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Yang Y, Johnson J, Troupes CD, Feldsott EA, Kraus L, Megill E, Bian Z, Asangwe N, Kino T, Eaton DM, Wang T, Wagner M, Ma L, Bryan C, Wallner M, Kubo H, Berretta RM, Khan M, Wang H, Kishore R, Houser SR, Mohsin S. miR-182/183-Rasa1 axis induced macrophage polarization and redox regulation promotes repair after ischemic cardiac injury. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102909. [PMID: 37801856 PMCID: PMC10570148 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Few therapies have produced significant improvement in cardiac structure and function after ischemic cardiac injury (ICI). Our possible explanation is activation of local inflammatory responses negatively impact the cardiac repair process following ischemic injury. Factors that can alter immune response, including significantly altered cytokine levels in plasma and polarization of macrophages and T cells towards a pro-reparative phenotype in the myocardium post-MI is a valid strategy for reducing infarct size and damage after myocardial injury. Our previous studies showed that cortical bone stem cells (CBSCs) possess reparative effects after ICI. In our current study, we have identified that the beneficial effects of CBSCs appear to be mediated by miRNA in their extracellular vesicles (CBSC-EV). Our studies showed that CBSC-EV treated animals demonstrated reduced scar size, attenuated structural remodeling, and improved cardiac function versus saline treated animals. These effects were linked to the alteration of immune response, with significantly altered cytokine levels in plasma, and polarization of macrophages and T cells towards a pro-reparative phenotype in the myocardium post-MI. Our detailed in vitro studies demonstrated that CBSC-EV are enriched in miR-182/183 that mediates the pro-reparative polarization and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages, including enhanced OXPHOS rate and reduced ROS, via Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) axis under Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. In summary, CBSC-EV deliver unique molecular cargoes, such as enriched miR-182/183, that modulate the immune response after ICI by regulating macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming to enhance repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Eric A Feldsott
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Lindsay Kraus
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Emily Megill
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Zilin Bian
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, NY, United States
| | - Ngefor Asangwe
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Tabito Kino
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Marcus Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Lena Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Bryan
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (CMDR), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (CMDR), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, PA, United States.
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2
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Liu X, Zhan Y, Xu W, Liu L, Liu X, Da J, Zhang K, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu Z, Jin H, Zhang B, Li Y. Characterization of transcriptional landscape in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells treated with aspirin by RNA-seq. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12819. [PMID: 35127290 PMCID: PMC8793730 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin is a common antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug, which has been reported to extend life in animal models and application in the treatment of aging-related diseases. However, it remains unclear about the effects of aspirin on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Here, we aimed to analyze the influence of aspirin on senescence and young BM-MSCs. METHODS BM-MSCs were serially passaged to construct a replicative senescence model. SA-β-gal staining, PCR, western blot, and RNA-sequencing were performed on BM-MSCs with or without aspirin treatment, to examine aspirin's impact on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS SA-β-gal staining, PCR, and western blot revealed that aspirin could alleviate the cellular expression of senescence-related indicators of BM-MSCs, including a decrease of SA-β-gal-positive cells and staining intensity, and downregulation of p16, p21, and p53 expression after aspirin treatment. RNA-sequencing results shown in the biological processes related to aging, aspirin could influence cellular immune response and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION The efficacy of aspirin for retarding senescence of BM-MSCs was demonstrated. Our study indicated that the mechanisms of this delay might involve influencing immune response and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Liu M, López de Juan Abad B, Cheng K. Cardiac fibrosis: Myofibroblast-mediated pathological regulation and drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:504-519. [PMID: 33831476 PMCID: PMC8299409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in heart diseases. After initial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) that are major mediator cells in the pathological remodeling. MyoFbs exhibit proliferative and secretive characteristics, and contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, collagen deposition. The persistent functions of myoFbs lead to fibrotic scars and cardiac dysfunction. The anti-fibrotic treatment is hindered by the elusive mechanism of fibrosis and lack of specific targets on myoFbs. In this review, we will outline the progress of cardiac fibrosis and its contributions to the heart failure. We will also shed light on the role of myoFbs in the regulation of adverse remodeling. The communication between myoFbs and other cells that are involved in the heart injury and repair respectively will be reviewed in detail. Then, recently developed therapeutic strategies to treat fibrosis will be summarized such as i) chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy with an optimal target on myoFbs, ii) direct reprogramming from stem cells to quiescent CFs, iii) "off-target" small molecular drugs. The application of nano/micro technology will be discussed as well, which is involved in the construction of cell-based biomimic platforms and "pleiotropic" drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Liu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Blanca López de Juan Abad
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA.
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Cattelan G, Guerrero Gerbolés A, Foresti R, Pramstaller PP, Rossini A, Miragoli M, Caffarra Malvezzi C. Alginate Formulations: Current Developments in the Race for Hydrogel-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:414. [PMID: 32457887 PMCID: PMC7226066 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), represent the main worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity. In this scenario, to contrast the irreversible damages following MI, cardiac regeneration has emerged as a novel and promising solution for in situ cellular regeneration, preserving cell behavior and tissue cytoarchitecture. Among the huge variety of natural, synthetic, and hybrid compounds used for tissue regeneration, alginate emerged as a good candidate for cellular preservation and delivery, becoming one of the first biomaterial tested in pre-clinical research and clinical trials concerning cardiovascular diseases. Although promising results have been obtained, recellularization and revascularization of the infarcted area present still major limitations. Therefore, the demand is rising for alginate functionalization and its combination with molecules, factors, and drugs capable to boost the regenerative potential of the cardiac tissue. The focus of this review is to elucidate the promising properties of alginate and to highlight its benefits in clinical trials in relation to cardiac regeneration. The definition of hydrogels, the alginate characteristics, and recent biomedical applications are herewith described. Afterward, the review examines in depth the ongoing developments to refine the material relevance in cardiac recovery and regeneration after MI and presents current clinical trials based on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Cattelan
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Amparo Guerrero Gerbolés
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruben Foresti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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5
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Xiao Y, Wang T, Song X, Yang D, Chu Q, Kang YJ. Copper promotion of myocardial regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:911-921. [PMID: 32148090 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220911604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Copper promotes angiogenesis, but the mechanistic insights have not been fully elucidated until recently. In addition, the significance of copper promotion of angiogenesis in myocardial regeneration was increasingly revealed. Copper critically participates in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) of angiogenic gene expression. Interestingly, myocardial ischemia causes copper efflux from the heart, leading to suppression of angiogenesis, although HIF-1α, the critical subunit of HIF-1, remains accumulated in the ischemic myocardium. Strategies targeting copper specific delivery to the ischemic myocardium lead to selective activation of HIF-1-regulated angiogenic gene expression. Vascularization of the ischemic myocardium re-establishes the tissue injury microenvironment, and rebuilds the conduit for communication between the tissue injury signals and the remote regenerative responses including stem cells. This process promotes myocardial regeneration. Thus, a simple and effective copper supplementation to the ischemic myocardium would become a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Song
