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Ye L, Liu X, Jin K, Niu Y, Zuo Q, Song J, Han W, Chen G, Li B. Effects of Insulin on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Ferroptosis in Primordial Germ Cells via PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1975. [PMID: 37895324 PMCID: PMC10606282 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for the genetic modification, resource conservation, and recovery of endangered breeds in chickens and need to remain viable and proliferative in vitro. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the functions of the influencing factors and their regulatory mechanisms. In this study, PGCs collected from Rugao yellow chicken embryonic eggs at Day 5.5 were cultured in media containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL insulin. The results showed that insulin regulates cell proliferation in PGCs in a dose-dependent way, with an optimal dose of 10 μg/mL. Insulin mediates the mRNA expression of cell cycle-, apoptosis-, and ferroptosis-related genes. Insulin at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL slowed down the proliferation with elevated ion content and GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in PGCs compared to 10 μg/mL. In addition, insulin activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway dose dependently. Collectively, this study demonstrates that insulin reduces apoptosis and ferroptosis and enhances cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in PGCs, providing a new addition to the theory of the regulatory role of the growth and proliferation of PGC in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MA 20742, USA;
| | - Wei Han
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Poultry Institute of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225003, China;
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Y.); (X.L.); (K.J.); (Y.N.); (Q.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Lee D, Hong HS. Substance P Alleviates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose-Induced Stress. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051070. [PMID: 37240715 DOI: 10.3390/life13051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When the retina is constantly affected by high glucose (HG) due to diabetes, the barrier function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is impaired, accompanied by unnecessary vascularization. This eventually leads to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated the recovery effect of substance P (SP) on RPE injured by HG. RPE was treated with HG for 24 h, and HG-induced cellular injuries were confirmed. SP was added to the dysfunctional RPE. Compared to RPE in low glucose (LG) conditions, HG-damaged RPE had large, fibrotic cell shapes, and its cellular viability decreased. HG treatment reduced tight junction protein expression levels and caused oxidative stress by interrupting the antioxidant system; this was followed by inflammatory factor intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. SP treatment contributed to RPE recovery by enhancing cell viability, tight junction protein expression, and RPE function under HG conditions, possibly by activating the Akt signaling pathway. Importantly, SP treatment reduced ICAM-1, MCP-1, and VEGF expression. Collectively, SP activated survival signals to suppress oxidative stress and improve retinal barrier function in RPE, accompanied by immune suppression. This suggests the possible application of SP to diabetic retinal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Tan X, Chen YF, Zou SY, Wang WJ, Zhang NN, Sun ZY, Xian W, Li XR, Tang B, Wang HJ, Gao Q, Kang PF. ALDH2 attenuates ischemia and reperfusion injury through regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:219-230. [PMID: 36587924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The function of mitochondrial fusion and fission is one of the important factors causing ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic myocardium. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is abundantly expressed in heart, which involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism and stress response. However, the mechanism of ALDH2 regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission in diabetic myocardial I/R injury has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that the expression of ALDH2 was downregulated in rat diabetic myocardial I/R model. Functionally, the activation of ALDH2 resulted in the improvement of cardiac hemodynamic parameters and myocardial injury, which were abolished by the treatment of Daidzin, a specific inhibitor of ALDH2. In H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation model, ALDH2 regulated the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission and maintained mitochondrial morphology stability. Meanwhile, ALDH2 reduced mitochondrial ROS levels, and apoptotic protein expression in cardiomyocytes, which was associated with the upregulation of phosphorylation (p-PI3KTyr458, p-AKTSer473, p-mTOR). Moreover, ALDH2 suppressed the mitoPTP opening through reducing 4-HNE. Therefore, our results demonstrated that ALDH2 alleviated the ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibition of mitoPTP opening and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bi Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hong-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
| | - Pin-Fang Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Jeremy M, Gurusubramanian G, Kharwar RK, Roy VK. Evaluation of a single dose of intra-testicular insulin treatment in heat-stressed mice model. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14603. [PMID: 36156807 DOI: 10.1111/and.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays important role in testicular functions such as germ cell proliferation and steroidogenesis, despite its conventional role as a hypoglycaemic agent. It is also well known that testicular activity is severely get affected by heat stress and heat stress induces testicular pathogenesis. The effect of insulin on heat-induced testicular impairment has not been investigated. Thus, it is hypothesized that insulin might modulate testicular activity in a heat-stressed model. Experimental mice were separated into 4 groups; the first group was the normal control (CN), and the second group was subjected to heat stress (HS) by submerging the lower body part in a thermostatically controlled water bath maintained at 43°C for 15 min. The third and fourth groups were treated with a single dose of intra-testicular insulin (0.6 IU/mice) before and after heat stress. Animal tissue samples were collected after 14 days of heat treatment. Insulin treatment did not improve the sperm parameters; however, both insulin pre and post-treatment improved the markers of spermatogenesis such as Johnsen score, germinal epithelium height and the number of stages VII/VIII. The histoarchitecture of testis also showed amelioration from heat-induced pathogenesis in the insulin-treated groups. Insulin treatment has also increased the proliferation of germ cells (increased PCNA and GCN), survival (Bcl2), and decreased apoptosis (active caspase-3). Furthermore, insulin treatment decreased MDA levels, without pronounced effects on the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Heat stress also decreased the circulating testosterone and oestrogen levels, and insulin treatment significantly increased oestrogen levels only. Although testosterone showed an increasing trend, it was insignificant. The expression of aromatase, AR, ER-α, and ER-β was down regulated by heat-stress and insulin treatment up regulated these markers. In conclusion, our results showed the amelioration of heat-induced testicular impairment by pre and post-intra-testicular insulin treatments. Insulin-associated improvements in the pre-and post-treatment groups suggested a preventive mechanism of insulin against heat stress in the testis.
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Liu W, Feng Y, Wang X, Ding J, Li H, Guan H, Chen Z. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells-derived exosomes enhance cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8850-8865. [PMID: 35361041 PMCID: PMC9161948 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of human health issues worldwide. The sudden and continuous occlusion of the coronary artery results in myocardial hypoxic-ischemic necrosis, which is accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis, leading to pathological cardiac remodeling. Exosome-based therapy is a promising cell-free approach for repairing the ischemic myocardium. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-derived exosomes on AMI. The results indicated that the localized injection of HUVECs-derived exosomes in the infarcted area could significantly improve cardiac function in AMI mouse models. It could also ameliorate myocardial fibrosis and decrease infarct size after AMI. Additionally, HUVECs-derived exosomes had cardioprotective effects on the H9C2 cells in hypoxic culture conditions, including increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In both the in-vivo and in-vitro experiments, HUVECs-derived exosomes could effectively inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The low expression levels of Bcl-2–associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, high expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) were detected in AMI mouse models treated with HUVECs-derived exosomes in-vivo. In conclusion, HUVECs-derived exosomes effectively enhanced cardiac function after AMI and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which might be regulated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongquan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Inorganic nitrate and nitrite ameliorate kidney fibrosis by restoring lipid metabolism via dual regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and the AKT-PGC1α pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102266. [PMID: 35217293 PMCID: PMC8866060 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis, associated with oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. As major energy source in maintaining renal physiological functions, tubular epithelial cells with decreased fatty acid oxidation play a key role in renal fibrosis development. Inorganic nitrate, found in high levels in certain vegetables, can increase the formation and signaling by bioactive nitrogen species, including NO, and dampen oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic value of inorganic nitrate treatment on development of kidney fibrosis and investigated underlying mechanisms including regulation of lipid metabolism in tubular epithelial cells. Methods Inorganic nitrate was supplemented in a mouse model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrosis. Inorganic nitrite was applied in transforming growth factor β-induced pro-fibrotic cells in vitro. Metformin was administrated as a positive control. Fibrosis, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results Nitrate treatment boosted the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, which ameliorated UUO-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis in mice, represented by improved glomerular filtration and morphological structure and decreased renal collagen deposition, pro-fibrotic marker expression, and inflammation. In human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2), inorganic nitrite treatment prevented transforming growth factor β-induced pro-fibrotic changes. Mechanistically, boosting the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, improved AKT-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α) activity and restored mitochondrial function. Accordingly, treatment with nitrate (in vivo) or nitrite (in vitro) decreased lipid accumulation, which was associated with dampened NADPH oxidase activity and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress. Conclusions Our findings indicate that inorganic nitrate and nitrite treatment attenuates the development of kidney fibrosis by targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Underlying mechanisms include modulation of AMPK and AKT-PGC1α pathways. Inorganic nitrate treatment attenuates renal fibrosis in ureteral obstructed mice Underlying mechanisms include:dampened oxidative stress. increased formation/signaling of nitrogen species including nitric oxide.
