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Kaufmann CC, Ahmed A, Kassem M, Freynhofer MK, Jäger B, Aicher G, Equiluz-Bruck S, Spiel AO, Funk GC, Gschwantler M, Fasching P, Wojta J, Huber K. Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide independently predicts short-term mortality in COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13531. [PMID: 33657664 PMCID: PMC7995001 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is a strong prognostic marker in several inflammatory, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, but has not been studied in COVID-19 yet. METHODS This prospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19 infection was conducted from 6 June to 26 November 2020 in different wards of a tertiary hospital. MR-proANP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive cardiac troponin I levels on admission were collected and tested for their association with disease severity and 28-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 213 eligible patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analyses of whom 13.2% (n = 28) died within 28 days. Median levels of MR-proANP at admission were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (307 pmol/L IQR, [161 - 532] vs 75 pmol/L [IQR, 43 - 153], P < .001) compared to survivors and increased with disease severity and level of hypoxaemia. The area under the ROC curve for MR-proANP predicting 28-day mortality was 0.832 (95% CI 0.753 - 0.912, P < .001). An optimal cut-off point of 160 pmol/L yielded a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 76.2%. MR-proANP was a significant predictor of 28-day mortality independent of clinical confounders, comorbidities and established prognostic markers of COVID-19 (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.21 - 6.37; P = .016), while NT-proBNP failed to independently predict 28-day mortality and had a numerically lower AUC compared to MR-proANP. CONCLUSION Higher levels of MR-proANP at admission are associated with disease severity of COVID-19 and act as a powerful and independent prognostic marker of 28-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph C Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amro Ahmed
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Kassem
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias K Freynhofer
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Aicher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexander O Spiel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg-Christian Funk
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gschwantler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fasching
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Wong LL, Wee ASY, Lim JY, Ng JYX, Chong JPC, Liew OW, Lilyanna S, Martinez EC, Ackers-Johnson MA, Vardy LA, Armugam A, Jeyaseelan K, Ng TP, Lam CSP, Foo RSY, Richards AM, Chen YT. Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) is regulated by microRNA-100. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:13-21. [PMID: 25736855 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) is the clearance receptor for the cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs). By modulating the level of NPs, NPR3 plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Although the physiological functions of NPR3 have been explored, little is known about its regulation in health or disease. MicroRNAs play an essential role in the post-transcriptional expression of many genes. Our aim was to investigate potential microRNA-based regulation of NPR3 in multiple models. Hypoxic challenge elevated levels of NPPB and ADM mRNA, as well as NT-proBNP and MR-proADM in human left ventricle derived cardiac cells (HCMa), and in the corresponding conditioned medium, as revealed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. NPR3 was decreased while NPR1 was increased by hypoxia at mRNA and protein levels in HCMa. Down-regulation of NPR3 mRNA was also observed in infarct and peri-infarct cardiac tissue from rats undergoing myocardial infarction. From microRNA microarray analyses and microRNA target predictive databases, miR-100 was selected as a candidate regulator of NPR3 expression. Further analyses confirmed up-regulation of miR-100 in hypoxic cells and associated conditioned media. Antagomir-based silencing of miR-100 enhanced NPR3 expression in HCMa. Furthermore, miR-100 levels were markedly up-regulated in rat hearts and in peripheral blood after myocardial infarction and in the blood from heart failure patients. Results from this study point to a role for miR-100 in the regulation of NPR3 expression, and suggest a possible therapeutic target for modulation of NP bioactivity in heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Aged
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Case-Control Studies
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/blood
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/chemistry
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Myocardial Infarction/blood
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abby S Y Wee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yuen Lim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y X Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny P C Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shera Lilyanna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Andrew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tze P Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Arjamaa O, Vuolteenaho O, Kivi E, Nikinmaa M. Hypoxia increases the release of salmon cardiac peptide (sCP) from the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under constant mechanical load in vitro. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:67-73. [PMID: 23813187 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the effects of hypoxia on the release of salmon cardiac peptide (sCP) from an isolated heart ventricle of trout during a constant mechanical load. Trout heart ventricles were studied in vitro. The ventricle was placed in an organ bath at 12 °C in which a constant mechanical load could be imposed on the ventricle while buffer solution was circulating. Ventricles were field-stimulated with a supramaximal voltage pulse at a rate of about 0.3 s⁻¹. Samples of 1 ml were collected at an interval of 10 min for 200 min from the organ bath and assessed with a radioimmunoassay for sCP. After a control period of 20 min, ventricles were exposed to hypoxia produced with N₂ gassing (n = 9) or to hypoxia with 20 mM BDM, a nonselective myosin ATPase inhibitor locking cross-bridges in a pre-power-stroke state inhibiting force production with normal electrical activity (n = 10). In this model and setup, hypoxia stimulated the release of sCP, but the interindividual variation in the response was large. At the end of hypoxia exposure, the concentration of sCP in the organ bath was about sixfold higher than at the start of the exposure (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test). When BDM was introduced into the bath, the ventricle still secreted sCP but the hypoxic response was smaller than in the experiments without BDM. In the trout heart ventricle, there is a hypoxia-sensitive component in the release mechanism of sCP which is independent of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Arjamaa