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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6
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Dergilev KV, Zubkova ЕS, Beloglazova IB, Menshikov МY, Parfyonova ЕV. Notch signal pathway - therapeutic target for regulation of reparative processes in the heart. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:112-121. [PMID: 30701843 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2018.12.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is a universal regulator of cell fate in embryogenesis and in maintaining the cell homeostasis of adult tissue. Through local cell-cell interactions, he controls neighboring cells behavior and determines their capacity for self-renewal, growth, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that the control of regenerative processes in the heart is also carried out with the participation of Notch system. At the heart of Notch regulates migration bone marrow progenitors and stimulates the proliferation of cardiomyocytes, cardiac progenitor cell activity, limits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis progression and stimulates angiogenesis. Notch signaling pathway may be regarded as a very promising target for the development of drugs for the stimulation of regeneration in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Dergilev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е S Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - М Yu Menshikov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е V Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Stamm C, Liebold A, Steinhoff G, Strunk D. Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease: Beginning or End of the Road? Cell Transplant 2017; 15 Suppl 1:S47-56. [PMID: 16826795 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783982313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in emergency treatment, myocardial infarction is often the beginning of a downward spiral leading to congestive heart failure. Other than heart transplantation, current therapeutic means aim at enabling the organism to survive with a heart that is working at a fraction of its original capacity. It is therefore no surprise that cardiac stem cell therapy has raised many hopes. However, neither the ideal source and type of stem cell nor the critical cell number and mode of application have been defined so far. Early reports on myocardial repair by adult bone marrow stem cells from rodent models promoted an unparalleled boost of clinical and experimental cell therapy studies. The phenomenon of stem/progenitor cell-induced angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium has ever since been reproduced by numerous groups in a variety of small and large animal models. Myogenesis, however, is an altogether different matter. Many of the initial clinical studies were fueled by the suggestion that early hematopoietic stem cells have a plasticity high enough to enable cross-lineage differentiation into cells of cardiomyocyte phenotype, but the initial enthusiasm has largely faded. The myogenic potential of stroma cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells is much better documented in animal models, but transfer to the clinical setting faces a variety of obstacles. In clinical pilot trials, we and others have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of administering progenitor cells derived from autologous bone marrow to the myocardium of patients with ischemic heart disease. Clinical efficacy data are still rare, but the few controlled trials that have been completed uniformly show a tendency towards better heart function in cell-treated patients. This review is an attempt to describe the scientific basis for cardiac cell therapy from the point of view of the clinician, focusing on problems that arise with beginning translation into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Germany.
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8
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Therapeutic microparticles functionalized with biomimetic cardiac stem cell membranes and secretome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13724. [PMID: 28045024 PMCID: PMC5512648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy represents a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. However, cells need to be carefully preserved and processed before usage. In addition, cell transplantation carries immunogenicity and/or tumourigenicity risks. Mounting lines of evidence indicate that stem cells exert their beneficial effects mainly through secretion (of regenerative factors) and membrane-based cell–cell interaction with the injured cells. Here, we fabricate a synthetic cell-mimicking microparticle (CMMP) that recapitulates stem cell functions in tissue repair. CMMPs carry similar secreted proteins and membranes as genuine cardiac stem cells do. In a mouse model of myocardial infarction, injection of CMMPs leads to the preservation of viable myocardium and augmentation of cardiac functions similar to cardiac stem cell therapy. CMMPs (derived from human cells) do not stimulate T-cell infiltration in immuno-competent mice. In conclusion, CMMPs act as ‘synthetic stem cells’ which mimic the paracrine and biointerfacing activities of natural stem cells in therapeutic cardiac regeneration.
Stem cells exert their beneficial effects through secretion of regenerative factors. Here, the authors take the membranes and secreted factors from cardiac stem cells and generate a synthetic cell-mimicking microparticle, which, on injection in a mouse model of myocardial infarction, improves cardiac function.
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9
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Jasmin, de Souza GT, Louzada RA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Mendez-Otero R, Campos de Carvalho AC. Tracking stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: perspectives and considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:779-793. [PMID: 28182122 PMCID: PMC5279820 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been used for diagnoses in biomedical applications, due to their unique properties and their apparent safety for humans. In general, SPIONs do not seem to produce cell damage, although their long-term in vivo effects continue to be investigated. The possibility of efficiently labeling cells with these magnetic nanoparticles has stimulated their use to noninvasively track cells by magnetic resonance imaging after transplantation. SPIONs are attracting increasing attention and are one of the preferred methods for cell labeling and tracking in preclinical and clinical studies. For clinical protocol approval of magnetic-labeled cell tracking, it is essential to expand our knowledge of the time course of SPIONs after cell incorporation and transplantation. This review focuses on the recent advances in tracking SPION-labeled stem cells, analyzing the possibilities and limitations of their use, not only focusing on myocardial infarction but also discussing other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin
- NUMPEX-Bio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ
- Correspondence: Jasmin, Estrada de Xerém, 27, NUMPEX-Bio – UFRJ, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25245-390, Brazil, Tel +55 21 2679 1018, Email
| | - Gustavo Torres de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Institute Gustave-Roussy of Oncology, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Institute Carlos Chagas Filho of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jiang G, Herron TJ, Di Bernardo J, Walker KA, O'Shea KS, Kunisaki SM. Human Cardiomyocytes Prior to Birth by Integration-Free Reprogramming of Amniotic Fluid Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1595-1606. [PMID: 27465073 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
: The establishment of an abundant source of autologous cardiac progenitor cells would represent a major advance toward eventual clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies in children with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease. In support of this concept, we sought to examine whether functional, transgene-free human cardiomyocytes (CMs) with potential for patient-specific and autologous applications could be reliably generated following routine amniocentesis. Under institutional review board approval, amniotic fluid specimens (8-10 ml) at 20 weeks gestation were expanded and reprogrammed toward pluripotency using nonintegrating Sendai virus (SeV) expressing OCT4, SOX2, cMYC, and KLF4. Following exposure of these induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiogenic differentiation conditions, spontaneously beating amniotic fluid-derived cardiomyocytes (AF-CMs) were successfully generated with high efficiency. After 6 weeks, quantitative gene expression revealed a mixed population of differentiated atrial, ventricular, and nodal AF-CMs, as demonstrated by upregulation of multiple cardiac markers, including MYH6, MYL7, TNNT2, TTN, and HCN4, which were comparable to levels expressed by neonatal dermal fibroblast-derived CM controls. AF-CMs had a normal karyotype and demonstrated loss of NANOG, OCT4, and the SeV transgene. Functional characterization of SIRPA+ AF-CMs showed a higher spontaneous beat frequency in comparison with dermal fibroblast controls but revealed normal calcium transients and appropriate chronotropic responses after β-adrenergic agonist stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that somatic cells present within human amniotic fluid can be used to generate a highly scalable source of functional, transgene-free, autologous CMs before a child is born. This approach may be ideally suited for patients with prenatally diagnosed cardiac anomalies. SIGNIFICANCE This study presents transgene-free human amniotic fluid-derived cardiomyocytes (AF-CMs) for potential therapy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Using 8-10 ml of amniotic fluid harvested at 20 weeks gestation from normal pregnancies, a mixed population of atrial, ventricular, and nodal AF-CMs were reliably generated after Sendai virus reprogramming toward pluripotency. Functional characterization of purified populations of beating AF-CMs revealed normal calcium transients and appropriate chronotropic responses after β-adrenergic agonist stimulation in comparison with dermal fibroblast controls. Because AF-CMs can be generated in fewer than 16 weeks, this approach may be ideally suited for eventual clinical translation at birth in children with prenatally diagnosed cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie Di Bernardo
