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Lymperopoulos A. Clinical pharmacology of cardiac cyclic AMP in human heart failure: too much or too little? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:623-630. [PMID: 37403791 PMCID: PMC10529896 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major signaling hub in cardiac physiology. Although cAMP signaling has been extensively studied in cardiac cells and animal models of heart failure (HF), not much is known about its actual amount present inside human failing or non-failing cardiomyocytes. Since many drugs used in HF work via cAMP, it is crucial to determine the status of its intracellular levels in failing vs. normal human hearts. AREAS COVERED Only studies performed on explanted/excised cardiac tissues from patients were examined. Studies that contained no data from human hearts or no data on cAMP levels per se were excluded from this perspective's analysis. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no consensus on the status of cAMP levels in human failing vs. non-failing hearts. Several studies on animal models may suggest maladaptive (e.g. pro-apoptotic) effects of cAMP on HF, advocating for cAMP lowering for therapy, but human studies almost universally indicate that myocardial cAMP levels are deficient in human failing hearts. It is the expert opinion of this perspective that intracellular cAMP levels are too low in human failing hearts, contributing to the disease. Strategies to increase (restore), not decrease, these levels should be pursued in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Fu J, Li L, Chen L, Su C, Feng X, Huang K, Zhang L, Yang X, Fu Q. PGE2 protects against heart failure through inhibiting TGF-β1 synthesis in cardiomyocytes and crosstalk between TGF-β1 and GRK2. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:63-77. [PMID: 35934102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the development of heart failure. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of the inflammatory process in the cardiovascular system. However, the role of PGE2 in heart failure is complex and controversial. A recent report suggested that PGE2 inhibits acute β adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation-enhanced cardiac contractility. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of PGE2 on chronic β-AR stimulation-induced heart failure. Male C57BL/6 J mice received isoproterenol (ISO) or vehicle for 4 weeks. PGE2 significantly reversed ISO-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and remodeling. Mechanically, ventricular myocytes were found to be an important source of TGF-β1 in ISO-model and PGE2 ablated TGF-β1 synthesis in cardiomyocytes through inhibition of β-AR activated PKA-CREB signaling. Furthermore, PGE2 significantly suppressed TGF-β1-GRK2 crosstalk-induced pro-hypertrophy and pro-fibrotic signaling in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 also attenuated contractile dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in ISO-model. These studies elucidate a novel mechanism by which PGE2 reduces TGF-β1 synthesis and its downstream signaling in heart failure and identify PGE2 or TGF-β1-GRK2 crosstalk as plausible therapeutic targets for preventing or treating heart failure induced by chronic β-AR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Congping Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xiuling Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Laxi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Wenchang People's Hospital, Wenchang 571300, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Ferrero KM, Koch WJ. GRK2 in cardiovascular disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:14-23. [PMID: 35878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death globally. Despite major advances in the field of pharmacological CVD treatments, particularly in the field of heart failure (HF) research, case numbers and overall mortality remain high and have trended upwards over the last few years. Thus, identifying novel molecular targets for developing HF therapeutics remains a key research focus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical myocardial signal transducers which regulate cardiac contractility, growth, adaptation and metabolism. Additionally, GPCR dysregulation underlies multiple models of cardiac pathology, and most pharmacological therapeutics currently used in HF target these receptors. Currently-approved treatments have improved patient outcomes, but therapies to stop or reverse HF are lacking. A recent focus on GPCR intracellular-regulating proteins such as GPCR kinases (GRKs) has uncovered GRK2 as a promising target for combating HF. Current literature strongly establishes increased levels and activity of GRK2 in multiple models of CVD. Additionally, the GRK2 interactome includes numerous proteins which interact with differential domains of GRK2 to modulate both beneficial and deleterious signaling pathways in the heart, indicating that these domains can be targeted with a high level of specificity unique to various cardiac pathologies. These data support the premise that GRK2 should be at the forefront of a novel investigative drug search. This perspective reviews cardiac GPCRs, describes the structure and functions of GRK2 in cardiac function and maladaptive pathology, and summarizes the ongoing and future research for targeting this critical kinase across cellular, animal and human models of cardiac dysfunction and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ferrero
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Maning J, Desimine VL, Pollard CM, Ghandour J, Lymperopoulos A. Carvedilol Selectively Stimulates βArrestin2-Dependent SERCA2a Activity in Cardiomyocytes to Augment Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911315. [PMID: 36232617 PMCID: PMC9570329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) carries the highest mortality in the western world and β-blockers [β-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonists] are part of the cornerstone pharmacotherapy for post-myocardial infarction (MI) chronic HF. Cardiac β1AR-activated βarrestin2, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) adapter protein, promotes Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-ylation and activity, thereby directly increasing cardiac contractility. Given that certain β-blockers, such as carvedilol and metoprolol, can activate βarrestins and/or SERCA2a in the heart, we investigated the effects of these two agents on cardiac βarrestin2-dependent SERCA2a SUMOylation and activity. We found that carvedilol, but not metoprolol, acutely induces βarrestin2 interaction with SERCA2a in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), resulting in enhanced SERCA2a SUMOylation. However, this translates into enhanced SERCA2a activity only in the presence of the β2AR-selective inverse agonist ICI 118,551 (ICI), indicating an opposing effect of carvedilol-occupied β2AR subtype on carvedilol-occupied β1AR-stimulated, βarrestin2-dependent SERCA2a activation. In addition, the amplitude of fractional shortening of NRVMs, transfected to overexpress βarrestin2, is acutely enhanced by carvedilol, again in the presence of ICI only. In contrast, metoprolol was without effect on NRVMs’ shortening amplitude irrespective of ICI co-treatment. Importantly, the pro-contractile effect of carvedilol was also observed in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived cardiac myocytes (CMs) overexpressing βarrestin2, and, in fact, it was present even without concomitant ICI treatment of human CMs. Metoprolol with or without concomitant ICI did not affect contractility of human CMs, either. In conclusion, carvedilol, but not metoprolol, stimulates βarrestin2-mediated SERCA2a SUMOylation and activity through the β1AR in cardiac myocytes, translating into direct positive inotropy. However, this unique βarrestin2-dependent pro-contractile effect of carvedilol may be opposed or masked by carvedilol-bound β2AR subtype signaling.
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Borges JI, Ferraino KE, Cora N, Nagliya D, Suster MS, Carbone AM, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Failing Heart: A Long-distance, Yet Intimate Affair. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:386-392. [PMID: 34983911 PMCID: PMC9294064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Systolic heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in cardiac function and still remains the disease with the highest mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Chronic human HF is characterized by several important neurohormonal perturbations, emanating from both the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands. Circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and aldosterone elevations are among the salient alterations that confer significant hormonal burden on the already compromised function of the failing heart. This is why sympatholytic treatments (such as β-blockers) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which block the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone on the failing heart, are part of the mainstay HF pharmacotherapy presently. The adrenal gland plays an important role in the modulation of cardiac neurohormonal stress because it is the source of almost all aldosterone, of all epinephrine, and of a significant amount of norepinephrine reaching the failing myocardium from the blood circulation. Synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenals is tightly regulated by adrenal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors. In this review, we discuss important aspects of adrenal GPCR signaling and regulation, as they pertain to modulation of cardiac function in the context of chronic HF, by focusing on the 2 best studied adrenal GPCR types in that context, adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors (AT 1 Rs). Particular emphasis is given to findings from the past decade and a half that highlight the emerging roles of the GPCR-kinases and the β-arrestins in the adrenals, 2 protein families that regulate the signaling and functioning of GPCRs in all tissues, including the myocardium and the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I. Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Deepika Nagliya
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S. Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Sex/Gender- and Age-Related Differences in β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154280. [PMID: 35893368 PMCID: PMC9330499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often recognized from experimental and clinical studies examining the prevalence, manifestations, and response to therapies. Compared to age-matched men, women tend to have reduced CV risk and a better prognosis in the premenopausal period. However, with menopause, this risk increases exponentially, surpassing that of men. Although several mechanisms have been provided, including sex hormones, an emerging role in these sex differences has been suggested for β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling. Importantly, β-ARs are the most important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in almost all the cell types of the CV system, and involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Consistent with their role, for decades, βARs have been considered the first targets for rational drug design to fight CVDs. Of note, β-ARs are seemingly associated with different CV outcomes in females compared with males. In addition, even if there is a critical inverse correlation between β-AR responsiveness and aging, it has been reported that gender is crucially involved in this age-related effect. This review will discuss how β-ARs impact the CV risk and response to anti-CVD therapies, also concerning sex and age. Further, we will explore how estrogens impact β-AR signaling in women.