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland,
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4
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MAPK and PI3K pathways regulate hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by controlling HIF-1 alpha expression in beating rabbit atria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:507-12. [PMID: 23916614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways are pivotal and intensively studied signaling pathways in hypoxic conditions. However, the roles of MAPK and PI3K in the regulation of hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which the MAPK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and PI3K signaling pathways regulate the acute hypoxia-induced ANP secretion in isolated beating rabbit atria. An acute hypoxic perfused beating rabbit atrial model was used. The ANP levels in the atrial perfusates were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and protein levels in the atrial tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Acute hypoxia significantly increased ANP secretion and HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. Hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was markedly attenuated by the HIF-1α inhibitors, rotenone (0.5μmol/L) and CAY10585 (10μmol/L), concomitantly with downregulation of the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. PD098059 (30μmol/L) and LY294002 (30μmol/L), inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K, markedly abolished the hypoxia-induced ANP secretion and atrial HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. The hypoxia-suppressed atrial dynamics were significantly attenuated by PD098059 and LY294002. Acute hypoxia in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria, markedly increased ANP secretion through HIF-1α upregulation, which was regulated by the MAPK/ERK and PI3K pathways. ANP appears to be part of the protective program regulated by HIF-1α in the response to acute hypoxic conditions.
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5
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Zurek M, Maeder MT, Brutsche MH, Christ A, Bosshard P, Ziller R, Rickli H, Kaye DM, Mueller C. Does hypoxemia have an impact on the cardiac release and circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides in humans in vivo? Int J Cardiol 2012. [PMID: 23182001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Transforming growth factor-β inhibits myocardial PPARγ expression in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in mice. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1810-9. [PMID: 21836474 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834a4d03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been shown to attenuate pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis, suggesting that PPARγ has an antifibrotic effect. This study tested the hypothesis that there is a functional interaction between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and endogenous PPARγ expression in cardiac fibroblasts and pressure overloaded heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that, in response to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction, left-ventricular PPARγ protein levels were decreased in wild-type mice, but increased in mice with an inducible overexpression of dominant negative mutation of the human TGF-β type II receptor (DnTGFβRII), in which TGF-β signaling is blocked. In isolated mouse cardiac fibroblasts, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment decreased steady state PPARγ mRNA (-34%) and protein (-52%) levels, as well as PPARγ transcriptional activity (-53%). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TGF-β1 treatment increased binding of Smad2/3, Smad4 and histone deacetylase 1, and decreased binding of acetylated histone 3 to the PPARγ promoter in cardiac fibroblasts. Both pharmacological activation and overexpression of PPARγ significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix molecule expression in isolated cardiac fibroblasts, whereas treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone inhibited, and treatment with the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 exacerbated chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in wild-type mice in vivo. CONCLUSION These data provide strong evidence that TGF-β1 directly suppresses PPARγ expression in cardiac fibroblasts via a transcriptional mechanism and suggest that the down-regulation of endogenous PPARγ expression by TGF-β may be involved in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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7
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Calvin AD, Somers VK, van der Walt C, Scott CG, Olson LJ. Relation of natriuretic peptide concentrations to central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. Chest 2011; 140:1517-1523. [PMID: 21636668 PMCID: PMC3231957 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central sleep apnea (CSA) is frequent among patients with heart failure (HF) and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Elevated cardiac filling pressures promote CSA and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) secretion. We hypothesized that circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations predict CSA. METHODS Consecutive patients with HF (n = 44) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% underwent polysomnography for detection of CSA. CSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 with ≥ 50% central apneic events. The relation of natriuretic peptide concentrations to CSA was evaluated by estimation of ORs and receiver operator characteristics (ROCs). RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects (61%) had CSA, with men more frequently affected than women (73% vs 27%; OR, 7.1; P = .01); given that only three women had CSA, further analysis was restricted to men. Subjects with CSA had higher mean ANP (4,336 pg/mL vs 2,510 pg/mL, P = .03) and BNP concentrations (746 pg/mL vs 379 pg/mL, P = .05). ANP and BNP concentrations were significantly related to CSA (OR, 3.7 per 3,000 pg/mL, P = .03 and OR, 1.5 per 200 pg/mL, P = .04, respectively), whereas age, LVEF, and New York Heart Association functional class were not. Concentrations of ANP and BNP were predictive of CSA as ROC demonstrated areas under the curve of 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Risk of CSA is related to severity of HF. ANP and BNP concentrations performed similarly for detection of CSA; low concentrations appear associated with low risk for CSA in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Calvin