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kendal A Walker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - K Sue O'Shea
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaun M Kunisaki
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Tachida Y, Suda K, Nagase H, Shimada K, Isono F, Kobayashi H. Secreted factors from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced cardiomyocyte cell death via furin/PCSK-like enzyme activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:266-272. [PMID: 28955916 PMCID: PMC5613516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a potential novel therapy for currently intractable deteriorating diseases or traumatic injuries, including myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects have not been precisely revealed. Herein, we report that conditioned media (CM) from rat adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) protected adult cardiomyocytes from oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death. We focused on furin/PCSK protease activity in ASC-CM because many therapeutic factors of MSCs and soluble cardioprotective factors include the PCSK cleavage site. We found that recombinant furin protected cardiomyocytes from OGD-induced cell death. The ASC-CM had potent furin/PCSK protease activity and the cardioprotective effect of the CM from ASCs in the OGD-assay was abolished by an inhibitor of the furin/PCSK-like enzyme. Microarray analysis and Western blot analysis showed PCSK5A, the secreted type of PCSK5, is the most abundantly secreted PCSK among 7 PCSK family members in ASC. Finally, knockdown of PCSK5A in ASCs decreased both the furin/PCSK protease activity and cardioprotective activity in the CM. These findings indicate an involvement of furin/PCSK-type protease(s) in the anti-ischemic activity of ASCs, and suggest a new mechanism of the therapeutic effect of MSCs. ASC-CM protects against OGD-induced cell death of adult cardiomyocytes. Furin/PCSK enzyme activity is protective against OGD-induced cell death. PCSK5A is the main component of cardioprotective activity of ASC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tachida
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Suda
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimada
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujio Isono
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Matkar PN, Leong-Poi H, Singh KK. Cardiac gene therapy: are we there yet? Gene Ther 2016; 23:635-48. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cetean S, Căinap C, Constantin AM, Căinap S, Gherman A, Oprean L, Hangan A, Oprean R. The importance of the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in oncology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:468-72. [PMID: 26732055 PMCID: PMC4689238 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, the second CSF, sharing some common effects with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). G-CSF is mainly produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells from bone marrow stroma and by immunocompetent cells (monocytes, macrophages). The receptor for G-CSF (G-CSFR) is part of the cytokine and hematopoietin receptor superfamily and G-CSFR mutations cause severe congenital neutropenia. The main action of G-CSF - G-CSFR linkage is stimulation of the production, mobilization, survival and chemotaxis of neutrophils, but there are many other G-CSF effects: growth and migration of endothelial cells, decrease of norepinephrine reuptake, increase in osteoclastic activity and decrease in osteoblast activity. In oncology, G-CSF is utilized especially for the primary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, but it can be used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it can produce monocytic differentiation of some myeloid leukemias and it can increase some drug resistance. The therapeutic indications of G-CSF are becoming more and more numerous: non neutropenic patients infections, reproductive medicine, neurological disturbances, regeneration therapy after acute myocardial infarction and of skeletal muscle, and hepatitis C therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sînziana Cetean
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Călin Căinap
- Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Căinap
- Department of Infant Care, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Gherman
- Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Oprean
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Hangan
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yang CJ, Yang J, Yang J, Fan ZX. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) engineered mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a promising feasible therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2015; 206:169-70. [PMID: 26527187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
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Oommen S, Yamada S, Cantero Peral S, Campbell KA, Bruinsma ES, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells improve murine ventricular function upon intramyocardial delivery in right ventricular chronic pressure overload. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:50. [PMID: 25890300 PMCID: PMC4416353 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell therapy has emerged as potential therapeutic strategy for damaged heart muscles. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells are the most prevalent stem cell source available, yet have not been fully tested in cardiac regeneration. Herein, studies were performed to evaluate the cardiovascular safety and beneficial effect of mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from human umbilical cord blood upon intramyocardial delivery in a murine model of right ventricle (RV) heart failure due to pressure overload. Methods UCB-derived MNCs were delivered into the myocardium of a diseased RV cardiac model. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) was used to produce pressure overload in athymic nude mice that were then injected intramyocardially with UCB-MNCs (0.4 × 10^6 cells/heart). Cardiac functions were then monitored by telemetry, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic analysis of heart samples to determine the ability for cell-based repair. Results The cardio-toxicity studies provided evidence that UCB cell transplantation has a safe therapeutic window between 0.4 to 0.8 million cells/heart without altering QT or ST-segments or the morphology of electrocardiograph waves. The PAB cohort demonstrated significant changes in RV chamber dilation and functional defects consistent with severe pressure overload. Using cardiac MRI analysis, UCB-MNC transplantation in the setting of PAB demonstrated an improvement in RV structure and function in this surgical mouse model. The RV volume load in PAB-only mice was 24.09 ± 3.9 compared to 11.05 ± 2.09 in the cell group (mm3, P-value <0.005). The analysis of pathogenic gene expression (BNP, ANP, Acta1, Myh7) in the cell-transplanted group showed a significant reversal with respect to the diseased PAB mice with a robust increase in cardiac progenitor gene expression such as GATA4, Kdr, Mef2c and Nkx2.5. Histological analysis indicated significant fibrosis in the RV in response to PAB that was reduced following UCB-MNC’s transplantation along with concomitant increased Ki-67 expression and CD31 positive vessels as a marker of angiogenesis within the myocardium. Conclusions These findings indicate that human UCB-derived MNCs promote an adaptive regenerative response in the right ventricle upon intramyocardial transplantation in the setting of chronic pressure overload heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Oommen
- General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Susana Cantero Peral
- General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Program of Doctorate of Internal Medicine, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Katherine A Campbell
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Bruinsma
- General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Zamilpa R, Navarro MM, Flores I, Griffey S. Stem cell mechanisms during left ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction: Repair and regeneration. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:610-620. [PMID: 25068021 PMCID: PMC4110609 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of events collectively referred to as remodeling. As a result, damaged myocardium is replaced with fibrotic tissue consequently leading to contractile dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. LV remodeling post-MI includes inflammatory, fibrotic, and neovascularization responses that involve regulated cell recruitment and function. Stem cells (SCs) have been transplanted post-MI for treatment of LV remodeling and shown to improve LV function by reduction in scar tissue formation in humans and animal models of MI. The promising results obtained from the application of SCs post-MI have sparked a massive effort to identify the optimal SC for regeneration of cardiomyocytes and the paradigm for clinical applications. Although SC transplantations are generally associated with new tissue formation, SCs also secrete cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that robustly regulate cell behavior in a paracrine fashion during the remodeling process. In this review, the different types of SCs used for cardiomyogenesis, markers of differentiation, paracrine factor secretion, and strategies for cell recruitment and delivery are addressed.
