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Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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2
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Zhu Y, Cai G, Lin L, Fu H, Zhang C, Zeng L, Tu C, Yang Z. Age-associated declined function of endothelial progenitor cells and its correlation with plasma IL-18 or IL-23 concentrations in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1351567. [PMID: 38854655 PMCID: PMC11157231 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) persists to be prevalent in the elderly with a dismal prognosis. The capacity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is reduced with aging. Nevertheless, the influence of aging on the functionality of EPCs in STEMI is not fully understood. Method This study enrolled 20 younger STEMI patients and 21 older STEMI patients. We assessed the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Risk (GRACE) scores in two groups. Then, we detected EPC migration, proliferation, adhesion, and plasma interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-23 concentrations in two groups. In addition, we analyzed the interconnection between age, EPC function, plasma IL-18 and IL-23 concentrations, and GRACE or TIMI scores in STEMI patients. Result GRACE and TIMI scores in older STEMI patients were higher than in younger STEMI patients, whereas EPC function declined. GRACE and TIMI scores were found to have an inverse relationship with the EPC function. In older STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of IL-18 and IL-23 increased. Plasma IL-18 and IL-23 concentrations were adversely connected to EPC capacity and positively related to GRACE and TIMI scores. Moreover, age was positively correlated with plasma IL-18 or IL-23 concentrations, as well as GRACE or TIMI scores. However, age was adversely correlated with EPC function. Conclusion In patients with STEMI, aging results in declined EPC function, which may be associated with inflammatory cytokines. The current investigation may offer new perception about mechanism and therapeutic targets of aging STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Zhu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyi Cai
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Lin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongna Fu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Cardiology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sheng N, Xing F, Wang J, Zhang QY, Nie R, Li-Ling J, Duan X, Xie HQ. Recent progress in bone-repair strategies in diabetic conditions. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100835. [PMID: 37928253 PMCID: PMC10623372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration following trauma, tumor resection, infection, or congenital disease is challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It can result in complications affecting multiple systems including the musculoskeletal system. The increased number of diabetes-related fractures poses a great challenge to clinical specialties, particularly orthopedics and dentistry. Various pathological factors underlying DM may directly impair the process of bone regeneration, leading to delayed or even non-union of fractures. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which DM hampers bone regeneration, including immune abnormalities, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, vascular system damage, insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) deficiency, hyperglycemia, and the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Based on published data, it also summarizes bone repair strategies in diabetic conditions, which include immune regulation, inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, promotion of angiogenesis, restoration of stem cell mobilization, and promotion of osteogenic differentiation, in addition to the challenges and future prospects of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Rong Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
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Menghini R, Casagrande V, Rizza S, Federici M. GLP-1RAs and cardiovascular disease: is the endothelium a relevant platform? Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1441-1448. [PMID: 37401947 PMCID: PMC10520195 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia strongly affects endothelial function and activation, which in turn increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among pharmacotherapies aimed at lowering blood glucose levels, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) represent a class of drugs involved in the improvement of the endothelium damage and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. They show antihypertensive and antiatherosclerotic actions due at least in part to direct favorable actions on the coronary vascular endothelium, such as oxidative stress reduction and nitric oxide increase. However, cumulative peripheral indirect actions could also contribute to the antiatherosclerotic functions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists, including metabolism and gut microbiome regulation. Therefore, further research is necessary to clarify the specific role of this drug class in the management of cardiovascular disease and to identify specific cellular targets involved in the protective signal transduction. In the present review, we provide an overview of the effects of GLP-1RAs treatment on cardiovascular disease with particular attention on potential molecular mechanisms involving endothelium function on formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Li A, Yan J, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Tian S, Khan AH, Zhu Y, Wu A, Zhang C, Tian XL. Vascular Aging: Assessment and Intervention. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1373-1395. [PMID: 37609042 PMCID: PMC10441648 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s423373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging represents a collection of structural and functional changes in a blood vessel with advancing age, including increased stiffness, vascular wall remodeling, loss of angiogenic ability, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction. These age-related alterations may occur earlier in those who are at risk for or have cardiovascular diseases, therefore, are defined as early or premature vascular aging. Vascular aging contributes independently to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs). Thus, early diagnosis and interventions targeting vascular aging are of paramount importance in the delay or prevention of CCVDs. Here, we review the direct assessment of vascular aging by examining parameters that reflect changes in structure, function, or their compliance with age including arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arterial stiffness as well as indirect assessment through pathological studies of biomarkers including endothelial progenitor cell, lymphocytic telomeres, advanced glycation end-products, and C-reactive protein. Further, we evaluate how different types of interventions including lifestyle mediation, such as caloric restriction and salt intake, and treatments for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia affect age-related vascular changes. As a single parameter or intervention targets only a certain vascular physiological change, it is recommended to use multiple parameters to evaluate and design intervention approaches accordingly to prevent systemic vascular aging in clinical practices or population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shane Tian
- Department of Biochemistry/Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abdul Haseeb Khan
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhu
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andong Wu
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
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Ben Fraj S, Naserian S, Lorenzini B, Goulinet S, Mauduit P, Uzan G, Haouas H. Human Umbilical Cord Blood Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Control Important Endothelial Cell Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9866. [PMID: 37373015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a pivotal role in the repair of diseases in which angiogenesis is required. Although they are a potentially valuable cell therapy tool, their clinical use remains limited due to suboptimal storage conditions and, especially, long-term immune rejection. EPC-derived extracellular vesicles (EPC-EVs) may be an alternative to EPCs given their key role in cell-cell communication and expression of the same parental markers. Here, we investigated the regenerative effects of umbilical cord blood (CB) EPC-EVs on CB-EPCs in vitro. After amplification, EPCs were cultured in a medium containing an EVs-depleted serum (EV-free medium). Then, EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium with tangential flow filtration (TFF). The regenerative effects of EVs on cells were investigated by analyzing cell migration, wound healing, and tube formation. We also analyzed their effects on endothelial cell inflammation and Nitric Oxide (NO) production. We showed that adding different doses of EPC-EVs on EPCs does not alter the basal expression of the endothelial cell markers nor change their proliferative potential and NO production level. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EPC-EVs, when used at a higher dose than the physiological dose, create a mild inflammatory condition that activates EPCs and boosts their regenerative features. Our results reveal for the first time that EPC-EVs, when used at a high dose, enhance EPC regenerative functions without altering their endothelial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssen Ben Fraj
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunis 1080, Tunisia
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
- LR18ES40, Inflammation, Environment and Signalization Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, 94100 Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | | | - Sylvie Goulinet
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Mauduit
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Houda Haouas
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunis 1080, Tunisia
- LR18ES40, Inflammation, Environment and Signalization Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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7
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Dhindsa DS, Desai SR, Jin Q, Sandesara PB, Mehta A, Liu C, Tahhan AS, Nayak A, Ejaz K, Hooda A, Moazzami K, Islam SJ, Rogers SC, Almuwaqqat Z, Mokhtari A, Hesaroieh I, Ko YA, Sperling LS, Waller EK, Quyyumi AA. Circulating progenitor cells and outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2023; 373:7-16. [PMID: 36460208 PMCID: PMC9840693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low quantities of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), specifically CD34+ populations, reflect impairment of intrinsic regenerative capacity. This study investigates the relationship between subsets of CPCs and adverse outcomes. METHODS 1366 individuals undergoing angiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled into the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank. Flow cytometry identified CPCs as CD45med blood mononuclear cells expressing the CD34 epitope, with further enumeration of hematopoietic CPCs as CD133+/CXCR4+ cells and endothelial CPCs as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2+) cells. Adjusted Cox or Fine and Gray's sub-distribution hazard regression models analyzed the relationship between CPCs and 1) all-cause death and 2) a composite of cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Over a median 3.1-year follow-up period (IQR 1.3-4.9), there were 221 (16.6%) all-cause deaths and 172 (12.9%) cardiovascular deaths/MIs. Hematopoietic CPCs were highly correlated, and the CD34+/CXCR4+ subset was the best independent predictor. Lower counts (≤median) of CD34+/CXCR4+ and CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells independently predicted all-cause mortality (HR 1.46 [95% CI 1.06-2.01], p = 0.02 and 1.59 [95% CI 1.15-2.18], p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death/MI (HR 1.50 [95% CI 1.04-2.17], p = 0.03 and 1.47 [95% CI 1.01-2.03], p = 0.04). A combination of low CD34+/CXCR4+ and CD34+/VEGFR2+ CPCs predicted all-cause death (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4-3.0; p = 0.0002) and cardiovascular death/MI (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.2; p = 0.002) compared to those with both lineages above the cut-offs. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of hematopoietic and endothelial CPCs indicate diminished endogenous regenerative capacity and independently correlate with greater mortality and cardiovascular risk in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder S Dhindsa
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivang R Desai
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qingchun Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pratik B Sandesara
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chang Liu
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ayman S Tahhan
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aditi Nayak
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kiran Ejaz
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ananya Hooda
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kasra Moazzami
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shabatun J Islam
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven C Rogers
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zakaria Almuwaqqat
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ali Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Iraj Hesaroieh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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8
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Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Frailty. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032139. [PMID: 36768461 PMCID: PMC9916666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a clinical condition closely related to aging which is characterized by a multidimensional decline in biological reserves, a failure of physiological mechanisms and vulnerability to minor stressors. Chronic inflammation, the impairment of endothelial function, age-related endocrine system modifications and immunosenescence are important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of frailty. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are considered important contributors of the endothelium homeostasis and turn-over. In the elderly, EPCs are impaired in terms of function, number and survival. In addition, the modification of EPCs' level and function has been widely demonstrated in atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are the most common age-related diseases. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the role of EPCs in frailty. Initially, we describe the endothelial dysfunction in frailty, the response of EPCs to the endothelial dysfunction associated with frailty and, finally, interventions which may restore the EPCs expression and function in frail people.