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virend K Somers
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Christopher G Scott
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lyle J Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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8
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Arjamaa O, Nikinmaa M. Natriuretic peptides in hormonal regulation of hypoxia responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R257-64. [PMID: 19005014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90696.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that natriuretic peptides' effects are important in hypoxia responses of vertebrates is reviewed. Both the transcription and release of natriuretic peptides are affected by oxygen tension. Furthermore, many of the effects observed in hypoxia, such as diuresis and a reduction of plasma volume, are also caused by treatment of the animal with natriuretic peptides. Also, several clinical observations about changes in natriuretic peptide levels in, e.g., sleep apnea and cyanotic congenital heart disease, are consistent with the idea that hypoxia is involved in the etiology of conditions, in which natriuretic peptide levels increase. Virtually all published information on the relationship between oxygen and natriuretic peptides is based on human studies. Because hypoxic conditions are more common in aquatic than terrestrial environments, future studies about the possible role of natriuretic peptides in hypoxia, as well as the role of hypoxia in the evolution of natriuretic peptides, including the different subtypes, should increasingly involve also aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Arjamaa
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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9
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Bing MH, Moller LA, Jennum P, Mortensen S, Lose G. Nocturia and associated morbidity in a Danish population of men and women aged 60-80 years. BJU Int 2008; 102:808-14; discussion 814-5. [PMID: 18564133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between nocturia and medical diseases, medication, urinary incontinence (UI), recurrent cystitis, smoking, alcohol, parity, hysterectomy, pelvic organ prolapse surgery, UI surgery, and prostate surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The previously validated questionnaire the Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis and Sleep-interruption Questionnaire was sent to 2000 women and 2000 men aged 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 years. The population was selected at random from The Danish Civil Registration System. RESULTS Using multiple logistic regressions UI and age were significantly associated with nocturia irrespective of severity. Nocturia of > or =1 voids was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and smoking; and nocturia of > or =2 voids with gender, BMI, diabetes and recurrent cystitis, as well as between nocturia of > or =3 voids and gender, lung disease, diabetes, use of diuretics and recurrent cystitis. Summarising the associations in an ordinal regression analysis UI (odds ratio (OR) 2.17, 95% CI 1.76-2.68), recurrent cystitis (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.30-2.97) and diabetes (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32-1.65) had the strongest associations with nocturia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that various disorders are associated with nocturia. However, the associations are strongly dependent on the severity of the nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette H Bing
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
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10
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Metabolic Derangements in an Adult Patient With Tetralogy of Fallot: Possible Role of Chronic Systemic Hypoxia. Am J Med Sci 2007; 334:301-4. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3180a6ecd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Chen YF, Feng JA, Li P, Xing D, Ambalavanan N, Oparil S. Atrial natriuretic peptide-dependent modulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Life Sci 2006; 79:1357-65. [PMID: 16714036 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxic stress upsets the balance in the normal relationships between mitogenic and growth inhibiting pathways in lung, resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by hyperplasia of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and fibroblasts and enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo and PASMC proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. The current study utilized an ANP null mouse model (Nppa-/-) to test the hypothesis that ANP modulates the pulmonary vascular and alveolar remodeling response to normobaric hypoxic stress. Nine-10 wk old male ANP null (Nppa-/-) and wild type nontransgenic (NTG) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O(2), 1 atm) or air for 6 wks. MEASUREMENT pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial and alveolar remodeling were assessed. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertrophy and muscularization were significantly increased in Nppa-/- mice compared to NTG controls. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of hypoxia on alveolar myofibroblast transformation (8.2 and 5.4 fold increases in Nppa-/- and NTG mice, respectively) and expression of extracellular matrix molecule (including osteopontin [OPN] and periostin [PN]) mRNA in whole lung were exaggerated in Nppa-/- mice compared to NTG controls. Combined with our previous finding that ANP signaling attenuates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced expression of OPN and PN in isolated PASMCs, the current study supports the hypothesis that endogenous ANP plays an important anti-fibrogenic role in the pulmonary vascular adaptation to chronic hypoxia.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/physiology
- Blotting, Northern
- Chronic Disease
- Collagen/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35296, USA.
