endangered nonhuman primates. Zoo Biol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Gould KG, Mann DR. Comparison of Electrostimulation Methods for Semen Recovery in the Rhesus Monkey (
Macaca mulatto
). J Med Primatol 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1988.tb00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G. Gould
- Yerkes Regional Primate Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
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32
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Zaneveld LJ, Burns JW, Beyler S, Depel W, Shapiro S. Development of a potentially reversible vas deferens occlusion device and evaluation in primates. Fertil Steril 1988; 49:527-33. [PMID: 3342906 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A vas deferens occlusion device has been developed and tested in primates. The device consists of two silicone plugs held together by a nylon suture. Implantation of each plug is readily accomplished by making two small puncture holes in the vas deferens and inserting one plug into the lumen toward the epididymis and the other plug toward the seminal vesicles. Implantation is aided by a metal stylus inserted in each plug to give the plug rigidity. The stylus is removed after insertion of the plug into the vas deferens. Two separate primate experiments showed that the device completely prevents sperm transport over a 7-month period. Upon device removal, all of the primates ejaculated spermatozoa again at normal concentrations and motility. These results indicate the potential contraceptive use of the device and encourage its validation in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Zaneveld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612-3864
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33
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Ozasa H, Gould KG. Induction of follicular growth in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): enhanced recovery of mature ova for fertilization in vitro. ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY 1987; 240:101-5. [PMID: 3566354 DOI: 10.1007/bf02134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the rate of recovery of mature ova over those previously reported, we evaluated a new hormonal regimen for induction of follicular growth in the squirrel monkey. This regimen, which consisted of 50 IU pregnant mare's serum (PMS) per day for 4 days followed by 50 IU PMS and 250 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the 5th day, gave an average yield of 2.3 mature ova per animal from 14 experiments involving 11 animals. Ova were recovered through laparotomy or laparoscopy 18 h after PMS and hCG. This number reached 3.3 per animal when ova matured in vitro were included. The fertilization rate was significantly higher for ova matured in vivo (44%) than for in vitro-matured ova (7%) (P less than 0.05), showing the importance of recovering mature ova for successful fertilization in vitro. In agreement with previous observations, a seasonal pattern was noted for the response of animals to induction of follicular development, with a reduction in response occurring during a summer period from July to September. Our observations also suggest the occurrence of immunologic problems associated with the use of PMS in the squirrel monkey.
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34
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Bornman MS, du Plessis DJ, Coetzee WJ, Franz RC. Penile hypercoagulability during erection: a possible predisposing factor to ageing penile vascular changes. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1986; 58:198-202. [PMID: 3697636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1986.tb09026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemostatic changes in the penile and systemic blood during erection were studied in the Chacma baboon. Dynamic hypercoagulability developed in the penile blood and fibrin was deposited on the endothelium of the penile artery and trabeculae during erection. These suggest that penile hypercoagulability predisposes to ageing penile vascular changes.
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Abstract
The effect of erection on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in penile blood during electrically evoked erection was studied in the chacma baboon. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha remained at a low concentration, but thromboxane B2 showed a statistically significant rise 8-10 minutes after commencement of erection. Elevated thromboxane B2 during erection may potentiate platelet aggregation and may be one of the key events in the pathogenesis of ageing impotence.
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36
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37
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Cranz C, Ishak B, Brun B, Rumpler Y. Study of morphological and cytological parameters indicating oestrus inLemur fulvus mayottensis. Zoo Biol 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Perkash I, Martin DE, Warner H. Reproductive problems of paraplegics and the present status of electroejaculation. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TRAUMA : JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PARALYSIS ASSOCIATION 1986; 3:13-23. [PMID: 3488130 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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39
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Vickery BH, Burns J, Zaneveld LJ, Goodpasture JC, Bergström K. Orally administered ketoconazole rapidly appears in seminal plasma and suppresses sperm motility. ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF CONTRACEPTION 1985; 1:341-53. [PMID: 3842225 DOI: 10.1007/bf01849310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ketoconazole has been shown to exert spermatostatic effects in vitro on ejaculated dog, monkey, and human spermatozoa. Oral administration of the compound to adult male beagle dogs (50-246 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (85-100 mg/kg) was associated with a decline in motility of sperm in ejaculates obtained after dosing. In dogs the decline in sperm motility was correlated with the presence of ketoconazole in the seminal plasma, although the measured concentrations of ketoconazole were no more than one tenth that needed for in vitro activity. The serum levels of testosterone in the dogs receiving oral ketoconazole were profoundly suppressed but the extreme rapidity of onset of the ex vivo effect on sperm motility, which was noted within 4 hours of dosing, makes it unlikely that testosterone withdrawal plays more than a minor role in the spermatostasis. The results in animals invite further pursuit of this novel, rapid onset, reversible, single dose use of spermatostatic agents for their potential as male contraceptives.