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Liraglutide Improves the Angiogenic Capability of EPC and Promotes Ischemic Angiogenesis in Mice under Diabetic Conditions through an Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233821. [PMID: 36497087 PMCID: PMC9736458 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions results in dysregulation of vascular homeostasis and dysfunction of the endothelium under diabetic conditions. Improving EPC function has been considered as a promising strategy for ameliorating diabetic vascular complications. Liraglutide has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. However, the effects and mechanisms of liraglutide on EPC dysfunction remain unclear. The capability of liraglutide in promoting blood perfusion and angiogenesis under diabetic conditions was evaluated in the hind limb ischemia model of diabetic mice. The effect of liraglutide on the angiogenic function of EPC was evaluated by cell scratch recovery assay, tube formation assay, and nitric oxide production. RNA sequencing was performed to assess the underlying mechanisms. Liraglutide enhanced blood perfusion and angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb of db/db mice and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, liraglutide improved tube formation, cell migration, and nitric oxide production of high glucose (HG)-treated EPC. Assessment of liraglutide target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in antioxidant activity. Further mechanism study showed that liraglutide decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 deficiency attenuated the beneficial effects of liraglutide on improving EPC function and promoting ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions. Moreover, liraglutide activates Nrf2 through an AKT/GSK3β/Fyn pathway, and inhibiting this pathway abolished liraglutide-induced Nrf2 activation and EPC function improvement. Overall, these results suggest that Liraglutide represents therapeutic potential in promoting EPC function and ameliorating ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions, and these beneficial effects relied on Nrf2 activation.
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Ebrahimi-Nozari T, Imani R, Haghbin-Nazarpak M, Nouri A. Multimodal effects of asymmetric coating of coronary stents by electrospinning and electrophoretic deposition. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122437. [PMID: 36435505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are drug-coated vascular implants that inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and limit in-stent re-stenosis. However, traditional DESs release a single drug into the blood and cannot cope with complex mechanisms in atherosclerosis and body responses. The present study aimed to develop a novel multimodal stent by fabricating asymmetric coating with electrophoretic deposition and electrospinning. Herein, we use heparin-loaded alginate (Hep/Alg) and atorvastatin calcium-loaded polyurethane (AtvCa/PU) coatings on the stent luminal and abluminal surfaces, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the alginate coatings had uniformity and thin thickness. Meanwhile, the PU fibers were formed without beads, with an acceptable diameter and suitable mechanical properties. PU nanofiber revealed minimal degradation in a 1-month study. The release of AtvCa and Hep continued for 8 days without a significant initial burst release. None of the stent coatings were cytotoxic or hemolytic, and PU nanofibers supported the survival of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) with high adhesion and flattened morphologies. The results indicate that electrophoretic deposition and electrospinning have significant potential for achieving asymmetric coating on stents and a promising approach for dual drug release for multimodal effects in vascular stent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahoura Ebrahimi-Nozari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Haghbin-Nazarpak
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nouri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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11
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Potential contribution of early endothelial progenitor cell (eEPC)-to-macrophage switching in the development of pulmonary plexogenic lesion. Respir Res 2022; 23:290. [PMID: 36274148 PMCID: PMC9590182 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plexiform lesions, which have a dynamic appearance in structure and cellular composition, are the histological hallmark of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans. The pathogenesis of the lesion development remains largely unknown, although it may be related to local inflammation and dysfunction in early progenitor endothelial cells (eEPCs). We tested the hypothesis that eEPCs contribute to the development of plexiform lesions by differentiating into macrophages in the setting of chronic inflammation. Methods The eEPC markers CD133 and VEGFR-2, macrophage lineage marker mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1), TNFα and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in plexiform lesions in a broiler model were determined by immunohistochemistry. eEPCs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to TNFα, and macrophage differentiation and angiogenic capacity of the cells were evaluated by phagocytotic and Matrigel plug assays, respectively. The role of Nrf2 in eEPC-to-macrophage transition as well as in MRC1 expression was also evaluated. Intratracheal installation of TNFα was conducted to determine the effect of local inflammation on the formation of plexiform lesions. Results Cells composed of the early lesions have a typical eEPC phenotype whereas those in more mature lesions display molecular and morphological characteristics of macrophages. Increased TNFα production in plexiform lesions was observed with lesion progression. In vitro studies showed that chronic TNFα challenge directed eEPCs to macrophage differentiation accompanied by hyperactivation of Nrf2, a stress-responsive transcription factor. Nrf2 activation (Keap1 knockdown) caused a marked downregulation in CD133 but upregulation in MRC1 mRNA. Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Nrf2 binds to the promoter of MRC1 to trigger its expression. In good agreement with the in vitro observation, TNFα exposure induced macrophage differentiation of eEPCs in Matrigel plugs, resulting in reduced neovascularization of the plugs. Intratracheal installation of TNFα resulted in a significant increase in plexiform lesion density. Conclusions This work provides evidence suggesting that macrophage differentiation of eEPCs resulting from chronic inflammatory stimulation contributes to the development of plexiform lesions. Given the key role of Nrf2 in the phenotypic switching of eEPCs to macrophages, targeting this molecular might be beneficial for intervention of plexiform lesions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02210-7.