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12
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Tervonen V, Vuolteenaho O, Nikinmaa M. Haemoconcentration via diuresis in short-term hypoxia: a possible role for cardiac natriuretic peptide in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 144:86-92. [PMID: 16603395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout, exposed to acute hypoxia (decrease of oxygen level from full to 30% air saturation for 1 h, stable 30% air saturation for 2 h), showed more than twofold increase in urine flow rate. Hypoxic diuresis was associated with a sustained increase in dorsal aortic cardiac peptide (sCP) level, and the diuresis could be completely inhibited by a bolus injection of sCP antiserum. These results suggest that hypoxic haemoconcentration, which is partially achieved via increased urine flow rate in vertebrates, is caused by cardiac peptides. The results further suggest that cardiac peptide receptors in hypoxic fish gills modulate the postbranchial systemic level of sCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Tervonen
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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13
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Luo Y, Jiang C, Belanger AJ, Akita GY, Wadsworth SC, Gregory RJ, Vincent KA. A Constitutively Active Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/VP16 Hybrid Factor Activates Expression of the Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Gene. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69:1953-62. [PMID: 16507742 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.017905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a primary regulator of the physiological response to hypoxia. A recombinant adenovirus expressing a constitutively active hybrid form of the HIF-1alpha subunit (Ad2/HIF-1alpha/VP16) is being evaluated as a gene therapy for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Ad2/HIF-1alpha/VP16 up-regulates known HIF-1-responsive genes, including those involved in angiogenesis. Expression profile analysis revealed that the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene was significantly up-regulated in response to HIF-1alpha/VP16 in human fetal cardiac cells. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed transcriptional activation of the BNP gene by HIF-1alpha/VP16 in human but not rat cardiac cells. Because hypoxia itself did not increase human BNP gene expression in these analyses, the mechanism of the HIF-1alpha/VP16 effect was determined. Analyses of promoter deletion mutants suggested that the cis-acting sequence in the human BNP promoter mediating activation by HIF-1alpha/VP16 was a putative HIF-1 responsive element (HRE) located at -466. An SV40 basal promoter-luciferase plasmid containing a minimal BNP HRE was up-regulated by HIF-1alpha/VP16, whereas a similar construct carrying a mutation within the HIF-1 binding site was not. Mutation of an E-box motif within the BNP HRE reduced HIF-1alpha/VP16-mediated transcriptional activation by 50%. Gel-shift analyses showed that both the native HIF-1alpha and HIF-1alpha/VP16 are able to bind to a probe containing the HIF-1 binding site. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a functional HRE in the BNP promoter and further define the scope and mechanism of action of Ad2/HIF-1alpha/VP16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Luo
- Genzyme Corporation, 31 New York Avenue, P.O. Box 9322, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA
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14
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Malek RL, Wang HY, Kwitek AE, Greene AS, Bhagabati N, Borchardt G, Cahill L, Currier T, Frank B, Fu X, Hasinoff M, Howe E, Letwin N, Luu TV, Saeed A, Sajadi H, Salzberg SL, Sultana R, Thiagarajan M, Tsai J, Veratti K, White J, Quackenbush J, Jacob HJ, Lee NH. Physiogenomic resources for rat models of heart, lung and blood disorders. Nat Genet 2006; 38:234-9. [PMID: 16415889 DOI: 10.1038/ng1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The TIGR rodent expression web-based resource (TREX) contains over 2,200 microarray hybridizations, involving over 800 animals from 18 different rat strains. These strains comprise genetically diverse parental animals and a panel of chromosomal substitution strains derived by introgressing individual chromosomes from normotensive Brown Norway (BN/NHsdMcwi) rats into the background of Dahl salt sensitive (SS/JrHsdMcwi) rats. The profiles document gene-expression changes in both genders, four tissues (heart, lung, liver, kidney) and two environmental conditions (normoxia, hypoxia). This translates into almost 400 high-quality direct comparisons (not including replicates) and over 100,000 pairwise comparisons. As each individual chromosomal substitution strain represents on average less than a 5% change from the parental genome, consomic strains provide a useful mechanism to dissect complex traits and identify causative genes. We performed a variety of data-mining manipulations on the profiles and used complementary physiological data from the PhysGen resource to demonstrate how TREX can be used by the cardiovascular community for hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae L Malek
- TREX, The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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15
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Abstract
A growing number of mammalian genes whose expression is inducible by hypoxia have been identified. Among them, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) synthesis and secretion is increased during hypoxic exposure and plays an important role in the normal adaptation to hypoxia and in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary diseases, including chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure. This review discusses the roles of ANP and its receptors in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We and other investigators have demonstrated that ANP gene expression is enhanced by exposure to hypoxia and that the ANP so generated protects against the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Results also show that hypoxia directly stimulates ANP gene expression and ANP release in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Several cis-responsive elements of the ANP promoter are involved in the response to changes in oxygen tension. Further, the ANP clearance receptor NPR-C, but not the biological active NPR-A and NPR-B receptors, is downregulated in hypoxia adapted lung. Hypoxia-sensitive tyrosine kinase receptor-associated growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, but not hypoxia per se, inhibit NPR-C gene expression in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. The reductions in NPR-C in the hypoxic lung retard the clearance of ANP and allow more ANP to bind to biological active NPR-A and NPR-B in the pulmonary circulation, relaxing preconstricted pulmonary vessels, reducing pulmonary arterial pressure, and attenuating the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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16
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Yap LB, Ashrafian H, Mukerjee D, Coghlan JG, Timms PM. The natriuretic peptides and their role in disorders of right heart dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Clin Biochem 2004; 37:847-56. [PMID: 15369714 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased in conditions with cardiac ventricular volume and pressure overload. The general physiological and potential therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in respiratory disease, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are reviewed. BNP levels can be used to differentiate between dyspneic patients with a pure respiratory defect and those with RV dysfunction. BNP levels also correlate with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with PAH (atrial septal defect, chronic thromboembolic disease, and scleroderma). BNP is a predictor of mortality in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). These are important clinical implications in that a noninvasive blood test may be used to identify high-risk patients for more invasive procedures such as cardiac catheterization. BNP or NT-proBNP measurements may also be used to guide therapy (e.g., pulmonary vasorelaxants) in PAH since upregulation of the natriuretic peptide pathway has been shown to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and PAH. Additionally, there may be therapeutic potential via recombinant BNP or neutral endopeptidase inhibitors in RV dysfunction and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok B Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust, London, E9 6SR, UK.