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Zhai R, Snyder J, Montgomery S, Sato PY. Double life: How GRK2 and β-arrestin signaling participate in diseases. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110333. [PMID: 35430346 PMCID: PMC9929935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins play key roles in GPCR and non-GPCR cellular responses. In fact, GRKs and arrestins are involved in a plethora of pathways vital for physiological maintenance of inter- and intracellular communication. Here we review decades of research literature spanning from the discovery, identification of key structural elements, and findings supporting the diverse roles of these proteins in GPCR-mediated pathways. We then describe how GRK2 and β-arrestins partake in non-GPCR signaling and briefly summarize their involvement in various pathologies. We conclude by presenting gaps in knowledge and our prospective on the promising pharmacological potential in targeting these proteins and/or downstream signaling. Future research is warranted and paramount for untangling these novel and promising roles for GRK2 and arrestins in metabolism and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Priscila Y. Sato
- Corresponding author at: Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 245 N 15th Street, NCB 8152, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. (P.Y. Sato)
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Enhanced NCLX-dependent mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux attenuates pathological remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:52-66. [PMID: 35358843 PMCID: PMC9107512 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake couples changes in cardiomyocyte energetic demand to mitochondrial ATP production. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake triggers permeability transition and necrosis. Despite these established roles during acute stress, the involvement of mCa2+ signaling in cardiac adaptations to chronic stress remains poorly defined. Changes in NCLX expression are reported in heart failure (HF) patients and models of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we hypothesized that altered mCa2+ homeostasis contributes to the hypertrophic remodeling of the myocardium that occurs upon a sustained increase in cardiac workload. The impact of mCa2+ flux on cardiac function and remodeling was examined by subjecting mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression (OE) of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the primary mediator of mCa2+ efflux, to several well-established models of hypertrophic and non-ischemic HF. Cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE preserved contractile function, prevented hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuated maladaptive gene programs in mice subjected to chronic pressure overload. Hypertrophy was attenuated in NCLX-OE mice, prior to any decline in cardiac contractility. NCLX-OE similarly attenuated deleterious cardiac remodeling in mice subjected to chronic neurohormonal stimulation. However, cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE unexpectedly reduced overall survival in mice subjected to severe neurohormonal stress with angiotensin II + phenylephrine. Adenoviral NCLX expression limited mCa2+ accumulation, oxidative metabolism, and de novo protein synthesis during hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Our findings provide genetic evidence for the contribution of mCa2+ to early pathological remodeling in non-ischemic heart disease, but also highlight a deleterious consequence of increasing mCa2+ efflux when the heart is subjected to extreme, sustained neurohormonal stress.
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Abd Alla J, Quitterer U. The RAF Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP): Good as Tumour Suppressor, Bad for the Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040654. [PMID: 35203304 PMCID: PMC8869954 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAF kinase inhibitor protein, RKIP, is a dual inhibitor of the RAF1 kinase and the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, GRK2. By inhibition of the RAF1-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, RKIP acts as a beneficial tumour suppressor. By inhibition of GRK2, RKIP counteracts GRK2-mediated desensitisation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling. GRK2 inhibition is considered to be cardioprotective under conditions of exaggerated GRK2 activity such as heart failure. However, cardioprotective GRK2 inhibition and pro-survival RAF1-MAPK pathway inhibition counteract each other, because inhibition of the pro-survival RAF1-MAPK cascade is detrimental for the heart. Therefore, the question arises, what is the net effect of these apparently divergent functions of RKIP in vivo? The available data show that, on one hand, GRK2 inhibition promotes cardioprotective signalling in isolated cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, inhibition of the pro-survival RAF1-MAPK pathway by RKIP deteriorates cardiomyocyte viability. In agreement with cardiotoxic effects, endogenous RKIP promotes cardiac fibrosis under conditions of cardiac stress, and transgenic RKIP induces heart dysfunction. Supported by next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of the RKIP-induced cardiac transcriptome, this review provides an overview of different RKIP functions and explains how beneficial GRK2 inhibition can go awry by RAF1-MAPK pathway inhibition. Based on RKIP studies, requirements for the development of a cardioprotective GRK2 inhibitor are deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Abd Alla
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ursula Quitterer
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-632-9801
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Kuzmin VS, Ivanova AD, Potekhina VM, Samoilova DV, Ushenin KS, Shvetsova AA, Petrov AM. The susceptibility of the rat pulmonary and caval vein myocardium to the catecholamine-induced ectopy changes oppositely in postnatal development. J Physiol 2021; 599:2803-2821. [PMID: 33823063 DOI: 10.1113/jp280485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The developmental changes of the caval (SVC) and pulmonary vein (PV) myocardium electrophysiology are traced throughout postnatal ontogenesis. The myocardium in SVC as well as in PV demonstrate age-dependent differences in the ability to maintain resting membrane potential, to manifest automaticity in a form of ectopic action potentials in basal condition and in responses to the adrenergic stimulation. Electrophysiological characteristics of two distinct types of thoracic vein myocardium change in an opposite manner during early postnatal ontogenesis with increased proarrhythmicity of pulmonary and decreased automaticity in caval veins. Predisposition of PV cardiac tissue to proarrhythmycity develops during ontogenesis in time correlation with the establishment of sympathetic innervation of the tissue. The electrophysiological properties of caval vein cardiac tissue shift from a pacemaker-like phenotype to atrial phenotype in accompaniment with sympathetic nerve growth and adrenergic receptor expression changes. ABSTRACT The thoracic vein myocardium is considered as a main source for atrial fibrillation initiation due to its high susceptibility to ectopic activity. The mechanism by which and when pulmonary (PV) and superior vena cava (SVC) became proarrhythmic during postnatal ontogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we traced postnatal changes of electrophysiology in a correlation with the sympathetic innervation and adrenergic receptor distribution to reveal developmental differences in proarrhythmicity occurrence in PV and SVC myocardium. A standard microelectrode technique was used to assess the changes in ability to maintain resting membrane potential (RMP), generate spontaneous action potentials (SAP) and adrenergically induced ectopy in multicellular SVC and PV preparations of rats of different postnatal ages. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to trace postnatal changes in sympathetic innervation, β1- and α1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) distribution. We revealed that the ability to generate SAP and susceptibility to adrenergic stimulation changes during postnatal ontogenesis in an opposite manner in PV and SVC myocardium. While SAP occurrence decreases with age in SVC myocardium, it significantly increases in PV cardiac tissue. PV myocardium starts to demonstrate RMP instability and proarrhythmic activity from the 14th day of postnatal life which correlates with the appearance of the sympathetic innervation of the thoracic veins. In addition, postnatal attenuation of SVC myocardium automaticity occurs concomitantly with sympathetic innervation establishment and increase in β1-ARs, but not α1A-AR levels. Our results support the contention that SVC and PV myocardium electrophysiology change during postnatal development, resulting in higher PV proarrhythmicity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, Butlerova st. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia.,Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', P. O. Box 30, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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Lymperopoulos A, Cora N, Maning J, Brill AR, Sizova A. Signaling and function of cardiac autonomic nervous system receptors: Insights from the GPCR signalling universe. FEBS J 2021; 288:2645-2659. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Ava R. Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
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12
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Why Do We Not Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Heart Failure Management: Might GRK2 Serve as a New Biomarker? Cells 2021; 10:cells10020457. [PMID: 33669936 PMCID: PMC7924864 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents the end-stage condition of several structural and functional cardiovascular diseases, characterized by reduced myocardial pump function and increased pressure load. The dysregulation of neurohormonal systems, especially the hyperactivity of the cardiac adrenergic nervous system (ANS), constitutes a hallmark of HF and exerts a pivotal role in its progression. Indeed, it negatively affects patients’ prognosis, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, with a tremendous burden on global healthcare systems. To date, all the techniques proposed to assess the cardiac sympathetic nervous system are burdened by intrinsic limits that hinder their implementation in clinical practice. Several biomarkers related to ANS activity, which may potentially support the clinical management of such a complex syndrome, are slow to be implemented in the routine practice for several limitations due to their assessment and clinical impact. Lymphocyte G-protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) levels reflect myocardial β-adrenergic receptor function in HF and have been shown to add independent prognostic information related to ANS overdrive. In the present manuscript, we provide an overview of the techniques currently available to evaluate cardiac ANS in HF and future perspectives in this field of relevant scientific and clinical interest.