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40
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Gould KG, Martin DE, Warner H. Improved method for artificial insemination in the great apes. Am J Primatol 1985; 8:61-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/1984] [Revised: 09/07/1984] [Accepted: 09/07/1984] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Clavert A, Montagnon D, Cranz C, Rumpler Y. Soluble seminal fluid proteins from various animal species. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1985; 14:177-9. [PMID: 4062413 DOI: 10.3109/01485018508988295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
When soluble seminal proteins from different animal species are studied by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, important differences can be observed. These differences may be related to the type of coitus and the storage and migration of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Seminal fluid can play a role in spermatozoal maturation by affecting the distribution of the surface charge of spermatozoal membranes.
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42
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Martin DE, Warner H, Crenshaw TL, Crenshaw RT, Shapiro CE, Perkash I. Initiation of erection and semen release by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE). J Urol 1983; 129:637-42. [PMID: 6834568 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Instrumentation and methodology are described for rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) in human males to elicit erection and allow semen collection. This system virtually eliminates shock hazard; the simultaneous monitoring of current, voltage and impedance ensures reliability and repeatability. It was tested with 8 neurologically intact subjects, and 12 paraplegic patients with lesions between T4 and L2. Platinum electrodes delivered current (density never exceeding 0.37 mA per mm. at the electrode) at frequencies of 60 Hz, 20 Hz, and 0.25 Hz. Erection was elicited repeatably in only 1 of the intact subjects, and no seminal emissions or ejaculations occurred. Discomfort prevented current delivery beyond levels even 50 per cent of those safely acceptable. Six of 10 paraplegic patients (2 others had penile implants) developed erections with 20 Hz; the other 2 frequencies were much less effective. The extent of RPE-induced penile tumescence varied directly with electrode surface area and applied current intensity. Discomfort was minimal. Retrograde seminal emission in 5 of the 12 paraplegics was verified by post-stimulation recovery of sperm via voiding or bladder irrigation via catheter. Although motility was very low, 4 of 8 recovered bladder-urine/seminal fluid specimens indicated sperm counts and morphology consonant with use in artificial insemination. Thus, RPE, if combined with techniques to allow antegrade semen collection, may be a useful technique for spinal cord-injured men who, as part of their sexual rehabilitation, are interested in siring children.
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43
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Bader H. Electroejaculation in chimpanzees and gorillas and artificial insemination in chimpanzees. Zoo Biol 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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45
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Abstract
Surface components of ejaculated chimpanzee sperm were radiolabeled by enzymatic iodination with lactoperoxidase and Na125I. The sperm were lysed and the labeled components analyzed on SDS-7.5% polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis of solubilized radioactivity resolved four components with approximate molecular weights of 72,000, 49,000, 25,000 and 17,000 daltons. To identify components, which might be adsorbed to the chimpanzee sperm surface from seminal secretions, seminal plasma was labeled. Electrophoresis of labeled seminal plasma resolved three components with approximate molecular weights of 63,000, 26,000, and 17,000 daltons, two of which comigrated with a labeled sperm surface component.
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46
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Gould KG, Kling OR. Fertility in the male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): Relationship to semen parameters and serum hormones. Am J Primatol 1982; 2:311-316. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1981] [Accepted: 10/26/1981] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Graham CE. Endocrine control of spermatogenesis in primates. Am J Primatol 1981; 1:157-165. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/1981] [Accepted: 01/23/1981] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Walker-Nasir E, Jeanloz RW, Shalev M. Isolation and identification of spermatozoon-surface glycoproteins from Macaca radiata. Carbohydr Res 1980; 85:C7-9. [PMID: 7417965 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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