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17
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Endeshaw YW, Johnson TM, Kutner MH, Ouslander JG, Bliwise DL. Sleep-disordered breathing and nocturia in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52:957-60. [PMID: 15161461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturia episodes in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults (N=72) recruited from independent living facilities and adult learning centers in Atlanta, Georgia. MEASUREMENTS Three-day voiding diary, ambulatory sleep recording, focused physical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Fifty-eight of the 72 subjects completed the study. The mean age+/-standard deviation was 77.7+/-6.7; 44 (76%) were female. Of the 58 subjects, 26 (45%) had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 10 per hour of sleep, 21 (36%) had an AHI between 10 and 24 per hour sleep, and 11 (19%) had an AHI of 25 or higher per hour of sleep. The mean nocturia episodes were 1.7+/-1.1, 1.6+/-0.9, and 2.6+/-1.4 for subjects in these groups, respectively (F=3.82; P=.028). Those with an AHI of 25 or higher had more nocturia episodes, higher mean arterial blood pressure, and higher body mass index than those with a lower AHI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that older adults with severe SDB have a greater number of nocturia episodes. These findings underscore the importance of considering SDB as a differential diagnosis in the evaluation of older patients with nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes W Endeshaw
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
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18
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Konstantinov IE, Coles JG, Boscarino C, Takahashi M, Goncalves J, Ritter J, Van Arsdell GS. Gene expression profiles in children undergoing cardiac surgery for right heart obstructive lesions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127:746-54. [PMID: 15001903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global myocardial stress response during cardiac surgery has not been systematically studied, nor is it known whether the response of the neonatal myocardium is intrinsically different from that of older children. To determine the age-related molecular basis of this response, we conducted microarray-based differential gene expression profiling on right ventricular tissue samples acquired in patients of varying ages with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. METHODS We studied gene expression profiles in 24 patients during operations for lesions involving right ventricular outflow tract obstruction age stratified into group I (7 patients, aged 5 to 66 days; mean, 30 days) and group II (17 patients, aged 4 months to 12.5 years; mean, 2.8 years). Myocardial samples were taken from the right ventricular outflow tract after aortic occlusion and archived in liquid nitrogen. RNA isolation, fluorescence labeling of complementary DNA, hybridization to spotted arrays containing 19,008 characterized or unknown human complementary DNAs, and quantitative fluorescence scanning of gene-expression intensity were performed at the University of Toronto Health Network Microarray Centre. Data were analyzed with the Significance Analysis for Microarrays program. Minimum Information About Microarray Experiments-compliant, log2-normalized data sets were compared to ascertain potential statistical differences in gene expression between patient groups. RESULTS There were no hospital deaths or major postoperative morbid events. We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed in the neonatal group (the predicted false discovery rate was <0.8 transcripts). The neonatal pattern of gene expression (group I) was dominated by genes with literature-validated cardioprotective, antihypertrophic, and antiproliferative properties, including increases in atrial natriuretic peptide, protein phosphatase 2A, small GTPase rap1, and protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein, PIASy. Several transcripts have not been previously reported in heart. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal myocardium has a unique pattern of gene expression, which may result from developmental (age-related) differences or reflect a more severe disease phenotype independent of age effects per se. The neonatal transcript profile seems to reflect a stress-induced protective program composed of genes with functions diametrically opposed to those expected to be related to the pathogenesis of critical right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, thus revealing a novel and compensatory antidisease transcriptional response in the neonatal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E Konstantinov
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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19
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Zhang Y, Oliver JR, Horowitz JD. The Role of Endothelin in Mediating Ischemia/Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Release. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 43:227-33. [PMID: 14716210 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200402000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative role of endothelin (ET) in mediating ischemia/hypoxia-induced ANP release utilizing exogenous ET-1 or ET receptor antagonists (BQ-123 or Bosentan). Isolated rat hearts with non-distended atria were perfused using a Langendorff apparatus and heart rate maintained constant via atrial pacing. Global ischemia was induced either by direct reduction in perfusion or by infusion of exogenous ET-1 (5 x 10(-10) M) for 30 minutes. Perfusion with the ET receptor antagonists, BQ-123 (10(-6) M) or Bosentan (10(-5) M) was initiated 10 minutes before onset of ischemia. Moderate or severe ischemia was induced by reduction (52-61% and 70-82%, respectively) in perfusate flow. Thirty minutes of ischemia/hypoxia (5% O2) was followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion/re-oxygenation. Both moderate and severe ischemia increased ANP release. BQ-123 and Bosentan did not affect basal or ischemia-induced ANP release. Exogenous ET-1 perfusion induced a late increase in ANP release (P < 0.01) that did not exceed the increase in ANP release associated with equivalent direct flow reduction. Hypoxia induced an 8-fold increase in ANP release rate. The ANP release rate returned toward basal levels after re-oxygenation. Bosentan, but not BQ-123, significantly attenuated (P < 0.01) hypoxia-induced ANP release. In conclusion, in this system, ANP release is stimulated by moderate (or severe) ischemia and severe hypoxia independent of change in atrial distension; endogenous ET does not mediate basal and ischemia-induced ANP release; and hypoxia-induced ANP release is partially modulated via interaction with endogenous ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- High Blood Pressure Research Unit, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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20