A novel TGFβ-AKT-kidney fibrosis pathway are related to lipid metabolism.
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Hansen SS, Pedersen TM, Marin J, Boardman NT, Shah AM, Aasum E, Hafstad AD. Overexpression of NOX2 Exacerbates AngII-Mediated Cardiac Dysfunction and Metabolic Remodelling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010143. [PMID: 35052647 PMCID: PMC8772838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of low doses of angiotensin II (AngII) on cardiac function, myocardial substrate utilization, energetics, and mitochondrial function in C57Bl/6J mice and in a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte specific upregulation of NOX2 (csNOX2 TG). Mice were treated with saline (sham), 50 or 400 ng/kg/min of AngII (AngII50 and AngII400) for two weeks. In vivo blood pressure and cardiac function were measured using plethysmography and echocardiography, respectively. Ex vivo cardiac function, mechanical efficiency, and myocardial substrate utilization were assessed in isolated perfused working hearts, and mitochondrial function was measured in left ventricular homogenates. AngII50 caused reduced mechanical efficiency despite having no effect on cardiac hypertrophy, function, or substrate utilization. AngII400 slightly increased systemic blood pressure and induced cardiac hypertrophy with no effect on cardiac function, efficiency, or substrate utilization. In csNOX2 TG mice, AngII400 induced cardiac hypertrophy and in vivo cardiac dysfunction. This was associated with a switch towards increased myocardial glucose oxidation and impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. Low doses of AngII may transiently impair cardiac efficiency, preceding the development of hypertrophy induced at higher doses. NOX2 overexpression exacerbates the AngII -induced pathology, with cardiac dysfunction and myocardial metabolic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne S. Hansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tina M. Pedersen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Julie Marin
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK;
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Anne D. Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
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Role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4045-4059. [PMID: 34244974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered as a severe health problem worldwide, while cardiac fibrosis is one of the main driving factors for the progress of HF. Cardiac fibrosis was characterized by changes in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, ratio of collagen (COL) I/III, and the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thus forming a scar tissue, which leads to pathological process of cardiac structural changes and systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many advanced cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and HF. Accumulated studies have proven that phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is involved in regulating the occurrence, progression and pathological formation of cardiac fibrosis via regulating cell survival, apoptosis, growth, cardiac contractility and even the transcription of related genes through a series of molecules including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), forkhead box proteins O1/3 (FoxO1/3), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thus, the review focuses on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cardiac fibrosis. The information reviewed here should be significant in understanding the role of PI3K/Akt in cardiac fibrosis and contribute to the design of further studies related to PI3K/Akt and the cardiac fibrotic response, as well as sought to shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
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Ramani S, Park S. HSP27 role in cardioprotection by modulating chemotherapeutic doxorubicin-induced cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:771-784. [PMID: 33728476 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The common phenomenon expected from any anti-cancer drug in use is to kill the cancer cells without any side effects to non-malignant cells. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline derivative anti-cancer drug active over different types of cancers with anti-cancer activity but attributed to unintended cytotoxicity and genotoxicity triggering mitogenic signals inducing apoptosis. Administration of doxorubicin tends to both acute and chronic toxicity resulting in cardiomyopathy (left ventricular dysfunction) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Cardiotoxicity is prevented through administration of different cardioprotectants along with the drug. This review elaborates on mechanism of drug-mediated cardiotoxicity and attenuation principle by different cardioprotectants, with a focus on Hsp27 as cardioprotectant by prevention of drug-induced oxidative stress, cell survival pathways with suppression of intrinsic cell death. In conclusion, Hsp27 may offer an exciting/alternating cardioprotectant, with a wider study being need of the hour, specifically on primary cell line and animal models in conforming its cardioprotectant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramanian Ramani
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Erkens R, Totzeck M, Brum A, Duse D, Bøtker HE, Rassaf T, Kelm M. Endothelium-dependent remote signaling in ischemia and reperfusion: Alterations in the cardiometabolic continuum. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:265-281. [PMID: 33497796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intact endothelial function plays a fundamental role for the maintenance of cardiovascular (CV) health. The endothelium is also involved in remote signaling pathway-mediated protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the transfer of these protective signals into clinical practice has been hampered by the complex metabolic alterations frequently observed in the cardiometabolic continuum, which affect redox balance and inflammatory pathways. Despite recent advances in determining the distinct roles of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (InR), hyperinsulinemia, and ultimately diabetes mellitus (DM), which define the cardiometabolic continuum, our understanding of how these conditions modulate endothelial signaling remains challenging. It is widely accepted that endothelial cells (ECs) undergo functional changes within the cardiometabolic continuum. Beyond vascular tone and platelet-endothelium interaction, endothelial dysfunction may have profound negative effects on outcome during I/R. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the influence of hyperglycemia, InR, hyperinsulinemia, and DM on endothelial function and redox balance, their influence on remote protective signaling pathways, and their impact on potential therapeutic strategies to optimize protective heterocellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Amanda Brum
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Huang G, Guo X, Guo J, Zhang P, Liang W, Bai C, Zhang Y. ABHD15 promotes cell viability, glycolysis, and inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:681-690. [PMID: 33257193 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) has been an important heart disease affecting human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of abhydrolase domain containing 15 (ABHD15) on hypoxic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypoxic cardiomyocytes are commonly used as an vitro model for the study of MI. We found that cardiomyocyte viability was decreased under hypoxia, but cell glucose uptake, insulin receptor phosphorylation level and apoptosis were increased. Interestingly, ABHD15 expression was up-regulated in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes. Then, we identified the function of ABHD15 in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by using ABHD15 overexpression vector or short interfering RNA (siRNA) against ABHD15. The results showed that overexpression of ABHD15 promoted hypoxic cardiomyocyte viability, glucose uptake and IR phosphorylation (p-IR), and inhibited cell apoptosis. However, knockdown of ABHD15 attenuated hypoxic cardiomyocyte viability, glucose uptake and IR phosphorylation, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, we found that ABHD15 promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression, translocation and enhance rate-limiting enzyme activation of glycolysis, thereby affecting glucose uptake. Furthermore, our study suggested that ABHD15 may affect the viability and apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes through IR/Ras/Raf/ERK/MEK and IR/PI3K/AKT/Bcl2/Bad/caspase9 signaling pathways, respectively. When the phosphorylation of IR, Raf or ERK was blocked by inhibitors, the protective effect of overexpressing ABHD15 on the viability of hypoxic cardiomyocytes was eliminated. Furthermore, inhibiting the phosphorylation of IR, AKT or Bcl2 abolished the inhibitory effect of overexpressing ABHD15 on hypoxic cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION ABHD15 regulated myocardial cell viability, glycolysis, and apoptosis under hypoxia, providing a novel potential therapeutic strategy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Huang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Guo
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiyong Zhang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wanqian Liang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Caiyan Bai