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13
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De Jong KA, Nikolaev VO. Multifaceted remodelling of cAMP microdomains driven by different aetiologies of heart failure. FEBS J 2021; 288:6603-6622. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie A. De Jong
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
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14
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Xu B, Li M, Wang Y, Zhao M, Morotti S, Shi Q, Wang Q, Barbagallo F, Teoh JP, Reddy GR, Bayne EF, Liu Y, Shen A, Puglisi JL, Ge Y, Li J, Grandi E, Nieves-Cintron M, Xiang YK. GRK5 Controls SAP97-Dependent Cardiotoxic β 1 Adrenergic Receptor-CaMKII Signaling in Heart Failure. Circ Res 2020; 127:796-810. [PMID: 32507058 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiotoxic β1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR)-CaMKII (calmodulin-dependent kinase II) signaling is a major and critical feature associated with development of heart failure. SAP97 (synapse-associated protein 97) is a multifunctional scaffold protein that binds directly to the C-terminus of β1AR and organizes a receptor signalosome. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the dynamics of β1AR-SAP97 signalosome and its potential role in chronic cardiotoxic β1AR-CaMKII signaling that contributes to development of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The integrity of cardiac β1AR-SAP97 complex was examined in heart failure. Cardiac-specific deletion of SAP97 was developed to examine β1AR signaling in aging mice, after chronic adrenergic stimulation, and in pressure overload hypertrophic heart failure. We show that the β1AR-SAP97 signaling complex is reduced in heart failure. Cardiac-specific deletion of SAP97 yields an aging-dependent cardiomyopathy and exacerbates cardiac dysfunction induced by chronic adrenergic stimulation and pressure overload, which are associated with elevated CaMKII activity. Loss of SAP97 promotes PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent association of β1AR with arrestin2 and CaMKII and turns on an Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)-dependent activation of CaMKII, which drives detrimental functional and structural remodeling in myocardium. Moreover, we have identified that GRK5 (G-protein receptor kinase-5) is necessary to promote agonist-induced dissociation of SAP97 from β1AR. Cardiac deletion of GRK5 prevents adrenergic-induced dissociation of β1AR-SAP97 complex and increases in CaMKII activity in hearts. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a critical role of SAP97 in maintaining the integrity of cardiac β1AR signaling and a detrimental cardiac GRK5-CaMKII axis that can be potentially targeted in heart failure therapy. Graphical Abstract: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- From the VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA (B.X., Y.K.X.).,Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.).,Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (M.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Meimi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.).,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China (Q.W.)
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Jian-Peng Teoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Elizabeth F Bayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.F.B., Y.G.)
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.).,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, China (Y.L.)
| | - Ao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.).,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (A.S.)
| | - Jose L Puglisi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.F.B., Y.G.)
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.L.)
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Madeline Nieves-Cintron
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
| | - Yang K Xiang
- From the VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA (B.X., Y.K.X.).,Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (B.X., M.L., Y.W., M.Z., S.M., Q.S., Q.W., F.B., J.-P.T., G.R.R., Y.L., A.S., J.L.P., E.G., M.N.-C., Y.K.X.)
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15
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Toni LS, Carroll IA, Jones KL, Schwisow JA, Minobe WA, Rodriguez EM, Altman NL, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Buttrick PM, Kao DP, Bristow MR. Sequential analysis of myocardial gene expression with phenotypic change: Use of cross-platform concordance to strengthen biologic relevance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221519. [PMID: 31469842 PMCID: PMC6716635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the biologic relevance of cross-platform concordant changes in gene expression in intact human failing/hypertrophied ventricular myocardium undergoing reverse remodeling. Background Information is lacking on genes and networks involved in remodeled human LVs, and in the associated investigative best practices. Methods We measured mRNA expression in ventricular septal endomyocardial biopsies from 47 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients, at baseline and after 3–12 months of β-blocker treatment to effect left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling as measured by ejection fraction (LVEF). Cross-platform gene expression change concordance was investigated in reverse remodeling Responders (R) and Nonresponders (NR) using 3 platforms (RT-qPCR, microarray, and RNA-Seq) and two cohorts (All 47 subjects (A-S) and a 12 patient “Super-Responder” (S-R) subset of A-S). Results For 50 prespecified candidate genes, in A-S mRNA expression 2 platform concordance (CcpT), but not single platform change, was directly related to reverse remodeling, indicating CcpT has biologic significance. Candidate genes yielded a CcpT (PCR/microarray) of 62% for Responder vs. Nonresponder (R/NR) change from baseline analysis in A-S, and ranged from 38% to 100% in S-R for PCR/microarray/RNA-Seq 2 platform comparisons. Global gene CcpT measured by microarray/RNA-Seq was less than for candidate genes, in S-R R/NR 17.5% vs. 38% (P = 0.036). For S-R global gene expression changes, both cross-cohort concordance (CccT) and CcpT yielded markedly greater values for an R/NR vs. an R-only analysis (by 22 fold for CccT and 7 fold for CcpT). Pathway analysis of concordant global changes for R/NR in S-R revealed signals for downregulation of multiple phosphoinositide canonical pathways, plus expected evidence of a β1-adrenergic receptor gene network including enhanced Ca2+ signaling. Conclusions Two-platform concordant change in candidate gene expression is associated with LV biologic effects, and global expression concordant changes are best identified in an R/NR design that can yield novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S Toni
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ian A Carroll
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,ARCA biopharma, Westminster, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Schwisow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Wayne A Minobe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute Pharmacogenomics, Boulder and Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Erin M Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Natasha L Altman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute Pharmacogenomics, Boulder and Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brian D Lowes
- Division of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Edward M Gilbert
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Peter M Buttrick
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute Pharmacogenomics, Boulder and Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David P Kao
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute Pharmacogenomics, Boulder and Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.,ARCA biopharma, Westminster, Colorado, United States of America.,University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute Pharmacogenomics, Boulder and Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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16
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Nash CA, Wei W, Irannejad R, Smrcka AV. Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy. eLife 2019; 8:48167. [PMID: 31433293 PMCID: PMC6726460 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adrenergic tone resulting from cardiovascular stress leads to development of heart failure, in part, through chronic stimulation of β1 adrenergic receptors (βARs) on cardiac myocytes. Blocking these receptors is part of the basis for β-blocker therapy for heart failure. Recent data demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including βARs, are activated intracellularly, although the biological significance is unclear. Here we investigated the functional role of Golgi βARs in rat cardiac myocytes and found they activate Golgi localized, prohypertrophic, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, that is not accessed by cell surface βAR stimulation. This pathway is accessed by the physiological neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) via an Oct3 organic cation transporter. Blockade of Oct3 or specific blockade of Golgi resident β1ARs prevents NE dependent cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. This clearly defines a pathway activated by internal GPCRs in a biologically relevant cell type and has implications for development of more efficacious β-blocker therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Nash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Wenhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
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17
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Bencivenga L, Liccardo D, Napolitano C, Visaggi L, Rengo G, Leosco D. β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling and Heart Failure: From Bench to Bedside. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:409-419. [PMID: 31079699 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in management and therapeutic approach in the last decades, heart failure is still associated with high mortality rates. The sustained enhancement in the sympathetic nervous system tone, observed in patients with heart failure, causes alteration in β-adrenergic receptor signaling and function. This latter phenomenon is the result of several heart failure-related molecular abnormalities involving adrenergic receptors, G-protein-coupled receptor kinases, and β-arrestins. This article summarizes novel encouraging preclinical strategies to reactivate β-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure, including pharmacologic and gene therapy approaches, and attempts to translate acquired notions into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmen Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lucia Visaggi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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18
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Woodall BP, Gresham KS, Woodall MA, Valenti MC, Cannavo A, Pfleger J, Chuprun JK, Drosatos K, Koch WJ. Alteration of myocardial GRK2 produces a global metabolic phenotype. JCI Insight 2019; 5:123848. [PMID: 30946029 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast body of literature has established GRK2 as a key player in the development and progression of heart failure. Inhibition of GRK2 improves cardiac function post injury in numerous animal models. In recent years, discovery of several non-canonical GRK2 targets has expanded our view of this kinase. Here, we describe the novel and exciting finding that cardiac GRK2 activity can regulate whole body metabolism. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of a peptide inhibitor of GRK2 (TgβARKct) display an enhanced obesogenic phenotype when fed a high fat diet (HFD). In contrast, mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of GRK2 (TgGRK2) show resistance to HFD induced obesity. White adipose tissue (WAT) mass was significantly enhanced in HFD fed TgβARKct mice. Furthermore, regulators of adipose differentiation were differentially regulated in WAT from mice with gain or loss of GRK2 function. Using complex metabolomics we found that cardiac GRK2 signaling altered myocardial BCAA and endocannabinoid metabolism and modulated circulating BCAA and endocannabinoid metabolite profiles on a HFD, and one of the BCAA metabolites identified here enhances adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that metabolic changes in the heart due to GRK2 signaling on a HFD control whole body metabolism.