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Chun YS, Hyun JY, Kwak YG, Kim IS, Kim CH, Choi E, Kim MS, Park JW. Hypoxic activation of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene promoter through direct and indirect actions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Biochem J 2003; 370:149-57. [PMID: 12413399 PMCID: PMC1223144 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2002] [Revised: 10/30/2002] [Accepted: 11/04/2002] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac peptide, the transcription of which is up-regulated in the ischaemic ventricle. However, the molecular mechanism of ANP induction is unclear. This study demonstrated that ANP mRNA expression in rat ventricular myocardium is induced in an early phase of ischaemia, preceded by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha expression. The ANP gene was also induced by hypoxia or HIF-1 inducers such as CoCl2 and desferrioxamine in H9c2 and neonatal cardiomyocytes. The 2307 bp 5'-flanking region of the rat ANP gene was cloned and fused to the luciferase gene. Evidence of the promoter activity was only apparent in the myocytes and was induced by hypoxia and HIF-1 inducers. The overexpression of HIF-1alpha markedly enhanced ANP promoter activity, and a dominant-negative isoform completely suppressed it. We demonstrated that the promoter regions are essential for hypoxic ANP induction. One promoter region, containing the HIF-1-binding sequence, is regulated directly by HIF-1. The other region is also activated by HIF-1 despite having no HIF-1-binding sequence. These results suggest that HIF-1 enhances the transactivation of the ANP gene in hypoxic myocytes, implying that stimulation of the ANP promoter by HIF-1 may in fact be responsible for the induction of the ANP gene in ischaemic ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Sook Chun
- Human Genome Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, BK21 Human Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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21
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Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T. Atrial natriuretic peptide increases glucose uptake during hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002; 40:601-10. [PMID: 12352323 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200210000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The action of atrial natriuretic peptide on glucose uptake during hypoxia was investigated in neonatal cardiomyocytes. When the cultures were exposed to 100 n and 1 and 10 micro M of atrial natriuretic peptide for 60 min, hypoxia-induced glucose uptake significantly increased from 20.4 +/- 1.2 to 28.2 +/- 3.1, 31.6 +/- 2.7, and 30.1 +/- 2.8 pmol/h/mg protein, respectively, although atrial natriuretic peptide alone did not significantly affect the basal glucose uptake in normoxic condition. The atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated glucose uptake during hypoxia was significantly decreased by 100 n of genistein and tyrphostin A-23 (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) from 31.6 +/- 2.7 to 22.8 +/- 2.4 and 23.8 +/- 2.7 pmol/h/mg protein. U73122 100 n, which is a phospholipase C antagonist, significantly inhibited the atrial natriuretic peptide-induced glucose uptake under hypoxic conditions from 31.6 +/- 2.7 to 13.6 +/- 1.9 pmol/h/mg protein. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide-induced glucose uptake did not involve elevation of intracellular Ca and phosphatidylinositol (PI)3 kinase. It was concluded that the atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated glucose uptake during hypoxia acts through a phospholipase C-tyrosine kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kudoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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22
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Yoshihara F, Horio T, Nishikimi T, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Possible involvement of oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced adrenomedullin secretion in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 436:1-6. [PMID: 11834240 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although hypoxia induces adrenomedullin gene expression in cultured rat cardiac myocytes, it is still unknown whether oxidative stress is involved in the hypoxia-induced adrenomedullin production. We investigated whether oxidative stress might participate in hypoxia-induced adrenomedullin secretion and whether adrenomedullin might have a protective effect on damaged myocytes. Hypoxia increased adrenomedullin secretion and its gene expression in cardiac myocytes, but not in nonmyocytes. Furthermore, oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) also increased adrenomedullin secretion from myocytes. N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a free radical scavenger, completely inhibited the stimulation of adrenomedullin secretion by hydrogen peroxide, and this agent reduced the stimulation of adrenomedullin secretion by hypoxia. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, a marker of cell injury, was significantly increased with the exposure to hydrogen peroxide and adrenomedullin significantly reduced this leakage. These findings suggest that an oxidative stress may be involved, in part, in the increased adrenomedullin secretion from cardiac myocytes under hypoxic condition. Adrenomedullin secreted from myocytes may play a cell protective role in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Yoshihara
- Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Osaka 565-8565, Suita, Japan.