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Nomura S, Komuro I. Precision medicine for heart failure based on molecular mechanisms: The 2019 ISHR Research Achievement Award Lecture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:29-39. [PMID: 33275937 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death, and the number of patients with heart failure continues to increase worldwide. To realize precision medicine for heart failure, its underlying molecular mechanisms must be elucidated. In this review summarizing the "The Research Achievement Award Lecture" of the 2019 XXIII ISHR World Congress held in Beijing, China, we would like to introduce our approaches for investigating the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, development, and failure, as well as discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang J, Xue Z, Lin J, Wang Y, Ying H, Lv Q, Hua C, Wang M, Chen S, Zhou B. Proline improves cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction and attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via redox regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114065. [PMID: 32492448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At present, ischemic heart failure (HF) caused by coronary heart disease (CHD) has a high morbidity and mortality, placing a heavy burden on global human health. L-Proline (Pro), a nonessential amino acid and the foundation of proteins in the human body, was found to be protective against oxidative stress in various diseases. However, the role of Pro in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. In vivo, adult mice were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation for 4 weeks with or without Pro treatment. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without Pro, followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (200 μM) for 6 and 12 h. Our data showed that Pro metabolism was disturbing after myocardial infarction (MI). Pro treatment improved cardiac remodeling, reduced infarct size, and decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse hearts after MI. Pro inhibited the H2O2-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells and protected against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and pathway analysis, Pro was shown to exert a protective effect through H2O2 catabolic processes and apoptotic processes, especially oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Taken together, our findings suggested that Pro protects against MI injury at least partially via redox regulation, highlighting the potential of Pro as a novel therapy for ischemic HF caused by CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangying Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Nogi M, Kawakami R, Ishihara S, Hirai K, Nakada Y, Nakagawa H, Ueda T, Nishida T, Onoue K, Soeda T, Okayama S, Watanabe M, Saito Y. Low Insulin Is an Independent Predictor of All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Death in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015393. [PMID: 32406318 PMCID: PMC7660870 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin beneficially affects myocardial functions during myocardial ischemia. It increases glucose‐derived ATP production, decreases oxygen consumption, suppresses apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and promotes the survival of cardiomyocytes. Patients with chronic heart failure generally have high insulin resistance, which is correlated with poor outcomes. The role of insulin in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum insulin level at the time of admission for long‐term outcomes in patients with ADHF. Methods and Results We enrolled 1074 consecutive patients who were admitted to our department for ADHF. Of these 1074 patients, we studied the impact of insulin on the prognosis of ADHF in 241 patients without diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into groups according to low, intermediate, and high tertiles of serum insulin levels. Primary end points were all‐cause death and cardiovascular death. During a mean follow‐up of 21.8 months, 71 all‐cause deaths and 38 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in the low‐insulin group than those in the intermediate‐ and high‐insulin groups (log‐rank P=0.0046 and P=0.038, respectively). Moreover, according to the multivariable analysis, low serum insulin was an independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.24–4.65; P=0.009] and 2.94 [95% CI, 1.12–8.19; P=0.028], respectively). Conclusions Low serum insulin levels were associated with increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death in ADHF patients without diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nogi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kaeko Hirai
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yasuki Nakada
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Ueda
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Taku Nishida
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Tsunenari Soeda
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Satoshi Okayama
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Cardiovascular Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
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Zhu J, Wang YF, Chai XM, Qian K, Zhang LW, Peng P, Chen PM, Cao JF, Qin ZH, Sheng R, Xie H. Exogenous NADPH ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through activating AMPK/mTOR pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:535-545. [PMID: 31776448 PMCID: PMC7470878 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study shows that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) plays an important role in protecting against cerebral ischemia injury. In this study we investigated whether NADPH exerted cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To induce myocardial I/R injury, rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. At the onset of reperfusion, NADPH (4, 8, 16 mg· kg−1· d−1, iv) was administered to the rats. We found that NADPH concentrations in plasma and heart were significantly increased at 4 h after intravenous administration. Exogenous NADPH (8−16 mg/kg) significantly decreased myocardial infarct size and reduced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I). Exogenous NADPH significantly decreased the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes, and reduced the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. In addition, exogenous NADPH reduced mitochondrial vacuolation and increased mitochondrial membrane protein COXIV and TOM20, decreased BNIP3L and increased Bcl-2 to protect mitochondrial function. We conducted in vitro experiments in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R). Pretreatment with NADPH (60, 500 nM) significantly rescued the cell viability and inhibited OGD/R-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with NADPH significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR in OGD/R-treated NRCM. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished NADPH-induced AMPK phosphorylation and cardioprotection in OGD/R-treated NRCM. In conclusion, exogenous NADPH exerts cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury through the activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibiting mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. NADPH may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases.
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16
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Wu G, Bai Z, Wan Y, Shi H, Huang X, Nie S. Antidiabetic effects of polysaccharide from azuki bean (Vigna angularis) in type 2 diabetic rats via insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fang J, Zhao X, Li S, Xing X, Wang H, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Protective mechanism of artemisinin on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide via activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90 rsk-CREB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 31655619 PMCID: PMC6815409 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is one of the new therapeutic strategies for treating ischemic brain and heart tissues. However, the poor survival rate of transplanted BMSCs in ischemic tissue, due to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), limits the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. Considering that BMSC survival may greatly enhance the effectiveness of transplantation therapy, development of effective therapeutics capable of mitigating oxidative stress-induced BMSC apoptosis is an important unmet clinical need. Methods BMSCs were isolated from the 4-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats by whole bone marrow adherent culturing, and the characteristics were verified by morphology, immunophenotype, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential. BMSCs were pretreated with artemisinin, and H2O2 was used to induce apoptosis. Cell viability was detected by MTT, FACS, LDH, and Hoechst 33342 staining assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by JC-1 assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI and Caspase 3 Activity Assay kits. ROS level was evaluated by using CellROX® Deep Red Reagent. SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymatic activities were assessed separately using Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD Assay Kit with WST-8, Catalase Assay Kit, and Total Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit. The effects of artemisinin on protein expression of BMSCs including p-Erk1/2, t-Erk1/2, p-c-Raf, p-p90rsk, p-CREB, BCL-2, Bax, p-Akt, t-Akt, β-actin, and GAPDH were measured by western blotting. Results We characterized for the first time the protective effect of artemisinin, an anti-malaria drug, using oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vitro, in rat BMSC cultures. We found that artemisinin, at clinically relevant concentrations, improved BMSC survival by reduction of ROS production, increase of antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT, and GPx, in correlation with decreased Caspase 3 activation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis, all induced by H2O2. Artemisinin significantly increased extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. PD98059, the specific inhibitor of the Erk1/2 pathway, blocked Erk1/2 phosphorylation and artemisinin protection. Similarly, decreased expression of Erk1/2 by siRNA attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. Additionally, when the upstream activator KRAS was knocked down by siRNA, the protective effect of artemisinin was also blocked. These data strongly indicated the involvement of the Erk1/2 pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, artemisinin increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 upstream kinases proto-oncogene c-RAF serine/threonine-protein kinase (c-Raf) and of Erk1/2 downstream targets p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (p90rsk) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In addition, we found that the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 protein (BcL-2) was also upregulated by artemisinin. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the proof of concept of artemisinin therapeutic potential to improve survival in vitro of BMSCs exposed to ROS-induced apoptosis and suggest that artemisinin-mediated protection occurs via the activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90rsk-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Fang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xingan Xing