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12
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Douglass M, Garren M, Devine R, Mondal A, Handa H. Bio-inspired hemocompatible surface modifications for biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 130:100997. [PMID: 36660552 PMCID: PMC9844968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
When blood first encounters the artificial surface of a medical device, a complex series of biochemical reactions is triggered, potentially resulting in clinical complications such as embolism/occlusion, inflammation, or device failure. Preventing thrombus formation on the surface of blood-contacting devices is crucial for maintaining device functionality and patient safety. As the number of patients reliant on blood-contacting devices continues to grow, minimizing the risk associated with these devices is vital towards lowering healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. The current standard clinical practice primarily requires the systemic administration of anticoagulants such as heparin, which can result in serious complications such as post-operative bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Due to these complications, the administration of antithrombotic agents remains one of the leading causes of clinical drug-related deaths. To reduce the side effects spurred by systemic anticoagulation, researchers have been inspired by the hemocompatibility exhibited by natural phenomena, and thus have begun developing medical-grade surfaces which aim to exhibit total hemocompatibility via biomimicry. This review paper aims to address different bio-inspired surface modifications that increase hemocompatibility, discuss the limitations of each method, and explore the future direction for hemocompatible surface research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Tian Y, Seeto WJ, Páez-Arias MA, Hahn MS, Lipke EA. Endothelial colony forming cell rolling and adhesion supported by peptide-grafted hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:74-85. [PMID: 36031035 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of peptides and peptide combinations to support circulating endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) rolling and adhesion under shear flow, informing biomaterial design in moving toward rapid cardiovascular device endothelialization. ECFCs have high proliferative capability and can differentiate into endothelial cells, making them a promising cell source for endothelialization. Both single peptides and peptide combinations designed to target integrins α4β1 and α5β1 were coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels, and their performance was evaluated by monitoring velocity patterns during the ECFC rolling process, in addition to firm adhesion (capture). Tether percentage and velocity fluctuation, a parameter newly defined here, were found to be valuable in assessing cell rolling velocity patterns and when used in combination were able to predict cell capture. REDV-containing peptides binding integrin α4β1 have been previously shown to reduce ECFC rolling velocity but not to support firm adhesion. This study finds that the performance of REDV-containing peptides in facilitating ECFC dynamic adhesion and capture can be improved by combination with α5β1 integrin-binding peptides, which support ECFC static adhesion. Moreover, when similar in length, the peptide combinations may have synergistic effects in capturing ECFCs. With matching lengths, the peptide combinations including CRRETAWAC(cyclic)+REDV, P_RGDS+KSSP_REDV, and P_RGDS+P_REDV showed high values in both tether percentage and velocity fluctuation and improvement in ECFC capture compared to the single peptides at the shear rate of 20 s-1. These newly identified peptide combinations have the potential to be used as vascular device coatings to recruit ECFCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Restoration of functional endothelium following placement of stents and vascular grafts is critical for maintaining long-term patency. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) circulating in blood flow are a valuable cell source for rapid endothelialization. Here we identify and test novel peptides and peptide combinations that can potentially be used as coatings for vascular devices to support rolling and capture of ECFCs from flow. In addition to the widely used assessment of final ECFC adhesion, we also recorded the rolling process to quantitatively evaluate the interaction between ECFCs and the peptides, obtaining detailed performance of the peptides and gaining insight into effective capture molecule design. Peptide combinations targeting both integrin α4β1 and integrin α5β1 showed the highest percentages of ECFC capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wen J Seeto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mayra A Páez-Arias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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14
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Identification of protective biologic factors in patients with high cardiovascular risk, but normal coronary arteries (NormCorn). Coron Artery Dis 2022; 33:540-546. [PMID: 35866511 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have an important role in repair following vascular injury. Telomere length has been shown to be correlated with genome stability and overall cell health. We hypothesized that both EPCs and telomere size are related to protective mechanisms against coronary artery disease. Our aim was to evaluate the level and function of circulating EPCs and telomere length in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and anatomically normal coronary arteries vs. matched controls. METHODS We included 24 patients, with coronary CTA demonstrating normal coronaries and a high risk of CAD of >10% by ASCVD risk estimator. Control groups included 17 patients with similar cardiovascular profiles but with established CAD and a group of 20 healthy volunteers. Circulating EPCs levels were assessed by flow cytometry for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, CD34 and CD133. The capacity of the cells to form colony forming units (CFUs) was quantified after 1 week of culture. Telomere length was determined by the southern blotting technique. RESULTS Patients with high risk for CVD and normal coronaries had augmented EPCs function, compared with the CAD group (1.1 vs. 0.22 CFU/f; P = 0.04) and longer telomeres compared with the CAD group (10.7 kb vs. 2.8 kb P = 0.015). These patients displayed a similar profile to the healthy group. CONCLUSION Patients with a high risk for CAD, but normal coronary arteries have EPCs function and telomere length which resemble healthy volunteers, and augmented compared with patients with established CAD, which could serve as a protective mechanism against atherosclerosis development in these high-risk patients.
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15
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Hong IS. Enhancing Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Potential by Combining Various Bioengineering Technologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901661. [PMID: 35865629 PMCID: PMC9294278 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics have gained tremendous attention in recent years due to their wide range of applications in various degenerative diseases, injuries, and other health-related conditions. Therapeutically effective bone marrow stem cells, cord blood- or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and more recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely reported in many preclinical and clinical studies with some promising results. However, these stem cell-only transplantation strategies are hindered by the harsh microenvironment, limited cell viability, and poor retention of transplanted cells at the sites of injury. In fact, a number of studies have reported that less than 5% of the transplanted cells are retained at the site of injury on the first day after transplantation, suggesting extremely low (<1%) viability of transplanted cells. In this context, 3D porous or fibrous national polymers (collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan)-based scaffold with appropriate mechanical features and biocompatibility can be used to overcome various limitations of stem cell-only transplantation by supporting their adhesion, survival, proliferation, and differentiation as well as providing elegant 3-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironment. Therefore, stem cell-based tissue engineering using natural or synthetic biomimetics provides novel clinical and therapeutic opportunities for a number of degenerative diseases or tissue injury. Here, we summarized recent studies involving various types of stem cell-based tissue-engineering strategies for different degenerative diseases. We also reviewed recent studies for preclinical and clinical use of stem cell-based scaffolds and various optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Sun Hong,
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16
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Heinisch PP, Bello C, Emmert MY, Carrel T, Dreßen M, Hörer J, Winkler B, Luedi MM. Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Pathologies: A Narrative Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101678. [PMID: 35626716 PMCID: PMC9139418 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may influence the integrity and stability of the vascular endothelium. The association of an altered total EPC number and function with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors (CVF) was discussed; however, their role and applicability as biomarkers for clinical purposes have not yet been defined. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms in CVD. The assessment of endothelial dysfunction in vivo remains a major challenge, especially for a clinical evaluation of the need for therapeutic interventions or for primary prevention of CVD. One of the main challenges is the heterogeneity of this particular cell population. Endothelial cells (EC) can become senescent, and the majority of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) show evidence of apoptosis or necrosis. There are a few viable CECs that have properties similar to those of an endothelial progenitor cell. To use EPC levels as a biomarker for vascular function and cumulative cardiovascular risk, a correct definition of their phenotype, as well as an update on the clinical application and practicability of current isolation methods, are an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Philipp Heinisch
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Corina Bello
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thierry Carrel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Winkler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, 1130 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Markus M. Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (M.M.L.)