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23
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Klinger JR, Pietras L, Warburton R, Hill NS. Reduced oxygen tension increases atrial natriuretic peptide release from atrial cardiocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001; 226:847-53. [PMID: 11568308 DOI: 10.1177/153537020122600907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that reduced oxygen tension stimulates cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion, we measured ANP release and expression in neonatal rat atrial and ventricular cardiac myocytes exposed to 45 min and 3, 6, and 24 hr of 3% or 21% oxygen. In atrial cardiocytes, the percentage of increase in culture media ANP concentration from baseline was greater in cells exposed to 3% than in cells exposed to 21% oxygen after 3 hr (814% +/- 52% vs. 567% +/- 33%, P < 0.05) and 6 hr of exposure (1639% +/- 91% vs. 1155% +/- 73%, P < 0.05). No differences in the percentage of increase in culture media ANP concentration was seen at 45 min (284% +/- 27% vs. 201% +/- 16%, P = NS) or 24 hr (2499% +/- 250% vs. 2426% +/- 195%). There was a significant increase in cellular ANP content between 3 and 24 hr in atrial cardiocytes exposed to 21% oxygen (105% +/- 40% vs. 296% +/- 60%, P < 0.05), but not in atrial cardiocytes exposed to 3% oxygen (118% +/- 20% vs. 180% +/- 26%, P = NS). Steady-state ANP mRNA levels in atrial cardiocytes were not affected by oxygen tension. In ventricular cardiocytes, oxygen tension did not affect ANP secretion, cellular ANP content, or steady-state ANP mRNA levels. We conclude that reduced oxygen tension increases release of ANP from atrial, but not ventricular cardiocytes and that this mechanism may contribute to the elevation in plasma ANP seen during acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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24
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Farrell AP, Olson KR. Cardiac natriuretic peptides: a physiological lineage of cardioprotective hormones? Physiol Biochem Zool 2000; 73:1-11. [PMID: 10685901 DOI: 10.1086/316727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate hearts from fish to mammals secrete peptide hormones with profound natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatory activity; however, the specific role of these cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) in homeostasis is unclear. NPs have been suggested to be involved in salt excretion in saltwater teleosts, whereas they are proposed to be more important in volume regulation in mammals. In this review, we consider an alternative (or perhaps complementary) function of NPs to protect the heart. This hypothesis is based on a number of observations. First, evidence for NPs, or NP-like activity has been found in all vertebrate hearts thus far examined, from osmoconforming saltwater hagfish to euryhaline freshwater and saltwater teleosts to terrestrial mammals. Thus the presence of cardiac NPs appears to be independent of environmental conditions that may variously affect salt and water balance. Second, cardiac stretch is a universal, and one of the most powerful, NP secretagogues. Furthermore, stretch-induced NP release in euryhaline teleosts appears relatively independent of ambient salinity. Third, excessive cardiac stretch that increases end-diastolic volume (EDV) can compromise the mechanical ability of the heart by decreasing actin-myosin interaction (length-tension) or through Laplace effects whereby as EDV increases, the wall tension necessary to maintain a constant pressure must also increase. Excessive cardiac stretch can be produced by factors that decrease cardiac emptying (i.e., increased arterial pressure), or by factors that increase cardiac filling (i.e., increased blood volume, increased venous tone, or decreased venous compliance). Fourth, the major physiological actions of cardiac NPs enhance cardiac emptying and decrease cardiac filling. In fish, NPs promote cardiac emptying by decreasing gill vascular resistance, thereby lowering ventral aortic pressure. In mammals a similar effect is achieved through pulmonary vasodilation. NPs also decrease cardiac filling by decreasing blood volume and increasing venous compliance, the latter producing a rapid fall in central venous pressure. Fifth, the presence of NP clearance receptors in the gill and lung (between the heart and systemic circulation) suggest that these tissues may be exposed to considerably higher NP titers than are systemic tissues. Thus, a decrease in outflow resistance immediately downstream from the heart may be the first response to increased cardiac distension. Because the physiology of cardiac NPs is basically the same in fish and mammals, we propose that the cardioprotective effects of NPs have been well preserved throughout the course of vertebrate evolution. It is also likely that the cardioprotective role of NPs was one of the most primordial homeostatic activities of these peptides in the earliest vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Farrell
- Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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25