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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He A, Fang W, Zhao K, Wang Y, Li J, Yang C, Benadjaoud F, Shi GP. Mast cell-deficiency protects mice from streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Transl Res 2019; 208:1-14. [PMID: 30738862 PMCID: PMC6527494 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators. Patients and animals with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) also show inflammatory cell accumulation in the heart. Here, we detected MCs in mouse heart after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DCM. DCM production caused significant systole and diastole interventricular septum and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thinning, and systolic LV internal dilation in wild-type (WT) mice. DCM production also led to significant reductions of fractional shortening percentage, heart rate, body weight, heart weight, and significant increases of kidney, pancreas, and lung weight to body weight ratios, and blood hemoglobin HbA1c and glucose levels in WT mice. All these changes were improved or disappeared in MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice. In the myocardium from WT DCM mice, we detected significant decrease of cardiac cell proliferation and increases of cardiac cell death, chemokine expression, macrophage infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, and collagen deposition. These changes were also improved or disappeared in KitW-sh/W-sh DCM mice. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) from WT mice fully or partially reversed these cardiac functional and morphologic changes in KitW-sh/W-sh DCM recipient mice. Yet, adoptive transfer of BMMCs from Il6-/- and Tnf-/- mice failed to make these corrections or at much less extent than the WT BMMCs. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a role of MC and MC-derived IL6 and TNF-α in promoting cardiomyocyte death and cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signaling, and collagen synthesis and deposition. Therefore, MC inhibition may have therapeutic potential in attenuating DCM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenqian Fang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Feriel Benadjaoud
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Liu HJ, Liu B. Inhibition of MicroRNA-23 Contributes to the Isoflurane-Mediated Cardioprotection Against Oxidative Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:450-458. [PMID: 29627934 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoflurane is one of the most frequently used volatile anesthetics in clinical practice for inhalational anesthesia. It is widely studied that isoflurane mediates cardioprotection during multiple pathological processes. However, the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured, followed by treatments with isoflurane at 0, 50, 100 or 200 µM. Rat cardiomyoblast cell line, H9c2, was treated with H2O2. Expression of miR-23 was measured by qRT-PCR. The cell survival rate of H9c2 in response to H2O2 treatments was evaluated by MTT assay. The ROS and GSH/GSSG levels were measured using Superoxide Detection Kit and GSH/GSSG Ratio Detection Assay Kit. In this study, we report an isoflurane-miR-23-antioxidant axis in cardiomyocyte. We observed that miR-23 was suppressed by isoflurane treatments at 50, 100 or 200 µM. Moreover, cardiomyocyte with isoflurane exposure was insensitive to H2O2 treatment in vitro. Inhibition of miR-23 protected cardiomyocyte against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatments at 30, 60, 90 or 120 µM. In addition, overexpression of miR-23 induced ROS generation over twofolds and rendered cardiomyocyte sensitive to H2O2 treatments. We demonstrate that miR-23 inhibited intracellular GSH, an antioxidant against oxidative stress. Our results reveal that with isoflurane exposure, overexpression of miR-23 rendered cardiomyocyte sensitive to H2O2 treatments at 20, 30, 40, 50 µM. Pretreatments with GSH in miR-23 overexpressing cells rescued the cell death under oxidative stress. In summary, our results illustrate that the isoflurane-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress is through inhibition of miR-23. This study provides an aspect for the miRNAs-modulated cardiomyocyte sensitivity to oxidative stress, contributing to the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Huang J, Zhou Y, Xue X, Jiang L, Du J, Cui Y, Zhao H. SRPIN340 protects heart muscle from oxidative damage via SRPK1/2 inhibition-mediated AKT activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:97-103. [PMID: 30661787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SRPIN340, a selective serine-arginine protein kinase 1/2 (SRPK1/2) inhibitor, has been shown to have antiviral and anti-angiogenesis effects. However, its role in the heart is unknown. The present study explored the role of SRPIN340 in myocardial protection and the related mechanisms. During challenge with H2O2, cardiomyocytes (CMs) pretreated with SRPIN340 showed strikingly more injury tolerance, which was manifested as reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lower apoptotic index. Further research showed that SRPIN340 activated AKT under basal conditions, and AKT inhibition abolished the protective effects of SRPIN340 treatment during H2O2 stress. The protective effect of SRPIN340 was also demonstrated in perfused rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Collectively, our results reveal the beneficial effects of SRPIN340 against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in CMs and I/R-induced injury in a Langendorff heart model, supporting a potential application of SRPIN340 in the clinically relevant context of reperfusion. The effectiveness of SRPIN340 may be attributed to AKT signal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yaqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liudan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jimin Du
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yingyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Zhao C, Yang C, Wai STC, Zhang Y, P. Portillo M, Paoli P, Wu Y, San Cheang W, Liu B, Carpéné C, Xiao J, Cao H. Regulation of glucose metabolism by bioactive phytochemicals for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:830-847. [PMID: 30501400 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1501658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sydney Tang Chi Wai
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria P. Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yijing Wu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048)/Université Paul Sabatier, Bât. L4, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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22
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Cathepsin K-deficiency impairs mouse cardiac function after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:44-56. [PMID: 30465799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix metabolism and cardiac cell death participate centrally in myocardial infarction (MI). This study tested the roles of collagenolytic cathepsin K (CatK) in post-MI left ventricular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with acute MI had higher plasma CatK levels (20.49 ± 7.07 pmol/L, n = 26) than those in subjects with stable angina pectoris (8.34 ± 1.66 pmol/L, n = 28, P = .01) or those without coronary heart disease (6.63 ± 0.84 pmol/L, n = 93, P = .01). CatK protein expression increases in mouse hearts at 7 and 28 days post-MI. Immunofluorescent staining localized CatK expression in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells in infarcted mouse hearts at 7 days post-MI. To probe the direct participation of CatK in MI, we produced experimental MI in CatK-deficient mice (Ctsk-/-) and their wild-type (Ctsk+/+) littermates. CatK-deficiency yielded worsened cardiac function at 7 and 28 days post-MI, compared to Ctsk+/+ littermates (fractional shortening percentage: 5.01 ± 0.68 vs. 8.62 ± 1.04, P < .01, 7 days post-MI; 4.32 ± 0.52 vs. 7.60 ± 0.82, P < .01, 28 days post-MI). At 7 days post-MI, hearts from Ctsk-/- mice contained less CatK-specific type-I collagen fragments (10.37 ± 1.91 vs. 4.60 ± 0.49 ng/mg tissue extract, P = .003) and more fibrosis (1.67 ± 0.93 vs. 0.69 ± 0.20 type-III collagen positive area percentage, P = .01; 14.25 ± 4.12 vs. 6.59 ± 0.79 α-smooth muscle actin-positive area percentage, P = .016; and 0.82 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.08 CD90-positive area percentage, P = .008) than those of Ctsk+/+ mice. Immunostaining demonstrated that CatK-deficiency yielded elevated cardiac cell death but reduced cardiac cell proliferation. In vitro studies supported a role of CatK in cardiomyocyte survival. CONCLUSION Plasma CatK levels are increased in MI patients. Heart CatK expression is also elevated post-MI, but CatK-deficiency impairs post-MI cardiac function in mice by increasing myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte death.
