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Ahmad D, Linares I, Pietropaoli A, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. Sided Stimulation of Endothelial Cells Modulates Neutrophil Trafficking in an In Vitro Sepsis Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304338. [PMID: 38547536 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While the role of dysregulated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration in septic mediated tissue damage is well documented, strategies to mitigate aberrant transmigration across endothelium have yet to yield viable therapeutics. Recently, microphysiological systems (MPS) have emerged as novel in vitro mimetics that facilitate the development of human models of disease. With this advancement, aspects of endothelial physiology that are difficult to assess with other models can be directly probed. In this study, the role of endothelial cell (EC) apicobasal polarity on leukocyte trafficking response is evaluated with the µSiM-MVM (microphysiological system enabled by a silicon membrane - microvascular mimetic). Here, ECs are stimulated either apically or basally with a cytokine cocktail to model a septic-like challenge before introducing healthy donor PMNs into the device. Basally oriented stimulation generated a stronger PMN transmigratory response versus apical stimulation. Importantly, healthy PMNs are unable to migrate towards a bacterial peptide chemoattractant when ECs are apically stimulated, which mimics the attenuated PMN chemotaxis seen in sepsis. Escalating the apical inflammatory stimulus by a factor of five is necessary to elicit high PMN transmigration levels across endothelium. These results demonstrate that EC apicobasal polarity modulates PMN transmigratory behavior and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Isabelle Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Anthony Pietropaoli
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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2
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Khan IM, Ulrich BJ, Nelson AS, Sehra S, Kansas GS, Kaplan MH. Selectin Dependence of Allergic Skin Inflammation Is Diminished by Maternal Atopy. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:703-710. [PMID: 34433625 PMCID: PMC8638165 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic skin inflammation requires the influx of inflammatory cells into the skin. Extravasation of leukocytes into the skin requires interactions between endothelial selectins and their glycan ligands on the surface of leukocytes. Selectin-ligand formation requires the activity of several glycosyltransferases, including Fut7 In this report, we tested the importance of Fut7 for the development of allergic skin inflammation in the Stat6VT transgenic mouse model. We observed that Fut7 deficiency was protective but did not eliminate disease. Segregation of the data by gender of the parent that transmitted the Stat6VT transgene, but not by gender of the pups, which were analyzed for disease, revealed that the protective effects of Fut7 deficiency were significantly greater when dams were Stat6VT negative. In contrast, in mice from litters of Stat6VT+ dams, Fut7 deficiency resulted in only modest protection. These findings indicate that pups from atopic dams exhibit a greater propensity for allergic disease, similar to observations in humans, and that the effect of maternal atopy is due to enhanced selectin-independent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in their offspring. Together, these results demonstrate that Fut7 deficiency can be protective in a model of atopic dermatitis but that maternal atopy diminishes these protective effects, suggesting alternative pathways for leukocyte recruitment in the absence of Fut7 enzyme activity. These observations have implications for understanding how the environment in utero predisposes for the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Sarita Sehra
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Geoffrey S Kansas
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN;
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
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3
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Ambrozova G, Fidlerova T, Verescakova H, Koudelka A, Rudolph TK, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, Kubala L, Pekarova M. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits vascular endothelial inflammatory responses and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2428-2437. [PMID: 27431604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory-mediated pathological processes in the endothelium arise as a consequence of the dysregulation of vascular homeostasis. Of particular importance are mediators produced by stimulated monocytes/macrophages inducing activation of endothelial cells (ECs). This is manifested by excessive soluble pro-inflammatory mediator production and cell surface adhesion molecule expression. Nitro-fatty acids are endogenous products of metabolic and inflammatory reactions that display immuno-regulatory potential and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory diseases. The purpose of our study was to characterize the effects of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) on inflammatory responses and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in