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19
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Rodriguez-Serrano M, Rueda J, Buendía F, Monto F, Aguero J, Osa A, Cano O, Martínez-Dolz L, D'Ocon P. β2-Adrenoceptors and GRK2 as Potential Biomarkers in Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30837872 PMCID: PMC6390728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) is a frequent complication after repair of congenital heart disease. Three different GRK isoforms (GRK2, GRK5, and GRK3) and two β-adrenoceptors (β1-AR and β2-AR) are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their expression changes as a consequence of the hemodynamic and neurohumoral alterations that occur in some cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they could be useful as biomarkers in PR. A prospective study was conducted to describe the expression (TaqMan Gene Expression Assays) of β-ARs and GRKs in PBMC isolated (Ficoll® gradient) from patients with severe PR before and after pulmonary valve replacement and establish if this expression correlates to clinical status. 23 patients with severe PR were included and compared with 22 healthy volunteers (controls). PR patients before the PVR had a significantly lower expression of β2-AR (513.8 ± 261.2 mRNA copies) vs. controls (812.5 ± 497.2 mRNA copies), so as GRK2 expression (503.4 ± 364.9 copies vs. 858.1 ± 380.3 mRNA copies). The expression of β2-AR and GRK2 significantly decreases in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, as well as in patients under treatment with beta-blockers and non-treated patients. The expression of β2-AR and GRK2 in PR patients recovers the normal values after pulmonary valve replacement (754,8 ± 77,1 and 897,8 ± 87,4 copies, respectively). Therefore, changes in the expression of β2-AR and GRK2 in PBMC of PR patients, could be considered as potential biomarkers to determine clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín Rueda
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Buendía
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fermi Monto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Aguero
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osa
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Cano
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar D'Ocon
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Yu SMW, Jean-Charles PY, Abraham DM, Kaur S, Gareri C, Mao L, Rockman HA, Shenoy SK. The deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 20 is a positive modulator of myocardial β 1-adrenergic receptor expression and signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2500-2518. [PMID: 30538132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible ubiquitination of G protein-coupled receptors regulates their trafficking and signaling; whether deubiquitinases regulate myocardial β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) is unknown. We report that ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) deubiquitinates and attenuates lysosomal trafficking of the β1AR. β1AR-induced phosphorylation of USP20 Ser-333 by protein kinase A-α (PKAα) was required for optimal USP20-mediated regulation of β1AR lysosomal trafficking. Both phosphomimetic (S333D) and phosphorylation-impaired (S333A) USP20 possess intrinsic deubiquitinase activity equivalent to WT activity. However, unlike USP20 WT and S333D, the S333A mutant associated poorly with the β1AR and failed to deubiquitinate the β1AR. USP20-KO mice showed normal baseline systolic function but impaired β1AR-induced contractility and relaxation. Dobutamine stimulation did not increase cAMP in USP20-KO left ventricles (LVs), whereas NKH477-induced adenylyl cyclase activity was equivalent to WT. The USP20 homolog USP33, which shares redundant roles with USP20, had no effect on β1AR ubiquitination, but USP33 was up-regulated in USP20-KO hearts suggesting compensatory regulation. Myocardial β1AR expression in USP20-KO was drastically reduced, whereas β2AR expression was maintained as determined by radioligand binding in LV sarcolemmal membranes. Phospho-USP20 was significantly increased in LVs of wildtype (WT) mice after a 1-week catecholamine infusion and a 2-week chronic pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Phospho-USP20 was undetectable in β1AR KO mice subjected to TAC, suggesting a role for USP20 phosphorylation in cardiac response to pressure overload. We conclude that USP20 regulates β1AR signaling in vitro and in vivo Additionally, β1AR-induced USP20 phosphorylation may serve as a feed-forward mechanism to stabilize β1AR expression and signaling during pathological insults to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Pierre-Yves Jean-Charles
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Suneet Kaur
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Clarice Gareri
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Howard A Rockman
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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21
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Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W, Kurose H. Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Heart Failure: Focus on GRKs and β-Arrestins Affecting βAR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1336. [PMID: 30538631 PMCID: PMC6277550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a heart disease that is classified into two main types: HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Both types of HF lead to significant risk of mortality and morbidity. Pharmacological treatment with β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonists (also called β-blockers) has been shown to reduce the overall hospitalization and mortality rates and improve the clinical outcomes in HF patients with HFrEF but not HFpEF. Although, the survival rate of patients suffering from HF continues to drop, the management of HF still faces several limitations and discrepancies highlighting the need to develop new treatment strategies. Overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is an adaptive neurohormonal response to acute myocardial injury and heart damage, whereas prolonged exposure to catecholamines causes defects in βAR regulation, including a reduction in the amount of βARs and an increase in βAR desensitization due to the upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in the heart, contributing in turn to the progression of HF. Several studies show that myocardial GRK2 activity and expression are raised in the failing heart. Furthermore, β-arrestins play a pivotal role in βAR desensitization and, interestingly, can mediate their own signal transduction without any G protein-dependent pathway involved. In this review, we provide new insight into the role of GRKs and β-arrestins on how they affect βAR signaling regarding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of HF. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting GRKs and β-arrestins for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yuan YH, Zheng XM, He XH, Liu LP, Xu W, Xia XH, Luo JH, Lyu M, Zhu QL, Wang S, Wu S. [Establishment of cardiac remodeling model in FVB/N mice by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:508-513. [PMID: 29972128 PMCID: PMC7389954 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac remodeling in FVB/N mice. METHODS Forty-eight FVB/N mice were divided into back subcutaneous saline group (subcutaneous saline group), intraperitoneal saline group, back subcutaneous ISO group (subcutaneous ISO group), and intraperitoneal ISO group according to the route of administration of saline or ISO. ISO (30 μg/g body weight/day) was given to the subcutaneous ISO group and the intraperitoneal ISO group, twice daily with an interval of 12 hours, for 14 consecutive days. The subcutaneous saline group and the intraperitoneal saline group were injected with an equal volume of saline. The left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness was measured by echocardiography, and the ratio of heart weight to tibia length was determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the myocardial fiber diameter. Picric-sirius red staining was used to determine the myocardial collagen deposition area. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of collagen I. RESULTS Compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups, the intraperitoneal ISO group had increased sizes of the cardiac cavity and the heart. Compared with the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups, the subcutaneous ISO group showed no significant changes in the gross morphology of the cardiac cavity and the heart. The intraperitoneal ISO group showed significant increases in the ratio of heart weight to tibia length, myocardial fiber diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, myocardial collagen area percentage, and the mRNA expression of collagen I compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the above five indices between the subcutaneous ISO group and the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups (P>0.05). No significant difference in the mortality rate was found between the subcutaneous ISO and intraperitoneal ISO groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal injection of ISO can induce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in FVB/N mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China.