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Chiang JT, Badrealam KF, Shibu MA, Cheng SF, Shen CY, Chang CF, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Liao SC, Huang CY. Anti-Apoptosis and Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Eriobotrya Japonica in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061638. [PMID: 29857545 PMCID: PMC6032044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis represent important contributing factors for development of hypertension-induced heart failure. The present study aims to investigate the potential effects of Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract (EJLE) against hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Twelve-week-old male rats were randomly divided into four different groups; control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, hypertensive SHR rats, SHR rats treated with a low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of EJLE and SHR rats treated with a high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of EJLE. Animals were acclimatized for 4 weeks and thereafter were gastric fed for 8 weeks with two doses of EJLE per week. The rats were then euthanized following cardiac functional analysis by echocardiography. The cardiac tissue sections were examined by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Deoxyuridine Triphosphate (dUTP) Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) assay, histological staining and Western blotting to assess the cardio-protective effects of EJ in SHR animals. Echocardiographic measurements provided convincing evidence to support the ability of EJ to ameliorate crucial cardiac functional characteristics. Furthermore, our results reveal that supplementation of EJLE effectively attenuated cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis and also enhanced cell survival in hypertensive SHR hearts. Thus, the present study concludes that EJLE potentially provides cardio-protective effects against hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in SHR animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Khan Farheen Badrealam
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Sue-Fei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 10556, Taiwan.
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, 23 Pingguang Road, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Feng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Taichung Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | | | - Shih-Chieh Liao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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24
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Middleton RC, Rogers RG, De Couto G, Tseliou E, Luther K, Holewinski R, Soetkamp D, Van Eyk JE, Antes TJ, Marbán E. Newt cells secrete extracellular vesicles with therapeutic bioactivity in mammalian cardiomyocytes. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1456888. [PMID: 29696078 PMCID: PMC5912190 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1456888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newts can regenerate amputated limbs and cardiac tissue, unlike mammals which lack broad regenerative capacity. Several signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival during newt tissue regeneration have been elucidated, however the factors that coordinate signaling between cells, as well as the conservation of these factors in other animals, are not well defined. Here we report that media conditioned by newt limb explant cells (A1 cells) protect mammalian cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The cytoprotective effect of A1-conditioned media was negated by exposing A1 cells to GW4869, which suppresses the generation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). A1-EVs are similar in diameter (~100–150 nm), structure, and share several membrane surface and cargo proteins with mammalian exosomes. However, isolated A1-EVs contain significantly higher levels of both RNA and protein per particle than mammalian EVs. Additionally, numerous cargo RNAs and proteins are unique to A1-EVs. Of particular note, A1-EVs contain numerous mRNAs encoding nuclear receptors, membrane ligands, as well as transcription factors. Mammalian cardiomyocytes treated with A1-EVs showed increased expression of genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway, a pivotal player in survival signaling. We conclude that newt cells secrete EVs with diverse, distinctive RNA and protein contents. Despite ~300 million years of evolutionary divergence between newts and mammals, newt EVs confer cytoprotective effects on mammalian cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Middleton
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Russell G Rogers
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey De Couto
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Luther
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Holewinski
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Soetkamp
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Travis J Antes
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Yang N, Wu L, Zhao Y, Zou N, Liu C. MicroRNA-320 involves in the cardioprotective effect of insulin against myocardial ischemia by targeting survivin. Cell Biochem Funct 2018. [PMID: 29521436 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that insulin exerts an antiapoptotic effect against ischemia/reperfusion through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. MicroRNAs involve in multiple cardiac pathophysiological processes, including ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. However, the regulation of microRNAs in the cardioprotective effect of insulin is rarely discussed. In this study, using a cell model of ischemia through culturing H9C2 cardiac myocytes in serum-free medium with hypoxia, we demonstrated that pretreatment with insulin significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and downregulated microRNA-320 (miR-320) expression. Interestingly, miR-320 mimic impaired the cardioprotective effect of insulin against myocardial ischemia injury by targeting survivin, which is a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Suppression miR-320 expression by miR-320 inhibitor in H9C2 cells with myocardial ischemia mimics the cardioprotective effect of insulin by maintaining survivin expression. Taken together, miR-320-mediated survivin expression involves in cardioprotective effect of insulin against myocardial ischemia injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains an important clinical problem with extremely deficient clinical therapies. Insulin exerts an antiapoptotic effect against I/R through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Here, we provided evidences to show that microRNA-320 involves in the cardioprotective effect of insulin by targeting survivin, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and functions as a key regulator in cell apoptosis and involves in the tumour genesis and progression. Our findings may provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for I/R injury and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuzhong Wu
- Department of Periodontics, Shenyang Stomatological hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zou
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Gao C, Gong N, Wang Y, Tian L. The Change of Left Ventricular Function in Rats with Subclinical Hypothyroid and the Effects of Thyroxine Replacement. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:8682765. [PMID: 29686704 PMCID: PMC5857321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8682765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between serca2a, Ryr2, adipokines, and the left ventricular function in the subclinical hypothyroidism with different TSH levels and to determine the impact of L-T4 treatment on these indexes. METHODS Sixty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group; sHT A, B, and C group; and sHT + T4 group. The sHT rats were induced by methimazole (MMI), and the sHT + T4 rats were administered with L-T4 treatment after 8 weeks of MMI administration. Serum TT4, TSH, APN, chemerin, and TNF-α were detected by radioimmunoassay kits and ELISA kits; left ventricular function was measured by PowerLab system via subclavian artery catheter. The expression of Serca2a, Ryr2, APN, chemerin, and TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The sHT groups had significantly higher TSH, chemerin, and TNF-α and lower Serca2a, Ryr2, and APN. The left ventricular pressure and heart rate in sHT groups were significantly lower in control and sHT + T4 group. Histopathological examination revealed the pathological changes in the sHT rats' heart. L-T4 administration reduced TSH level and improved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS TSH can impair left ventricular function by regulating several factors, and L-T4 treatment ameliorates it in sHT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Cuixia Gao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Tradition Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Morihara H, Obana M, Tanaka S, Kawakatsu I, Tsuchiyama D, Mori S, Suizu H, Ishida A, Kimura R, Tsuchimochi I, Maeda M, Yoshimitsu T, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate provides an anti-oxidative effect and mediates cardioprotection during ischemia reperfusion in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189948. [PMID: 29267336 PMCID: PMC5739451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis play central roles in the development of multiple cardiac pathologies, including cell death during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In several organs, treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) was shown to have protective effects, generally believed to be due to Ca2+ channel inhibition. However, the mechanism of 2-APB-induced cardioprotection has not been fully investigated. Herein we investigated the protective effects of 2-APB treatment against cardiac pathogenesis and deciphered the underlying mechanisms. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, treatment with 2-APB was shown to prevent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced cell death by inhibiting the increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, no 2-APB-sensitive channel blocker inhibited H2O2-induced cell death and a direct reaction between 2-APB and H2O2 was detected by 1H-NMR, suggesting that 2-APB chemically scavenges extracellular ROS and provides cytoprotection. In a mouse I/R model, treatment with 2-APB led to a considerable reduction in the infarct size after I/R, which was accompanied by the reduction in ROS levels and neutrophil infiltration, indicating that the anti-oxidative properties of 2-APB plays an important role in the prevention of I/R injury in vivo as well. Taken together, present results indicate that 2-APB treatment induces cardioprotection and prevents ROS-induced cardiomyocyte death, at least partially, by the direct scavenging of extracellular ROS. Therefore, administration of 2-APB may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ROS-related cardiac pathology including I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Morihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikki Kawakatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchiyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mori
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suizu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rumi Kimura