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Duran JM, Taghavi S, George JC. The need for standardized protocols for future clinical trials of cell therapy. Transl Res 2012; 160:399-410. [PMID: 22884677 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple clinical trials have been conducted to determine the outcome of stem cell transplantation on cardiac function. However, marked variability in design across these trials has generated ambiguity in interpretation of their results. This review systematically evaluates the currently available protocols to illustrate the need for a standardized protocol for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Duran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Díez Villanueva P, Sanz-Ruiz R, Núñez García A, Fernández Santos ME, Sánchez PL, Fernández-Avilés F. Functional multipotency of stem cells: what do we need from them in the heart? Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:817364. [PMID: 22966237 PMCID: PMC3433152 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than ten years of human research in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine, application of stem cells in different phases of ischemic heart disease has come to age. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that stem cell therapy can improve cardiac recovery after the acute phase of myocardial ischemia and in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, and several efficacy phase III trials with clinical endpoints are on their way. Nevertheless, a complete knowledge on the mechanisms of action of stem cells still remains elusive. Of the three main mechanisms by which stem cells could exert their benefit, paracrine signaling from the administered cells and stimulation of endogenous repair are nowadays the most plausible ones. However, in this review we will define and discuss the concept of stem cell potency and differentiation, will examine the evidence available, and will depict future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díez Villanueva
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Núñez García
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro L. Sánchez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang G, Lan X, Yen TC, Chen Q, Pei Z, Qin C, Zhang Y. Therapeutic gene expression in transduced mesenchymal stem cells can be monitored using a reporter gene. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1243-50. [PMID: 22796395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We constructed a recombinant adenovirus construct Ad5-sr39tk-IRES-VEGF(165) (Ad5-SIV) that contained a mutant herpes viral thymidine kinase reporter gene (HSV1-sr39tk) and the human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)) gene for noninvasive imaging of gene expression. The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-SIV was transfected into rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and we measured the expression of HSV1-sr39tk and VEGF(165) to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring VEGF(165) expression using reporter gene expression. METHODS The MSCs were infected with Ad5-SIV at various levels of infection (MOI), ranging from 0 to 100 infectious units per cell (IU/cell). The mRNA and protein expression levels of the reporter and therapeutic genes were determined using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA and immunofluorescence. The HSV1-sr39tk expression in the MSCs was also detected in vitro using a cellular uptake study of the reporter probe (131)I-FIAU. Gene expression was also evaluated in vivo by micro-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (micro-PET/CT) imaging 1day after injecting Ad5-SIV-tranfected MSCs into the left foreleg of the rat. The right foreleg was injected with non-transfected MSCs and served as an internal control. RESULTS The real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated a good correlation between the expression levels of HSV1-sr39tk mRNA and VEGF(165) mRNA (R(2)=0.93, P<0.05). The cellular uptake of (131)I-FIAU increased with increasing viral titers (R(2)=0.89; P<0.05), and in the group that received an MOI of 100, a peak value of 30.15%±1.11% was found at 3 hours of incubation. The uptake rates increased rapidly between 30 and 150 minutes and reached a plateau after 150 minutes. The uptake rates of (131)I-FIAU by the Ad5-SIV-infected cells were significantly higher than by the Ad5-EGFP-infected cells for all time points (t=18.43-54.83, P<0.05). Moreover, the rate of VEGF(165) protein secretion was highly correlated with the uptake rate of (131)I-FIAU (R(2)=0.84, P<0.05). The radioactivity on the micro-PET/CT images was significantly higher in the left foreleg (which received the transfected MSCs) compared with the control foreleg. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that radionuclide reporter gene imaging may be used to monitor gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Preoperative mobilization of bone marrow-derived cells followed by revascularization surgery: early and long-term outcome. Int J Artif Organs 2012; 35:67-76. [PMID: 22287202 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease (CAD), along with its main complications such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and congestive heart failure (CHF), remains a serious worldwide problem and affects many patients despite the improvement of medical treatment. The possibility of the replacement of the infarcted areas by the re-generation of the myocardial cells has been long discussed and the mobilization of the stem cells from bone marrow (BMCs) to the peripheral blood (PB) induced by cytokines, represents a potential pathway to activate the regenerative process. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe BMC mobilization and direct/indirect revascularization in 15 patients operated on for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or mitral valve surgery and/or ventricular remodeling combined to multiple trans-myocardial punctures (Sen technique) in ungraftable non-viable fibrotic areas. RESULTS Peak values of circulating BMCs were recorded between day +4 and day +6. We had no in-hospital (0-30 days) mortality. All the patients were discharged from the ICU after a median period of 2 days while the in-hospital length of stay was 10.5+4.2 days (range 7-21) and all patients were discharged in good clinical condition. There were two sudden deaths over the mid-term, at postoperative day (POD) 32 and 45 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the combination of BMC mobilization and CABG may be safely performed. However, considering the small series, final conclusions about the benefit of this procedure must await a larger prospective study comparing the role of cytokines alone, myocardial perforation, and the combination of both.