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23
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are classically known for their role in regulating the activity of the largest known class of membrane receptors, which influence diverse biological processes in every cell type in the human body. As researchers have tried to uncover how this family of kinases, containing only 7 members, achieves selective and coordinated control of receptors, they have uncovered a growing number of noncanonical activities for these kinases. These activities include phosphorylation of nonreceptor targets and kinase-independent molecular interactions. In particular, GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 are the predominant members expressed in the heart. Their canonical and noncanonical actions within cardiac and other tissues have significant implications for cardiovascular function in healthy animals and for the development and progression of disease. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the activity of these kinases, and particularly the role of GRK2 and GRK5 in the molecular alterations that occur during heart failure. This review further highlights areas of GRK regulation that remain poorly understood and how they may represent novel targets for therapeutic development.
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24
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Guillory AN, Clayton RP, Prasai A, El Ayadi A, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC. Biventricular differences in β-adrenergic receptor signaling following burn injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189527. [PMID: 29232706 PMCID: PMC5726759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury detrimentally affects the myocardium, primarily due to over-activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Autopsy reports from our institution reveal that patients often suffer from right ventricle (RV) failure. Since burn injury affects β-AR signaling in the left ventricle (LV), we proposed that β-AR signaling may also be altered in the RV. A rodent model with a scald burn of 60% of the total body surface area was used to test this hypothesis. Ventricles were isolated 7 days post-burn. We examined the expression of β-ARs via Western blotting and the mRNA expression of downstream signaling proteins via qRT-PCR. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were measured in membrane and cytosolic fractions, respectively, using enzyme immunoassay kits. β1-AR protein expression was significantly increased in the RV following burn injury compared to non-burned RV but not in the LV (p = 0.0022). In contrast, β2-AR expression was unaltered among the groups while Gαi expression was significantly higher in the LV post-burn (p = 0.023). B-arrestin-1 and G-protein coupled receptor kinase-2 mRNA expression were significantly increased in the left ventricle post-burn (p = 0.001, p<0.0001, respectively). cAMP production and PKA activity were significantly lower in the LV post-burn (p = 0.0063, 0.0042, respectively). These data indicate that burn injury affects the β-AR signaling pathway in the RV independently of the LV. Additionally, non-canonical β-AR signaling may be activated in the RV as cAMP production and PKA activity were unchanged despite changes in β1-AR protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Guillory
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Clayton
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David N. Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celeste C. Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Cannavo A, Komici K, Bencivenga L, D'amico ML, Gambino G, Liccardo D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. GRK2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:75-83. [PMID: 29166798 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1406925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase-2 (GRK2) is a regulator of GPCRs, in particular β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), and as demonstrated by decades of investigation, it has a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, like heart failure (HF). Indeed elevated levels and activity of this kinase are able to promote the dysfunction of both cardiac and adrenal α- and β-ARs and to dysregulate other protective signaling pathway, such as sphingosine 1-phospate and insulin. Moreover, recent discoveries suggest that GRK2 can signal independently from GPCRs, in a 'non-canonical' manner, via interaction with non-GPCR molecule or via its mitochondrial localization. Areas covered: Based on this premise, GRK2 inhibition or its genetic deletion has been tested in several disparate animal models of cardiovascular disease, showing to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Expert opinion: HF is one of the leading cause of death worldwide with enormous health care costs. For this reason, the identification of new therapeutic targets like GRK2 and strategies such as its inhibition represents a new hope in the fight against HF development and progression. Herein, we will update the readers about the 'state-of-art' of GRK2 inhibition as a potent therapeutic strategy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- a Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Loreta D'amico
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
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Roof SR, Ueyama Y, Mazhari R, Hamlin RL, Hartman JC, Ziolo MT, Reardon JE, Del Rio CL. CXL-1020, a Novel Nitroxyl (HNO) Prodrug, Is More Effective than Milrinone in Models of Diastolic Dysfunction-A Cardiovascular Therapeutic: An Efficacy and Safety Study in the Rat. Front Physiol 2017; 8:894. [PMID: 29209225 PMCID: PMC5701606 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitroxyl (HNO) prodrug, CXL-1020, induces vasorelaxation and improves cardiac function in canine models and patients with systolic heart failure (HF). HNO's unique mechanism of action may be applicable to a broader subset of cardiac patients. This study investigated the load-independent safety and efficacy of CXL-1020 in two rodent (rat) models of diastolic heart failure and explored potential drug interactions with common HF background therapies. In vivo left-ventricular hemodynamics/pressure-volume relationships assessed before/during a 30 min IV infusion of CXL-1020 demonstrated acute load-independent positive inotropic, lusitropic, and vasodilatory effects in normal rats. In rats with only diastolic dysfunction due to bilateral renal wrapping (RW) or pronounced diastolic and mild systolic dysfunction due to 4 weeks of chronic isoproterenol exposure (ISO), CXL-1020 attenuated the elevated LV filling pressures, improved the end diastolic pressure volume relationship, and accelerated relaxation. CXL-1020 facilitated Ca2+ re-uptake and enhanced myocyte relaxation in isolated cardiomyocytes from ISO rats. Compared to milrinone, CXL-1020 more effectively improved Ca2+ reuptake in ISO rats without concomitant chronotropy, and did not enhance Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels nor increase myocardial arrhythmias/ectopic activity. Acute-therapy with CXL-1020 improved ventricular relaxation and Ca2+ cycling, in the setting of chronic induced diastolic dysfunction. CXL-1020's lusitropic effects were greater than those seen with the cAMP-dependent agent milrinone, and unlike milrinone it did not produce chronotropy or increased ectopy. HNO is a promising new potential therapy for both systolic and diastolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reza Mazhari
- Cardioxyl Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Mark T Ziolo
- Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John E Reardon
- Cardioxyl Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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27
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Longobardo L, Zito C, Carerj S, Caracciolo G, Khandheria BK. Influence of Genetics and Gender in Takotsubo Syndrome: Unexplored Areas of an Incompletely Understood Disease. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/gg.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress cardiomyopathy, also known as “Takotsubo syndrome” (TS), is a complex disease that typically affects postmenopausal women. The pathophysiology is still largely unknown, but evidence of a frequent association between TS and stressful events has evoked the hypothesis of a pathophysiologic role of sympathetic overdrive in the myocardial dysfunction. However, despite several studies, the role gender plays in TS onset remains unclear because stress cardiomyopathy also has been described in young women and in men. Moreover, although several cases of a familial cluster of TS have been reported, no responsible gene mutations or polymorphisms have been clearly identified so far, and neither the modality of transmission or the true impact of genetic background. In this review, we discuss the role of gender in the onset, course, and outcomes of TS and we report the available data about polymorphisms and gene mutations so far investigated, trying to critically analyze the evidence reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Longobardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Zito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caracciolo
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bijoy K. Khandheria
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Marcus Family Fund for Echocardiography (ECHO) Research and Education, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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28
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Cipolletta E, Del Giudice C, Santulli G, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. Opposite effects of β 2-adrenoceptor gene deletion on insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:615-623. [PMID: 28684080 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM β2-Adrenoceptors (β2-ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in the major insulin target tissues. The interplay between β2-AR and insulin pathways is involved in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore the consequences of β2-ARs deletion on insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling cascade in metabolically active tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle and liver of β2-AR-null mice (β2-AR-/-) by performing in vivo (glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test) and ex vivo (glucose uptake and glycogen determination) experiments. β2-AR gene deletion is associated with hepatic insulin resistance and preserved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Importantly, we demonstrate that hepatic β2-AR regulates insulin-induced AKT activation via Grb2-mediated SRC recruitment through a Gi-independent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS β-AR stimulation contributes to the development of early stages of insulin resistance progression in the liver. Our findings indicate that the cross-talk between β2-AR and insulin signaling represents a fundamental target towards the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Genotype
- Homeostasis
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transduction, Genetic
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cipolletta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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29
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Increased Atrial β-Adrenergic Receptors and GRK-2 Gene Expression Can Play a Fundamental Role in Heart Failure After Repair of Congenital Heart Disease with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:734-745. [PMID: 28214967 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgeries to correct congenital heart diseases are increasing in Brazil and worldwide. However, even with the advances in surgical techniques and perfusion, some cases, especially the more complex ones, can develop heart failure and death. A retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for correction of congenital heart diseases with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a university tertiary-care hospital that died, showed infarction in different stages of evolution and scattered microcalcifications in the myocardium, even without coronary obstruction. CPB is a process routinely used during cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. However, CPB has been related to increased endogenous catecholamines that can lead to major injuries in cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms involved are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations induced in the β-adrenergic receptors and GRK-2 present in atrial cardiomyocytes of infants with congenital heart disease undergoing surgical repair with CPB and correlate the alterations with functional and biochemical markers of ischemia/myocardial injury. The study consisted of right atrial biopsies of infants undergoing surgical correction in HC-FMRPUSP. Thirty-three cases were selected. Atrial biopsies were obtained at the beginning of CPB (group G1) and at the end of CPB (group G2). Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to evaluate the expression of β1, β2-adrenergic receptors, and GRK-2 in atrial myocardium. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and biochemical analysis (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), lactate, and cardiac troponin I). We observed an increase in serum lactate, NT-proBNP, and troponin I at the end of CPB indicating tissue hypoxia/ischemia. Even without major clinical consequences in cardiac function, these alterations were followed by a significant increase in gene expression of β1 and β2 receptors and GRK-2, suggesting that this is one of the mechanisms responsible for the exacerbated response of cardiomyocytes to circulating catecholamines. These alterations could explain the irreversible myocardial damage and lipid peroxidation of membranes classically attributed to catecholamine excess, observed in some infants who develop heart failure and postoperative death. Although other factors may be involved, this study confirms that CPB acts as a potent inducer of increased gene expression of β- adrenergic receptors and GRK-2, making the myocardium of these infants more susceptible to the effects of circulating endogenous catecholamines, which may contribute to the development of irreversible myocardial damage and death.