ECs that is a consequence of the altered healing phase of the immune response. METHODS The effect of OA-NO2 on inflammatory responses and EndMT was determined in murine macrophages and murine and human ECs using Western blotting, ELISA, immunostaining, and functional assays. RESULTS OA-NO2 limited the activation of macrophages and ECs by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression through its modulation of STAT, MAPK and NF-κB-regulated signaling. OA-NO2 also decreased transforming growth factor-β-stimulated EndMT and pro-fibrotic phenotype of ECs. These effects are related to the downregulation of Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the pleiotropic effect of OA-NO2 on regulating EC-macrophage interactions during the immune response and suggests a role for OA-NO2 in the regulation of vascular endothelial immune and fibrotic responses arising during chronic inflammation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings propose the OA-NO2 may be useful as a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of cardiovascular disorders associated with dysregulation of the endothelial immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ambrozova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Fidlerova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Verescakova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adolf Koudelka
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanja K Rudolph
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Heart Centre, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Fu XD, Garibaldi S, Gopal S, Polak K, Palla G, Spina S, Mannella P, Genazzani AR, Genazzani AD, Simoncini T. Dydrogesterone exerts endothelial anti-inflammatory actions decreasing expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:44-51. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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5
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Naemi FMA, Ali S, Kirby JA. Antibody-mediated allograft rejection: the emerging role of endothelial cell signalling and transcription factors. Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:96-103. [PMID: 21782944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of antibodies against class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) can cause the development of chronic allograft rejection. Although endothelial cell activation has been identified as a main effector, the mechanisms mediating this process are not fully understood. Exposure of endothelium to antibodies against HLA antigens induces cell activation which promotes rejection. This activation process can be divided into two phases: an early response in which intracellular signalling proteins and transcription factors are activated, and a later change in protein expression and cell function. In this review, antibody-mediated endothelial signalling and the role of transcription factors in organ transplantation will be described with a particular focus on their potential to mediate some of the graft-damaging effects of anti-HLA class I antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah M A Naemi
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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6
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Zhou F. Molecular mechanisms of IFN-gamma to up-regulate MHC class I antigen processing and presentation. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28:239-60. [PMID: 19811323 DOI: 10.1080/08830180902978120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IFN-gamma up-regulates MHC class I expression and antigen processing and presentation on cells, since IFN-gamma can induce multiple gene expressions that are related to MHC class I antigen processing and presentation. MHC class I antigen presentation-associated gene expression is initiated by IRF-1. IRF-1 expression is initiated by phosphorylated STAT1. IFN-gamma binds to IFN receptors, and then activates JAK1/JAK2/STAT1 signal transduction via phosphorylation of JAK and STAT1 in cells. IFN-gamma up-regulates MHC class I antigen presentation via activation of JAK/STAT1 signal transduction pathway. Mechanisms of IFN-gamma to enhance MHC class I antigen processing and presentation were summarized in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Lazzerini G, Turco SD, Basta G, O’Loghlen A, Zampolli A, Caterina RD. Prominent role of NF-κB in the induction of endothelial activation by endogenous nitric oxide inhibition. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Stojanovic T, Wagner AH, Wang S, Kiss E, Rockstroh N, Bedke J, Gröne HJ, Hecker M. STAT-1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibition of acute rejection in mouse heart transplants. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 104:719-29. [PMID: 19352584 PMCID: PMC3085763 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