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Solomon A, Blum A, Peleg A, Lev EI, Leshem-Lev D, Hasin Y. Endothelial progenitor cells are suppressed in anemic patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Med 2012; 125:604-11. [PMID: 22507545 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anemia is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in acute coronary syndrome. Endothelial progenitor cells are bone marrow-derived cells that are mobilized into the circulation in response to ischemia. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells increases within days of acute coronary syndrome. There is no confirmation regarding the correlation between the occurrence of anemia and the deficiency in endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The correlation between chronic anemia and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute coronary syndrome was investigated. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were examined in 26 patients with acute coronary syndrome. Fifteen patients had chronic nonprogressive anemia, and 11 patients had a normal blood count. Blood samples were drawn on the first day of admission and 4 to 7 days later. Mononuclear cells were separated and cultured on fibronectin-coated plates with EndoCult medium (StemCell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada) for 5 days. Colony forming unit count and a migration assay were performed at each time point. RESULTS Baseline colony forming unit in the non-anemic group was higher than in the anemic group (P<.0001). There was a highly significant correlation between admission hemoglobin and colony forming unit count (R=0.83, P<.0001). Colony forming units increased in both groups on the second measurement but to a lower extent in the anemic group (P = .0004). The migration assay in the non-anemic group was higher than in the anemic group at baseline (P = .017) and 4 to 7 days later (P = .0054). CONCLUSION Patients with acute coronary syndrome with anemia demonstrate a reduced number of peripheral endothelial progenitor cells with impaired function, possibly representing a lower capacity for vascular healing. These phenomena may partly explain the poor prognosis observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Solomon
- Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Baruch-Padeh Poria Medical Center, Tiberias, Israel
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22
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Rouillard AD, Holmes JW. Mechanical regulation of fibroblast migration and collagen remodelling in healing myocardial infarcts. J Physiol 2012; 590:4585-602. [PMID: 22495588 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective management of healing and remodelling after myocardial infarction is an important problem in modern cardiology practice. We have recently shown that the level of infarct anisotropy is a critical determinant of heart function following a large anterior infarction, which suggests that therapeutic gains may be realized by controlling infarct anisotropy. However, factors regulating infarct anisotropy are not well understood. Mechanical, structural and chemical guidance cues have all been shown to regulate alignment of fibroblasts and collagen in vitro, and prior studies have proposed that each of these cues could regulate anisotropy of infarct scar tissue, but understanding of fibroblast behaviour in the complex environment of a healing infarct is lacking. We developed an agent-based model of infarct healing that accounted for the combined influence of these cues on fibroblast alignment, collagen deposition and collagen remodelling. We pooled published experimental data from several sources in order to determine parameter values, then used the model to test the importance of each cue for predicting collagen alignment measurements from a set of recent cryoinfarction experiments. We found that although chemokine gradients and pre-existing matrix structures had important effects on collagen organization, a response of fibroblasts to mechanical cues was critical for correctly predicting collagen alignment in infarct scar. Many proposed therapies for myocardial infarction, such as injection of cells or polymers, alter the mechanics of the infarct region. Our modelling results suggest that such therapies could change the anisotropy of the healing infarct, which could have important functional consequences. This model is therefore a potentially important tool for predicting how such interventions change healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rouillard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Nerve growth factor induces cord formation of mesenchymal stem cell by promoting proliferation and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1483-90. [PMID: 22139028 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether nerve growth factor (NGF) induced angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Bone marrow MSCs were isolated from femors or tibias of Sprague-Dawley rat, and cultured. The cells were purified after 3 to 5 passages, seeded on Matrigel-coated 24-well plates and treated with NGF. Tube formation was observed 24 h later. Tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and p75NTR gene expression was examined using PCR analysis and flow cytometry. Growth curves were determined via cell counting. Expression of VEGF and pAkt/Akt were analyzed with Western blot. RESULTS NGF (25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L) promoted tube formation of MSCs. The tubular length reached the maximum of a 2.24-fold increase, when the cells were treated with NGF (50 μg/L). NGF (50 μg/L) significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation. Pretreatment with the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 μmol/L) blocked NGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, tube formation and angiogenesis. NGF (25-200 μg/L) did not affect the expression of TrkA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but significantly suppressed the expression of p75NTR. NGF (50 μg/L) markedly increased the proliferation of MSCs. CONCLUSION NGF promoted proliferation of MSCs and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which may be responsible for NGF induction of MSC angiogenesis.
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Ito K, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disorders. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11:295-302. [DOI: 10.2165/11592760-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Will CM. The management of enthusiasm: motives and expectations in cardiovascular medicine. Health (London) 2011; 14:547-63. [PMID: 20974691 DOI: 10.1177/1363459309357261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Debates about appropriate action in medicine often turn on finding the right emotional orientation to new developments. In this article enthusiasm emerges as a key term in a professional 'vocabulary of motive' around innovation, complicating current sociological interest in expectations. The negative associations that adhere to this word among clinical researchers indicate awareness with the difficulty of managing hype and public hopes, but analysis of its use by cardiologists over the past two decades also reveals tension around more specific professional dangers, including 'credulity' and inappropriate activism. An emphasis on clinical trials offers one resolution, but additional narrative strategies can be identified when discussing when to start such trials here illustrated for stem cells for cardiac repair. In particular, while some suggest delaying trials until there is good knowledge of mechanism gained in the laboratory, others support early clinical research through gestures of therapeutic and epistemic modesty.
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Forrester JS, White AJ, Matsushita S, Chakravarty T, Makkar RR. New paradigms of myocardial regeneration post-infarction: tissue preservation, cell environment, and pluripotent cell sources. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 2:1-8. [PMID: 19463391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction establish the procedure as safe. Nonetheless, the typical small increase in ejection fraction is of uncertain clinical significance, with little if any evidence of myocardial regeneration. In this paper, we describe 3 new paradigms of myocardial preservation and regeneration that provide reasonable hope that the goal of myocardial rejuvenation can be achieved. The first paradigm is that substantial preservation of myocardium is possible even during the period of coronary occlusion and immediate reperfusion, before interventions aimed at myocardial regeneration. The factors that induce myocardial preservation may also create an environment more receptive to subsequent myocardial regeneration. The second paradigm is that the local environment may regulate the behavior of cells in the ischemic/infarct region. For instance, adult cells may be induced to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate with appropriate environmental modification. The final paradigm is that autologous cardiac stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells can create new myocytes and myocardium. Taken together, these new ideas, each still to be proven, suggest that the goal of regenerating functioning new myocardium can still be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Forrester
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Madonna R, De Caterina R. Adipose tissue: a new source for cardiovascular repair. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2010; 11:71-80. [PMID: 19996982 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328330e9be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Along with angiogenesis and gene therapy, stem cell transplantation is one of the newest treatment modalities proposed to improve the outcome of patients with heart failure or infarction. In this context, much interest has stemmed from experimental studies showing that cardiac transfer of unfractionated or partially purified bone marrow cells, or stem cells and progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow or peripheral blood, can enhance functional recovery after an acute myocardial infarction. On the basis of these data, stem cells and progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow have been proposed for use in the repair of cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction in patients. However, the relatively low abundance, small tissue volume, difficult accessibility and disease-related malfunction of bone marrow-derived stem cells make their clinical usefulness difficult in some situations. Recently it has been shown that adipose tissue contains a population of adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells that, in cell culture conditions, have extensive proliferative capacity and are able to differentiate into several lineages, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. The similarities between stem cells extracted from the bone marrow and the adipose tissue suggest the potential for the adipose tissue to act as an alternative, and perhaps preferable, cell source for repairing damaged tissues, such as the ischemic or infarcted heart. In this review we discuss molecular and functional characterization, preclinical results and currently ongoing clinical trials using adipose-derived stem cells in cardiovascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Mastitskaya S, Denecke B. Human spongiosa mesenchymal stem cells fail to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro. J Negat Results Biomed 2009; 8:11. [PMID: 19903342 PMCID: PMC2777841 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are broadly discussed as a promising cell population amongst others for regenerative therapy of ischemic heart disease and its consequences. Although cardiac-specific differentiation of hMSCs was reported in several in vitro studies, these results were sometimes controversial and not reproducible. Results In our study we have analyzed different published protocols of cardiac differentiation of hMSCs and their modifications, including the use of differentiation cocktails, different biomaterial scaffolds, co-culture techniques, and two- and three-dimensional cultures. We also studied whether 5'-azacytidin and trichostatin A treatments in combination with the techniques mentioned above can increase the cardiomyogenic potential of hMSCs. We found that hMSCs failed to generate functionally active cardiomyocytes in vitro, although part of the cells demonstrated increased levels of cardiac-specific gene expression when treated with differentiation factors, chemical substances, or co-cultured with native cardiomyocytes. Conclusion The failure of hMSCs to form cardiomyocytes makes doubtful the possibility of their use for mechanical reparation of the heart muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Mastitskaya