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Chruściel P, Stemplewska P, Stemplewski A, Wattad M, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Maciejewski M, Penson P, Bartlomiejczyk MA, Banach M. Associations between the lipid profile and the development of hypertension in young individuals - the preliminary study. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:25-35. [PMID: 35154522 PMCID: PMC8826797 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is the leading direct cause of death in the world and one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated blood pressure (BP) often coexists with lipid disorders and is an additional factor that increases CV risk. Nowadays, we are able to distinguish low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) subfractions. Except LDL also HDL small subfractions can increase the risk of CV events. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between changes of lipoprotein subfractions and the risk of hypertension development. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2-year long study 200 volunteers with normal blood pressure at the age of 19-32 years were included. Each volunteer underwent detailed medical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram was taken at rest, echocardiogram, lipid subfraction assessment (using Lipoprint®) and two 24-hour BP measurements. RESULTS Mean total cholesterol concentration was 189 mg/dl (4.89 mmol/l), with mean LDL concentration of 107 mg/dl (2.77 mmol/l), HDL of 63 mg/dl (1.63 mmo/l), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of 40 mg/dl (1.04 mmol/l) and triglycerides (TG) of 89 mg/dl (1.00 mmol/l). Subfractions LDL 1-3 were most abundant, LDL 4-5 making up a marginal portion and LDL 6-7 were not observed. Whereas, subfractions HDL 4-6 were most abundant, in lower concentration was present HDL 1-3 and HDL 8-10. We showed that increased systolic blood pressure coreclated significantly with HDL cholesterol concentrations (p = 0.0078), HDL intermediate subgractions (p = 0.0451), with HDL-3 subfraction (p = 0.0229), and intermediate density lipoprotein-A (IDL-A) (p = 0.038). A significant correlation between increased diastolic blood pressure and HDL lipoprotein levels (p = 0.0454) was only observed. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results indicating correlation between total HDL levels and HDL-3 subfraction concentration (for systolic BP) and the tendency to develop hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chruściel
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Stemplewska
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Stemplewski
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Mohamad Wattad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Bielecka-Dąbrowa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Maciejewski
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcin A. Bartlomiejczyk
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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18
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Yu H, Hua Y, He Y, Wang Y, Hu X, Chen S, Liu J, Yang J, Li H. Sustained Release of MiR-217 Inhibitor by Nanoparticles Facilitates MSC-Mediated Attenuation of Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739107. [PMID: 34708092 PMCID: PMC8542691 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven capable of differentiating into endothelial cells (ECs) and increasing vascular density in mouse ischemia models. However, the therapeutic potential of MSCs in neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is still not fully understood. In this study, we proposed that sustained release of miR-217 inhibitor encapsulated by nanoparticles in MSCs can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs on alleviating neointimal hyperplasia in a standard mouse wire injury model. We intravenously administered MSCs to mice with injured arteries and examined neointimal proliferation, endothelial differentiation and senescence. We demonstrated that MSCs localized to the luminal surface of the injured artery within 24 h after injection and subsequently differentiated into endothelial cells, inhibited neointimal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of MSCs with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NP) encapsulating an miR-217 agomir abolished endothelial differentiation as well as the therapeutic effect of MSCs. On the contrary, silencing of endogenous miR-217 improved the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Our study provides a new strategy of augmenting the therapeutic potency of MSCs in treatment of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutao Hua
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yecheng He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjian Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Huadong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Wang R, Jiang L, Xu Q, Guo X. Endothelial repair by stem and progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:133-146. [PMID: 34743936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial barrier is required to maintain vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulatory system and surrounding tissues and to prevent the development of vascular disease. However, the origin of the newly developed endothelial cells is still controversial. Stem and progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cell lines and stimulate vascular regeneration in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. The one source of new endothelial cells was believed to come from the bone marrow, which was challenged by the recent findings. By administration of new techniques, including genetic cell lineage tracing and single cell RNA sequencing, more solid data were obtained that support the concept of stem/progenitor cells for regenerating damaged endothelium. Specifically, it was found that tissue resident endothelial progenitors located in the vessel wall were crucial for endothelial repair. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in stem and progenitor cell research in endothelial regeneration through findings from animal models and discussed clinical data to indicate the future direction of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Recent advances in cardiovascular stent for treatment of in-stent restenosis: Mechanisms and strategies. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Xia LZ, Tao J, Chen YJ, Liang LL, Luo GF, Cai ZM, Wang Z. Factors Affecting the Re-Endothelialization of Endothelial Progenitor Cell. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1009-1025. [PMID: 34061680 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium, which plays an essential role in maintaining the normal shape and function of blood vessels, is a natural barrier between the circulating blood and the vascular wall tissue. The endothelial damage can cause vascular lesions, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. After the vascular intima injury, the body starts the endothelial repair (re-endothelialization) to inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia. Endothelial progenitor cell is the precursor of endothelial cells and plays an important role in the vascular re-endothelialization. However, re-endothelialization is inevitably affected in vivo and in vitro by factors, which can be divided into two types, namely, promotion and inhibition, and act on different links of the vascular re-endothelialization. This article reviews these factors and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhen Xia
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ling-Li Liang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gui-Fang Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ze-Min Cai
- Pediatrics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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22
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Application of genetic cell-lineage tracing technology to study cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:57-68. [PMID: 33745891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes that threaten people's life. To investigate cells that are involved in disease development and tissue repair, various technologies have been introduced. Among these technologies, lineage tracing is a powerful tool to track the fate of cells in vivo, providing deep insights into cellular behavior and plasticity. In cardiac diseases, newly formed cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells are found from proliferation of local cells, while fibroblasts and macrophages are originated from diverse cell sources. Similarly, in response to vascular injury, various sources of cells including media smooth muscle cells, endothelium, resident progenitors and bone marrow cells are involved in lesion formation and/or vessel regeneration. In summary, current review summarizes the development of lineage tracing techniques and their utilizations in investigating roles of different cell types in cardiovascular diseases.
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Yu D, Liao JK. Emerging views of statin pleiotropy and cholesterol lowering. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:413-423. [PMID: 33533892 PMCID: PMC8803071 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past four decades, no class of drugs has had more impact on cardiovascular health than the HMC-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins. Developed as potent lipid-lowering agents, statins were later shown to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients who are at risk for cardiovascular disease. However, retrospective analyses of some of these clinical trials have uncovered some aspects of their clinical benefits that may be additional to their lipid-lowering effects. Such "pleiotropic" effects of statins garnered intense interest and debate over its contribution to cardiovascular risk reduction. This review will provide a brief background of statin pleiotropy, assess the available clinical evidence for and against their non-lipid-lowering benefits, and propose future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Yu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Care, ThedaCare Regional Medical Center, Appleton, WI, USA
| | - James K Liao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nouri Barkestani M, Shamdani S, Afshar Bakshloo M, Arouche N, Bambai B, Uzan G, Naserian S. TNFα priming through its interaction with TNFR2 enhances endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect: new hope for their widespread clinical application. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:1. [PMID: 33397378 PMCID: PMC7784277 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells (ECs) involved in neo-angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis and are considered as a circulating reservoir for endothelial repair. Many studies showed that EPCs from patients with cardiovascular pathologies are impaired and insufficient; hence, allogenic sources of EPCs from adult or cord blood are considered as good choices for cell therapy applications. However, allogenic condition increases the chance of immune rejection, especially by T cells, before exerting the desired regenerative functions. TNFα is one of the main mediators of EPC activation that recognizes two distinct receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. We have recently reported that human EPCs are immunosuppressive and this effect was TNFα-TNFR2 dependent. Here, we aimed to investigate if an adequate TNFα pre-conditioning could increase TNFR2 expression and prime EPCs towards more immunoregulatory functions. Methods EPCs were pre-treated with several doses of TNFα to find the proper dose to up-regulate TNFR2 while keeping the TNFR1 expression stable. Then, co-cultures of human EPCs and human T cells were performed to assess whether TNFα priming would increase EPC immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effect. Results Treating EPCs with 1 ng/ml TNFα significantly up-regulated TNFR2 expression without unrestrained increase of TNFR1 and other endothelial injury markers. Moreover, TNFα priming through its interaction with TNFR2 remarkably enhanced EPC immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Conversely, blocking TNFR2 using anti-TNFR2 mAb followed by 1 ng/ml of TNFα treatment led to the TNFα-TNFR1 interaction and polarized EPCs towards pro-inflammatory and immunogenic functions. Conclusions We report for the first time the crucial impact of inflammation notably the TNFα-TNFR signaling pathway on EPC immunological function. Our work unveils the pro-inflammatory role of the TNFα-TNFR1 axis and, inversely the anti-inflammatory implication of the TNFα-TNFR2 axis in EPC immunoregulatory functions. Priming EPCs with 1 ng/ml of TNFα prior to their administration could boost them toward a more immunosuppressive phenotype. This could potentially lead to EPCs’ longer presence in vivo after their allogenic administration resulting in their better contribution to angiogenesis and vascular regeneration. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nouri Barkestani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shamdani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | | | - Nassim Arouche
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Bijan Bambai
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. .,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France.