During acute rejection of cardiac transplants endothelial cell-leukocyte interaction fueled by co-stimulatory molecules like CD40/CD154 may ultimately lead to graft loss. One key player in up-regulating the expression of such pro-inflammatory gene products is the interferon-gamma-dependent transcription factor STAT-1. Hence down-regulating interferon-gamma-stimulated pro-inflammatory gene expression in the graft endothelial cells by employing a decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (dODN) neutralising STAT-1 may protect the graft. To verify this hypothesis, heterotopic mouse heart transplantation was performed in the allogeneic B10.A(2R) to C57BL/6 and syngeneic C57BL/6 to C57BL/6 strain combination without immunosuppression. Graft vessels were pre-treated with STAT-1 dODN, mutant control ODN (10 muM each) or vehicle (Ringer solution). Cellular rejection (vascular and interstitial component) was graded histologically and CD40, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, E-selectin and RANTES expression in the graft monitored by real time PCR 24 h and 9 days post-transplantation. Nine days after transplantation both rejection scores were significantly diminished by 85 and 70%, respectively, in STAT-1 dODN-treated allografts as compared to mutant control ODN-treated allografts. According to immunohistochemistry analysis, this was accompanied by a reduced infiltration of monocyte/macrophages and T cells into the graft myocardium. In addition, pro-inflammatory gene expression was strongly impaired by more than 80% in STAT-1 dODN-treated allografts 24 h post-transplantation but not in mutant control ODN or vehicle-treated allografts. This inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression was no longer detectable 9 days post-transplantation. Single periprocedural treatment with a STAT-1 dODN thus effectively reduces cellular rejection in mouse heart allografts. This effect is associated both with an early decline in pro-inflammatory gene expression and a later drop in mononuclear cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stojanovic
- Department of Heart, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Wagner
- Institute of Physiology und Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kiss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rockstroh
- Institute of Physiology und Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology und Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Rossmann A, Henderson B, Heidecker B, Seiler R, Fraedrich G, Singh M, Parson W, Keller M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Wick G. T-cells from advanced atherosclerotic lesions recognize hHSP60 and have a restricted T-cell receptor repertoire. Exp Gerontol 2007; 43:229-37. [PMID: 18226869 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, chronic-inflammatory disease for which the underlying cause remains unknown. It is also well documented that T-cells are among the first cells to migrate into the arterial intimal vessel layer, but their function there is still unexplained. Clinical and experimental data have provided evidence that atherosclerosis starts as an autoimmune reaction based on humoral and cellular immunity against a phylogenetically highly conserved stress protein, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). In the present study, we phenotypically characterized T-cells from endarterectomized specimens of the carotid artery, and tested their reactivity to human HSP60. In addition, the T-cell receptor repertoire of the T-cell lines was defined by immunoscope analysis. We found a mixed population of CD4(+) and CD8(+) intralesional T-cells, with a slight predominance of CD8(+) cells. IFN-gamma production prevailed over IL-4 production. The T-cell reaction against human HSP60 was significantly increased in intralesional cells compared to peripheral T-cells. The lesion-derived T-cells showed an oligoclonally-restricted repertoire, in contrast to the polyclonal pattern of PBMC. These results clearly show that HSP60 is a major antigenic candidate, and that an oligoclonal T-cell expansion takes place in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossmann
- Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3/4, Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Baker OJ, Camden JM, Rome DE, Seye CI, Weisman GA. P2Y2 nucleotide receptor activation up-regulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [corrected] expression and enhances lymphocyte adherence to a human submandibular gland cell line. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:65-75. [PMID: 17599409 PMCID: PMC2064040 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes salivary and lacrimal gland tissue destruction resulting in impaired secretory function. Although lymphocytic infiltration of salivary epithelium is associated with SS, the mechanisms involved have not been adequately elucidated. Our previous studies have shown that the G protein-coupled P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) is up-regulated in response to damage or stress of salivary gland epithelium, and in salivary glands of the NOD.B10 mouse model of SS-like autoimmune exocrinopathy. Additionally, we have shown that P2Y2R activation up-regulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells leading to the binding of monocytes. The present study demonstrates that activation of the P2Y2R in dispersed cell aggregates from rat submandibular gland (SMG) and in human submandibular gland ductal cells (HSG) up-regulates the expression of VCAM-1. Furthermore, P2Y2R activation mediated the up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression in HSG cells leading to increased adherence of lymphocytic cells. Inhibitors of EGFR phosphorylation and metalloprotease activity abolished P2Y2R-mediated VCAM-1 expression and decreased lymphocyte binding to HSG cells. Moreover, silencing of EGFR expression abolished UTP-induced VCAM-1 up-regulation in HSG cells. These results suggest that P2Y2R activation in salivary gland cells increases the EGFR-dependent expression of VCAM-1 and the binding of lymphocytes, a pathway relevant to inflammation associated with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 540E Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211-0001, USA