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), BIOMAT, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Yang ZJ, Xu SL, Chen B, Zhang SL, Zhang YL, Wei W, Ma DC, Wang LS, Zhu TB, Li CJ, Wang H, Cao KJ, Gao W, Huang J, Ma WZ, Wu ZZ. HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND INDUCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL MOBILIZATION: A PILOT GENE THERAPY STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:790-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lunde K, Solheim S, Aakhus S, Arnesen H, Abdelnoor M, Forfang K. Autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myocardial infarction: The ASTAMI randomized controlled trial. Intracoronary transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells, study design and safety aspects. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2009; 39:150-8. [PMID: 16152682 DOI: 10.1080/14017430510009131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intracoronary transplantation of different cell populations has been used in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with promising results. The primary objective of the Autologous Stem cell Transplantation in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ASTAMI) study is to test whether intracoronary transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells (mBMC) improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after anterior wall AMI. DESIGN The ASTAMI study is a randomized, controlled, prospective study. One hundred patients with acute anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are randomized in a 1:1 way to either intracoronary transplantation of autologous mBMC 5-8 d after PCI or to control. Left ventricular function, exercise capacity, biochemical status, functional class, quality of life and complications are validated at baseline and during a 12-month follow-up. RESULTS By August 2004, out of 1004 patients with STEMI, 49 patients have been included in the study. Twenty-four patients have been randomized to intracoronary mBMC transplantation. Twenty patients had chest pain and 16 patients had ischemic ECG changes during the mBMC transplantation procedure. One patient had ventricular fibrillation 24 h after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary transplantation of autologous mBMC in the acute phase after AMI is feasible and seems safe in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Lunde
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Schabort EJ, Myburgh KH, Wiehe JM, Torzewski J, Niesler CU. Potential Myogenic Stem Cell Populations: Sources, Plasticity, and Application for Cardiac Repair. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:813-30. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elske J. Schabort
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kathryn H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Juliane M. Wiehe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Torzewski
- Cardiovascular Unit, Oberallgäu Kliniken GmbH, Immenstadt, Germany
| | - Carola U. Niesler
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology, and Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Enhanced mobilization of CD34+ progenitor cells expressing cell adhesion molecules in patients with STEMI. Clin Res Cardiol 2009; 98:477-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-009-0021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alt E, Pinkernell K, Scharlau M, Coleman M, Fotuhi P, Nabzdyk C, Matthias N, Gehmert S, Song YH. Effect of freshly isolated autologous tissue resident stromal cells on cardiac function and perfusion following acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2009; 144:26-35. [PMID: 19443059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intracoronary administration of freshly isolated, uncultured autologous tissue-derived stromal cells on cardiac function and perfusion after acute infarction in pigs. METHODS A transmural myocardial infarction in a porcine model was induced by occlusion of the mid LAD with an angioplasty balloon for 3 h. Upon reperfusion, freshly isolated, uncultured autologous stromal cells (1.5×10⁶ cells/kg) or control solution was injected into the infarct artery. Cardiac function and area at risk were determined by (99m)Tc-SPECT. RESULTS Eight weeks after infarction, cell treated pigs showed a 20% smaller myocardial perfusion defect compared to control animals (35±9% vs. 44±5% of LV, treated vs. control, respectively, p<0.05). The reduction of the perfusion defect was associated with a significantly higher myocardial salvage index in the cell group as well as a significant increase in ejection fraction compared to control (EF at 8 weeks 43±7% vs. 35±3%, treated vs. control, respectively, p<0.05). This functional improvement was reflected by an increased wall thickness of the infarct and border zone in the treated group (11.2±2.2 mm) compared to control (8.6±1.6 mm, p<0.05) as well as an increased capillary density in the border zone (treated vs. control; 41.6±17.9 vs. 32.9±12.6 capillaries per 0.1 mm², p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that recovery and intracoronary delivery of uncultured autologous tissue derived stromal cells at time of vessel reperfusion is feasible and improves ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Alt
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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Ito K, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as a New and Non-invasive Angiogenic Strategy. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 219:1-9. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.219.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Jun L, Minh D, Calvin W, Carolyn J T, Ray C J C, Dominique ST. The immature heart: the roles of bone marrow stromal stem cells in growth and myocardial repair. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2008; 1:27-33. [PMID: 18949088 PMCID: PMC2570564 DOI: 10.2174/1874192400701010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that adult bone marrow derived stem cells (MSCs) can participate in repair of myocardial injury in adult hearts, as well as in cardiac growth during fetal development in utero. Yet, no studies have evaluated the role of MSCs with respect to normal growth or tissue repair in immature hearts after birth. The present study examines whether MSCs may participate in the myocardial growth and injury in the post-natal immature hearts. MSCs were isolated from adult Lewis rats and labeled with Lac-Z gene using retroviral vectors. These MSCs were injected systemically into groups of neonatal (NB=2days-old), immature (B=30days-old) and adult (A=>3months-old) isogeneic Lewis rats. Additionally, left coronary artery ligation was carried out in subgroups of immature (BL) and adult (AL) rats one week after MSCs injection. The hearts were harvested serially from 2-days to 6-weeks, stained with X-Gal for labeled MSCs. Cardiomyocyte phenotypic expression was evaluated by immunohistological staining for Troponin I-C and Connexin-43. Labeled MSCs were found to home into the bone marrow in all rats of different developmental stages. They could be recruited from bone marrow into the infarcted site of myocardium only in groups AL and BL. They were also capable of differentiating into cardiomyocyte phenotype after myocardial injury. In contrast to that reported in the developing fetus, MSCs did not appear to contribute to the growth of non-injured hearts after birth. However, they can be recruited from the bone marrow and regenerate damaged myocardium both in the adult and in the immature hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Jun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Montreal General Hospital, MUHC, Canada
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37
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G-CSF for left ventricular recovery after myocardial infarction: is it time to face reality? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 22:343-5. [PMID: 18498047 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-008-6114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Markel TA, Wairiuko GM, Lahm T, Crisostomo PR, Wang M, Herring CM, Meldrum DR. The Right Heart and Its Distinct Mechanisms of Development, Function, and Failure. J Surg Res 2008; 146:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zohlnhöfer D, Dibra A, Koppara T, de Waha A, Ripa RS, Kastrup J, Valgimigli M, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Stem Cell Mobilization by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Myocardial Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1429-37. [PMID: 18402895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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40
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Cellular replacement therapy for arrhythmia treatment: early clinical experience. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2008; 22:99-105. [PMID: 18379864 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-008-9244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the proarrhythmic potential of skeletal myoblast transplantation for repair of infarcted myocardium. The evidence on proarrhythmia following bone marrow-derived stem cells, and particular msenchymal stem cells, transplantation is inconclusive. There are experimental and preliminary clinical data supporting the possibility that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation might exert an anti-arrhythmic action by intervening with myocardial scar remodeling. However, clinical experience is limited.