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30
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Targeting GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a novel strategy for treating cardiorenal pathologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1883-1892. [PMID: 28130200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathologic crosstalk between the heart and kidney is known as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). While the specific mechanisms underlying this crosstalk remain poorly understood, CRS is associated with exacerbated dysfunction of either or both organs and reduced survival. Maladaptive fibrotic remodeling is a key component of both heart and kidney failure pathogenesis and progression. G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is a crucial regulator of cardiovascular and renal function. Chronic/pathologic GPCR signaling elicits the interaction of the G-protein Gβγ subunit with GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), targeting the receptor for internalization, scaffolding to pathologic signals, and receptor degradation. Targeting this pathologic Gβγ-GRK2 interaction has been suggested as a possible strategy for the treatment of HF. In the current review, we discuss recent updates in understanding the role of GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a crucial mediator of maladaptive organ remodeling detected in HF and kidney dysfunction, with specific attention to small molecule-mediated inhibition of pathologic Gβγ-GRK2 interactions. Further, we explore the potential of GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a possible therapeutic target for cardiorenal pathologies.
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31
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Cannavo A, Koch WJ. GRK2 as negative modulator of NO bioavailability: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Signal 2017; 41:33-40. [PMID: 28077324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), initially identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), is a gaso-transmitter with important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. In the former, this diatomic molecule and free radical gas controls vascular tone and cardiac mechanics, among others. In the cardiovascular system, it is now understood that β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation is a key modulator of NO generation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the up-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in particular GRK2, that restrains βAR activity contributes to impaired cardiovascular functions via alteration of NO bioavailability. This review, will explore the specific interrelation between βARs, GRK2 and NO in the cardiovascular system and their inter-relationship for the pathogenesis of the onset of disease. Last, we will update the readers on the current status of GRK2 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure with an emphasis on their ability of rescuing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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32
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Rorabaugh BR, Chakravarti B, Mabe NW, Seeley SL, Bui AD, Yang J, Watts SW, Neubig RR, Fisher RA. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 Protects the Heart from Ischemic Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:409-416. [PMID: 28035008 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gαi-coupled receptors play important roles in protecting the heart from ischemic injury. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins suppress Gαi signaling by accelerating the GTPase activity of Gαi subunits. However, the roles of individual RGS proteins in modulating ischemic injury are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of RGS6 deletion on myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury. Hearts from RGS6 knockout (RGS6-/-) and RGS6 wild-type (RGS6+/+) mice were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion on a Langendorff heart apparatus. Infarcts in RGS6-/- hearts were significantly larger than infarcts in RGS6+/+ hearts. RGS6-/- hearts also exhibited increased phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptors and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Mitochondrial GRK2 as well as caspase-3 cleavage were increased significantly in RGS6-/- hearts compared with RGS6+/+ hearts after ischemia. Chronic propranolol treatment of mice prevented the observed increases in ischemic injury and the GRK2 phosphorylation observed in RGS6-/- hearts. Our findings suggest that loss of RGS6 predisposes the ventricle to prodeath signaling through a β2AR-GRK2-dependent signaling mechanism, and they provide evidence for a protective role of RGS6 in the ischemic heart. Individuals expressing genetic polymorphisms that suppress the activity of RGS6 may be at increased risk of cardiac ischemic injury. Furthermore, the development of agents that increase RGS6 expression or activity might provide a novel strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Nathaniel W Mabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Albert D Bui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Jianqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
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Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic responses to a fall in cardiac output are activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). In the short term, these 'neurohormonal' systems induce a number of changes in the heart, kidneys, and vasculature that are designed to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. However, with chronic activation, these responses result in haemodynamic stress and exert deleterious effects on the heart and the circulation. Neurohormonal activation is now known to be one of the most important mechanisms underlying the progression of heart failure, and therapeutic antagonism of neurohormonal systems has become the cornerstone of contemporary pharmacotherapy for heart failure. In this Review, we discuss the effects of neurohormonal activation in HFrEF and highlight the mechanisms by which these systems contribute to disease progression.
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Woodall BP, Woodall MC, Luongo TS, Grisanti LA, Tilley DG, Elrod JW, Koch WJ. Skeletal Muscle-specific G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Ablation Alters Isolated Skeletal Muscle Mechanics and Enhances Clenbuterol-stimulated Hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21913-21924. [PMID: 27566547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GRK2, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase, plays a critical role in cardiac physiology. Adrenergic receptors are the primary target for GRK2 activity in the heart; phosphorylation by GRK2 leads to desensitization of these receptors. As such, levels of GRK2 activity in the heart directly correlate with cardiac contractile function. Furthermore, increased expression of GRK2 after cardiac insult exacerbates injury and speeds progression to heart failure. Despite the importance of this kinase in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the heart, relatively little is known about the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle function and disease. In this study we generated a novel skeletal muscle-specific GRK2 knock-out (KO) mouse (MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl) to gain a better understanding of the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle physiology. In isolated muscle mechanics testing, GRK2 ablation caused a significant decrease in the specific force of contraction of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle yet had no effect on the slow-twitch soleus muscle. Despite these effects in isolated muscle, exercise capacity was not altered in MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl mice compared with wild-type controls. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy stimulated by clenbuterol, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, was significantly enhanced in MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl mice; mechanistically, this seems to be due to increased clenbuterol-stimulated pro-hypertrophic Akt signaling in the GRK2 KO skeletal muscle. In summary, our study provides the first insights into the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle physiology and points to a role for GRK2 as a modulator of contractile properties in skeletal muscle as well as β2AR-induced hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Woodall
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Meryl C Woodall
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - John W Elrod
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
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Habecker BA, Anderson ME, Birren SJ, Fukuda K, Herring N, Hoover DB, Kanazawa H, Paterson DJ, Ripplinger CM. Molecular and cellular neurocardiology: development, and cellular and molecular adaptations to heart disease. J Physiol 2016; 594:3853-75. [PMID: 27060296 DOI: 10.1113/jp271840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and cardiovascular system develop in concert and are functionally interconnected in both health and disease. This white paper focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neural-cardiac interactions during development, during normal physiological function in the mature system, and during pathological remodelling in cardiovascular disease. The content on each subject was contributed by experts, and we hope that this will provide a useful resource for newcomers to neurocardiology as well as aficionados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Susan J Birren
- Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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Gardner RT, Ripplinger CM, Myles RC, Habecker BA. Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic Remodeling and Arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e001359. [PMID: 26810594 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Gardner
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Rachel C Myles
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Beth A Habecker
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.).