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11
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Stojanovic T, Scheele L, Wagner AH, Middel P, Bedke J, Lautenschläger I, Leister I, Panzner S, Hecker M. STAT-1 decoy oligonucleotide improves microcirculation and reduces acute rejection in allogeneic rat small bowel transplants. Gene Ther 2007; 14:883-90. [PMID: 17361215 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During acute rejection leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction fuelled by costimulatory molecules such as the CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyad disrupts microcirculation of the small bowel. Downregulating endothelial CD40 expression by employing a decoy oligonucleotide (dODN) neutralizing the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) may protect the graft. Therefore allogenic small bowel transplantation was performed in the Brown Norway to Lewis rat model. Graft vessels were pretreated with STAT-1 dODN, mutant control ODN (20 microM) or vehicle (n=8). CD40 antisense ODN and scrambled control ODN-treated transplants served as target control (n=3 each). Intravital microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed 7 days later. Functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity and perfusion index in STAT-1 dODN and CD40 antisense ODN-treated transplants were improved whereas stasis index was reduced. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction showed no difference. Histological parameters of rejection, infiltrating CD3-positive cells and apoptotic bodies were also reduced in STAT-1 dODN and CD40 antisense ODN-treated transplants 7 days post-transplantation. CD40 protein abundance was reduced to less than 10% of control in STAT-1 dODN-treated grafts. STAT-1 dODN blockade of CD40 expression improves mucosal perfusion, reduces graft rejection, T-cell infiltration and apoptosis in rat small bowel allografts during acute rejection.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Blotting, Western
- CD40 Antigens/analysis
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Genetic Engineering
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestine, Small/blood supply
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Liposomes/administration & dosage
- Male
- Microcirculation
- Models, Animal
- Mutation
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/analysis
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stojanovic
- Department of Heart, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Göttingen, Germany.
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12
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Simka M. A potential role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of venous leg ulcers. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:639-44. [PMID: 16735095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcer is the most severe expression of chronic venous insufficiency. Venous ulcerations are always associated with venous ambulatory hypertension, but the exact mechanism leading from pathological hemodynamics in venous circulation to the necrotic lesions in the skin still remains undiscovered. It has been shown that tissue injury in venous ulcer patients was induced by leukocytes. However, though infiltrating leukocytes have at their disposal a powerfully cytotoxic arsenal, it has not been discovered which molecular mechanisms may contribute to the skin damage. The search for this hypothetical factor responsible for the development of ulceration should be focused on mechanisms leading to apoptosis of keratinocytes, on pathogenesis of related dermatological pathologies, on other pathologies associated with epithelial lesions, and on mechanisms responsible for the expression of adhesion molecules. A thorough review of the literature, with special regard to cytokines, has revealed that proinflammatory cytokine--interferon-gamma (INFgamma)--could be a pivotal cytokine in the pathogenesis of venous ulceration. This cytokine, however, has not been investigated in venous leg ulcer patients before. INFgamma is a glycoprotein with numerous immunological and antiproliferative activities. The most important message from recent investigations is the fact that INFgamma seems to be the main mediator of keratinocyte apoptosis. INFgamma mediates also leukocyte chemotaxis, and enhances the expression of adhesion molecules involved in the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency. Therapeutic injections of interferons can result in skin necrosis. If it were proven that INFgamma was responsible for the development of venous leg ulcers, this fact would have important clinical consequences. In such a case, anti-INFgamma agent could be used, either in the management of active ulceration, or in the prevention of recurrent ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simka
- Department of Angiology, ul. Wodzislawska 78, 43-200 Pszczyna, Poland.