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TAKAI H, MIYOSHI A, YAMAZAKI M, ADACHI K, KATAGIRI K, ARAKAWA H, KATSUYAMA K, ITO T, FUJII E, HAYASHI S, KATO A, SUZUKI M. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Has No Adverse Effects on Atherosclerotic Lesions in High Cholesterol-Fed Miniature Swine. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:943-50. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake TAKAI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Akio MIYOSHI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Masaki YAMAZAKI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kenji ADACHI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | | | | | - Tsuneo ITO
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc
| | - Etsuko FUJII
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shuji HAYASHI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Atsuhiko KATO
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Masami SUZUKI
- Department of Safety Assessment, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Miyamoto Y, Suyama T, Yashita T, Akimaru H, Kurata H. Bone marrow subpopulations contain distinct types of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic cytokine-producing cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:627-35. [PMID: 17900610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis can be induced by the implantation of bone marrow cells (BMCs). However, the mechanism of BMC-mediated neovascularization remains to be clarified. We investigated the differential activities of bone marrow subpopulations in angiogenesis and cytokine production. BMCs were separated into positive and negative fractions by surface expression of Mac-1, Gr-1, CD19, and c-kit, respectively. After 7 days of culture in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the cells produced adherent cells which incorporate acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL). Mac-1(+) and Mac-1(-) cells produced almost equal numbers of acLDL(+) cells, but only Mac-1(-) cells expressed endothelial markers, including Flk-1, vWF, and CD31. Similarly, the expression of endothelial markers was detected in Gr-1(-), CD19(-), and c-kit(+) BMC fractions at 7-day cultures, but not in Gr-1(+), CD19(+), or c-kit(-) cells. In contrast, freshly isolated Mac-1(+) and Gr-1(+) BMCs expressed higher levels of mRNAs for angiogenic cytokines (including VEGF-A, FGF-2, and HGF) than Mac-1(-) and Gr-1(-) cells, respectively. Moreover, Mac-1(+)/c-kit(+) BMC subpopulation expressed higher levels of VEGF-A and SDF-1 mRNAs than other subpopulations. These data demonstrate that a relatively small proportion of VEGF-cultured adherent cells are true endothelial cells with a Flk-1(+)/vWF(+)/CD31(+) phenotype. Moreover, endothelial stem/progenitor cells (EPCs) are limited primarily to Mac-1(-), Gr-1(-), and c-kit(+) BMC populations. In contrast, angiogenic cytokine mRNAs were also produced by Mac-1(+), Gr-1(+), and c-kit(-) BMCs, suggesting the heterogeneity of effector cell types for neovasculatization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Miyamoto
- Cardio Inc. Kobe Lab, Translational Research and Informatics, Room 417, 1-5-4 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Perin EC, Silva GV, Assad JAR, Vela D, Buja LM, Sousa ALS, Litovsky S, Lin J, Vaughn WK, Coulter S, Fernandes MR, Willerson JT. Comparison of intracoronary and transendocardial delivery of allogeneic mesenchymal cells in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 44:486-95. [PMID: 18061611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed safety of transendocardial (TE) electromechanical-guided delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and compared intracoronary (IC) delivery with TE delivery. In a canine acute myocardial ischemia model, 100 x 10(6) MSCs were delivered 7 days after AMI via IC and TE routes. Functional assessment was performed by 2D echocardiogram, and detailed histopathologic analyses were performed to assess the impact of cell therapy in vascular density and fibrosis. Patterns of cell distribution in both delivery methods were also compared. There was a statistically significant reduction in the amount of myocardial ischemia in the TE group (P=0.007). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased 13% (mean) in the TE group (21-day follow-up) and was significantly better than that of the controls (P=0.01), but did not improve in the IC-delivery group. Dissimilar patterns of cell distribution were noted between the IC and TE groups. This study suggests that MSC treatment is probably safe and effective after AMI. In the comparison of TE and IC delivery, the TE group showed higher cell retention (clusters even in the injury center of the infarct) with an increased vascularity and greater functional improvement than did the IC group (no clusters; cells at the border of the infarct). The higher local cell density in the TE group may be important for therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson C Perin
- The Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Stagg J, Galipeau J. Immune plasticity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007:45-66. [PMID: 17554504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68976-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isolated from simple bone marrow aspirates, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be easily expanded ex vivo and differentiated into various cell lineages. Because they are present in humans of all ages, are harvested in the absence of prior mobilization and preserve their plasticity following gene modification, MSCs are particularly attractive for cell-based medicine. One of the most fascinating properties of ex vivo expanded MSCs is their ability to suppress ongoing immune responses, both in vitro and in vivo. Although not fully understood, the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs have been reported to affect the function of a broad range of immune cells, including T cells, antigen-presenting cells, natural killer cells and B cells. Whereas successful harnessing of these immunosuppressive properties might one day open the door to the development of new cell-based strategies for the control of graft-versus-host and other autoimmune diseases, recent studies suggest that the immune-modulating properties of MSCs are far more complex than first thought. Reminiscent of the dichotomy of function of dendritic cells (DCs), which can act as potent activators or potent suppressors of immune responses, new studies including our own work has shown that MSCs in fact possess the dual ability to suppress or activate immune responses. In this review, we summarize the different biological properties of MSCs and discuss the current literature on the complex mechanism of immune modulation mediated by ex vivo expanded MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stagg
- Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital Lady Davis Research Institute, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
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Uwatoku T, Ito K, Abe K, Oi K, Hizume T, Sunagawa K, Shimokawa H. Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy improves left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in pigs. Coron Artery Dis 2007; 18:397-404. [PMID: 17627190 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328089f19b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently demonstrated that low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves chronic myocardial ischemia in pigs and humans. In this study, we examined whether our shock wave therapy is also effective at improving left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in pigs. METHODS Acute myocardial infarction was created by surgically excising the proximal segment of the left circumflex coronary artery (n=20). In the early treatment protocol, the shock wave therapy was started 3 days after acute myocardial infarction, whereas in the late treatment protocol, the therapy was started 4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (n=5 each). The remaining animals were treated in the same manner, but without the shock wave treatment in each protocol (n=5 each). RESULTS In the early treatment protocol, left ventricular ejection fraction was higher (42+/-1 vs. 32+/-1%, P<0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume was smaller (95+/-1 vs. 99+/-2 ml, P<0.05) in the shock wave group compared with the control group. Furthermore, wall thickening fraction (32+/-1 vs. 28+/-1%, P<0.01), regional myocardial blood flow (1.7+/-0.2 vs. 1.0+/-0.1 ml/min/g, P<0.01), and number of capillaries in the border zone (1348+/-15 vs. 938+/-34 mm2, P<0.0001) were all significantly improved in the shock wave group compared with the control group. By contrast, in the late treatment group, no such beneficial effects of the shock wave therapy were noted. CONCLUSION These results suggest that our extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy is also an effective and noninvasive therapy for improving left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction when started in the early phase of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Uwatoku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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46