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Hullmann J, Traynham CJ, Coleman RC, Koch WJ. The expanding GRK interactome: Implications in cardiovascular disease and potential for therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:52-64. [PMID: 27180008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic with the highest degree of mortality and morbidity of any disease presently studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent regulators of cardiovascular function. Activated GPCRs are "turned off" by GPCR kinases (GRKs) in a process known as "desensitization". GRKs 2 and 5 are highly expressed in the heart, and known to be upregulated in HF. Over the last 20 years, both GRK2 and GRK5 have been demonstrated to be critical mediators of the molecular alterations that occur in the failing heart. In the present review, we will highlight recent findings that further characterize "non-canonical" GRK signaling observed in HF. Further, we will also present potential therapeutic strategies (i.e. small molecule inhibition, microRNAs, gene therapy) that may have potential in combating the deleterious effects of GRKs in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J Traynham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Ryan C Coleman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Penela P. Chapter Three - Ubiquitination and Protein Turnover of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases in GPCR Signaling and Cellular Regulation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 141:85-140. [PMID: 27378756 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for regulating a wide variety of physiological processes, and distinct mechanisms for GPCR inactivation exist to guarantee correct receptor functionality. One of the widely used mechanisms is receptor phosphorylation by specific G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), leading to uncoupling from G proteins (desensitization) and receptor internalization. GRKs and β-arrestins also participate in the assembly of receptor-associated multimolecular complexes, thus initiating alternative G-protein-independent signaling events. In addition, the abundant GRK2 kinase has diverse "effector" functions in cellular migration, proliferation, and metabolism homeostasis by means of the phosphorylation or interaction with non-GPCR partners. Altered expression of GRKs (particularly of GRK2 and GRK5) occurs during pathological conditions characterized by impaired GPCR signaling including inflammatory syndromes, cardiovascular disease, and tumor contexts. It is increasingly appreciated that different pathways governing GRK protein stability play a role in the modulation of kinase levels in normal and pathological conditions. Thus, enhanced GRK2 degradation by the proteasome pathway occurs upon GPCR stimulation, what allows cellular adaptation to chronic stimulation in a physiological setting. β-arrestins participate in this process by facilitating GRK2 phosphorylation by different kinases and by recruiting diverse E3 ubiquitin ligase to the receptor complex. Different proteolytic systems (ubiquitin-proteasome, calpains), chaperone activities and signaling pathways influence the stability of GRKs in different ways, thus endowing specificity to GPCR regulation as protein turnover of GRKs can be differentially affected. Therefore, modulation of protein stability of GRKs emerges as a versatile mechanism for feedback regulation of GPCR signaling and basic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Penela
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spain Health Research Institute The Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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Rengo G, Pagano G, Filardi PP, Femminella GD, Parisi V, Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Komici K, Gambino G, D'Amico ML, de Lucia C, Paolillo S, Trimarco B, Vitale DF, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Leosco D. Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Protein Levels in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Res 2016; 118:1116-24. [PMID: 26884616 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), yet routine assessment of sympathetic nervous system activation is not recommended for clinical practice. Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) is upregulated in HF patients, causing dysfunctional β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Importantly, myocardial GRK2 levels correlate with levels found in peripheral lymphocytes of HF patients. OBJECTIVE The independent prognostic value of blood GRK2 measurements in HF patients has never been investigated; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lymphocyte GRK2 levels predict clinical outcome in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 257 HF patients with mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 31.4±8.5%. At the time of enrollment, plasma norepinephrine, serum NT-proBNP, and lymphocyte GRK2 levels, as well as clinical and instrumental variables were measured. The prognostic value of GRK2 to predict cardiovascular (CV) death and all-cause mortality was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model including demographic, clinical, instrumental, and laboratory data. Over a mean follow-up period of 37.5±20.2 months (range, 3-60 months), there were 102 CV deaths. Age, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, and lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels were independent predictors of CV mortality in HF patients. GRK2 levels showed an additional prognostic and clinical value over demographic and clinical variables. The independent prognostic value of lymphocyte GRK2 levels was also confirmed for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels can independently predict prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rengo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Klara Komici
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Maria Loreta D'Amico
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Dino Franco Vitale
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
| | - Dario Leosco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
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40
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Abstract
Heightened cardiac adrenergic nervous system (ANS) activity and progression of left ventricular (LV) remodeling are temporally related in patients with systolic heart failure. Whether cardiac ANS activation directly contributes to or merely accompanies LV remodeling remains an unresolved issue. Human and experimental data that directly link cardiac ANS activation to LV remodeling and worsening heart failure are first reviewed, including cardiac norepinephrine spillover. Alterations of beta adrenergic receptor signaling pathways are then addressed with emphasis on the mechanisms that may mediate the beneficial effect of beta adrenergic receptor blockade on LV remodeling. Lastly, alternative approaches to beta adrenergic receptor blockade for lessening cardiac ANS activation and reversing cardiac ANS-induced LV remodeling are discussed. A large body of work now links LV remodeling to cardiac ANS activation. However, the precise mechanisms that link cardiac ANS activation to LV remodeling are still to be fully understood. Fully understanding of these mechanisms may uncover new therapeutic approaches.
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41
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Novo G, Giambanco S, Guglielmo M, Arvigo L, Sutera MR, Giambanco F, Evola S, Vaccarino L, Bova M, Lio D, Assennato P, Novo S. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 polymorphism and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 16:639-43. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sato PY, Chuprun JK, Schwartz M, Koch WJ. The evolving impact of g protein-coupled receptor kinases in cardiac health and disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:377-404. [PMID: 25834229 PMCID: PMC4551214 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important regulators of various cellular functions via activation of intracellular signaling events. Active GPCR signaling is shut down by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and subsequent β-arrestin-mediated mechanisms including phosphorylation, internalization, and either receptor degradation or resensitization. The seven-member GRK family varies in their structural composition, cellular localization, function, and mechanism of action (see sect. II). Here, we focus our attention on GRKs in particular canonical and novel roles of the GRKs found in the cardiovascular system (see sects. III and IV). Paramount to overall cardiac function is GPCR-mediated signaling provided by the adrenergic system. Overstimulation of the adrenergic system has been highly implicated in various etiologies of cardiovascular disease including hypertension and heart failure. GRKs acting downstream of heightened adrenergic signaling appear to be key players in cardiac homeostasis and disease progression, and herein we review the current data on GRKs related to cardiac disease and discuss their potential in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in cardiac diseases including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Y Sato
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mathew Schwartz
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
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Zhang Q, Huang X, Yang J, Li M. A novel monoclonal antibody against human GRK6 antigen. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:25-9. [PMID: 25723280 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) plays a universal role in receptor desensitization, by acting as a receptor-G protein interface, thereby affecting serine/threonine kinases. In this study, a 20-aa-long peptide of human GRK6 C-terminus domain was synthesized and covalently coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A mouse monoclonal antibody against human GRK6 (anti-GRK6 MAb) was successfully prepared through hybridoma technique by immunizing BALB/c mice with synthesized GRK6426-446-KLH peptides. A high specificity and affinity strain of hybridoma 5D12 were established. The titer of the purified anti-GRK6 MAb was 1.28 × 10(6) measured by indirect ELISA. Western blot and immunocytochemistry experiments were also applied to characterize the antibody specificity. Antibody absorption assays showed that the anti-GRK6 MAb can be blocked by GRK6426-446 peptides. These results indicated that the antibody could bind to GRK6 antigen specifically. This MAb provides valuable support for further studies on the functional properties of GRK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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44
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Moretti C, Grosso Marra W, D'Ascenzo F, Omedè P, Cannillo M, Libertucci D, Fusaro E, Meynet I, Giordana F, Salera D, Annone U, Chen SL, Marra S, Gaita F. Beta blocker for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A single center experience. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:528-532. [PMID: 25767009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Moretti
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Walter Grosso Marra
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Omedè
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Cannillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Libertucci
- Division of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Fusaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meynet
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Giordana
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Salera
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Annone
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - S L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Njang, China
| | - Sebastiano Marra