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izuru Tsuchimochi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Educational and Research Unit of Pharm.D. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Ying C, Liu T, Ling H, Cheng M, Zhou X, Wang S, Mao Y, Chen L, Zhang R, Li W. Glucose variability aggravates cardiac fibrosis by altering AKT signalling path. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:327-335. [PMID: 28301953 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117698917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of blood glucose variability on cardiac fibrosis and its mechanism in a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS A total of 45 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, control diabetes mellitus and fluctuated blood glucose groups. Fluctuated blood glucose was induced by daily subcutaneous insulin and intraperitoneal glucose injections at different time points. Blood lipids and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c were assessed. Super oxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level in rat heart homogenates were determined by assay kit. Structural cardiac tissue changes were observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Collagen type 3, fibronectin, phosphorylated Ser/Thr protein kinase, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) and tumour necrosis factor-α levels were determined by western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group, cardiac fibrosis and oxidative stress in heart tissue were aggravated in diabetic rats, which were more pronounced in glucose variability rats. However, the expression levels of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta were not significantly different in three groups, but the expression levels of phosphorylated Ser/Thr protein kinase and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta were significantly decreased in the control diabetes mellitus and fluctuated blood glucose groups compared to control group, and levels in the fluctuated blood glucose group were significantly less than in the control diabetes mellitus group. In addition, the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and caspase-3 in both the control diabetes mellitus and fluctuated blood glucose groups were higher than in the control group, with the highest levels measured in the fluctuated blood glucose group. CONCLUSION Blood glucose variability can aggravate heart tissue fibrosis, possibly involving oxidative stress by inhibiting AKT signalling path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- 2 The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Cheng
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- 4 Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- 2 The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Mao
- 2 The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- 2 The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Wei Li
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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29
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Dose-dependent effect of Bisphenol-A on insulin signaling molecules in cardiac muscle of adult male rat. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 266:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chen CZ, Hsu CH, Li CY, Hsiue TR. Insulin use increases risk of asthma but metformin use reduces the risk in patients with diabetes in a Taiwanese population cohort. J Asthma 2017; 54:1019-1025. [PMID: 28135899 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1283698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent reports have suggested that insulin promotes airway smooth muscle contraction and enhances airway hyperresponsiveness, which are cardinal features of asthma. In contrast, metformin can reduce both airway inflammatory and remodeling properties. However, these results are all from in vitro and animal studies. This study investigated whether diabetes and various antidiabetic agents associate with the risk of asthma. METHODS We used a retrospective population-based cohort study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance claim database from 2000 to 2010 and a Cox proportional hazards regression model to compare the incidence of asthma between patients with diabetes (n = 19,428) and a matched non-diabetic group (n = 38,856). We also used a case-control study nested from the above cohort including 1,982 incident cases of asthma and 1,982 age- and sex-matched controls. A time density sampling technique was used to assess the effects of various antidiabetic agents on the risk of asthma. RESULTS The incidence of asthma was significantly higher in the diabetic cohort than that in the non-diabetic cohort after adjustment for age, sex, and obesity, with a hazard ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-1.38). Insulin was found to increase the risk of asthma among diabetic patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% CI: 1.52-3.58). In contrast, the use of metformin correlated with a decreased risk of asthma (OR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of asthma. Insulin may further increase the risk of asthma, but the risk could possibly be reduced by using metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Zuei Chen
- a Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Hsu
- a Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- b Institute of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Tzuen-Ren Hsiue
- a Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
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Mangmool S, Denkaew T, Parichatikanond W, Kurose H. β-Adrenergic Receptor and Insulin Resistance in the Heart. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:44-56. [PMID: 28035081 PMCID: PMC5207462 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by the reduced ability of insulin to stimulate tissue uptake and disposal of glucose including cardiac muscle. These conditions accelerate the progression of heart failure and increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is noteworthy that some conditions of insulin resistance are characterized by up-regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in enhanced stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Overstimulation of βARs leads to the development of heart failure and is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the heart. However, pathological consequences of the cross-talk between the βAR and the insulin sensitivity and the mechanism by which βAR overstimulation promotes insulin resistance remain unclear. This review article examines the hypothesis that βARs overstimulation leads to induction of insulin resistance in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tananat Denkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9583268. [PMID: 28101515 PMCID: PMC5215135 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9583268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the number 1 cause of death worldwide, are frequently associated with apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes. Since cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a highly regulated process, pharmacological intervention of apoptosis pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and end-stage heart failure. Despite rapid growth of our knowledge in apoptosis signaling pathways, a clinically applicable treatment targeting this cellular process is currently unavailable. To help identify potential innovative directions for future research, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways currently known to be functional in cardiac myocytes. Here, we summarize recent progress in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by multiple signaling molecules and pathways, with a focus on the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of heart disease. In addition, we provide an update regarding bench to bedside translation of this knowledge and discuss unanswered questions that need further investigation.
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Activation of ALDH2 with Low Concentration of Ethanol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6190504. [PMID: 27829984 PMCID: PMC5088338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to observe the change of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) when diabetes mellitus (DM) rat heart was subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) intervention and analyze its underlying mechanisms. DM rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion in vitro and pretreated with ALDH2 activator ethanol (EtOH); cardiomyocyte in high glucose (HG) condition was pretreated with ALDH2 activator Alda-1. In control I/R group, myocardial tissue structure collapse appeared. Compared with control I/R group, left ventricular parameters, SOD activity, the level of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA, ALDH2 mRNA, and protein expressions were decreased and LDH and MDA contents were increased, meanwhile the aggravation of myocardial structure injury in DM I/R group. When DM I/R rats were pretreated with EtOH, left ventricular parameters, SOD, Bcl-2/Bax, and ALDH2 expression were increased; LDH, MDA, and myocardial structure injury were attenuated. Compared with DM + EtOH I/R group, cyanamide (ALDH2 nonspecific blocker), atractyloside (mitoPTP opener), and wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) groups all decreased left ventricular parameters, SOD, Bcl-2/Bax, and ALDH2 and increased LDH, MDA, and myocardial injury. When cardiomyocyte was under HG condition, CCK-8 activity and ALDH2 protein expression were decreased. Alda-1 increased CCK-8 and ALDH2. Our findings suggested enhanced ALDH2 expression in diabetic I/R rats played the cardioprotective role, maybe through activating PI3K and inhibiting mitoPTP opening.
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Pizarro M, Troncoso R, Martínez GJ, Chiong M, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Basal autophagy protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2016; 370:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:474-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chang YM, Chang HH, Kuo WW, Lin HJ, Yeh YL, Padma Viswanadha V, Tsai CC, Chen RJ, Chang HN, Huang CY. Anti-Apoptotic and Pro-Survival Effect of Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) in a d-Galactose-Induced Aging Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:466. [PMID: 27043531 PMCID: PMC4848922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, a natural biological/physiological phenomenon, is accelerated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and identified by a progressive decrease in physiological function. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between aging and chronic heart failure (HF). Cardiac apoptosis was found in age-related diseases. We used a traditional Chinese medicine, Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF), to evaluate its effect on cardiac anti-apoptosis and pro-survival. Male eight-week-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were segregated into five groups: normal control group (NC), d-Galactose-Induced aging group (Aging), and AOF of 50 (AL (AOF low)), 100 (AM (AOF medium)), 150 (AH (AOF high)) mg/kg/day. After eight weeks, hearts were measured by an Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) stain, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-assays and Western blotting. The experimental results show that the cardiomyocyte apoptotic pathway protein expression increased in the d-Galactose-Induced aging groups, with dose-dependent inhibition in the AOF treatment group (AL, AM, and AH). Moreover, the expression of the pro-survival p-Akt (protein kinase B (Akt)), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-xL) protein decreased significantly in the d-Galactose-induced aging group, with increased performance in the AOF treatment group with levels of p-IGFIR and p-PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-3′ kinase (PI3K)) to increase by dosage and compensatory performance. On the other hand, the protein of the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway expression decreased in the aging groups and showed improvement in the AOF treatment group. Our results suggest that AOF strongly works against ROS-induced aging heart problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ming Chang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung 433, Taiwan.