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13
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Kim CK, Choi GS, Oh SD, Han JB, Kim SK, Ahn HJ, Bae H, Min BI. Electroacupuncture up-regulates natural killer cell activity Identification of genes altering their expressions in electroacupuncture induced up-regulation of natural killer cell activity. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 168:144-53. [PMID: 16154208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As an important cellular component of the innate immune system, NK cells constitute a first line of defense against various infections and malignancies. Previous studies have reported electroacupuncture (EA) modulation of natural killer cell (NK cell) activities. Our study confirmed that EA treatment increases NK cell activity using (51)Cr release assay. Furthermore, in order to better understand the activation mechanism of NK cell by EA, we employed a cDNA microarray technique to elucidate how EA alters gene expressions in the spleen of rats. We screened EA responsive genes using a high-throughput screening and identified 154 genes. Among those genes we selected 4 genes that are known to play a crucial role in NK cell activation and examined their mRNA expressions after EA treatment using RT-PCR. Our data shows that EA treatment increased CD94, PTK and VCAM-1 expressions while decreased PTP and SHP-1. These results imply that EA treatment increase PTK expression, which increases NK cell activity, through induction of CD94 while decreases SHP-1, which inhibits NK cell activity, simultaneously so that it activates NK cell with high efficacy. It seems that increased VCAM-1 expression is due to INF-gamma produced by activated NK cell. Increased production of VCAM-1 is expected to play an important role in binding of NK cell to the target cell. The result of our study may provide key insights in understanding the mechanisms of activation of NK cell induced by EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Keun Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Fuster V, Moreno PR, Fayad ZA, Corti R, Badimon JJ. Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque: part I: evolving concepts. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:937-54. [PMID: 16168274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis is a complex disease in which cholesterol deposition, inflammation, and thrombus formation play a major role. Rupture of high-risk, vulnerable plaques is responsible for coronary thrombosis, the main cause of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. In addition to rupture, plaque erosion may also lead to occlusive thrombosis and acute coronary events. Atherothrombosis can be evaluated according to histologic criteria, most commonly categorized by the American Heart Association (AHA) classification. However, this classification does not include the thin cap fibroatheroma, the most common form of high-risk, vulnerable plaque. Furthermore, the AHA classification does not include plaque erosion. As a result, new classifications have emerged and are reviewed in this article. The disease is asymptomatic during a long period and dramatically changes its course when complicated by thrombosis. This is summarized in five phases, from early lesions to plaque rupture, followed by plaque healing and fibrocalcification. For the early phases, the role of endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein, and proteoglycans are discussed. Furthermore, the innate and adaptive immune response to autoantigens, the Toll-like receptors, and the mechanisms of calcification are carefully analyzed. For the advanced phases, the role of eccentric remodeling, vasa vasorum neovascularization, and mechanisms of plaque rupture are systematically evaluated. In the final thrombosis section, focal and circulating tissue factor associated with apoptotic macrophages and circulatory monocytes is examined, closing the link between inflammation, plaque rupture, and blood thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Fuster
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Schreiner EP, Oberhauser B, Foster CA. Inhibitors of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.13.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Quarcoo D, Weixler S, Groneberg D, Joachim R, Ahrens B, Wagner AH, Hecker M, Hamelmann E. Inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:288-95. [PMID: 15316505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional factors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family play an important role in orchestrating immune reactions. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of STAT-1 in murine allergen-induced sensitization and development of airway inflammation (AI) and airway hyperreactivity (AHR), cardinal features of bronchial asthma. METHODS BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin and challenged with ovalbumin through the airways. Decoy oligonucleotide (ODN) specific for STAT-1 was applied once locally to the airways of sensitized animals before allergen airway challenges. RESULTS Single application of decoy ODN markedly and significantly reduced numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids compared with those seen in sensitized and challenged animals receiving mutant control ODN. Associated with this decrease in eosinophilic AI were significantly reduced levels of IL-5 in BAL fluid, of CD40 expression in peribronchial infiltrates, and of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, respectively. In addition, development of AHR after allergen sensitization and airway challenges was effectively abolished after local STAT-1 decoy ODN treatment. CONCLUSION The data indicate that a decoy ODN neutralizing STAT-1 effectively inhibits allergen-induced AI and AHR, probably by attenuating upregulation of costimulatory and adhesion molecules, and suggest a significant role of STAT-1 in asthma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Quarcoo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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von der Thüsen JH, Kuiper J, van Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL. Interleukins in atherosclerosis: molecular pathways and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rev 2003; 55:133-66. [PMID: 12615956 DOI: 10.1124/pr.55.