- Division of Cardiology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Drews O, Taegtmeyer H. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in heart disease: the basis for new therapeutic strategies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2322-43. [PMID: 25133688 PMCID: PMC4241867 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Novel therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure are greatly needed. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) affects the structure and function of cardiac cells through targeted degradation of signaling and structural proteins. This review discusses both beneficial and detrimental consequences of modulating the UPS in the heart. RECENT ADVANCES Proteasome inhibitors were first used to test the role of the UPS in cardiac disease phenotypes, indicating therapeutic potential. In early cardiac remodeling and pathological hypertrophy with increased proteasome activities, proteasome inhibition prevented or restricted disease progression and contractile dysfunction. Conversely, enhancing proteasome activities by genetic manipulation, pharmacological intervention, or ischemic preconditioning also improved the outcome of cardiomyopathies and infarcted hearts with impaired cardiac and UPS function, which is, at least in part, caused by oxidative damage. CRITICAL ISSUES An understanding of the UPS status and the underlying mechanisms for its potential deregulation in cardiac disease is critical for targeted interventions. Several studies indicate that type and stage of cardiac disease influence the dynamics of UPS regulation in a nonlinear and multifactorial manner. Proteasome inhibitors targeting all proteasome complexes are associated with cardiotoxicity in humans. Furthermore, the type and dosage of proteasome inhibitor impact the pathogenesis in nonuniform ways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Systematic analysis and targeting of individual UPS components with established and innovative tools will unravel and discriminate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to and protect against the progression of cardiac disease. Integrating this knowledge in drug design may reduce adverse effects on the heart as observed in patients treated with proteasome inhibitors against noncardiac diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Drews
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kaldara E, Sanoudou D, Adamopoulos S, Nanas JN. Outpatient management of chronic heart failure. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 16:17-41. [PMID: 25480690 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.978286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) treatment attracts a share of intensive research because of its poor HF prognosis. In the past decades, the prognosis of HF has improved considerably, mainly as a consequence of the progress that has been made in the pharmacological management of HF. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the outpatient pharmacological management of chronic HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and offers recommendations on the use of various drugs. In addition, the present article attempts to provide practical therapeutic algorithms based on current clinical strategies. EXPERT OPINION Continued research directed toward identifying factors associated with high pharmacotherapy guideline adherence and understanding of variants that influence response to drugs will hopefully halt or reverse the major pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kaldara
- University of Athens, Medical School, 3rd Cardiology Department , Mikras Asias 67, 11527 Attiki, Athens , Greece +30 2108236877 ; +30 2107789901 ;
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Chronic β1-adrenergic blockade enhances myocardial β3-adrenergic coupling with nitric oxide-cGMP signaling in a canine model of chronic volume overload: new insight into mechanisms of cardiac benefit with selective β1-blocker therapy. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 110:456. [PMID: 25480109 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol improves cardiac function in animals and patients with chronic heart failure, isolated mitral regurgitation (MR), and ischemic heart disease, though the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Metoprolol has been reported to upregulate cardiac expression of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3AR) in animal models. Myocardial β3AR signaling via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation has recently emerged as a cardioprotective pathway. We tested whether chronic β1-adrenergic blockade with metoprolol enhances myocardial β3AR coupling with nitric oxide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (β3AR/NO-cGMP) signaling in the MR-induced, volume-overloaded heart. We compared the expression, distribution, and inducible activation of β3AR/NO-cGMP signaling proteins within myocardial membrane microdomains in dogs (canines) with surgically induced MR, those also treated with metoprolol succinate (MR+βB), and unoperated controls. β3AR mRNA transcripts, normalized to housekeeping gene RPLP1, increased 4.4 × 10(3)- and 3.2 × 10(2)-fold in MR and MR+βB hearts, respectively, compared to Control. Cardiac β3AR expression was increased 1.4- and nearly twofold in MR and MR+βB, respectively, compared to Control. β3AR was detected within caveolae-enriched lipid rafts (Cav3(+)LR) and heavy density, non-lipid raft membrane (NLR) across all groups. However, in vitro selective β3AR stimulation with BRL37344 (BRL) triggered cGMP production within only NLR of MR+βB. BRL induced Ser (1412) phosphorylation of nNOS within NLR of MR+βB, but not Control or MR, consistent with detection of NLR-specific β3AR/NO-cGMP coupling. Treatment with metoprolol prevented MR-associated oxidation of NO biosensor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) within NLR. Metoprolol therapy also prevented MR-induced relocalization of sGCβ1 subunit away from caveolae, suggesting preserved NO-sGC-cGMP signaling, albeit without coupling to β3AR, within MR+βB caveolae. Chronic β1-blockade is associated with myocardial β3AR/NO-cGMP coupling in a microdomain-specific fashion. Our canine study suggests that microdomain-targeted enhancement of myocardial β3AR/NO-cGMP signaling may explain, in part, β1-adrenergic antagonist-mediated preservation of cardiac function in the volume-overloaded heart.
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48
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heart failure (HF) is a common end point for many underlying cardiovascular diseases. Down-regulation and desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) caused by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) are prominent features of HF. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Significant progress has been made to understand the pathological role of GRK2 in the heart both as a GPCR kinase and as a molecule that can exert GPCR-independent effects. Inhibition of cardiac GRK2 has proved to be therapeutic in the failing heart and may offer synergistic and additional benefits to β-blocker therapy. However, the mechanisms of how GRK2 directly contributes to the pathogenesis of HF need further investigation, and additional verification of the mechanistic details are needed before GRK2 inhibition can be used for the treatment of HF. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The newly identified characteristics of GRK2, including the S-nitrosylation of GRK2 and the localization of GRK2 on mitochondria, merit further investigation. They may contribute to it being a pro-death kinase and result in HF under stressed conditions through regulation of intracellular signaling, including cardiac reduction-oxidation (redox) balance. A thorough understanding of the functions of GRK2 in the heart is necessary in order to finalize it as a candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Maggie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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49
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Different effects of prolonged β-adrenergic stimulation on heart and cerebral artery. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:204-210. [PMID: 28664099 PMCID: PMC5481746 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to understand the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on oxidative stress, structural remodeling, and functional alterations in the heart and cerebral artery. Diverse stimuli activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased levels of catecholamines. Long-term overstimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) in response to catecholamines causes cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Although catecholamines have identical sites of action in the heart and cerebral artery, the structural and functional modifications differentially activate intracellular signaling cascades. βAR-stimulation can increase oxidative stress in the heart and cerebral artery, but has also been shown to induce different cytoskeletal and functional modifications by modulating various components of the βAR signal transduction pathways. Stimulation of βAR leads to cardiac dysfunction due to an overload of intracellular Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes. However, this stimulation induces vascular dysfunction through disruption of actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells. Many studies have shown that excessive concentrations of catecholamines during stressful conditions can produce coronary spasms or arrhythmias by inducing Ca2+-handling abnormalities and impairing energy production in mitochondria, In this article, we highlight the different fates caused by excessive oxidative stress and disruptions in the cytoskeletal proteome network in the heart and the cerebral artery in responsed to prolonged βAR-stimulation.
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50
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de Lucia C, Femminella GD, Gambino G, Pagano G, Allocca E, Rengo C, Silvestri C, Leosco D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. Adrenal adrenoceptors in heart failure. Front Physiol 2014; 5:246. [PMID: 25071591 PMCID: PMC4084669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in left ventricular (LV) function and it represents one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Sympathetic outflow, characterized by increased circulating catecholamines (CA) biosynthesis and secretion, is peculiar in HF and sympatholytic treatments (as β-blockers) are presently being used for the treatment of this disease. Adrenal gland secretes Epinephrine (80%) and Norepinephrine (20%) in response to acetylcholine stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on the chromaffin cell membranes. This process is regulated by adrenergic receptors (ARs): α2ARs inhibit CA release through coupling to inhibitory Gi-proteins, and β ARs (mainly β2ARs) stimulate CA release through coupling to stimulatory Gs-proteins. All ARs are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GPCR kinases (GRKs) regulate their signaling and function. Adrenal GRK2-mediated α2AR desensitization and downregulation are increased in HF and seem to be a fundamental regulator of CA secretion from the adrenal gland. Consequently, restoration of adrenal α2AR signaling through the inhibition of GRK2 is a fascinating sympatholytic therapeutic strategy for chronic HF. This strategy could have several significant advantages over existing HF pharmacotherapies minimizing side-effects on extra-cardiac tissues and reducing the chronic activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and endothelin systems. The role of adrenal ARs in regulation of sympathetic hyperactivity opens interesting perspectives in understanding HF pathophysiology and in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio de Lucia
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia D Femminella
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Allocca
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy ; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Candida Silvestri
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy ; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme Telese Terme, Italy
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