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Lin
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50506, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35665, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chin-Chuan Tsai
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Nung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Jia W, Jian Z, Li J, Luo L, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Tang F, Xiao Y. Upregulated ATF6 contributes to chronic intermittent hypoxia-afforded protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1199-208. [PMID: 27035093 PMCID: PMC4829135 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) in the mechanism by which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) increases tolerance to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Experiments were conducted using a rat model of I/R injury in vivo and isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts ex vivo. The role of Akt in this process was also investigated in vitro using rat myoblast H9c2 cells. Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase cardiac isoenzyme activity were also measured as markers of cellular damage. ATF6, Akt and phosphorylated (p)-Akt expression was analyzed by western blot analysis. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to suppress ATF6 expression. We noted that ATF6 expression in the ventricular myocardium was significantly increased in rats exposed to CIH. Furthermore, we noted that CIH preserved cardiac function after I/R in vivo and improved post-ischemic recovery of myocardial performance in isolated rat hearts. ATF6 and p-Akt expression was upregulated in cultured H9c2 cells exposed to chronic mild hypoxia compared with those cultured under normoxic conditions. Chronic mild hypoxia attenuated subsequent simulated I/R injury in H9c2 cells (48 h), as evidenced by increased cell viability and decreased LDH activity. By contrast, decreased cell viability and increased LDH activity were observed in siRNA-ATF6-transfected H9c2 cells, with a concomitant reduction in p-Akt levels. These results indicated that ATF6 upregulation is involved in the mechanism by which CIH attenuates myocardial I/R injury, possibly through upregulation of p-Akt, which is a key regulator of cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Fuqin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yingbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Liang Y, Yuan W, Zhu W, Zhu J, Lin Q, Zou X, Deng C, Fu Y, Zheng X, Yang M, Wu S, Yu X, Shan Z. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter through MEF2 and Zac1 in cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2015; 64:1682-93. [PMID: 26455966 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and GLUT4 glucose transporter are involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but it remains largely unknown whether and how MIF regulates GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of GLUT4 by MIF in cardiomyocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Activations of AKT and AMPK signaling, and expressions of MIF, GLUT4 and the candidate GLUT4 regulation associated transcription factors in the diabetic mouse myocardium were determined. The screened transcription factors mediating MIF-promoted GLUT4 expression were verified by RNA interference (RNAi) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. RESULTS MIF was increased, but GLUT4 was decreased in the diabetic mouse myocardium. MIF could enhance glucose uptake and up-regulate GLUT4 expression in NMVCs. Expressions of transcription factor MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 were significantly up-regulated in MIF-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs), and markedly reduced in the diabetic myocardium. Knockdown of MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 could significantly inhibit glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, EMSA results revealed that transcriptional activities of MEF2 and Zac1 were significantly increased in MIF-treated NMVCs. AMPK signaling was activated in MIF-stimulated NMVCs, and AMPK activator AICAR could enhance MEF2A, -2C, -2D, Zac1 and GLUT4 expression. Additionally, MIF effects were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor compound C and siRNA targeting MIF receptor CD74, suggesting the involvement of CD74-dependent AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS Transcription factor MEF2 and Zac1 mediate MIF-induced GLUT4 expression through CD74-dependent AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyou Liang
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuxiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xilong Zheng
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AB, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shulin Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Yu L, Liang H, Lu Z, Zhao G, Zhai M, Yang Y, Yang J, Yi D, Chen W, Wang X, Duan W, Jin Z, Yu S. Membrane receptor-dependent Notch1/Hes1 activation by melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:420-33. [PMID: 26308963 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin confers profound protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Activation of Notch1/Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) signaling also ameliorates MI/RI. We hypothesize that melatonin attenuates MI/RI-induced oxidative damage by activating Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten)/Akt acting as the downstream signaling pathway in a melatonin membrane receptor-dependent manner. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 wk and then subjected to MI/R surgery. Melatonin significantly improved cardiac function and decreased myocardial apoptosis and oxidative damage. Furthermore, in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes, melatonin (100 μmol/L) attenuated simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SIR)-induced myocardial apoptosis and oxidative damage. Both in vivo and in vitro study demonstrated that melatonin treatment increased Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), Hes1, Bcl-2 expressions, and p-Akt/Akt ratio and decreased Pten, Bax, and caspase-3 expressions. However, these protective effects conferred by melatonin were blocked by DAPT (the specific inhibitor of Notch1 signaling), luzindole (the antagonist of melatonin membrane receptors), Notch1 siRNA, or Hes1 siRNA administration. In summary, our study demonstrates that melatonin treatment protects against MI/RI by modulating Notch1/Hes1 signaling in a receptor-dependent manner and Pten/Akt signaling pathways are key downstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guolong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengen Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dinghua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lee BS, Oh J, Kang SK, Park S, Lee SH, Choi D, Chung JH, Chung YW, Kang SM. Insulin Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Doxorubicin Toxicity by Sp1-Mediated Transactivation of Survivin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135438. [PMID: 26271039 PMCID: PMC4535909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin inhibits ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Survivin is a key regulator of anti-apoptosis against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Insulin increases survivin expression in cardiac myocytes to mediate cytoprotection. However, the mechanism by which survivin mediates the protective effect of insulin against doxorubicin-associated injury remains to be determined. In this study, we demonstrated that pretreatment of H9c2 cardiac myocytes with insulin resulted in a significant decrease in doxorubicin-induced apoptotic cell death by reducing cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Doxorubicin-induced reduction of survivin mRNA and protein levels was also significantly perturbed by insulin pretreatment. Reducing survivin expression with survivin siRNA abrogated insulin-mediated inhibition of caspase-3 activation, suggesting that insulin signals to survivin inhibited caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, pretreatment of H9c2 cells with insulin or MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited doxorubicin-induced degradation of the transcription factor Sp1. ChIP assay showed that pretreatment with insulin inhibited doxorubicin-stimulated Sp1 dissociation from the survivin promoter. Finally using pharmacological inhibitors of the PI3K pathway, we showed that insulin-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway prevented doxorubicin-induced proteasome-mediated degradation of Sp1. Taken together, insulin pretreatment confers a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting Sp1-mediated transactivation of survivin to inhibit apoptosis. Our study is the first to define a role for survivin in cellular protection by insulin against doxorubicin-associated injury and show that Sp1 is a critical factor in the transcriptional regulation of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Seob Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ku Kang
- Avon Old Farms School, Avon, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sungha Park
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (YWC)
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (YWC)
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Kana K, Song H, Laschinger C, Zandstra PW, Radisic M. PI3K Phosphorylation Is Linked to Improved Electrical Excitability in an In Vitro Engineered Heart Tissue Disease Model System. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2379-89. [PMID: 26120935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction, a prevalent cardiovascular disease, is associated with cardiomyocyte cell death, and eventually heart failure. Cardiac tissue engineering has provided hopes for alternative treatment options, and high-fidelity tissue models for drug discovery. The signal transduction mechanisms relayed in response to mechanoelectrical (physical) stimulation or biochemical stimulation (hormones, cytokines, or drugs) in engineered heart tissues (EHTs) are poorly understood. In this study, an EHT model was used to elucidate the signaling mechanisms involved when insulin was applied in the presence of electrical stimulation, a stimulus that mimics functional heart tissue environment in vitro. EHTs were insulin treated, electrically stimulated, or applied in combination (insulin and electrical stimulation). Electrical excitability parameters (excitation threshold and maximum capture rate) were measured. Protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation revealed that insulin and electrical stimulation relayed electrical excitability through two separate signaling cascades, while there was a negative crosstalk between sustained activation of AKT and PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kujaany Kana