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins are considered to be key players in the chronic vascular inflammatory response that is typical of atherosclerosis. Thus, the expression of proinflammatory interleukins and their receptors has been demonstrated in atheromatous tissue, and the serum levels of several of these cytokines have been found to be positively correlated with (coronary) arterial disease and its sequelae. In vitro studies have confirmed the involvement of various interleukins in pro-atherogenic processes, such as the up-regulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, the activation of macrophages, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, studies in mice deficient or transgenic for specific interleukins have demonstrated that, whereas some interleukins are indeed intrinsically pro-atherogenic, others may have anti-atherogenic qualities. As the roles of individual interleukins in atherosclerosis are being uncovered, novel anti-atherogenic therapies, aimed at the modulation of interleukin function, are being explored. Several approaches have produced promising results in this respect, including the transfer of anti-inflammatory interleukins and the administration of decoys and antibodies directed against proinflammatory interleukins. The chronic nature of the disease and the generally pleiotropic effects of interleukins, however, will demand high specificity of action and/or effective targeting to prevent the emergence of adverse side effects with such treatments. This may prove to be the real challenge for the development of interleukin-based anti-atherosclerotic therapies, once the mediators and their targets have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H von der Thüsen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Floris S, Ruuls SR, Wierinckx A, van der Pol SMA, Döpp E, van der Meide PH, Dijkstra CD, De Vries HE. Interferon-beta directly influences monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 127:69-79. [PMID: 12044977 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) has beneficial effects on the clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its exact mechanism of action is yet unknown. We here suggest that IFN-beta directly modulates inflammatory events at the level of cerebral endothelium. IFN-beta treatment resulted in a marked reduction of perivascular infiltrates in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the rat model for MS, which was coupled to a major decrease in the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on brain capillaries. In vitro, IFN-beta reduced the mRNA levels and protein expression of adhesion molecules of brain endothelial cell cultures and diminished monocyte transendothelial migration. Monocyte adhesion and subsequent migration was found to be predominantly regulated by VCAM-1. These data indicate that IFN-beta exerts direct antiinflammatory effects on brain endothelial cells thereby contributing to reduced lesion formation as observed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Floris
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dansky HM, Shu P, Donavan M, Montagno J, Nagle DL, Smutko JS, Roy N, Whiteing S, Barrios J, McBride TJ, Smith JD, Duyk G, Breslow JL, Moore KJ. A phenotype-sensitizing Apoe-deficient genetic background reveals novel atherosclerosis predisposition loci in the mouse. Genetics 2002; 160:1599-608. [PMID: 11973313 PMCID: PMC1462047 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/160.4.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic intervention for atherosclerosis has predominantly concentrated on regulating cholesterol levels; however, these therapeutics are not efficacious for all patients, suggesting that other factors are involved. This study was initiated to identify mechanisms that regulate atherosclerosis predisposition in mice other than cholesterol level regulation. To do so we performed quantitative trait locus analysis using two inbred strains that each carry the atherosclerosis phenotype-sensitizing Apoe deficiency and that have been shown to have widely disparate predilection to atherosclerotic lesion formation. One highly significant locus on chromosome 10 (LOD = 7.8) accounted for 19% of the variance in lesion area independent of cholesterol. Two additional suggestive loci were identified on chromosomes 14 (LOD = 3.2) and 19 (LOD = 3.2), each accounting for 7-8% of the lesion variance. In all, five statistically significant and suggestive loci affecting lesion size but not lipoprotein levels were identified. Many of these were recapitulated in an independent confirmatory cross. In summary, two independently performed crosses between C57BL/6 and FVB/N Apoe-deficient mice have revealed several previously unreported atherosclerosis susceptibility loci that are distinct from loci linked to lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayes M Dansky
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Fisiopatología de la enfermedad aterotrombótica coronaria. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0214-9168(02)78871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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