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25
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Wang XF, Li ML, Fang QQ, Zhao WY, Lou D, Hu YY, Chen J, Wang XZ, Tan WQ. Flexible electrical stimulation device with Chitosan-Vaseline® dressing accelerates wound healing in diabetes. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:230-243. [PMID: 32913931 PMCID: PMC7451868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing process of diabetic wounds is typically disordered and prolonged and requires both angiogenesis and epithelialization. Disruptions of the endogenous electric fields (EFs) may lead to disordered cell migration. Electrical stimulation (ES) that mimics endogenous EFs is a promising method in treating diabetic wounds; however, a microenvironment that facilitates cell migration and a convenient means that can be used to apply ES are also required. Chitosan-Vaseline® gauze (CVG) has been identified to facilitate wound healing; it also promotes moisture retention and immune regulation and has antibacterial activity. For this study, we created a wound dressing using CVG together with a flexible ES device and further evaluated its potential as a treatment for diabetic wounds. We found that high voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC) promoted healing of diabetic wounds in vivo. In studies carried out in vitro, we found that HVMPC promoted the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by activating PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Overall, we determined that the flexible ES-chitosan dressing may promoted healing of diabetic wounds by accelerating angiogenesis, enhancing epithelialization, and inhibiting scar formation. These findings provide support for the ongoing development of this multidisciplinary product for the care and treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dong Lou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Statins in Lung Vascular Pathology: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:33-56. [PMID: 33788186 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (or statins) are cholesterol-lowering drugs and are among the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects that extend beyond cholesterol reduction including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Over the last 20 years, statins have been studied and examined in pulmonary vascular disorders, including both chronic pulmonary vascular disease such as pulmonary hypertension, and acute pulmonary vascular endothelial injury such as acute lung injury. In both research and clinical settings, statins have demonstrated promising vascular protection through modulation of the endothelium, attenuation of vascular leak, and promotion of endothelial repair following lung inflammation. This chapter provides a summary of the rapidly changing literature, summarizes the anti-inflammatory mechanism of statins on pulmonary vascular disorders, and explores clinical evidence for statins as a potential therapeutic approach to modulation of the endothelium as well as a means to broaden our understanding of pulmonary vasculopathy pathophysiology.
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Alzoughool F, Al-Zghoul MB, Al-Nassan S, Alanagreh L, Mufleh D, Atoum M. The optimal therapeutic irisin dose intervention in animal model: A systematic review. Vet World 2020; 13:2191-2196. [PMID: 33281355 PMCID: PMC7704295 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2191-2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Irisin, a novel myocyte-secreted hormone, was proposed to mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise such as browning of adipocytes, thermogenesis, and metabolic homeostasis. Recently, several animals’ models’ studies have been performed to investigate the therapeutic impact of irisin in several disorders. Several interventional trials used different doses. However, optimum dose was not determined. This systematic review aims to identify the optimal dose of interventional irisin in mice and rat animal models. Materials and Methods: Online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer were systematically searched from 2012 to 2019. The words searched were irisin, irisin and animal model, physical activity, and irisin and irisin dosage. Non-irisin doses, in vitro studies, and factors influencing irisin levels were excluded. Results: Eleven of the total 391 qualifying studies were included. A daily injection of 500 μg/kg irisin may be the optimum dose of effect in mice and rats. Conclusion: More studies are required to determine the optimum dose of irisin to be used as a therapeutic intervention based on animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Alzoughool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saad Al-Nassan
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lo'ai Alanagreh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dana Mufleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Manar Atoum
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Mechanisms of Endothelial Regeneration and Vascular Repair and Their Application to Regenerative Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:52-65. [PMID: 33069720 PMCID: PMC7560161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier integrity is required for maintaining vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulation and surrounding tissues and for preventing the development of vascular disease. Despite comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate endothelial injury, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are incompletely understood and constitute an emerging area of research. Endogenous and exogenous reparative mechanisms serve to reverse vascular damage and restore endothelial barrier function through regeneration of a functional endothelium and re-engagement of endothelial junctions. In this review, mechanisms that contribute to endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are described. Targeting these mechanisms has the potential to improve outcome in diseases that are characterized by vascular injury, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, peripheral vascular disease, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Future studies to further improve current understanding of the mechanisms that control endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are also highlighted.
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Zhao J, Feng Y. Surface Engineering of Cardiovascular Devices for Improved Hemocompatibility and Rapid Endothelialization. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000920. [PMID: 32833323 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular devices have been widely applied in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, poor hemocompatibility and slow endothelialization on their surface still exist. Numerous surface engineering strategies have mainly sought to modify the device surface through physical, chemical, and biological approaches to improve surface hemocompatibility and endothelialization. The alteration of physical characteristics and pattern topographies brings some hopeful outcomes and plays a notable role in this respect. The chemical and biological approaches can provide potential signs of success in the endothelialization of vascular device surfaces. They usually involve therapeutic drugs, specific peptides, adhesive proteins, antibodies, growth factors and nitric oxide (NO) donors. The gene engineering can enhance the proliferation, growth, and migration of vascular cells, thus boosting the endothelialization. In this review, the surface engineering strategies are highlighted and summarized to improve hemocompatibility and rapid endothelialization on the cardiovascular devices. The potential outlook is also briefly discussed to help guide endothelialization strategies and inspire further innovations. It is hoped that this review can assist with the surface engineering of cardiovascular devices and promote future advancements in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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An atorvastatin calcium and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) core-shell nanofiber-covered stent to treat aneurysms and promote reendothelialization. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:102-117. [PMID: 32442783 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a common complication caused by an intracranial aneurysm that can lead to hemorrhagic stroke, brain damage, and death. Knowing this clinical situation, the purpose of this study was to develop a controlled-release stent covered with a core-shell nanofiber mesh, fabricated by emulsion electrospinning, for the treatment of aneurysms. By encapsulating atorvastatin calcium (AtvCa) in the inner of poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers, the release period of AtvCa was effectively extended. The morphology and inner structure of the core-shell nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The release of AtvCa from the nanofiber system continued for more than ten weeks without a significant initial burst release. The nanofiber mesh structure degraded gradually but maintained its fiber morphology before neovascularization. The results of this study further elucidated the reendothelialization mechanism of AtvCa by analyzing the nitric oxide (NO) expression from seeded HUVECs. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the PLCL-AtvCa covered stents were capable of separating the aneurysm dome from the blood circulation, leading to the abolishment of the aneurysm. Moreover, the AtvCa controlled release promoted the in vitro proliferation of HUVECs on the nanofiber meshes, and the PLCL-AtvCa covered stents induced in vivo neovascularization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracranial aneurysms are pathological dilatations of blood vessels that have developed an abnormally weak wall structure, thus prone to rupture. Covered stents had been demonstrated to be a method for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm. We prepared a controlled-release stent covered with a core-shell nanofiber mesh, fabricated by emulsion electrospinning, which encapsulated atorvastatin calcium in the inner portion of nanofibers. The results of this study further elucidated the reendothelialization mechanism of AtvCa by analyzing the nitric oxide (NO) expression from seeded HUVECs. The generated AtvCa-load covered stents separated the aneurysm dome from the blood circulation, and keep long-term patency of the parent artery. But also induced neovascularization, thus provide further protection against recurrence of aneurysms after nanofiber meshes degradation.
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Naserian S, Abdelgawad ME, Afshar Bakshloo M, Ha G, Arouche N, Cohen JL, Salomon BL, Uzan G. The TNF/TNFR2 signaling pathway is a key regulatory factor in endothelial progenitor cell immunosuppressive effect. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:94. [PMID: 32546175 PMCID: PMC7298859 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are non-differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) present in blood circulation that are involved in neo-vascularization and correction of damaged endothelial sites. Since EPCs from patients with vascular disorders are impaired and inefficient, allogenic sources from adult or cord blood are considered as good alternatives. However, due to the reaction of immune system against allogenic cells which usually lead to their elimination, we focused on the exact role of EPCs on immune cells, particularly, T cells which are the most important cells applied in immune rejection. TNFα is one of the main activators of EPCs that recognizes two distinct receptors. TNFR1 is expressed ubiquitously and its interaction with TNFα leads to differentiation and apoptosis, whereas, TNFR2 is expressed predominantly on ECs, immune cells and neural cells and is involved in cell survival and proliferation. Interestingly, it has been shown that different immunosuppressive cells express TNFR2 and this is directly related to their immunosuppressive efficiency. However, little is known about immunological profile and function of TNFR2 in EPCs. Methods Using different in-vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of ECs and T cells to investigate the immunological effect of EPCs on T cells. We interrupted in the TNFα/TNFR2 axis either by blocking the receptor using TNFR2 antagonist or blocking the ligand using T cells derived from TNFα KO mice. Results We demonstrated that EPCs are able to suppress T cell proliferation and modulate them towards less pro-inflammatory and active phenotypes. Moreover, we showed that TNFα/TNFR2 immune-checkpoint pathway is critical in EPC immunomodulatory effect. Conclusions Our results reveal for the first time a mechanism that EPCs use to suppress immune cells, therefore, enabling them to form new immunosuppressive vessels. Furthermore, we have shown the importance of TNFα/TNFR2 axis in EPCs as an immune checkpoint pathway. We believe that targeting TNFR2 is especially crucial in cancer immune therapy since it controls two crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment: 1) Immunosuppression and 2) Angiogenesis. Video Abstract. (MP4 46355 kb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France. .,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Biochemistry Division, Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Guillaume Ha
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Nassim Arouche
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Centre d'investigation clinique biothérapie, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Benoît L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
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Effect of resveratrol combined with atorvastatin on re-endothelialization after drug-eluting stents implantation and the underlying mechanism. Life Sci 2020; 245:117349. [PMID: 31981632 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore whether the combination of atorvastatins and resveratrol is superior to each individual drug alone regarding re-endothelialization after drug-eluting stents (DESs) implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four rabbits were randomized into control, atorvastatin, resveratrol, and combined medication groups. Abdominal aorta injury was induced via ballooning, followed by DES implantation. Neointimal formation and re-endothelialization after stent implantation were assessed via optical coherence tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of resveratrol and atorvastatin on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal derived stem cells (BMSCs) were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the findings in the resveratrol and atorvastatin groups, the neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were greater in the combined medication group, which also exhibited improved re-endothelialization. Compared with the effects of monotherapy, combined treatment further protected BMSCs against rapamycin-induced apoptosis and improved cell migration. Combined medication significantly upregulated Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, and CXCR4 expression in BMSCs compared with the effects of monotherapy, and these effects were abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of atorvastatin and resveratrol has the potential of accelerating re-endothelialization after stent implantation, reducing the risk of thrombosis and improving the safety of DESs.