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , Toronto, Canada
| | - Hannah Song
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , Toronto, Canada
| | - Carol Laschinger
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , Toronto, Canada .,3 Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence , Toronto, Canada .,4 McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , Toronto, Canada .,2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Canada .,3 Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence , Toronto, Canada
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Kang JH, Lee HS, Kang YW, Cho KH. Systems biological approaches to the cardiac signaling network. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:419-28. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Shi YF, Liu N, Li YX, Song CL, Song XJ, Zhao Z, Liu B. Insulin protects H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury through upregulation of microRNA-210. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1147-55. [PMID: 25968948 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin protects cardiomyocytes from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis after ischemic/reperfusion injury, but the mechanism is not clear. This study investigated the protective mechanism of insulin in preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis from ROS injury. METHODS Rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or insulin at various concentrations for various periods of time, or with insulin and H2O2 for various periods of time. Cell viability was measured by the methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. Cellular miR-210 levels were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. MiR-210 expression was also manipulated through lentivirus-mediated transfection. LY294002 was used to investigate involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. RESULTS The percentage of viable cells was significantly and inversely associated with H2O2 concentration, an effect that was seemingly attenuated by insulin pretreatment. Treatments with H2O2 or insulin were associated with a significant increase in miR-210 levels. Manipulation of miR-210 expression by gene transfection showed that miR-210 could attenuate H2O2-induced cellular injury. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by the Akt inhibitor LY294002 was associated with a decrease in miR-210 expression. CONCLUSION Insulin stimulated the expression of miR-210 through the PI3K/Akt pathway, resulting in a protective effect against cardiomyocyte injury that had been induced by H2O2/oxygen species. Our results provide novel evidence regarding the mechanism underlying the protective effect of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Ledvényiová-Farkašová V, Bernátová I, Balis P, Puzserova A, Barteková M, Gablovsky I, Ravingerová T. Effect of crowding stress on tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in young male and female hypertensive rats: molecular mechanisms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:793-802. [PMID: 26317433 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex and social stress may represent risk factors in the etiology of hypertension and heart response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) plays an important role in the processes associated with hypertension and myocardial tolerance to I/R, and may be involved in myocardial stress reaction. The impact of chronic stress on the response to I/R was investigated in the hearts of 7-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats of both sexes. Stress was induced by reducing living space to 70 cm(2)/100 g body mass of rat for 2 weeks, while the controls were kept at 200 cm(2)/100 g. Langendorff-perfused hearts, subjected to I/R, exhibited higher vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia in crowd-stressed SHR vs. the control rats, and this was more pronounced in the males. Myocardial infarction was not affected by crowding stress in any of the groups. Male and female SHR showed increased activation of cardiac Akt, whereas nitric oxide synthase activity (NOS) with pro-apoptotic signaling decreased in the males but was not altered in the females (vs. WKY rats). NOS was enhanced in the female SHR and WKY groups by comparison with the respective males. Stress only reduced NOS activity in the SHR groups, and without changes in apoptotic markers. In conclusion, we showed that stress in young SHR mainly affects the nonlethal markers for I/R, and has no impact on myocardial infarction and apoptosis, despite reduced NOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iveta Bernátová
- b Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Balis
- b Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Angelika Puzserova
- b Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Barteková
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Gablovsky
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tana Ravingerová
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis of renal cells following reperfusion: a novel in vitro model. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Xing Y, Yang D, Lu J, Dong DL. Insulin prevents bone morphogenetic protein-4 induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activating Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:605-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Yao H, Han X, Han X. The cardioprotection of the insulin-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2014; 14:433-42. [PMID: 25160498 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-014-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis occurs frequently in myocardial infarction, oxidative stress injury, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and plays a pivotal role in the development of heart diseases. Inhibition of apoptosis alone does not necessarily lead to meaningful rescue in terms of either cardiomyocyte survival or function. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by insulin not only inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis but also substantially preserves and even improves regional and overall cardiac function. Insulin can protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by regulating a number of signaling molecules, such as eNOS, FOXOs, Bad, GSK-3β, mTOR, NDRG2, and Nrf2, through activating PI3K and Akt. This review focuses on the protective mechanisms and targets of insulin identified in the prevention and treatment of myocardial injury.
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Lucas E, Jurado-Pueyo M, Fortuño MA, Fernández-Veledo S, Vila-Bedmar R, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Lazcano JJ, Gao E, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Koch WJ, Díez J, Mayor F, Murga C. Downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 levels enhances cardiac insulin sensitivity and switches on cardioprotective gene expression patterns. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2448-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Zhang R, Zhang L, Manaenko A, Ye Z, Liu W, Sun X. Helium preconditioning protects mouse liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Hepatol 2014; 61:1048-55. [PMID: 24972044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major complication of liver transplantation, hepatic resection and trauma. Helium preconditioning (HPC) exerts protection against ischemic stress. We investigated potential beneficial effects of HPC on I/R-induced liver injury and investigated mechanisms underlying HPC-induced protection. METHODS We employed a model of segmental warm hepatic I/R on BALB/c mice. Serum ALT was measured and livers were analysed by histology, RT-PCR and western blot. HPC was induced by inhalation of a 70% helium/30% oxygen mixture for three 5-min periods, interspersed with three 5-min washout periods by room air. We tested which component of HPC (the helium/air mixture inhalation, the air room gap, or the interaction between these two factors) is protective. RESULTS We found that HPC caused a significant increase in Akt phosphorylation in hepatocytes. The HPC-induced Akt phosphorylation resulted in decreased hepatocellular injury and improved survival rate of the treated animals. PI3K inhibitors abolished HPC induced effects. HPC-induced Akt phosphorylation affected expression of its downstream molecules. The effects of HPC on the PI3K/Akt pathway were attenuated by adenosine A2A receptor blockade, but could be re-established by PTEN inhibition. We demonstrated that the interaction of helium/air breathing and air gaps is responsible for the observed effects of HPC. CONCLUSIONS HPC may be a promising strategy leading to a decrease in I/R induced liver injury in clinical settings. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an essential role in the protective effects of HPC in hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Zhang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Jiang S, Zhu W, Wu J, Li C, Zhang X, Li Y, Cao K, Liu L. α-Lipoic acid protected cardiomyoblasts from the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside through ROS-mediated Akt/Gsk-3β activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1461-73. [PMID: 25193743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been long noted that cardiac cell apoptosis provoked by excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of variant cardiac diseases. Attenuation of NO-induced injury would be an alternative therapeutic approach for the development of cardiac disorders. This study investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used NO donor, in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. SNP challenge significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological abnormalities, nuclear condensation and decline of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm). These changes induced by SNP were significantly attenuated by LA pretreatment. Furthermore, LA pretreatment prevented the SNP-triggered suppression of Akt and Gsk-3β activation. Blockade of Akt activation with triciribin (API) completely abolished the cytoprotection of LA against SNP challenge. In addition, LA moderately increased intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, inhibition of ROS with N-acetylcysteine abrogated Akt/Gsk-3β activation and the LA-induced cytoprotection following SNP stimulation. Taken together, the results indicate that LA protected the SNP-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells through, at least in part, the activation of Akt/Gsk-3β signaling in a ROS-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weina Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kejiang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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