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Kakinuma Y, Miyauchi T, Kobayashi T, Yuki K, Maeda S, Sakai S, Goto K, Yamaguchi I. Myocardial expression of endothelin-2 is altered reciprocally to that of endothelin-1 during ischemia of cardiomyocytes in vitro and during heart failure in vivo. Life Sci 1999; 65:1671-83. [PMID: 10573185 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We and other groups have reported that endothelin (ET)-1 expression in the heart is altered in the setting of heart diseases. We have also reported that myocardial ET-1 is involved in the progression of heart failure, and that an ET receptor antagonist improves long-term survival in heart failure (Nature 384: 353-355, 1996). However, the role of myocardial ET-2 in disease states are not known. To characterize the role of ET-2, we used a) the failing hearts of rats with heart failure caused by myocardial infarction, and b) primary cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. In the failing heart in vivo, ET-1 mRNA increased by 390% compared with that in the non-failing heart, while ET-2 mRNA drastically decreased by 88%. Thus, gene expression of ET-1 and ET-2 was reciprocally altered in the failing heart in vivo. In in vitro studies, reciprocal alterations in ET-1 and ET-2 gene expression were also observed in isolated primary cultured cardiomyocytes, subjected to hypoxia. Specifically, acute hypoxic stress induced a significant increase (360% of the basal level) in ET-2 mRNA expression compared with that in normoxic cells, whereas it decreased ET-1 mRNA expression by 62% in primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Although these two crucial conditions, i.e., heart failure in vivo and acute hypoxic stress in vitro, are pathophysiologically distinct from each other, reciprocal alteration of ET-1 and ET-2 gene expression was observed in both cases. To further investigate the regulatory mechanism of the altered gene expression, luciferase analysis was performed using primary cultured cardiomyocytes. ET-2 promoter, which is the 5'-flanking region of preproET-2 gene (5'ET-2), showed a marked increase in luciferase activity during acute hypoxia. In contrast, the luciferase activity of 5'ET-1 (ET-1 promoter) did not change in response to hypoxic stress. The present study suggests that there are transcriptionally distinct regulatory mechanisms for ET-1 and ET-2 expression in cardiomyocytes, and therefore this study may provide a new aspect of cardiac ET system that not only ET-1 but also ET-2 can be participated in the pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kakinuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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26
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Abstract
The heart is exposed to alterations in oxygen tension under different pathophysiological conditions. In order to maintain function, changes in the pattern of cardiac gene expression arise. Through the activity of multiple transcription factors, which include activating protein-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and nuclear factor kappaB, there is up-regulation of mRNA encoding factors that enable the cardiomyocyte to adapt to the new environment. In the case of hypoxia or anoxia, there is an increased expression of growth factors, glucose transporters, enzymes associated with anaerobic glycolysis, and stress proteins. When the cardiomyocyte is reoxygenated after hypoxia, there is a rapid increase in antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piacentini
- Cardiology Section, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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27
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Nagata D, Hirata Y, Suzuki E, Kakoki M, Hayakawa H, Goto A, Ishimitsu T, Minamino N, Ono Y, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Omata M. Hypoxia-induced adrenomedullin production in the kidney. Kidney Int 1999; 55:1259-67. [PMID: 10200989 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (AM) is a newly discovered peptide that has a potent vasorelaxant activity. To investigate its potential roles in hypoxia-induced renal injury, we examined whether AM production in the kidney increased under hypoxic conditions. METHODS The AM transcript levels in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and rat mesangial cells were assessed by Northern blot analyses under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The AM peptide in culture media was measured by radioimmunoassay. The effects of hypoxia on accumulation of cAMP in VSMCs were also examined. The stability of AM transcripts under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was compared in the presence of actinomycin D. The effects of hypoxia on AM promoter activity was assessed by transient transfection assays using the AM promoter subcloned upstream of luciferase gene. RESULTS The expression of AM transcripts increased significantly in MDCK cells, rat VSMCs, and rat mesangial cells under hypoxic conditions without changes in the stability of AM transcripts; however, the AM promoter activity under hypoxic was not elevated significantly. The accumulation of AM peptide in culture media also increased significantly under hypoxic conditions in MDCK cells (2.2 +/- 0.1 fmol/10(5) cells in normoxia vs. 3.5 +/- 0.3 fmol/10(5) cells in hypoxia, 6 hr after hypoxia induction, P < 0.001), and in rat VSMCs (5.5 +/- 0.3 fmol/10(5) cells in normoxia vs. 7.8 +/- 0.4 fmol/10(5) cells in hypoxia, 8 hr after hypoxia induction, P < 0.01). Under hypoxic conditions, cAMP levels in rat VSMCs increased significantly compared with those under normoxic conditions (13.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/well vs. 4.6 +/- 0.4 pmol/well, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Renal parenchymal cells as well as renal vessels may produce AM under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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