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Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Alirocumab in Healthy Volunteers or Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Using a Michaelis-Menten Approximation of a Target-Mediated Drug Disposition Model-Support for a Biologics License Application Submission: Part I. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:101-113. [PMID: 29725996 PMCID: PMC6325993 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Alirocumab, a human monoclonal antibody, inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; pharmacokinetics (PK) are governed by non-linear, target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD). Objectives We aimed to develop and qualify a population PK (PopPK) model to characterize the PK profile of alirocumab, evaluate the impact of covariates on alirocumab PK and on individual patient exposures, and estimate individual predicted concentrations for a subsequent PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis. Methods Data from 13 phase I–III trials of 2799 healthy volunteers or patients with hypercholesterolemia treated with intravenous or subcutaneous alirocumab (13,717 alirocumab concentrations) were included; a Michaelis–Menten approximation of the TMDD model was used to estimate PK parameters and exposures. The final model comprised two compartments with first-order absorption. Elimination from the central compartment was described by linear (CLL) and non-linear Michaelis–Menten clearance (Vm and Km). The model was validated using visual predictive check and bootstrap methods. Patient exposures to alirocumab were computed using individual PK parameters. Results The PopPK model was well-qualified, with the majority of observed alirocumab concentrations in the 2.5th–97.5th predicted percentiles. Covariates responsible for interindividual variability were identified. Body weight and concomitant statin administration impacted CLL, whereas time-varying free PCSK9 concentrations and age affected Km and peripheral distribution volume (V3), respectively. No covariates were clinically meaningful, therefore no dose adjustments were needed. Conclusions The model explained the between-subject variability, quantified the impact of covariates, and, finally, predicted alirocumab concentrations (subsequently used in a PopPK/PD model, see Part II) and individual exposures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40262-018-0669-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Libertini G, Corbi G, Cellurale M, Ferrara N. Age-Related Dysfunctions: Evidence and Relationship with Some Risk Factors and Protective Drugs. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 84:1442-1450. [PMID: 31870248 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The theories interpreting senescence as a phenomenon favored by natural selection require the existence of specific, genetically determined and regulated mechanisms that cause a progressive age-related increase in mortality. The mechanisms defined in the subtelomere-telomere theory suggest that progressive slackening of cell turnover and decline in cellular functions are determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system, which causes a progressive "atrophic syndrome" in all organs and tissues. If the mechanisms underlying aging-related dysfunctions are similar and having the same origin, it could be hypothesized that equal interventions could produce similar effects. This article reviews the consequences of some factors (diabetes, obesity/dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, moderate use and abuse of alcohol) and classes of drugs [statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, sartans] in accelerating and anticipating or in counteracting the process of aging. The evidence is compatible with the programmed aging paradigm and the mechanisms defined by the subtelomere-telomere theory but it has no obvious discriminating value against the theories of non-programmed aging paradigm. However, the existence of mechanisms, determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system and causing a progressive age-related decline in fitness through gradual cell senescence and cell senescence, is not justifiable without an evolutionary motivation. Their existence is expected by the programmed aging paradigm, while is incompatible with the opposite paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Libertini
- Independent researcher, member of the Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology, Italy.
| | - G Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, and Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
| | - M Cellurale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - N Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, SpA SB, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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Lv J, Liu W, Shi G, Zhu F, He X, Zhu Z, Chen H. Human cardiac extracellular matrix-chitosan-gelatin composite scaffold and its endothelialization. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1225-1234. [PMID: 32010293 PMCID: PMC6966153 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study developed a cardiac extracellular matrix-chitosan-gelatin (cECM-CG) composite scaffold that can be used as a tissue-engineered heart patch and investigated its endothelialization potential by incorporating CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The cECM-CG composite scaffold was prepared by blending cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) with biodegradable chitosan-gelatin (CG). The mixture was lyophilized using vacuum freeze-drying. CD34+ EPCs were isolated and seeded on the scaffolds, and then the endothelialization effect was subsequently investigated. Effects of the scaffolds on CD34+ EPCs survival and proliferation were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and MTT assay. Cell differentiation into endothelial cells and the influence of the scaffolds on cell differentiation were investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence staining and tube formation assay. The present results indicated that most cells were removed after decellularization, but the main extracellular matrix components were retained. Scanning electron microscopy imaging illustrated three-dimensional and porous scaffolds. The present results suggested the cECM-CG composite scaffold had a higher water absorption ability compared with the CG scaffold. Additionally, compared with the CG scaffold, the cECM-CG composite scaffold significantly increased cell survival and proliferation, which suggested its non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Furthermore, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and tube formation assay results indicated that CD34+ EPCs differentiated into endothelial cells, and the cECM-CG composite scaffold promoted this differentiation process. In conclusion, the present results indicated that the human cECM-CG composite scaffold generated in the present study was a highly porous, biodegradable three-dimensional scaffold which supported endothelialization of seeded CD34+ EPCs. The present results suggested that this cECM-CG composite scaffold may be a promising heart patch for use in heart tissue engineering for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lv
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Guocheng Shi
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Sun R, Huang J, Sun B. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in sepsis. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Capturing Endothelial Cells by Coronary Stents - From Histology to Clinical Outcomes. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) in the therapy of patients with coronary artery disease resulted in the significant reduction of in-stent restenosis compared to bare-metal stent (BMS) treatment. However, the high incidence of late stent thrombosis with DES emerged as one of the safety concerns after their implantation. Enhancing stent endothelization by improved early healing and neointimal strut coverage emerged as possible solution for this late complication. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) capturing stents are designed to promote in situ endothelization with immobilized, antihuman, anti-CD34 antibodies attached to the luminal stent surface. Anti-CD34 antibodies target and capture EPC from circulation, which further differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and form functional endothelial layer on the stent surface. These cells are also capable of secreting pro-angiogenic factors that stimulate local endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate. Preclinical and clinical studies proved feasibility, efficacy and safety of EPC capturing stents in stable and high-risk patients with coronary artery disease. Rapid and extensive endothelization of EPC capturing stents translated into favorable profile of clinical outcomes, comparable to efficacy of BMSs and DESs. Therefore, we here present the most important results from the experimental and clinical studies that explored ECP capturing strategy to enhance endothelization, reduce the incidence of instent thrombosis and improve outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease, along with the future perspectives in this promising therapeutic approach.