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Vertesaljai M, Piroth Z, Fontos G, Andreka G, Font G, Szantho G, Lueff S, Reti M, Masszi T, Ablonczy L, Juhasz ED, Simor T, Turner MS, Andreka P. Drugs, gene transfer, signaling factors: a bench to bedside approach to myocardial stem cell therapy. Heart Fail Rev 2007; 13:227-44. [PMID: 17668319 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-007-9047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, the dogma that the heart is a terminally differentiated organ has been challenged. Evidence from preclinical investigations emerged that there are cells, even in the heart itself, that may be able to restore impaired cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Although the exact mechanisms by which the infarcted heart can be repaired by stem cells are not yet fully defined, there is a new optimism among cardiologists that this treatment will prove successful in addressing the cause of heart failure after myocardial infarction-myocyte loss. Despite the promising preliminary data of human myocardial stem cell trials, scientists have also focused on the possibility of enhancing the underlying mechanisms of stem cell repair to gain healthier myocardial tissue. Attempts to induce neo-angiogenesis by transfecting stem cells with signaling factors (such as VEGF), to raise the number of endothelial progenitor cells with medical treatments (such as statins), to transfect stem cells with heat shock protein 70 (as a cardioprotective agent against ischemia) and to enhance the healing process after myocardial infarction with the use of various forms of stimulating factors (G-CSF, SCF, GM-CSF) have been made with notable results. In this article, we summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical myocardial stem cell studies that have addressed the possibility of enhancing the regenerative capacity of cells used after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Vertesaljai
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Haller u. 29, Budapest 1096, Hungary
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Manginas A, Goussetis E, Koutelou M, Karatasakis G, Peristeri I, Theodorakos A, Leontiadis E, Plessas N, Theodosaki M, Graphakos S, Cokkinos DV. Pilot study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intracoronary CD133(+) and CD133(-) CD34(+) cell therapy in patients with nonviable anterior myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007; 69:773-81. [PMID: 17394248 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term effect of intracoronary infusion of progenitor cells in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. BACKGROUND Bone marrow stem-cell administration in patients with myocardial infarction improved myocardial performance and in some studies contributed to favorable left ventricular remodeling. METHODS We report on the results of a pilot, single center, controlled safety, and feasibility study, including 24 patients with old, nonviable anterior myocardial infarction. Twelve patients underwent intracoronary administration of selected CD133(+) and CD133(-)CD34(+) progenitor cells and 12 were followed up on medical therapy. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, at rest and during low-dose dobutamine, and myocardial viability, using TL-201 reinjection scintigraphy, were analyzed at baseline and long-term follow-up. RESULTS Patients in the treatment group experienced a sustained decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic resting volumes (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002, respectively), as well as an improvement in global ejection fraction at rest [from (27.2 +/- 6.8)% to (29.7 +/- 7.3)%, P = 0.016]. Segmental anterior and apical wall perfusion, during TL-201 reinjection, were similarly improved (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). One patient developed restenosis at the cell delivery site and one progression of atherosclerosis. During 28.0 +/- 8.7 months of clinical follow-up, only one patient experienced deterioration of heart failure. In the control group, we observed stability in the perfusion defect and deterioration in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (P= 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) and a nonsignificant decrease in ejection fraction (P = 0.11). CONCLUSION Intracoronary infusion of selected CD133(+) and CD133(-)CD34(+) progenitor cells to a previously infarcted and nonviable anterior wall is safe, and results in sustained improvement in segmental myocardial perfusion and in favorable left ventricular remodeling.
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Zohlnhöfer D, Kastrati A, Schömig A. Stem cell mobilization by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in acute myocardial infarction: lessons from the REVIVAL-2 trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4 Suppl 1:S106-9. [PMID: 17230206 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies and early-phase clinical trials suggest that mobilization of bone marrow stem cells by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can be used to improve cardiac regeneration after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In order to more fully evaluate this intervention in patients with AMI, we conducted the Regenerate Vital Myocardium by Vigorous Activation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells (REVIVAL-2) clinical trial. Following successful reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention for AMI, patients were randomly assigned to receive a subcutaneous daily dose of 10 microg/kg G-CSF or placebo for 5 days. Treatment with G-CSF produced a significant mobilization of stem cells. After 4-6 months the reduction in infarct size from baseline, as determined by technetium-99-labeled single-photon-emission CT, did not differ significantly between the G-CSF group and the placebo group. Furthermore, the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, as assessed by late-enhancement MRI, did not differ significantly between the two groups. G-CSF treatment did not increase the risk of adverse clinical events and did not promote restenosis. Our trial demonstrates that stem cell mobilization by G-CSF does not improve infarct size, left ventricular function, or coronary restenosis in patients with AMI who have had successful mechanical reperfusion.
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Xiang M, Wang J, Kaplan E, Oettgen P, Lipsitz L, Morgan JP, Min JY. Antiapoptotic effect of implanted embryonic stem cell-derived early-differentiated cells in aging rats after myocardial infarction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 61:1219-27. [PMID: 17234814 PMCID: PMC2276583 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.12.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether implanted embryonic stem cell-derived early-differentiated cells (EDCs) lead to improvement in cardiac function by preventing cardiac apoptosis in aging rats after myocardial infarction. Cardiac apoptosis after transplantation of EDCs was assessed in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling reaction (TUNEL) staining as well as by measurements of protein levels of cleaved caspases 3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Our results indicate that cell transplantation improved cardiac function at 6-months observation. The frequency of apoptotic cells in the peri-infarcted myocardium 3 days after cell transplantation was significantly decreased in the cell transplantation group. EDC therapy decreased the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, and increased the level of Bcl-2 in comparison to myocardial infarction control. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cells decreased significantly in cardiomyocytes precocultured with EDCs. This study demonstrates that functional improvement of EDC transplantation may at least in part be related to a reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Xiang
- The 2 Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianan Wang
- The 2 Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Emel Kaplan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Oettgen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis Lipsitz
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James P. Morgan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiang-Yong Min
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Alpert JS. Are stem cells and genetic therapies ready for "prime time"? Am J Med 2007; 120:103-4. [PMID: 17275445 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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