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Jana S. Endothelialization of cardiovascular devices. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:53-71. [PMID: 31454565 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular devices are not biocompatible for creating an endothelial layer on them. Numerous research studies have mainly sought to modify these surfaces through physical, chemical and biological means to ease early endothelial cell (EC) adhesion, migration and proliferation, and eventually to build an endothelial layer on the surfaces. The first priority for surface modification is inhibition of protein adsorption that leads to inhibition of platelet adhesion to the device surfaces, which may favor EC adhesion. Surface modification through surface texturing, if applicable, can bring some hopeful outcomes in this regard. Surface modifications through chemical and/or biological means may play a significant role in easy endothelialization of cardiovascular devices and inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cellular engineering of cells relevant to endothelialization can boost the positive outcomes obtained through surface engineering. This review briefly summarizes recent developments and research in early endothelialization of cardiovascular devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Endothelialization of cardiovascular implants, including heart valves, vascular stents and vascular grafts is crucial to solve many problems in our health care system. Numerous research efforts have been made to improve endothelialization on the surfaces of cardiovascular implants, mainly through surface modifications in three ways - physically, chemically and biologically. This review is intended to highlight comprehensive research studies to date on surface modifications aiming for early endothelialization on the blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular implants. It also discusses future perspectives to help guide endothelialization strategies and inspire further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Jana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Kaihan AB, Hishida M, Imaizumi T, Okazaki M, Kaihan AN, Katsuno T, Taguchi A, Yasuda Y, Tsuboi N, Kosugi T, Maruyama S. Circulating levels of CD34+ cells predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223390. [PMID: 31584974 PMCID: PMC6777758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34+ cells maintain vascular homeostasis and predict cardiovascular outcomes. We previously evaluated the association of CD34+ cells with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events over 23 months, but long-term CVD outcomes in relation to levels of CD34+ cells in patients on maintenance hemodialysis are unclear. Herein, we analyzed the long-term predictive potential levels of CD34+ cells for CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality. Between March 2005 and May 2005, we enrolled 215 patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital and followed them up to 12.8 years. According to the CD34+ cell counts, patients were classified into the lowest, medium, and highest tertiles. Levels of CD34+ cells were analyzed in association with four-point major adverse CV events (MACEs), CVD death, and all-cause mortality. In univariate analysis age, smoking habit, lower geriatric nutrition risk index, lower calcium × phosphate product, and lower intact parathyroid hormone were significantly associated with the lowest tertile. Whereas, in multivariate analysis, age and smoking habit were significantly associated with the lowest tertile. Among 139 (64.7%) patients who died during a mean follow-up period of 8.0 years, 39 (28.1%) patients died from CVD. Patients in the lowest tertile had a significantly lower survival rate than those in the medium and highest tertiles (p ≤ 0.001). Using multivariable analyses, the lowest tertile was significantly associated with four-point MACEs (hazard ratio 1.80, p = 0.023) and CVD death (hazard ratio 2.50, p = 0.011). In conclusion, our long-term observational study revealed that a low level of CD34+ cells in the circulation predicts CVD outcomes among patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Baseer Kaihan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan
| | - Manabu Hishida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Imaizumi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Okazaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Chavez RD, Walls SL, Cardinal KO. Tissue-engineered blood vessel mimics in complex geometries for intravascular device testing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217709. [PMID: 31242197 PMCID: PMC6594592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Intravascular stents are commonly used to treat occluded arteries during coronary heart disease. After coronary stent implantation, endothelial cells grow over the stent, which is referred to as re-endothelialization. Re-endothelialization prevents blood from clotting on the stent surface and is a good predictor of stent success. Blood vessel mimics (BVMs) are in vitro tissue-engineered models of human blood vessels that may be used to preclinically test stents for re-endothelialization. BVMs have been developed in straight geometries. However, the United States Food and Drug Administration recommends that devices intended to treat coronary occlusions be preclinically tested in bent and bifurcated vessels due to the complex geometries of native coronary arteries. The main objectives of this study were to develop and characterize BVMs in complex geometries. Design Bioreactors were designed and constructed so that BVMs could be cultivated in bent (>45°) and bifurcated geometries. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were sodded onto complex-shaped scaffolds, and the resulting BVMs were characterized for cell deposition. For a final proof of concept, a coronary stent was deployed in a severely angulated BVM. Results The new bioreactors were easy to use and mounting scaffolds in complex geometries in the bioreactors was successful. After sodding scaffolds with cells, there were no statistically significant differences between the cell densities along the length of the BVMs, on the top and bottom halves of the BVMs, or on the inner and outer halves of the BVMs. This suggests cells deposited evenly throughout the scaffolds, resulting in consistent complex-geometry BVMs. Also, a coronary stent was successfully deployed in a severely angulated BVM. Conclusions Bioreactors can be constructed for housing complex-shaped vessels. BVMs can be developed in the complex geometries observed in native coronary arteries with endothelial cells evenly dispersed throughout BVM lumens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dalton Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Sara Leifer Walls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen O’Halloran Cardinal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Statins and aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive patients between controversies and unmet needs: review of the literature and suggestions for a friendly use. AIDS Res Ther 2019; 16:11. [PMID: 31126301 PMCID: PMC6534832 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-019-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in non-infected subjects, statins and aspirin have a pivotal preventive role in reducing the cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients. The persistence of immune activation in these subjects, could contribute to accelerate atherosclerosis, therefore, these treatments that reduce inflammation could provide additional cardiovascular protection. However the current guidelines for the use of these drugs in general population are dissimilar, with important differences between American and European ones. Aim of the present position paper is to provide recommendations aimed to overcome the actual differences and limitations among the current ones and to adapt them to the needs of HIV infected patients. RESULTS We propose to adopt the new ACC/AHA guidelines, simple to use and cost effective, to use the ASCVD score that seems to estimate more accurately the cardiovascular risk among these patients. We suggest to start statin therapy in all patients with a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater. Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin should be preferred. LDL-C target may be adopted. Aspirin should be always associated with a statin, in secondary prevention, while in primary prevention it should be reserved only to patients with ≥ 20% 10-year risk particularly adherent to treatments, and with low risk of bleeding. We suggest to start with a dose of 100 mg/day. Finally, management of antiplatelet agents or novel oral anticoagulants may include selecting antiretrovirals with a lower potential for drug interactions or choosing agents least likely to interact with antiretrovirals. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated in surveys, HIV physicians are generally highly committed regarding CVD and autonomous in prescribing statins and ASA. Consequently, in the light of the previously discussed discrepancies among the different guidelines and of the incomplete indications regarding HIV-positive persons, the present suggestions could overcome the actual differences and limitations among the current ones.
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Higashi Y, Gautam S, Delafontaine P, Sukhanov S. IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 45:6-16. [PMID: 30735831 PMCID: PMC6504961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory arterial pathogenic condition, which leads to ischemic cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder and its pathophysiology is highly complex. Changes in expression of multiple genes coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors initiate cascades of adverse events involving multiple types of cells (e.g. vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). IGF-1 is a pleiotropic factor, which is found in the circulation (endocrine IGF-1) and is also produced locally in arteries (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). IGF-1 exerts a variety of effects on these cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In fact, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that IGF-1 has beneficial effects on the biology of atherosclerosis. This review will discuss recent findings relating to clinical investigations on the relation between IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease and basic research using animal models of atherosclerosis that have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying atheroprotective effects of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Sandeep Gautam
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Tryfonos A, Green DJ, Dawson EA. Effects of Catheterization on Artery Function and Health: When Should Patients Start Exercising Following Their Coronary Intervention? Sports Med 2019; 49:397-416. [PMID: 30719682 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; angioplasty) are commonly used to diagnose and/or treat the obstructed coronaries. Exercise-based rehabilitation is recommended for all CAD patients; however, most guidelines do not specify when exercise training should commence following PTCA and/or PCI. Catheterization can result in arterial dysfunction and acute injury, and given the fact that exercise, particularly at higher intensities, is associated with elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic milieu, performing exercise post-PTCA/PCI may transiently elevate the risk of cardiac events. This review aims to summarize extant literature relating to the impacts of coronary interventions on arterial function, including the time-course of recovery and the potential deleterious and/or beneficial impacts of acute versus long-term exercise. The current literature suggests that arterial dysfunction induced by catheterization recovers 4-12 weeks following catheterization. This review proposes that a period of relative arterial vulnerability may exist and exercise during this period may contribute to elevated event susceptibility. We therefore suggest that CAD patients start an exercise training programme between 2 and 4 weeks post-PCI, recognizing that the literature suggest there is a 'grey area' for functional recovery between 2 and 12 weeks post-catheterization. The timing of exercise onset should take into consideration the individual characteristics of patients (age, severity of disease, comorbidities) and the intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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Otto M, Blatt S, Pabst A, Mandic R, Schwarz J, Neff A, Ziebart T. Influence of buffy coat-derived putative endothelial progenitor cells on tumor growth and neovascularization in oral squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3767-3775. [PMID: 30693401 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this murine in vivo study was to investigate whether buffy coat-derived putative endothelial progenitor cells (BCEPC) alter tumor growth and neovascularization in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine xenograft model using the PCI-13 oral cancer cell line was deployed of which n = 24 animals received 2 × 106 BCEPC by transfusion whereas the control group (n = 24) received NaCl (0.9%) instead. Tumor size, volume, and capillary density were determined by sonography and measurement with a caliper. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out with antibodies specific for Cytokeratins, Flt-4, Podoplanin, and Vimentin. RESULTS In the experimental group, systemic application of BCEPC significantly increased tumor volume to 362.49% (p = 0.0012) and weight to 352.38% (p = 0.0018) as well as vascular densities to 162.15% (p = 0.0021) compared with control tumors. In addition, BCEPC-treated xenografts exhibited higher Cytokeratin expression levels by a factor of 1.47 (p = 0.0417), Podoplanin by a factor of 3.3 (p = 0.0020) and Vimentin by a factor of 2.5 (p = 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical investigations support the notion that BCEPC transfusion influences neovascularization and lymphatic vessel density, thereby possibly promoting tumor progression. Future studies, which will include gene expression analysis, should help to define the possible role of BCEPC during OSCC progression in more detail. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could serve as a target structure for the treatment of OSCC and possibly other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Otto
- Interdisciplinary Head & Neck Oncology Laboratory, Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blatt
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Pabst
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Robert Mandic
- Interdisciplinary Head & Neck Oncology Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schwarz
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Research Group for Bioinformatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neff
- Interdisciplinary Head & Neck Oncology Laboratory, Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Interdisciplinary Head & Neck Oncology Laboratory, Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany.
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Aizik G, Grad E, Golomb G. Monocyte-mediated drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:868-882. [PMID: 29058205 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have been achieved in understanding the mechanisms and risk factors leading to cardiovascular disorders and consequently developing new therapies. A strong inflammatory response occurs with a substantial recruitment of innate immunity cells in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and restenosis. Monocytes and macrophages are key players in the healing process that ensues following injury. In the inflamed arterial wall, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages have specific functions in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, principally through phagocytosis, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will focus on delivery systems, mainly nanoparticles, for modulating circulating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages. We review the different strategies of depletion or modulation of circulating monocytes and monocyte subtypes, using polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes for the therapy of myocardial infarction and restenosis. We will further discuss the strategies of exploiting circulating monocytes for biological targeting of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Aizik
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Etty Grad
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Esquiva G, Grayston A, Rosell A. Revascularization and endothelial progenitor cells in stroke. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C664-C674. [PMID: 30133323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Tremendous improvements have been achieved in the acute care of stroke patients with the implementation of stroke units, thrombolytic drugs, and endovascular trombectomies. However, stroke survivors with neurological deficits require long periods of neurorehabilitation, which is the only approved therapy for poststroke recovery. With this scenario, more treatments are urgently needed, and only the understanding of the mechanisms of brain recovery might contribute to identify new therapeutic agents. Fortunately, brain injury after stroke is counteracted by the birth and migration of several populations of progenitor cells towards the injured areas, where angiogenesis and vascular remodeling play a key role providing trophic support and guidance during neurorepair. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) constitute a pool of circulating bone-marrow derived cells that mobilize after an ischemic injury with the potential to incorporate into the damaged endothelium, to form new vessels, or to secrete trophic factors stimulating vessel remodeling. The circulating levels of EPCs are altered after stroke, and several subpopulations have proved to boost brain neurorepair in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia. The goal of this review is to discuss the current state of the neuroreparative actions of EPCs, focusing on their paracrine signaling mechanisms thorough their secretome and released extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Esquiva
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Alba Grayston
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Losordo
- From the Caladrius Biosciences, Basking Ridge, NJ (D.W.L.); and Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.).
| | - Timothy D Henry
- From the Caladrius Biosciences, Basking Ridge, NJ (D.W.L.); and Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.).
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Target-Mediated Drug Disposition Population Pharmacokinetics Model of Alirocumab in Healthy Volunteers and Patients: Pooled Analysis of Randomized Phase I/II/III Studies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 56:1155-1171. [PMID: 28063030 PMCID: PMC5591810 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition with monoclonal antibodies such as alirocumab significantly reduces low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels ± other lipid-lowering therapies. We aimed to develop and qualify a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) model for alirocumab in healthy subjects and patients, taking into account the mechanistic target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) process. Methods This TMDD model was developed using a subset of the alirocumab clinical trial database, including nine phase I/II/III studies (n = 527); the model was subsequently expanded to a larger data set of 13 studies (n = 2870). Potential model parameters and covariate relationships were explored, and predictive ability was qualified using a visual predictive check. Results The TMDD model was built using the quasi-steady-state approximation. The final TMDD–quasi-steady-state model included a significant relationship between distribution volume of the central compartment and disease state: distribution volume of the central compartment was 1.56-fold higher in patients vs. healthy subjects. Separately, application of the model to the expanded data set revealed a significant relationship between linear clearance and statin co-administration: linear clearance was 1.27-fold higher with statins. The good predictive performance of the TMDD model was assessed based on graphical and numerical quality criteria, together with the visual predictive check and comparison of the predictions to those from a PopPK model with parallel linear and Michaelis–Menten clearances (i.e., simplification of the TMDD PopPK model). Conclusions This mechanistic TMDD PopPK model integrates the interaction of alirocumab with its target and accurately predicts both alirocumab and total proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentrations in healthy subjects and patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0505-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yang JX, Pan YY, Wang XX, Qiu YG, Mao W. Endothelial progenitor cells in age-related vascular remodeling. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:786-795. [PMID: 29882417 PMCID: PMC6047273 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718779345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could facilitate the reendothelialization of injured arteries by replacing the dysfunctional endothelial cells, thereby suppressing the formation of neointima. Meanwhile, other findings suggest that EPCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related vascular remodeling. This review is presented to summarize the characteristics of EPCs and age-related vascular remodeling. In addition, the role of EPCs in age-related vascular remodeling and possible solutions for improving the therapeutic effects of EPCs in the treatment of age-related diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Yang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.,2 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yun Pan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xiang Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Gang Qiu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Mao
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Gao W, Li F, Liu L, Xu X, Zhang B, Wu Y, Yin D, Zhou S, Sun D, Huang Y, Zhang J. Endothelial colony-forming cell-derived exosomes restore blood-brain barrier continuity in mice subjected to traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:99-108. [PMID: 29883579 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) tends to cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous studies have shown that intravenously or intracerebroventricularly infused human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) can home to injury sites and improve outcomes in mice subjected to experimental TBI. Several reports have demonstrated that these cells did not incorporate directly into newly formed vasculature but instead stimulated the proliferation and migration of tissue-resident endothelial cells (ECs) via paracrine mechanisms. In the present study, exosomes, which range from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, were isolated from ECFC-conditioned medium. The exosomes were labeled with PKH67 ex vivo, and we observed that they were taken up by ECs with high efficiency after 12 h of incubation. Pretreatment with ECFC-derived exosomes promoted the migration of ECs subjected to scratch injury, and incubating ECs exposed to hypoxia with ECFC-derived exosomes decreased PTEN expression, stimulated AKT phosphorylation and increased tight junction (TJ) protein expression in the cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of ECFC-derived exosomes into TBI mice also inhibited PTEN expression and increased AKT expression, changes accompanied by reductions in Evans blue (EB) dye extravasation, brain edema and TJ degradation. These data demonstrated that ECFC-derived exosomes have beneficial effects on BBB integrity in mice with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Baoliang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Yingang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Dongpei Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China.
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